Useful properties of polyacrylic fabrics, their advantages and disadvantages, the nuances of recycling. Proper fabric care

In this article, we will look at what to consider when choosing yarn for hand knitting and how to read labels. Detailed information about the properties of fibers and yarn from them, see the section.

The main influence on the properties of yarn is provided by the fibrous composition, therefore, first of all, we pay attention to it.

According to the composition of the fibers, yarn can be divided into homogeneous and mixed. Homogeneous yarn is produced from one type of raw material, such as wool. Mixed yarn - from a mixture of raw materials of different nature, for example, wool with an admixture of acrylic. It should be borne in mind that if one of the types of fiber in the yarn is 10% or less, then the yarn is not considered blended: for example, if the yarn contains 90% wool and 10% acrylic, it will be considered pure wool, and if there is more acrylic, for example 30%, then the yarn will be mixed.

The same fiber may be known under different names and may be written differently on the label. Here are the most commonly used names for synthetic fibers:

Acrylic- PAN, acrylic, nitron, orlon.
Polyamide- PA, capron, nylon, dedron
polyester- PE, PEF, lavsan, polyester.

Everyone knows positive properties natural fibers (you can read more about this in other sections of the “Yarn” section). Here we note that we should not neglect the yarn from chemical fibers (the quality of modern chemical fibers has increased significantly due to modification) and, especially, mixed yarn. After all, the addition of chemical fibers to natural fibers not only reduces the cost of yarn, but also gives it a number of valuable properties. Here are the most optimal ratios different fibers in yarn:

Wool / polyamide- yarn of good appearance, with good heat-shielding and hygroscopic properties, strong enough, resistant to abrasion and felting when washed. In this case, the content of polyamide in the mixture should not exceed 20%; otherwise, the products become rigid, more sensitive to elevated temperatures, their heat-shielding and hygroscopic properties noticeably worsen.

Wool / polyester in the ratio of wool 33 - 50%, polyester 67-50% - yarn with good heat-shielding and elastic properties, products made from such yarn have high wear resistance and retain their shape well. When polyester fibers are added to wool in an amount of up to 30% of the total mass, the yarn in appearance, softness and carcass almost does not differ from pure wool. With 50% fiber added to wool, yarn strength doubles and durability more than quadruples.

Wool / acrylic- increases the strength and reduces the shrinkage of the yarn. Mixed acrylic-woolen yarn is produced in various proportions and occupies a large market share, since acrylic fiber approaches wool in appearance and heat-shielding properties, but at the same time it is cheaper.

Wool / viscose- when viscose staple fiber is added to coarse and semi-coarse wool in the amount of 30 - 50%, the yarn becomes softer, ennobled.

Cotton or viscose/polyester- The greatest effect is achieved when composing a mixture of 33% cotton or viscose fiber with 67% polyester. good mix also obtained from 50% cotton or viscose fiber and 50% polyester. Yarn from such mixtures has the highest strength and extensibility, and products from it - crease resistance and wear resistance.

Linen / polyester- good results obtained by investing in a mixture with flax up to 67% polyester. At the same time, products made from such yarn acquire crease resistance, and abrasion resistance increases by 4 times.

Cotton, acrylic, viscose/polyamide- Adding 10-20% polyamide fiber to cotton, wool, acrylic, viscose staple fiber significantly increases the wear resistance of products.

Some terms related to the fibrous composition of yarn:

fine-wool or finemerinos- fine-haired; wool obtained from a fine-fleeced breed of sheep - merino;
lambswool- wool of a young lamb from English. lamb (lamb) and wool (wool);
super wash- super-washable wool, a special type of wool finish that allows you to wash products in a washing machine, such wool costs one and a half to two times more;
mercerized cotton(silkaline or silkalene) - a type of finishing of cotton yarn, which improves its consumer properties;
silk- natural silk;
rayon (artificial silk or rayon); in international practice, all types of shiny silky threads are called silk, for example, natural silk, viscose, acetate, nylon: acetate-rayon- acetate silk;
artificial angora- 100% polyamide.

The fibrous composition of the yarn is always indicated on the labels as a percentage.

Now let's look at the notation.

They are synthetic, made from acrylonitrile, a petrochemical product created from natural gas by chemical reactions.

This material, although synthetic, is of high quality, and therefore quite in demand. It is valued for its bright, persistent color, which does not change even over time. The reason for this durability lies in the technology used in the production of acrylic - the fibers are dyed while still in a liquid state. That is, the thread gets the color from the inside, and therefore it is not afraid of even direct sunlight.

Products made of acrylic are beautiful, soft, delicate to the touch, which is ensured by the presence in its composition of fibers identical to wool. The fabric steadfastly behaves under various temperature conditions - it is not afraid of either thirty-degree frosts or extreme heat.

Preparation and properties of polyacronitrile

Polyacrylonitrile (-CH 2 -CH(CN)-) n - acrylonitrile polymer, in industry a polymer with a molecular weight of 30-100 kDa, a density of 1.14-1.17 g / cm is used. Glass transition temperature ~85-90 °C, decomposition temperature ~250 °C.

The basis for the production of PAN fibers are products of natural gas processing. The first samples of this substance were synthesized in 1947. During polymerization, a continuous thread is obtained, from which skeins of a certain length are formed. The fiber is dyed during the production process, so it retains its color regardless of the number of washes and the amount of time it has been exposed to the sun.

The structure of the thread resembles wool, for which she received the name of artificial wool.

The main characteristic of this polymer fiber is its high strength, although not as high as that of polyamide and polyester. In addition, he:

does not collapse and does not fade with prolonged UV radiation;
tolerates temperatures up to 130 degrees;
soft and pleasant to the touch;
dimensionally stable;
has good thermal insulation properties;
dries quickly;
not damaged by insects and microorganisms;
resistant to acids, alkalis, gasoline, acetone;
holds pigments well, including photo printing.

However, polyacronitrile also has a number of disadvantages inherent in all synthetic fibers, namely:

does not absorb moisture;
does not pass air well;
electrified;
easily adsorbs fats, forming stubborn stains;
slips when worn.

Polymer of acrylic acid nitrile ( polyacrylonitrile) was first obtained by Moreau in 1893 from ethylene cyanohydrin and acrylic acid amide. In 1931, Carothers developed a method for producing latexes from polyacrylonitrile. Later, in 1940, a method was proposed for the copolymerization of acrylonitrile with butadiene (nitrile rubber).

Because the polyacrylonitrile did not dissolve in known organic solvents, it could not be processed into fibers. For the first time, a fiber from polyacrylonitrile was obtained using dimethylformamide as a solvent.

Later it was found that polyacrylonitrile dissolves in concentrated aqueous solution sodium or calcium thiocyanate. It had great importance to improve the technology for obtaining polyacrylonitrile.

Polyacrylonitrile and various copolymers based on it are widely used in the production of fiber type "nitron", nitrile rubber, impact resistant polystyrene etc.

Polyacrylonitrile insoluble in non-polar and low-polar solvents (hydrocarbons, alcohols), soluble in polar aprotic solvents (dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide), aqueous solutions of electrolytes with high ionic strength (50-70% solutions of ammonium thiocyanate, potassium, sodium, lithium bromide, zinc chloride), with hydrolysis of the nitrile group - in aqueous solutions of strong acids.

It is widely used in the production of strong thermally resistant fibers, as well as a copolymer in the production of divinylnitrile rubber.

Polyacrylonitrile in industry, they are obtained by homogeneous (in aqueous electrolyte solutions) or heterogeneous (in aqueous emulsions) radical polymerization of acrylonitrile.

In homogeneous polymerization, aqueous solutions of zinc chloride or sodium thiocyanate are used as a solvent; is 1-1.5 hours, then in dimethylformamide-12-18 hours, the solvents must be purified from impurities that cause chain termination.The process is carried out to a degree of monomer conversion of 50-70%, unreacted acrylonitrile is removed from the reaction mixture, and it turns out a polymer with a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution.

The advantage of homogeneous polymerization is the possibility of direct use of the obtained solution of polyacrylonitrile for the formation of polymer fibers.

In the case of heterogeneous polymerization, an aqueous acrylonitrile emulsion containing 12-25% monomer is used as the initial reaction mixture, and ammonium persulfate is used as the polymerization initiator. A feature of this process, which distinguishes it from the suspension polymerization of water-insoluble monomers (for example, vinyl chloride), is the rather high solubility of acrylonitrile in water (~7%), which leads to the fact that in the presence of a water-soluble initiator, polymerization occurs not only on the surface of monomer droplets, but and in aqueous solution. This leads to self-acceleration of the process up to ~20% conversion and the formation of a polymer with a broad molecular weight distribution; polymerization is completed at acrylonitrile conversion of 60–80%, after which the polymer is separated from the suspension, washed, and dried.

Compared to a homogeneous process, heterogeneous polymerization produces a polymer with a higher average molecular weight, while due to the solubility in acrylonitrile of comonomers that are insoluble under homogeneous process conditions, the composition of the obtained copolymers can be more widely varied.

Almost all produced polyacrylonitrile used to produce polyacrylonitrile fibers.

Polyacrylonitrile fibers Nitron (in the USSR), Orlon (DuPont), Dralon (Dralon GmbH)) are obtained from polyacrylonitrile or from copolymers of acrylonitrile with other vinyl monomers (methacrylate, vinyl acetate, etc.). The fibers are spun from the solution either dry or wet. Basically, nitron is produced in the form of staple fiber.

Polyacrylonitrile fibers have a sufficiently high strength (breaking stress 250-400 MPa), which can be increased with additional stretching, and a relatively high extensibility (22-35%). Due to the low hygroscopicity, these properties do not change when wet.

Nitron fibers have maximum lightfastness. Under combined conditions, sunlight, smoke, soot, water, acids, etc., in which hydrated cellulose fibers are completely destroyed, polyacrylonitrile fibers lose strength by only 15%. These fibers are also characterized by high heat resistance: in the process of prolonged exposure at a temperature of 120-130 ° C, they practically do not change their properties.

The disadvantages of polyacrylonitrile fibers include their low hygroscopicity, relatively high rigidity and low resistance to abrasion.

Nitron fibers have a wool-like appearance, low thermal conductivity, the indicators of which are close to the thermal conductivity of wool. They are inert to pollutants, so products made from them are easy to clean. Nitron fibers are used mainly as wool substitutes in the production of carpets, faux fur, as a heat-insulating material and an additive to wool fibers.

used to change the properties of fibers. various methods modifications, in particular the synthesis of copolymers, the synthesis of graft copolymers, molding from a mixture of polymers. As a result of the modification, the dyeability improves, the hydrophilicity, elasticity of the fibers, their resistance to abrasion and repeated deformations increase.

Polyacrylonitrile fiber is also a raw material for the production of carbon fiber by oxidative pyrolysis and stabilization in an inert gas. However, this method is poorly justified economically due to the high cost of polyacrylonitrile, as well as environmentally due to the release of extremely toxic substances.

The process is carried out in two stages: the first is heating in air at 180-300°. In this case, the absorption of oxygen occurs and at a temperature of ~220 °C the release of water and ammonia, and then at ~270 °C - hydrocyanic acid. During this stage of oxidative pyrolysis, intramolecular and intermolecular cyclization occurs, as a result of intramolecular cyclization, sections of the polymer with a ladder structure appear, intermolecular cyclization leads to cross-linking of linear polymer chains with the formation of a black spatially cross-linked polymer, which, unlike the initial polyacrylonitrile, is infusible and insoluble .

At the second stage, the cross-linked polymer obtained as a result of oxidative pyrolysis is heated to 1000–2000 °C in an inert gas medium to obtain carbon fiber.

How is PAN used?

The name "artificial wool" corresponds to the main directions of application of this material. Products made of polyacronitrile look soft and fluffy, but at the same time they do not deform or stretch. Most often, this fiber is part of mixed textiles or knitting yarn with the addition of natural wool, mohair, angora. This reduces the price of the fabric and makes it more durable, although it somewhat worsens its warming and hygienic properties. The use of polyacronitrile in the manufacture of artificial fur and warm knitwear is widespread.

Many fabrics have a fully polymeric PAN composition. They are used for items of men's and women's everyday wardrobe, as well as a variety of workwear. Acrylic fabric is widely used for lightproof curtains, other household items. The neutrality of these fibers and their resistance to microorganisms have led to their use in the antibacterial mixed fabric amicord, which includes cotton or linen fibers and triclosan particles. In addition, heat-insulating material Panox is produced on the basis of polyacronitrile.

If the label of the purchased item says that it contains PAN threads, you can be sure that your appearance is always impeccable, as it will retain its original shape, you will not see wrinkled folds on it.

This fabric dries quickly, is elastic, repels water well, is not subject to fungi, mold, moths. acrylic yarn easy to use, as it is a long, continuously stretching thread. It does not cause allergies, which makes it safe to use.

As for the shortcomings, they are naturally present - nothing is perfect. The material does not pass air well, static electricity accumulates in it, pellets can form on the surface.
Acrylic items require proper care and, if maintained, will last a long time. attractive appearance.

Most often, PAN is combined with cotton, polyester, elastane and wool.

Even those who are critical of synthetics cannot but appreciate the softness of these fibers, the durability and brightness of their color, and the ability to retain heat. These fibers are used to create fabric known by various trademarks, such as nitron, orlon, cashmere, etc., as well as in the form of yarn for knitting.

Care rules

PAN fabric is unpretentious in care - it tolerates machine wash(preferably at a temperature of no more than forty degrees) and any detergents. However, things from it are not recommended to be twisted, and they must be dried in a horizontal position.. You can iron PAN with an iron in the “Synthetics” mode, preferably through wet gauze.

Polyacronitrile products can be cleaned with chemicals. They are resistant to acidic and alkaline environments of medium concentration, well tolerate contact with gasoline, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, acetone. At the same time, exposure to formalin and phenol can destroy the fibers and ruin the product.

Very often after home washing we are faced with a problem
"damaged thing" What's happened? Why? After all, everything was done as stated in the instructions.

Main reason - improper care behind the fabric from which this or that thing is sewn.

Acrylic Care

Angora

Angora cannot be washed, not even just washed, but generally wetted. Things must be protected from rain so that they do not deteriorate. Do not iron as heat can be very damaging to Angora wool. Therefore, the main care timely visit dry cleaners.

Atlas

Satin is a silk dyed fabric with a shiny and smooth surface of a satin weave. It is produced from thin silk threads of medium thickness. From this fabric it is recommended to sew ladies' dresses. It is used for lining coats, hats, shoes, linings are sewn from it.

Satin products require special care, gentle, very careful hand washing without spinning at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees with special detergents, while the product must first be soaked in water for a short time. If you properly care for the satin, it retains its beautiful appearance, elasticity, practically does not wrinkle and does not shrink for many years. When washing, be sure to study the product label, namely, pay attention to whether any other material is included in the item. Very often, cotton and even artificial fibers (viscose, polyester, nylon, etc.) are added to satin to increase durability and increase elasticity. Usually the label will describe well the method of washing and ironing the product.

Acetate and triacetate

Velours

However, the pile of this fabric tends to wear out quickly. Velor requires careful care. It cannot be bleached. Recommended handwash and dry cleaning.

Viscose

Cashmere

Lycra

Lycra is a polyurethane fiber, a synthetic thread obtained from polyurethane rubbers. It stretches well, has elasticity and strength. It is used in the production of stockings, tights, leggings.

Linen

During operation linen clothes it is worth adhering to the general rules for the care of linen fabrics. Dry cleaning is recommended, because. Linen fabrics tend to shrink a lot when washed.

microfiber

polyacrylic

Polyamide

The optimum temperature for washing polyamide is 40 degrees. Dry cleaning is also recommended.

Polyester

Taffeta

Teak

Store in a cabinet with sufficient air circulation.

Cotton

Caring for cotton products is quite simple, but it has its own subtleties and nuances. So, washing of their cotton products should be carried out at 40 degrees for colored clothes and 60 degrees for white clothes. Cotton clothes are recommended to be dry-cleaned or washed by hand. But even in this case, you should not resort to dryers, as things can shrink a lot.

Silk

Silk fades strongly in the sun, so it should be protected from ultraviolet radiation. For silk products, only dry cleaning is recommended.

Wool

Caring for woolen clothes includes washing at 30 degrees by hand, but it is better to use dry cleaning services to avoid deformation.

Elastane

Acrylic Care

Acrylic belongs to the category of high quality synthetic fibers that are made from oil. Acrylic fabric is soft, light, delicate, warm, it has moth protection and is not afraid of exposure to ultraviolet rays, solvents, acids and various negative weather conditions. Among the shortcomings of acrylic fabric, it is worth highlighting airtightness, electrification and the possibility of spooling.

Acrylic fabric is quite easy to care for. It is washed at room temperature either by hand or in a washing machine. Things made of acrylic fabric dry quickly, and after drying they are ironed exclusively with a slightly warm iron to avoid various damages.

Angora

Angora is a woolen fabric, soft to the touch, with a characteristic delicate pile of angora goat wool. The fabric is light or medium heavy, one-colored or melange. It is recommended to sew dresses, suits, light coats from it.

Angora cannot be washed, not even just washed, but generally wetted. Things must be protected from rain so that they do not deteriorate. Do not iron; heat can be very damaging to angora wool. Therefore, the main care is a timely visit to dry cleaning. Although some housewives claim that you can refresh your favorite angora item with a hand wash with shampoo and glycerin. But manufacturers do not agree with them, so do not take risks, it is better to use the services of professionals.

Atlas

Satin is a silk dyed fabric with a shiny and smooth surface of a satin weave. It is produced from thin silk threads of medium thickness. From this fabric it is recommended to sew ladies' dresses. Used for lining coats, hats, shoes; linings are sewn from it.

Satin products require special care, gentle, very careful hand washing without spinning at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees with special detergents, while the product must first be soaked in water for a short time. If you properly care for the satin, it retains its beautiful appearance, elasticity for many years, practically does not wrinkle and does not shrink. When washing, be sure to study the product label, namely, pay attention to whether any other material is included in the item. Very often, cotton and even artificial fibers (viscose, polyester, nylon, etc.) are added to satin to increase durability and increase elasticity. Usually on the label and the method of washing and ironing the product will be well described. For example, if acetate is added to a satin item, it cannot be washed, only dry cleaning can be used.

Acetate and triacetate

Acetate and triacetate are also man-made fibers made from cellulose acetate. This fiber is very light and smooth. Acetate or triacetate fabric visually resembles silk, it is called rayon.

Acetate fabric requires special care. It can be washed at 70 degrees by hand or in a washing machine. But when washing in a machine, it is worth choosing a gentle mode, excluding drying in a centrifuge or a tumble dryer. Acetate dries quickly. Ironing acetate fiber is often not required, although if necessary, the temperature setting of the iron should be set to "silk".

Velvet

Velvet - cotton, soft, shiny fabric, refers to pile fabrics. Its surface is with a dense low pile, the pile is formed by cutting the top layer of yarn. The fabric is dyed or patterned. Sewn from velvet evening dresses, elegant capes, raincoats, children's clothes, trousers.

Velvet is a fabric, albeit beautiful, but capricious and sensitive. The best option clean it from stains - give the product to dry cleaning, but sometimes there is no other choice but to do the laundry yourself. Sending the fabric to the washing machine, albeit at the most delicate mode, is risky.

Velvet must be washed by hand with all possible tenderness. Do not twist, do not rub, but sort out the fabric. Watch the water temperature: it should be warm or cool, but not hot. Water above +30°C damages the elasticity of the fabric. Liquid detergents are suitable for washing, they are mild, without bleach and preferably do not cause foam in large quantities.

After washing, lay the product on a large terry towel and roll it all together into a tight roll. Do not get wet with strong pressing movements. If necessary, repeat the procedure, changing the towel to a dry one. In conclusion, unroll the roll, shake the product well in different directions so that the pile rises. After the moisture has gone, the fabric is left to dry on a flat surface or hung on a coat hanger.

Velours

Velor is a pure-wool, napped fabric made from cloth-spun yarn, which has a slightly longer pile than that of velvet. Usually, all products made of velor are soft and comfortable to wear, they do not lose their shape and warm well in cold weather. Sew from this fabric ladies' and mens coats, raincoats.

However, the pile of this fabric tends to wear out quickly. Velor requires careful care. It cannot be bleached or cleaned with strong chemicals. We recommend hand washing at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C and ironing from the wrong side.

Viscose

Viscose is a synthetic fiber obtained by special processing of cellulose fiber. Viscose fabric perfectly absorbs moisture, but at the same time it loses its strength. Viscose thread is very often added to the composition of mixed fabrics, providing a good coloring of the fabric and their further washing.

When caring for things made of viscose, you should consider following rules. Viscose can be washed at a temperature of 30 degrees, it must not be wrung out and dried in a centrifuge, as it can be damaged. It is necessary to iron viscose when temperature regime 150 degrees through wet cloth. Although it is possible to iron viscose in a wet state.

Cashmere

Mountain goat down, combed or plucked by hand. From this fluff, a noble matte-shiny fabric is obtained, which has always been highly valued. Cashmere (also called "pashmina") is made up of the finest threads, which is why they are so soft and pleasant to the touch. In addition, this fabric is very light, but it can retain heat for a long time. Women's dresses, blouses are sewn from this fabric.

Lycra

Lycra is a polyurethane fiber, a synthetic thread obtained from polyurethane rubbers. It stretches well, has elasticity and strength. It is used in the production of stockings, tights, leggings. It is recommended to wash products containing lycra at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C, preferably by hand. Machine washable on " Delicate fabrics". Iron through a damp cloth with an iron heated to no more than 150 degrees.

Linen

Flax also belongs to the category of natural threads obtained from flax stalks. Linen fiber is quite easy to process. Therefore, thick upholstery fabrics and a thin canvas for curtains are made from it. Linen fabric is highly durable and can withstand high temperatures.

When using linen clothes, you should follow the general rules for caring for linen fabrics. Washing white and colored fabrics should be carried out separately in a gentle mode. When using washing powder, preference should be given to those products that do not contain bleach and chlorine-containing substances. Linen should only be dried flat. Ironing clothes is at a temperature not exceeding 200 degrees.

microfiber

Microfiber is a textile yarn artificial origin. Most microfibers are based on polyester or nylon. Microfiber does not roll, does not shed, it absorbs a lot of moisture and can be used for the production of woven and non-woven knitwear.

Microfiber is very easy to care for. It is easy to wash and can be dry cleaned. Microfiber items are washable at 40 degrees. Do not wring or tumble dry microfiber items. When rinsing, do not add various emollients to avoid loss of water-repellent properties.

polyacrylic

Polyacrylic is a synthetic fiber that makes clothes look like wool. Distinctive features of polyacrylic can be considered softness, lightness and wear resistance. Polyacrylic is most commonly used in the manufacture of winter clothes, because due to its properties it is able to retain heat. Things made of polyacrylic do not require special care; they, like all synthetic fabrics, are easy to handle.

Polyamide

Polyamide is a fiber created in a synthetic way. Products made of polyamide are very popular, because its properties help clothes to retain their original attractive appearance for a long time. Among the main advantages of a fabric such as polyamide, one can single out excellent breathability and quick drying. Most often, polyamide is used in the production sportswear. Things made of polyamide have high strength, softness and lightness.

The optimum temperature for washing polyamide is 40 degrees. When rinsing fabrics, do not use conditioners, otherwise things will lose their water-repellent properties. Do not spin these items in the spin dryer of the washing machine, and do not dry them in the tumble dryer of the washing machine. Hang to dry when slightly damp.

iron polyamide fabrics with a slightly warm iron on the "silk" function.

Polyester

Polyester is a synthetic fiber belonging to a new generation of fibers. This fiber is very strong, soft, light, it does not shrink. Polyester fabrics do not wrinkle, do not stretch, they are hygroscopic, and dry easily. Pure polyester fabrics are electrified, which does not allow them to be used for the production of underwear and other clothing worn on the naked body.

Wash soiled items in a washing machine at a temperature not exceeding 40°C. If you use hotter water, then wrinkled folds will remain on the material, which is almost impossible to remove. For colored polyester, choose a powder for synthetics, and for white, you can use the usual universal powder.

Polyester fabrics dry before our eyes.

It is not necessary to iron things made of polyester fibers. If ironing is necessary, then iron the fabric with a slightly warm iron, using a damp cloth.

Taffeta

Taffeta - silk, one-colored or multi-colored, dense to the touch, moderately shiny. Evening ball gowns, blouses are sewn from this fabric. Use on covers under dresses, on petticoats.

Take natural taffeta to dry cleaning, synthetic - wash in cold water without twisting and using aggressive detergents. Lay flat to dry, cover light fabric. Iron from the inside out with a slightly warm iron, from the humidifier of which first pour out water so that wet spots do not spoil the product.

Keep things on hangers in the closet. Vacuum bags are prohibited.

Teak

Teak - dense cotton or linen fabric. It is mainly used as household textiles, primarily for mattress covers and pillowcases. The main advantage of this textile is its natural composition and high strength, environmental friendliness, anti-allergenicity, softness, durability and wear resistance, hygroscopicity.

Teak is not difficult to care for. Calmly tolerates machine washing and spinning in a centrifuge, does without soaking. The main thing is not to overdry. For comfortable ironing, the product should be slightly damp.

Store in a cabinet with sufficient air circulation.

Cotton

Cotton belongs to the category of natural fibers of vegetable origin. Cotton fiber can be used as an independent thread for the manufacture of various things, such as T-shirts, underwear, etc., or in combination with other threads, which additionally give strength to products. Fabrics made from 100% cotton are soft and hygroscopic, which makes the products comfortable during use.

Caring for cotton products is quite simple, but it has its own subtleties and nuances. So, washing of their cotton products should be carried out at 40 degrees for colored clothes and 60 degrees for white clothes. Cotton clothes can be washed by hand or washing machines. Cotton clothes take a long time to dry. But even in this case, you should not resort to dryers, as things can shrink a lot.

Silk

Silk is a natural thread obtained from silkworm cocoons. Silk fabric has a beautiful appearance and softness. Not only clothes are made from silk, but also bed sheets, underwear, various fabrics for curtains, etc.

Silk products require special care.

Firstly, silk fades strongly in the sun, so it should be protected from ultraviolet radiation. Secondly, silk products should be washed only in warm water at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees. For silk, hand washing is recommended, since twisting and squeezing silk is not recommended. This fabric should be rinsed in cold water, which will restore the shine to silk. Thirdly, all silk items are ironed only from the inside, using the minimum temperature (one or 1 asterisk on the regulator). Majority modern irons are equipped with a special program for silk - an unmistakable option. If there is no such program, set the regulator to 150°C. To smooth out large wrinkles in the fabric, use moistened gauze and a hot iron.

Wool

Wool also applies to fabrics natural origin. A huge number of different products are made from wool. And these are not only woolen fabrics used for furniture upholstery, but also felt and even felt boots. Wool is very warm, it is hygroscopic and absorbs moisture, but in addition to all these qualities, wool shrinks a lot if not properly cared for.

Caring for woolen clothes includes washing at a temperature of 30 degrees by hand or in machines in the "wool" mode, drying in the unfolded state and ironing at the appropriate mode through a damp gauze cloth. Do not dry on radiators or tumble dryers when caring for woolen garments, as wool can shrink a lot. You should also not squeeze and twist the products - they can be deformed.

Elastane

Elastane is a synthetic polyurethane fiber whose main property is extensibility. Elastane is fantastically strong, thin enough and wear-resistant. Typically, elastane is used as an addition to the main fabrics to give the garment certain properties. Things with a small percentage of elastane sit better on the figure, they are tight, but after stretching they easily return to their original shape. Elastane is quite resistant to various kinds of external influences. Clothing that includes elastane can last quite a long time. Also, the undoubted advantage of things with elastane is that they practically do not wrinkle.

Fabrics with elastane fibers are washed with special powders for delicate fabrics. Do not dry in a dryer. Washing and ironing temperatures depend on which fibers are included in your blended fabric.

Based on all of the above, it is worth remembering that if the care of a particular fabric is proper, the appearance of clothing can be preserved for many years.

Synthetic fabric, in appearance very similar to wool. Things from it are very warm, soft and protected from moths. Acrylic does not lose shape, which is why it is often used in combination with other fibers to create beautiful and dimensionally stable products. Acrylic fibers are well dyed, so things from it look bright and do not fade for a long time. The disadvantages of acrylic fabric include low hygroscopicity and the formation of pellets. Acrylic products do not require special care, they can be washed both manually and by machine.

Acetate

Such tissues are composed of cellulose acetate. They have a slightly shiny surface and look like natural silk. They keep their shape well and almost do not wrinkle. They do not absorb moisture well and melt at high heat, so these fabrics are well suited for pleating. Fabrics containing acetate are washed by hand or in a machine on a gentle cycle. Fabrics containing triacetate can be washed on a normal cycle at 70 degrees. These fabrics must not be tumble dried. They need to be hung up to dry. They dry quickly and require almost no ironing. If you want to iron them, then do it with the wrong side of a warm iron. Triacetate can be ironed on wool or silk.

Velours

The general name for a material that has a velvety front surface. The characteristics of the material depend on the density and length of the pile, but usually all velor products are soft and comfortable to wear, they do not lose their shape and warm well in cold weather. However, the pile of this fabric tends to wear out quickly. Velor requires careful care. It cannot be bleached or cleaned with strong chemicals. We recommend hand washing at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C and ironing from the wrong side.

Viscose

Viscose is a fiber obtained by chemical means, its properties are as close as possible to natural materials. Often, people who are poorly versed in fabrics and materials can mistake viscose for cotton, wool or silk. The qualities that viscose possesses depend on the additives during creation. Viscose perfectly absorbs moisture, but its strength is much lower than that of cotton. This type of fabric is often used in the production of children's clothing. Viscose is great for both winter and summer wear. Its excellent breathability allows the skin to receive enough oxygen, which has a positive effect on skin health and a sense of overall comfort.

Wash viscose in the machine or by hand. If you decide to use a washing machine, then choose a gentle mode and a temperature of no more than 30 degrees. Never twist or wring things out of viscose in a centrifuge. From such treatment, clothes will lose their original appearance. Viscose products can be hung to dry without wringing, or rolled up in a sheet and wrung out gently. Viscose must not be dried in a dryer. When ironing viscose clothes, select the "silk" setting.

Felt

A very dense and durable material made from natural or synthetic fibers. Natural felt made from felted wool, most often from sheep. Felt has low thermal conductivity, but at the same time it passes air well.

Cashmere

Linen

Linen fabric is one of the oldest in the world, and in ancient times it was quite expensive. Linen is highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture quickly and dries out just as quickly. In winter, things made of linen warm, and in summer they help to survive the heat more easily. Linen is several times stronger than cotton, so clothes made from this material can last for a long time. Linen wrinkles, but again not as much as cotton. To avoid this, cotton, viscose or wool fibers are added to it. From frequent washings does not lose its softness.

Flax tolerates boiling well. But, the dyed fabric must be washed at a temperature of 60 degrees, and finished at 40 and in a gentle washing mode. If you wash it in the machine, you can use a universal washing powder: for unbleached and colored linen, it is better to take a powder for fine fabrics without bleach. When drying in a dryer, flax may shrink. Linen is always ironed with moisture and at the highest temperature.

Lurex

Metallized (aluminum, copper, brass or nickel) thread in fabric. Lurex is usually used in combination with other fibers, thanks to which the product acquires a glossy effect.

Modal

Cellulose fibre. It is stronger than viscose, and in terms of hygroscopicity it is one and a half times superior to cotton. After washing, modal products always remain soft, do not fade and almost do not “shrink”, so they are easy to care for. Modal is often used in combination with other fibers. It gives things a soft sheen and makes them softer and more pleasant to the touch.

Polyamide

Polyamide is a synthetic fiber. Products made of polyamide are very popular, because its properties help clothes to retain their original attractive appearance for a long time. Among the main advantages of a fabric such as polyamide, one can single out excellent breathability and quick drying. Most often, polyamide is used in the production of sportswear. Things made of polyamide have high strength, softness and lightness.

Clothes with the addition of polyamide can be washed in a conventional washing machine. The optimum temperature for a streak is 40 degrees. Like most synthetic fabrics, polyamide does not tolerate tumble drying well. Things from it should be hung wet on the dryer. Polyamide should be ironed at the lowest heat and without steam.

polyacrylic

Polyacrylic is a synthetic fiber that makes clothes look like wool. Distinctive features of polyacrylic can be considered softness, lightness and wear resistance. Polyacryl is most often used in the manufacture of winter clothing, because due to its properties it is able to retain heat. Things made of polyacrylic do not require special care; they, like all synthetic fabrics, are easy to handle. The main thing is to choose correct mode washing and ironing. The water temperature during washing should be approximately 30 degrees.

Polyester

Synthetic polyester fiber - polyester among all similar fabrics is the most functional. This is a very durable fabric that makes any thing durable and wear-resistant. Clothing made from polyester has a number of properties. It is lightweight, quick-drying and retains its original shape for a long time. It practically does not wrinkle, which is important in the conditions of modern life.

Taking care of polyester clothing is quite easy. It can be washed in the washing machine on a normal cycle at 40 degrees. If the washing temperature is higher, then there is a risk of creases and dents, which are then almost impossible to remove.

satin

Thick shiny cotton fabric. Satin has a silky surface and is therefore very pleasant to the touch. The product made of satin, even after many washes, will not fade and will not lose its original appearance.

Sintepon

Good insulating lining for jackets, quilted coats. This nonwoven fabric made from synthetic fibers. It is much lighter than batting, elastic, does not lose shape and does not fall off. The synthetic winterizer is non-hygroscopic, thanks to which it does not get wet much and dries easily. In addition, it is produced in white and does not shed when washing insulated things and does not leave stains on the fabric of the top. Unlike natural down, it can be washed both by hand and in the washing machine in the delicate wash mode at a temperature of 30 degrees. It dries quickly, retains its shape and does not lose volume. If necessary, it can be ironed with a slightly heated iron.

Knitwear

Knitwear (fr. tricotage) - textile material or ready product, the structure of which is interconnected loops, in contrast to the fabric, which is formed as a result of the mutual interweaving of two systems of threads located in two mutually perpendicular directions. Knitted fabric is characterized by extensibility, elasticity and softness. Knitwear from cotton, wool, chemical fibers and their mixtures should be washed in warm water up to 40 degrees in a soapy solution, using mild detergents specially designed for washing knitwear.

Flannel

Soft double-sided lightly brushed cotton fabric. It retains heat well, is very soft to the touch, due to which it is widely used for sewing children's products (diapers, clothes) and women's clothing(robes, shirts). In addition, bed linen is sewn from it, which perfectly warms in the cold season.

Cotton

Cotton is one of the best fabrics with a lot of advantages. Children's clothes are always made only from cotton. Cotton is easy to dye, is able to provide good breathability, it is soft and pleasant to the body. Among the shortcomings, several things can be distinguished: it wrinkles quite easily, cannot retain heat, which means it is not suitable for winter clothes, and also has the properties of turning yellow from light.

Non-colored cotton can be washed in a washing machine at 95 degrees, colored cotton at 40. For white cotton you can take a universal washing powder, for colored - a special one for washing fine fabrics or without a clarifier. Drying in the dryer of a washing machine can cause severe shrinkage. Finished cotton fabric after washing, without squeezing, must be hung out to dry, and then ironed in the "wool" mode. Other cotton fabrics are best ironed when not completely dry.

Chiffon

Silky fabric made from natural or synthetic fibres. Chiffon is weightless and transparent, so most often festive things are sewn from it. light air silhouette. Chiffon products need careful care so it is quite thin and delicate fabric.

Silk

Natural silk has always been considered one of the most noble and expensive materials. Silk has a rare and unique property for natural fabrics - thermoregulation. He is able to support optimal temperature human body, changing its properties depending on the time of year and the external influence of the weather. It can provide good breathability in summer and keep you warm in winter. In addition, it has long been proven that silk bedding has preventive properties against the occurrence of diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, skin and cardiovascular diseases. Silk evaporates moisture very quickly and dries, but retains traces of stains on clothes, so you need to be extremely careful when handling it. Silk is considered to be a very light and airy fabric, but in fact it depends solely on the way it is made. There are several types of silk weave that make it either light or heavy. High-quality silk practically does not wrinkle.

When washing, any silk sheds a lot, so it should only be washed by hand at 30 degrees and with a soft washing powder. A silk thing must be rinsed well, first in warm, then in cold water. You can add a little vinegar to the last rinse water to freshen up the paint. Silk should not be rubbed, squeezed, twisted, or dried in a dryer. Wet products are carefully wrapped in a cloth, slightly squeezed out of the water and hung or laid out in a horizontal position. When ironing, you must select the appropriate mode on the iron panel. Remember that silk should not be sprayed with water, this may cause stains on it.

Wool

Fabrics made from wool are the basis for creating warm winter clothes. Wool perfectly retains heat and can reliably protect against freezing even under the most severe conditions. low temperatures. Clothing made of wool practically does not wrinkle and even tends to smooth out if, for example, woolen thing hung on a hanger for a long time. Woolen fabrics can stretch, especially when exposed to hot water. The advantages of woolen fabrics include the fact that various kinds of odors quickly disappear from it: cigarette smoke, sweat and so on.

It is recommended to wash woolen clothes exclusively by hand and with by special means. The water temperature during washing should not exceed 30 degrees. After washing, woolen clothes should not be twisted or dried in a dryer. Just lay the item horizontally to dry.

Elastane

Fabrics with elastane fibers are washed with special powders for delicate fabrics. Do not dry in a dryer. Washing and ironing temperatures depend on which fibers are included in your blended fabric.

For sewing or knitting clothes have been used for a long time. Currently, polyacryl is often used in the production of clothing. What kind of fabric is this? Why has she become so popular? Let's look at the features, characteristics, useful qualities of the material.

Story

In the forties of the last century, a new material, hitherto unknown to clothing manufacturers, appeared - polyacrylic. What is the fabric? This question was first answered in the United States, because it was the American company DuPont that produced the first synthetic fibers, which were called polyacrylonitrile.

The first meter of material was obtained in 1948. He made a decent competition to the popular at that time nylon. At first, the material was very difficult to stain. But after several years of refinement and research, manufacturers were able to get the perfect synthetic fabric.

Compound

Polyacryl. What is the fabric? It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. IN modern world most materials contain it. Acrylic fibers are added to wool, mohair, cotton, angora, coat fabric, etc. The percentage can fluctuate and be completely different. Some fabrics will be 95 percent acrylic, others only 5 percent.

No matter how many clothing manufacturers talk about 100% wool or cotton, in most cases their products contain polyacrylic. What kind of fabric can long term service, and even at the same time for many years the socks retain their original appearance? There is simply no such thing. All modern cotton, mohair or wool items have these qualities due to the addition of polyacrylic.

Characteristics and advantages of the material

Polyacryl. What is the fabric? Many call it "bare" synthetics, others - artificial wool. But sometimes only a specialist can distinguish these synthetic fibers from natural ones. Acrylic is as delicate and soft as cotton. It is as warm and light as wool thread.

Polyacryl is a fabric whose properties and advantages can be listed for a very long time. Products made from this material are very pleasant to the touch, soft and delicate. They look very nice. A distinctive feature is the ability to retain heat. That is why this fabric is most often used for the manufacture of winter warm clothes.

In addition, the synthetic fabric is hypoallergenic. Not always allergy sufferers can wear natural woolen things. But polyacrylic products are quite suitable for people suffering from hypersensitivity skin, for young children and even pregnant and lactating women.

The fabric does not wrinkle at all - this is another significant advantage. Things made of polyacrylic are great for travel. You can take them on the road without worrying that they will be wrinkled in a suitcase or bag and lose their beautiful appearance. The given form will keep in any conditions.

A big plus of things made of acrylic is the ability to give them to dry cleaning. synthetic material perfectly tolerates various effects of chemicals, acids and solvents. It is also weather resistant. If in a coat made of natural wool to get into the pouring rain is a disaster, then products made of synthetic fabric will withstand any whirlwinds and bad weather.

In the process of dyeing the material, the paint is absorbed so firmly that the products will not be afraid of numerous washings in the future. Color saturation will not be lost and will not fade over the years.

Flaws

Along with many advantages, polyacrylic has a number of disadvantages. Firstly, the fabric does not absorb moisture well and is airtight. Secondly, things can become covered with small pellets over time, which negatively affects appearance products.

Quite often, people who wear synthetics use special antistatic aerosols. Polyacryl accumulates static electricity - this is another drawback.