Bergamot: effects on humans, beneficial properties and treatment. Bergamot in perfumery and cosmetology. Tea with bergamot. Perfume and eau de toilette scented with bergamot

Bergamot is used by perfumers to give fragrance compositions fresh, noble and invigorating, citrusy and slightly spicy notes. As one of the most popular perfume ingredients, bergamot essential oil is often present in many fragrances, and is especially often used in the composition men's perfumes fougere and chypre groups.

Bergamot is a relatively small evergreen tree that belongs to the citrus family. Although it is a subspecies of the orange and in many ways similar to it, but in wild nature it is not possible to find bergamot, since it is a cultivated plant that is grown mainly in countries with a warm and sunny climate.

The name of the plant in Latin is "Citrus bergamia". The West Indies are considered its homeland, but the main suppliers are Italy and Morocco. The place where bergamot is distributed almost everywhere is the Italian province of Calabria. It is believed that the plant got its name "bergamot" in honor of the Italian city of Bergamo - after all, it was in Bergamo that they first started selling bergamot oil, which made this city famous far beyond Italy. However, one of the legends says that Christopher Columbus discovered the bergamot tree in the Canary Islands, and from there it came to Spain and Italy.

Bergamot fruits are inedible. In Russia, bergamot is known to the general public thanks to Earl Gray tea, but perhaps not many people know that the famous “triple cologne” owes its appearance to bergamot essential oil as well.

Essential oil of bergamot

The essential oil for which bergamot is famous is obtained by pressing not only from the peel of ripe fruits, but also from flowers, leaves and even small sprouts. The color of bergamot oil is from light emerald to emerald green, the smell is fresh, noble and light, with citrus notes and a light spicy-balsamic shade. In his works on essential oils and fragrant substances, the famous Russian scientist Stanislav Amvrosevich Voitkevich noted:

Bergamot oil is obtained from the fruit and leaves by distillation, but obtained from different parts oil plants will vary in quality. Along with neroli and lavender oil, bergamot is the main ingredient of the famous Cologne Water and other toilet waters. It is used as an aromatic component in the production of other perfumes and cosmetics. It is very popular in perfumery and pairs well with jasmine, cypress and coriander oils, among others.

Bergamot oil has a number of commonly used names: the English name is "oil of bergamot", the French name is "essence de bergamote", the German name is "bergamottol", in Latin it is "oleum bergamottae".

The bergamot tree ("Citrus bergamia Risso or Citrus auraniium L. subsp. bergamia") appeared in Italy in the middle of the 17th century. Its origin is not known for certain. Only the name bergamot, similar in sound to the Turkish “prince of pears”, indicates that this plant came to Italy from the East. It is cultivated in Italian Calabria (on the very "toe of the Italian boot"). In height, bergamot reaches 5 meters.

Growing bergamot requires special conditions. The tree does not tolerate frost at all and even drops in temperature below plus 3 degrees Celsius. Delicate flowers can hardly stand the spring winds. Drought and heat in July-August leads to the fall of unripe small fruits, the oil content of which is very low. All this makes Italy almost the only producer of bergamot essential oil. Since 1925, more than 150 tons of this oil have been produced here annually, if there are no weather anomalies.

Bergamot essential oil is obtained by processing the whole fruit on special machines that scrape off part of the rind along with the oil. Then the water-oil mixture is filtered from solid particles and the oil is separated from the water. When processing bergamot fruits on a large scale, more modern equipment is used, and citric acid, which is an additional commercial product. The yield of essential oil is about 0.5 percent by weight of bergamot fruits.

Chemical composition of bergamot essential oil

Chemical composition of bergamot oil for a long time was known only approximately. Chemical analysis methods confirmed the presence in it of significant amounts of linalyl acetate, linalool, as well as mono- and sesquiternene hydrocarbons. Results over detailed studies were not published, probably due to the desire of chemical companies to create an imitation of bergamot oil close to natural product. Such compositions appeared in the 60s of the XX century, and publications about the details of the composition - only in the early 80s of the XX century.

It turned out that the oil contains 175 substances, 26 of which have a concentration of more than 0.1 percent and in total make up 96 percent of the total mass of the oil. Unlike other oils from citrus fruit peels, it contains up to 55 percent of the sum of linalyl acetate and linalool, and it is known that as bergamot ripens, the amount of linalyl acetate increases and linalool decreases. The amount of (+)-limonene is 23-32 percent, gamma-terpinene - from 5 to 11 percent, citral - 0.6 percent.

The presence of sesquiterpenes, including alpha-bergamoten (0.3 percent) and beta-bisabolene (0.6 percent), as well as oxygen-containing sesquiterpenoids (nerolidol, farnesol, bisabolols) have a noticeable effect on the smell. The discovery of jasmone in bergamot oil was unexpected. The presence of bergapten (0.3-0.4 percent) in the oil obtained by cold pressing causes a phototoxic reaction when the oil comes into contact with human skin. Therefore, in some cases, it is planned to purify this oil from bergapten and similar furocoumarins by vacuum rectification.

Bergamot oil is most often a greenish-yellow liquid with fresh pleasant smell and bitter taste. Bergamot oil, purified by rectification, is almost colorless. RIFM published in 1973 the results of biomedical testing of both oils. Cold-pressed bergamot oil had acute toxicity; in the form of a 30% solution in petrolatum, it did not cause sensitization reactions on human skin. But a distinct phototoxic effect was found in tests on animals and on human skin. Photodermatitis is defined by the presence of bergapten (5-methoxy-psoralen), which is characterized by absorption in the ultraviolet spectrum at 312-320 nanometers. The oil purified by rectification did not have phototoxicity. The control of the bergapten content by the UV spectrum showed its absence within the error of determination (0.001 percent).

Since the end of the 18th century, bergamot oil has become an almost indispensable component of perfume compositions. Almost all perfume and cologne formulations of the past and the beginning of the current century include this oil. And only since 1992, the IFRA commission, due to its phototoxic effect, limited the input of oil obtained by pressing to a limit of 0.4 percent, counting on the weight of the finished perfume product, which corresponds to a concentration in the composition of 2 percent (for perfumes containing 20 percent of this composition ). With all this, the need for bergamot oil for perfumery purposes exceeds the capabilities of Italian Calabria.

In the price lists of 1998, there are several varieties of bergamot oil with a wide range of prices (from 140 to 340 French francs per kilogram. Cheap varieties are most likely obtained from oil production waste or from fallen fruits. Dilution with other citrus oils is not excluded.

The use of bergamot oil in aromatherapy

The effect of bergamot essential oil on the human body: soothing, tonic, antidepressant.

The medicinal properties of bergamot are numerous: it calms, tones, improves memory, helps fight depression, helps with respiratory diseases very well, is an insecticidal agent and an excellent antiseptic.

If for perfumers the main criterion is the smell, then when used in medical purposes requires a decent oil supplier and careful analysis, including UV spectra. Aromatherapy guidelines recommend the use of bergamot oil as an antidepressant, as well as for skin inflammations and the treatment of wounds and cuts. Oil should not be used for massage before a person goes out into the sun. It should be stored when cooled in containers protected from light. info@site. After verification, it will be published on this page.

As a consequence of the above: readers' reviews about the notes of aromas and perfume compositions in which they are used represent their private opinion, which may not coincide with the point of view of the editors of the site. Here you can also see links to shops with offers to buy perfumes with certain notes. It should be noted that the "site" community is a non-commercial project, does not control these trading platforms, has nothing to do with them and, accordingly, disclaims any responsibility for any consequences that may arise in connection with the use of such Internet resources.

Bergamot scent: citrus, bitter and sour, elegant light note, nuances of fruits and aromatic elements reminiscent of cologne, flavorings in Earl Gray tea. Bergamot is sharp and sparkling, but not pungently sour. Its main oils are the floral-fresh linalool and linalyl acetate (unlike lemon, orange or tangerine, which are dominated by cold-sharp limonene). Linalool also gives lavender and coriander their distinct note, so in some ways bergamot has more in common with aromatic herbs than citruses. Imagine a note reminiscent of freshly ground black pepper with a floral freshness - and you get bergamot.
Application: In perfumery, bergamot oil without terpenes is preferably used, as it does not contain bergapten and therefore does not cause phototoxic reactions. Bergamot is one of the most popular notes in a perfumer's palette due to its vibrant character. You'll find it in the lightest colognes and the richest oriental spirits. Bergamot adds sparkle to almost any composition, but it can also be used in significant doses to create a vibrant backdrop for rich woody, spicy or amber scents.
The main aromatic substances with the smell of bergamot:
( ToThe Good Scents Company compendium):
OIL BERGAMOTBERGAMOT OIL (Citrus bergamia oil) Citrus, woody, linalyl acetate, orange. Medium odor strength. Application: up to 4% in K. IFRA: up to 0.4% in the finished product (GP), because phototoxic, the total level of bergapten in consumer (leave-on) products should not exceed 0.0015%.
BERGAMOT OIL WITHOUT BERGAPTENE - BERGAMOT OIL BERGAPTENE FREE Citrus, woody, linalyl acetate, orange, sweet, spicy, green, orange peel with hints of lemon, lime, ginger. Medium odor strength. Substantivity - 8 hours. Application: up to 30% in K.
CITRONELLYL FORMATE Floral, bergamot, cucumber, rose, apricot, peach, plum, sweet, green, waxy, fruity, citrus, mandarin. Medium odor strength. Substance - 40 hours. Concentration up to 5%
LINALYL BUTYRATE Floral, fruity, bergamot, banana, berry, blueberry, pineapple, citrus. Medium odor strength. Application: up to 8% in K.
DIHYDROMYRCENYL ACETATE Citrus, bergamot, lime, lavender. Medium odor strength. Substance - 4 hours. Application: up to 20% in K. In perfumery 1-5%, up to 10% in air fresheners, detergents and household chemicals. An interesting alternative to linalyl acetate.
MYRCENYL ACETATE Citrus, bergamot, lavender, nutmeg, pear, floral, woody, fresh, clean, metallic. Average strength. Substantivity 6 hours Application: up to 20% An excellent component for colognes.
ETHYL LINALYL ACETATE Floral, bergamot, fruity, tropical, rose, pear. Softer than linalyl acetate, more floral, more bergamot, less lavender. Average strength. Substance 16 hours. Application: up to 40% in K. Gives an elegant refreshing effect in flower bouquets.
BERGAMAL Citrus, petitgrain, bergamot, dry, orange, fresh, green, woody, lemon, citronella, verbena. Medium odor strength. Substantivity 6 hours. Concentration up to 10% in K.
CLARITONE®Symrise Herbal, sweet, fresh, green, clary sage, bergamot, petitgrain, peony flowers, grapefruit freshness, tropical, citrus. Medium odor strength. Substantivity - 5 hours Application: up to 8%.
TERPINYL ACETATE Herbal, citrus, bergamot, lavender, lime, spicy, woody, floral, waxy, clean. Medium odor strength. Substantivity - 20 hours. Concentration up to 30% in K.
LINALYL ACETATE Herbal, sweet, green, citrus, bergamot, lavender, floral and spicy with a clean woody, terpene-citrus undertone. Medium odor strength. Substantivity - 20 hours Application: up to 15%. It is used in perfumery as a modifying note, giving a sweet, floral-fruity scent.
LINALYL FORMAT Herbal, citrus, green, bergamot, fruity, rose. Average strength. Application: up to 8% in K. Gives freshness and lift ( lift ) top citrus and lavender notes. Helps combine the fruity character of linalyl acetate with the fatty notes of aldehydes.
LINALYL BENZOATE Floral, broom (willow, willow, broom, broom), tuberose, geneta (civet), bergamot, lily, heather, gardenia, jasmine. Medium odor strength. Substantivity - 12 hours Application: up to 8% in K. It goes well with floral and oriental notes, gives warmth and softness to the compositions.
LINALYL ISOBUTYRATE Fruity, light, fresh, lavender, bergamot, woody, berry, juicy, sweet, citrus, natural. Average strength. Substance - 8 hours Application: up to 8% in K. Increases the top note of many compositions, especially lavender, colognes and fruit mixtures. Its modifying action is also highly valued in various flower bases such as lilac. it's the same useful component in synthetic compositions of bergamot.
LINALYL PROPIONATE Floral, fresh, lavender, bergamot, lily, woody, rose, rum, fruity, slightly citrus. A pronounced fruity nuance distinguishes it from linalyl acetate. Average strength. Substance - 12 hours Application: up to 10% in K. Modern note of bergamot-lavender. Excellent stability and intense clean, fresh character make it ideal for use in functional product fragrances.
ORANGE FLOWER ETHER Citrus, grapefruit, bergamot, orange blossom. Medium odor strength. Substantivity - 4 hours Application: up to 5% in K.
SCLAREOLATE® Firmenich Floral, clary sage, rosewood, bergamot, white flowers, very natural, between linalool and linalyl acetate. Medium odor strength. Application: up to 10% in K. It is used in compositions of white flowers, clary sage and lily of the valley without allergens. Used as linalool, dihydromyrcenol, coranol from low to very high concentrations.
ETHYL LINALOOL Floral, fresh, herbal, rosewood, lavender, bergamot, sweeter and less aggressive than linalool, rich. Medium strength. Substance - 12 hours. Application: up to 40% in K. It is used as well as linalool in various compositions, especially in flower bouquets.



Detailed characteristics of bergamot oils:
Essential oil of bergamot - Bergamot oil
Plant: With itrus bergamia
How to receive: pressing the peel of the fruit: crushing the fruit, followed by separation of the aqueous phase, filtering and cleaning.
Appearance and smell: yellow-greenish liquid with a fruity, sweet, fresh aroma.
Bergamot essential oil free from bergapten - Bergamot oil bergaptene reduced
How to receive: by vacuum rectification method: natural bergamot oil is distilled in vacuum, the distillate is saponified with KOH in aqueous ethanol, the solvent is distilled off, the residue is extracted with cyclohexane, washed with water until neutral, cyclohexane is distilled off, after which bergamot oil free from bergaptens remains.
Appearance and smell: colorless to pale green liquid with a citrus-floral, sweet, spicy, green orange peel odor with hints of lemon, lime and ginger.
Producing countries: Southern Italy (Calabria) and Sicily, Africa (Ivory Coast, Rep. Cote di Voire)
Chemical composition:
Voitkevich:It turned out that the oil contains 175 substances, 26 of which have a concentration of more than 0.1% and in total make up 96% of the total mass of the oil. Unlike other oils from citrus fruit peels, it contains up to 55% of the sum of linalyl acetate and linalool, and it is known that as bergamot ripens, the amount of linalyl acetate increases and linalool decreases. The amount of (+)-limonene is 23-32%, gamma-terpinene 5-11%, citral 0.6%. The presence of sesquiterpenes, including alpha-bergamoten (0.3%) and beta-bisabolene (0.6%), as well as oxygen-containing sesquiterpenoids (nerolidol, farnesol, bisabolols), has a noticeable effect on the smell. The discovery of jasmone in bergamot oil was unexpected (E. Sund et al. Helv. chim. acta 1964, 47, no. 2, 408; H. P. Schenk, D. Lamparsky, Seifen-Ole-Fette-Wachse 1981, 107, no. 13, 363 , RJ-Khim 1982, 6P640; G. Ohioff, Riechstoffe, 1990, p. 137). The presence of bergapten (0.3-0.4%) in oil obtained by cold pressing causes a phototoxic reaction when oil gets on human skin.
"Chromatographic profile" of bergamot oil according to the technical committee TK-54 international organization ISO standards (1997-1998):
Linalyl acetate 22-36%
Linalool 3-15%
Limonene 30-45%
beta-pinene 5.5-9.5%
gamma terpinene 6-10%
Geranial 0.25-0.5%
beta-bisabolene 0.3-0.55%
Source: "Essential oils for perfumery and aromatherapy", Voytkevich S.A., Food industry, 1999, Moscow
Ohloff: Bergamot oil is the only citrus oil in which (+)-limonene (26%) is not the dominant component. The main constituents of the oil are linalool (16%) and linalyl acetate (34%). In addition, 175 additional components were found in the oil, of which 26 (96% of the total volume of the oil) are in concentrations > 0.1%. As with other citrus oils, most components are present in trace amounts. About 120 oil components are mono- and sesquiterpenoids, of which trans-a- bergamotene (0.3%) is the dominant sesquiterpene, and its cis isomer occurs only in trace amounts. Other major sesquiterpenes are caryophyllene (0.2%), germacrene D (0.015%), α-humulene α - humulene (0.04%), β - farnesene (0.03%) and β - bisabolene (0.015%) . Oxygenated derivatives also contribute to the typical scent of bergamot oil. Of the alcohols, it is worth mentioning (-)- guaienol , which was first isolated as a component of pepper oil, (+)- spathulenol , (+)-(R , E )- nerolidol (0.02%), (EE )-farnesol. (+)- a- andβ-bisabolol and santalene hydrate . Other important trace constituents: aldehydesβ-substituted α-methylacrolein such as β-sinensal, lanceal, and bergamotenal. Aldehyde Bergamotenal (with a strong woody smell), which can be easily synthesized from trans-α-bergamotene , have previously been found in oil from costus roots. Important ketones in the composition: (+)- nootkatone, (+)-8,9-didehydronootkatone and camphorenone . Oxidized monoterpenes and even bifunctional derivatives have been found in some structural variants. Also, the minor components of the oil are jasmone, dihydrojasmone, oct-5-en-2-one , as well as coumarin, 1 H-indole and methyl N - methyl anthranilate methylN-methylanthranilate.

What are the properties of oil and the smell of bergamot.

The aroma of bergamot is pleasant, sweet, light, tart, with a balsamic and oily tint, smoky-bitter, mysterious.
Its smell gives confidence, awakens the imagination, opens the door to creativity, fights depression and stress.

Essential little bergamot is obtained from the zest of unripe fruits of bitter orange. First of all, the smell is associated with tea, the famous Earl Grey, but in Lately often they use a synthetic analogue. And the smell of tea leaves gives bergamot a different shade.

But this oil is quite popular due to its ability to create pleasant combinations with various aromas.

Essential oils of bergamot.

Bergamot oil normalizes the work of the gastrointestinal tract: it alleviates the condition with colic, loss of appetite, indigestion. It normalizes blood pressure, relaxes blood vessels, and is indicated for those suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Well moisturizes the skin, reduces the production sebum, tightens pores, therefore it is recommended for oily and sensitive skin and also for oily hair. You can apply 2-3 drops directly on the comb or in a hair mask.

It also perfectly relieves inflammation, so it is used for irritations, acne and fungal skin lesions: 5 drops per 30 ml of almond oil. With herpes, you can lubricate the bubbles with pure oil. It is useful to add 1-5 drops to a face cream, it helps to even out pigmentation. But it's phototoxic, so don't use it before sun exposure.

Due to its antiseptic properties, the oil helps with fever, stomatitis, thrush, inflammation of the urinary tract. For example, with cystitis, you can do sitz baths, in which 7 drops of oil are added. For douching - 4 drops in a glass of water.

Bergamot oil stimulates the immune system, regulates the work thyroid gland activates white blood cells.

It is a good general tonic and antiviral agent. It reduces the temperature during colds. To do this, put a cool compress on the calves of the legs (4 drops of essential oil per 50 ml of base oil).

Use with caution during pregnancy and epilepsy.

Great mood scent.

Bergamot is an excellent remedy for stress and depression, which can bring the most hardened pessimists back to life. The smell, gently flowing from the aroma lamp, will give you the feeling of a medieval carnival. It awakens fantasy, brightens thoughts and feelings, fills with solar active energy.

It gives success to any good undertaking, perfectly tones up, uplifts the mood, improves sociability, and makes it easy to overcome difficulties. It helps fight insecurity, indecision, fatigue and aggression. Relieves stress, improves memory, balances.

Bergamot essential oil enhances male power, therefore it is used for erotic massage, alone or in combination with other esters (5-7 drops per 15 ml base). This is a sensual courtly fragrance that enhances desire. Therefore, it is often used in perfumery.

The scent of bergamot blends well with others. citrus scents- orange, tangerine, lime, and is often used in perfumery as part of.

By the way, it is believed that the smell of bergamot was a component of the first cologne in the world.

The article will tell about how perfumes with the scent of bergamot can affect a person's well-being. It will also describe the most popular brands perfume with the scent of bergamot.

Bergamot is a blend of lemon and a special variety of orange. It blooms with white flowers, filling the space around it with the finest, delicate smell. Bergamot is native to Morocco, but it is also found in other countries with a warm climate.

There is a legend that perfume with the scent of bergamot was first invented by Napoleon. And this happened at the time when he was exiled to the island of St. Helena. The biggest problem for Napoleon then was the lack of perfumery. Moreover, if we also take into account the fact that he was used to pouring up to twelve liters of toilet water on himself in just one day, then this problem was quite large-scale for him. His suffering reached the point of insanity. And then he decided to make a perfume on his own. The former emperor coped with this task more than successfully. In addition, he did not repeat after perfumers, but invented his own perfume, using previously unknown bergamot.

For the first time, the aromatic effect of bergamot was discovered only when the plant appeared in Italy. Despite the fact that the plant now grows in different countries, bergamot from Calabria (province in Italy) is considered the best. You can extract bergamot oil from the leaves of the plant, its flowers, fruits (which are not edible), the peel of the fruit. Quite widely, bergamot oil is used in medicine, cosmetology, and aromatherapy. Why is this product so attractive?

From a medical point of view, bergamot oil has an antispasmodic effect, improves digestion, and promotes concentration. In addition, perfumes with notes of bergamot enhance erotic appeal, give impetus to imagination and fantasy. There is an opinion that the aroma of bergamot can neutralize the hostile energy of people. Among other things, bergamot oil with emotional exhaustion can have a relaxing and calming effect, or vice versa, tonic and exciting.

The action of the oil depends on the needs of the body. For those who decide to quit smoking, the smell of bergamot will also help soften the withdrawal process. In the moments when patience runs out and habit takes over, just sniff a vial of oil. It is also believed that bergamot is an excellent antidepressant. But in some cases it is really necessary. For example, in autumn and winter. Therefore, instead of making an appointment with a psychoanalyst and spending a lot of money and a lot of time on it, it is better to buy bergamot oil and enjoy peace of mind.

In perfumery, bergamot is considered one of the the best flavors. Most often it is used in base notes. Bergamot is able to give the perfume a delicate, seductive bitterness and a special flavor filled with freshness. Bergamot goes well with grapefruit, mandarin, musk, lemon, rosemary, neroli, orange. These combinations allow you to recreate enchanting miniatures that allow you to feel an emotional surge, cheerfulness and cheer up.

To feel comfortable in any environment, just use a drop of perfume, which contains bergamot. For example, toilet water for men "Intimately Beckham". This sophisticated woody-spicy fragrance exudes sensuality, thus awakening a thirst for adventure and a fulfilling life. The owner of the fragrance is an ambitious young man, passionate, elegant, endowed with an unsurpassed charisma that no woman can resist. The glass bottle of eau de toilette is quite massive, made in the shape of a cube and filled with a fragrant liquid of a delicate honey hue. The lid is transparent, the atomizer is perfectly visible through it. The composition of Intimately Beckham attracts notes of bewitching bergamot, spicy cardamom and sparkling grapefruit. The "heart" of the perfume delights with notes of violet, nutmeg and star anise. The composition is completed by a stunning, magical trail of patchouli, sandalwood and amber.

Of the women's fragrances with a hint of bergamot, Christian Dior J "adore perfume (I adore) cannot be overlooked. This is truly the fragrance of a woman in love. The fragrance was created about ten years ago by Kelis Becker, but still has not lost its attractiveness. Advertising Christian Dior J "adore represents a golden-haired girl bathing in liquid gold. This perfume is the personification of joy, luxury, feminine tenderness. It sets off romance and femininity, and also emphasizes love and feminine beauty. The bottle is shaped like a Greek amphora, the elongated neck of which is trimmed with golden-white rings. At the tip of the cap is a matte pearl. The fragrance includes many various shades. The perfume composition consists of initial notes of hampaca, ivy leaves, magnolia flowers, mandarin, peony, peach, bergamot, melon, pear. The "heart" of the perfume includes shades of black rose, white violet, star magnolia, orchid, lily of the valley and freesia. The aroma is completed by nutmeg rose, cedar, damask plum, sandalwood, vanilla, jasmine, amaranth tree, blackberry musk.

Another one Eau de Toilette for women, about which it is impossible not to say - this is "Baroque". Perfume released by Fragonard (France). This fragrance is the quintessence of the real french chic and luxury. The initial note of the fragrance is a rose - tender, light, inexperienced. The "heart" of the composition is represented by bergamot, tea rose, vanilla, musk, saffron, Bulgarian rose, woody tones. All these fragrances harmoniously merge with each other and leave a persistent delightful trail, enveloping the owner with an aura of magical attraction and sensuality.

It should be noted that the perfumed waters of the unisex category. One of these is "Azure Lime" from the American company Tom Ford. The fragrance was created just a couple of years ago, but gained popularity among both sexes almost instantly. Intertwined in a bewitching scent minty freshness, spice of rosemary and juniper, brightness of citrus fruits. The enchanting notes of the perfume make you plunge into the atmosphere of the exotic, transport yourself to the humid forests, smelling of moss, spicy lime and delicate flowers. And all this splendor is permeated with sparkling, joyful, sunbeams. The composition includes bergamot, rosemary, woody shades, citrus fruits, juniper, lime, neroli, sandalwood, blackcurrant, tonka bean, moss, orris root, fennel, violet leaves.

In conclusion, it should be said that any smells, including the aroma of bergamot, are good only if they are used in moderation. Then they cheer up both the owner and others.

Bergamot (lat. Citrus bergamia), or bergamot orange, is a plant of the orange subfamily (Aurantiaceae) of the rue family (Rutaceae).

Sometimes bergamot is considered not an independent species, but a variety of orange. Bergamot is grown mainly as an essential oil crop. Bergamot oil is obtained from the peel of its pear-shaped golden-yellow fruits, falling unripe fruits (“orange nuts”), flowers, leaves and young shoots. Subsequently, the oil is used in perfumery and in the production of flavored tea.
This plant can be found only on one of the Italian coasts, where it grows in its original form. True, the creator of bergamot - the man who crossed the orange and orange, and as a result received a wonderful evergreen plant with a great aroma, is also Italian. The Italians are very proud of these trees growing near the city of Bergamo, because only the soil and climate of this place allow growing fruits with the brightest and richest aroma.
Bergamot oil includes linalyl acetate, limonene and linalol. It has a delicate green color, has a pleasant fresh aroma and is considered the best of the essential oils obtained from citrus fruits. Also called bergamot candy honey color, square, with a taste of bergamot, first produced in Nantes in 1850 and since then have been a symbol of this city.
Aroma: fresh, citrus, light spicy-balsamic.
Today, the Bergamo orange is cultivated exclusively for its peeled fruit, which is a source of valuable essential oil. Its delightful fresh aroma has made it a national favorite. Bergamot essential oil is obtained by cold pressing from the multi-layered peel of the fruit, from the flowers and leaves of this plant. Repeated attempts were made to mechanize the process, but still oil best quality obtained by hand pressing. Almost everyone loves the deliciously fresh citrus scent of bergamot. Exit finished product very small, so the oil is highly valued. To obtain 1 kg of essential oil, 150-200 kg of fresh fruit peel is needed.

It is believed that French perfumers were the first to learn how to use bergamot, wanting to give perfume a lively aroma.

According to other sources, bergamot was first used in Italy, creating cologne based on its essential oil, and this happened back in the 14th century, in one of the Florentine monasteries.

Until the second half of the 17th century, no one could find out the secret of making "aqua regina" - "royal water", although many tried. And only an apothecary from Cologne managed to do this, so today most people think that the cologne - "Eau De Cologne", "Cologne water" - really first appeared in this city.

As you can see, the history of bergamot in human society began with its use in the production of perfumes - an area where it is successfully used today. Rather, bergamot oil is used in perfumery and cosmetology, and very widely.

In southern Italy, bergamot is still grown today: it grows well there, because it loves warmth and humidity. Other regions where it also grows, although in somewhat smaller quantities, are China, India, the countries of the Black Sea coast, and the Caucasus.

The bergamot tree can reach 10 meters in height and its branches are thorny; but when the tree blossoms, its flowers are very beautiful, and their smell is simply wonderful. The tree bears fruit from early autumn to winter, like many citrus fruits, and the cut bergamot fruit looks like a lemon or orange.

It must be said that bergamot is most often grown specifically to obtain essential oil: it is obtained not only from the peel of fruits, but also from flowers, leaves and even young shoots of plants.

Bergamot is a hybrid of a special variety of orange and lemon. Bergamot blooms beautifully with white fragrant flowers, filling the surrounding space with a delicate delicate scent. The birthplace of this plant is Morocco, but bergamot has also successfully taken root in the countries of the Black Sea coast, in China, in the Caucasus, in West Africa. Bergamot loves a warm, humid climate, it does not tolerate frost at all, even at 0 ° C the plant dies. Bergamot oil is used in medicine, aromatherapy, cosmetology. It is highly valued in perfumery. Most often, bergamot is used in the initial notes. It gives the perfume a special fresh flavor, gentle and seductive bitterness. Bergamot oil goes well with orange, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, neroli, musk and rosemary. The combination of these components allows you to create enchanting miniatures that cheer up, give vivacity and emotional uplift. IN pure form Bergamot oil has a fragrant sweet smell.

Bergamot, rosemary and musk. Deep feelings.

"003", unisex eau de parfum by Alexa Lixfeld, Germany, published in 2010

The aroma of tenderness, deep feelings and, as if veiled by a light haze, intoxicating notes of passion. Spicy spices excite the imagination, sweet vanilla gives bliss, and rosemary and bergamot envelop grassy freshness, a fog of coolness and moisture. Perfume is impossible to forget, its amazing shades can only be admired. The composition also includes patchouli, pepper, cinnamon.

Azure Lime, unisex eau de parfum by Tom Ford, America, 2010

Bright citrus tones, freshness of mint and spicy hints of juniper and rosemary are intertwined in this exquisite fragrance. Its enchanting notes will plunge into the atmosphere of summer and exotic. You will definitely be transported to the magnificent wet forests, where it smells of moss, delicate flowers, and spicy lime. And all this greatness is permeated with the sun's rays - joyful, sparkling. Do not deny yourself the pleasure of experiencing luxurious emotions, lime mood. The perfume contains bergamot, citrus, rosemary, basil, lime, juniper berries, fennel, violet leaves, flowers, wood tones, neroli, moss, black currant, sandalwood, orris root and tonka bean.

Balenciaga Paris Eau de Parfum for Women by Balenciaga, France, 2010

The aroma is pure and gentle, as before Summer morning Paris. On satin female skin beautifully opens with a light transparent freshness, a delightful powdery violet. The melody of the perfume is unobtrusive and evokes pleasant emotions a real aesthetic experience. The perfume contains bergamot, violet, spices, pepper, cloves, cedar, vetiver, patchouli, labdanum, oakmoss and musk.

Baroque Eau De Toilette for Women by Fragonard, France

Aroma "Baroque" is the quintessence of luxury and true French chic. The tempting motifs of a rose are woven into the outline of the story of this perfume - delicate, fragrant, light. All notes are harmoniously combined in a persistent delightful trail that envelops a woman with notes of seduction and charm, leaves with her every step, with every movement an aura of sensuality, magical attraction. The composition contains bergamot, Bulgarian rose, tea rose, ginger, wood tones, vanilla, saffron and musk.

"Charme", eau de parfum for women from La Perla, Italy, year of publication 2006

And again, lace is in the spotlight. main theme perfume is precisely this seductive fabric. Note by note, they intertwine into a sensual, light, amazing composition. The Charme woman is always in the center of attention, she manages to conquer men, fulfill her dream of beauty and attractiveness, and demonstrate to everyone around her what real perfume aesthetics is. Such are the virtues of an incomparable miniature. The composition contains bergamot, rose, jasmine, lotus, blackcurrant, dope, vanilla, cedar, amber and musk.

"Giselle", eau de parfum for women by Carla Fracci, Italy, year of publication 2011

A light, airy fragrance that will envelop gentle and fresh flowers. With the perfume "Giselle" it's so easy to feel like a queen, to whom everything is subject. Sensual breath of notes will decorate the day, fill it special meaning and charm, will give a lot of pleasant moments and emotions. The composition contains bergamot, fruit, orange blossom, freesia, rose, violet, tuberose, lily of the valley, sandalwood, cedar and musk.