Discourse on environmental issues. Ecological problems

Introduction

Methods for cleaning gas emissions into the atmosphere

At present, a large number of different methods for cleaning gases from technical pollution have been developed and tested in industry: NOx, SO2, H2S, NH3, carbon monoxide, various organic and inorganic substances.

There are the following methods of cleaning gas emissions into the atmosphere: absorption method, oxidation method, catalytic oxidation,

adsorption-catalytic method, adsorption-oxidation method.

Let's take a closer look at each method of cleaning gas emissions and the advantages and disadvantages.

Absorption is the process of dissolving a gaseous component in a liquid solvent. The liquid is used for absorption only once, or it is regenerated, releasing the pollutant into pure form. Schemes with a single use of the absorber are used in cases where absorption leads directly to obtaining finished product or an intermediate (for example, absorption of NH3 by water to obtain ammonia water, etc.). Schemes with repeated use of the absorber (cyclic processes) are more common. They are used for capturing hydrocarbons, purification of flue gases from thermal power plants from SO2, purification of ventilation gases from hydrogen sulfide by the iron-soda method with the production of elemental sulfur, monoethanolamine purification of gases from CO2 in the nitrogen industry.

The adsorption method is one of the most common means of protecting the air basin from pollution. In the United States alone, tens of thousands of adsorption systems have been introduced and successfully operated. The main industrial adsorbents are activated carbons, complex oxides and impregnated sorbents. Activated carbon (AC) is neutral with respect to polar and nonpolar molecules of adsorbed compounds. It is less selective than many other sorbents and is one of the few suitable for use in wet gas streams. Activated carbon is used, in particular, to purify gases from foul-smelling substances, recover solvents, etc. Oxide adsorbents (OA) have a higher selectivity with respect to polar molecules due to their own inhomogeneous distribution of the electric potential. Their disadvantage is the decrease in efficiency in the presence of moisture. The OA class includes silica gels, synthetic zeolites, aluminum oxide. Adsorption methods are one of the most common methods of gas purification in industry. Their use allows a number of valuable compounds to be returned to production. At impurity concentrations in gases of more than 2-5 mg/m3, purification is even cost-effective. The main disadvantage of the adsorption method is the high energy consumption of the stages of desorption and subsequent separation, which greatly complicates its application for multicomponent mixtures.

Thermal afterburning is a method of neutralizing gases by thermal oxidation of various harmful substances, mainly organic, into practically harmless or less harmful, mainly CO2 and H2O. Typical post-combustion temperatures for most compounds are in the range of 750 - 1200 oC. The use of thermal afterburning methods makes it possible to achieve 99% gas purification. When considering the possibility and expediency of thermal neutralization, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the resulting combustion products. Combustion products of gases containing sulfur, halogen, and phosphorus compounds can exceed the initial gas emission in terms of toxicity. In this case, additional cleaning is required. Thermal afterburning is very effective in neutralizing gases containing toxic substances in the form of solid inclusions of organic origin (soot, carbon particles, wood dust, etc.). Thermal methods are widely used to purify exhaust gases from toxic combustible compounds. The post-combustion plants developed in recent years are distinguished by their compactness and low energy consumption. The use of thermal methods is effective for afterburning dust of multicomponent and dusty exhaust gases.

Thermal catalytic gas cleaning methods are versatile. With their help, it is possible to release gases from oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, various organic compounds, carbon monoxide and other toxic impurities. Catalytic methods make it possible to convert harmful impurities into harmless, less harmful and even beneficial ones. They make it possible to process multicomponent gases with low initial concentrations of harmful impurities, to achieve high degrees cleaning, keep the process continuous, avoid the formation of secondary pollutants. The use of catalytic methods is most often limited by the difficulty of finding and fabricating catalysts suitable for long-term operation and sufficiently cheap. Heterogeneous catalytic conversion of gaseous impurities is carried out in a reactor loaded with a solid catalyst in the form of porous granules, rings, balls or blocks with a structure close to honeycomb. The chemical transformation takes place in the developed inner surface catalysts, reaching 1000 m2/g. The most effective catalysts that are used in practice are the most various substances- from minerals, which are used almost without any pre-treatment, and simple massive metals to complex compounds of a given composition and structure. Typically, catalytic activity is exhibited by solids with ionic or metallic bonds, which have strong interatomic fields. One of the main requirements for a catalyst is the stability of its structure under the reaction conditions. For example, metals should not be converted into inactive compounds during the reaction. Modern neutralization catalysts are characterized by high activity and selectivity, mechanical strength and resistance to poisons and temperatures. Industrial catalysts made in the form of rings and honeycomb blocks have low hydrodynamic resistance and high external specific surface. The main direction in the development of thermocatalytic methods is the creation of cheap catalysts that operate efficiently at low temperatures and resistant to various poisons, as well as the development of energy-saving technological processes with low capital costs for equipment. Thermal catalytic methods are most widely used in the purification of gases from nitrogen oxides, the neutralization and utilization of various sulfur compounds, the neutralization of organic compounds and CO. For concentrations below 1 g/m3 and large volumes of gases to be purified, the use of the thermal catalytic method requires high energy a large number catalyst.

Ozone methods are used to neutralize flue gases from SO2 (NOx) and deodorize gas emissions from industrial enterprises. The introduction of ozone accelerates the oxidation of NO to NO2 and SO2 to SO3. After the formation of NO2 and SO3, ammonia is introduced into the flue gases and a mixture of the formed complex fertilizers (ammonium sulfate and nitrate) is isolated. The contact time of the gas with ozone required for purification from SO2 (80-90%) and NOx (70-80%) is 0.4 - 0.9 sec. Energy consumption for gas purification by the ozone method is estimated at 4-4.5% of the equivalent capacity of the power unit, which is, apparently, the main reason hindering industrial application. this method. The use of ozone for the deodorization of gas emissions is based on the oxidative decomposition of foul-smelling substances. In one group of methods, ozone is injected directly into the gases to be purified, in the other, the gases are washed with pre-ozonated water. The subsequent passage of ozonized gas through the layer is also used. activated carbon or feeding it to the catalyst. When ozone is introduced and the gas is subsequently passed through the catalyst, the transformation temperature of such substances as amines, acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, etc. decreases to 60-80 oC. Both Pt, Al2O3 and supported oxides of copper, cobalt, and iron are used as a catalyst. The main application of ozone deodorization methods is found in the purification of gases that are released during the processing of raw materials of animal origin in meat (fat) plants and in everyday life.

Biochemical purification methods are based on the ability of microorganisms to destroy and transform various compounds. The decomposition of substances occurs under the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms in the environment of the gases to be purified. With frequent changes in the gas composition, microorganisms do not have time to adapt to produce new enzymes, and the degree of destruction of harmful impurities becomes incomplete. Therefore, biochemical systems are most suitable for cleaning gases of constant composition. Biochemical gas cleaning is carried out either in biofilters or in bioscrubbers. In biofilters, the gas to be purified is passed through a layer of packing irrigated with water, which creates humidity sufficient to support the vital activity of microorganisms. The surface of the nozzle is covered with a biologically active biofilm (BP) of microorganisms. BP microorganisms in the course of their life activity absorb and destroy substances contained in the gaseous medium, resulting in an increase in their mass. The cleaning efficiency is largely determined by the mass transfer from the gas phase to the BP and the uniform distribution of gas in the packing layer. Such filters are used, for example, for air deodorization. In this case, the gas stream to be cleaned is filtered in co-current conditions with an irrigated liquid containing nutrients. After the filter, the liquid enters the settling tanks and then re-supplied for irrigation. Currently, biofilters are used to purify exhaust gases from ammonia, phenol, cresol, formaldehyde, organic solvents of paint and drying lines, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and other organic sulfur compounds. The disadvantages of biochemical methods include: low rate of biochemical reactions, which increases the size of the equipment; specificity (high selectivity) of strains of microorganisms, which makes it difficult to process multicomponent mixtures; the complexity of processing mixtures of variable composition.

The plasma-chemical method is based on passing an air mixture with harmful impurities through a high-voltage discharge. As a rule, ozonizers based on barrier, corona or sliding discharges, or pulsed high-frequency discharges on electrostatic precipitators are used. Air with impurities passing through the low-temperature plasma is bombarded by electrons and ions. As a result, atomic oxygen, ozone, hydroxyl groups, excited molecules and atoms are formed in the gaseous medium, which participate in plasma-chemical reactions with harmful impurities. The main directions for the application of this method are to remove SO2, NOx and organic compounds. The use of ammonia, when neutralizing SO2 and NOx, gives powdered fertilizers (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NH3 at the outlet after the reactor, which are filtered.

The disadvantage of this method is: insufficiently complete decomposition of harmful substances to water and carbon dioxide, in the case of oxidation of organic components, at acceptable discharge energies, the presence of residual ozone, which must be thermally or catalytically decomposed, a significant dependence on dust concentration when using ozone generators using a barrier discharge.

The plasma catalytic method is quite new way cleaning, which uses two well-known methods - plasma-chemical and catalytic. Installations based on this method consist of two stages. The first is a plasma-chemical reactor (ozonator), the second is a catalytic reactor. Gaseous pollutants, passing through the high-voltage discharge zone in gas-discharge cells and interacting with electrosynthesis products, are destroyed and converted into harmless compounds, up to CO2 and H2O. The depth of conversion (purification) depends on the value of the specific energy released in the reaction zone. After the plasma-chemical reactor, the air is subjected to final fine purification in a catalytic reactor. The ozone synthesized in the gas discharge of the plasma-chemical reactor enters the catalyst, where it immediately decomposes into active atomic and molecular oxygen. Remains of pollutants (active radicals, excited atoms and molecules) that are not destroyed in the plasma-chemical reactor are destroyed on the catalyst due to deep oxidation with oxygen.

The advantage of this method is the use of catalytic reactions at temperatures lower (40-100oC) than with the thermal catalytic method, which leads to an increase in the service life of catalysts, as well as to lower energy costs (at concentrations of harmful substances up to 0.5 g/m3.) .

The disadvantages of this method are: a large dependence on dust concentration, the need for pre-treatment to a concentration of 3-5 mg/m3, at high concentrations of harmful substances (over 1 g/m3), the cost of equipment and operating costs exceed the corresponding costs in comparison with the thermal catalytic method.

The photocatalytic method for the oxidation of organic compounds is now widely studied and developed. Basically, catalysts based on TiO2 are used, which are irradiated with ultraviolet light. Known household air purifiers of the Japanese company "Daikin" using this method. The disadvantage of this method is the clogging of the catalyst with the reaction products. To solve this problem, the introduction of ozone into the mixture to be purified is used, however this technology applicable for a limited composition of organic compounds and at low concentrations.

Conclusion

After considering all the methods of cleaning gas emissions into the atmosphere, I would like to conclude that, for the full purification of gas emissions, combined methods are appropriate, in which the combination of coarse, medium and fine purification of gases and vapors that is optimal for each specific case is used. At first, when the content of toxic impurities is very high, absorption methods are more suitable, and adsorption or catalytic methods are more suitable for post-treatment.

The most reliable and most economical way to protect the biosphere from harmful gas emissions is the transition to waste-free production, or waste-free technologies. The term "wasteless technology" was first proposed by Academician N.N. Semenov. It implies the creation of optimal technological systems with closed material and energy flows. This production should not have sewage, harmful emissions into the atmosphere and solid waste and should not consume water from natural reservoirs.

Of course, the concept of "non-waste production" is somewhat arbitrary; this is an ideal production model, since in real conditions it is impossible to completely eliminate waste and get rid of the impact of production on the environment. More precisely, such systems should be called low-waste systems, giving minimal emissions, in which damage to natural ecosystems will be minimal.

In the 21st century, several main directions for the protection of the biosphere have been identified, which ultimately lead to the creation of waste-free technologies:

1) development and implementation of fundamentally new technological processes and systems operating in a closed cycle, allowing to exclude the formation of the main amount of waste;

2) creation of drainless technological systems and water circulation cycles based on the most effective methods wastewater treatment;

3) processing of production and consumption waste as secondary raw materials;

4) creation of territorial-industrial complexes with a closed structure of material flows of raw materials and waste within the complex.

The development and implementation of fundamentally new technological processes and systems operating in a closed cycle, which make it possible to exclude the formation of the main amount of waste, is the main direction of technical progress.

The time is already coming when the world can suffocate if Man does not come to the aid of Nature. Only Man has ecological talent - to contain the world clean.

Bibliography

1.Belov S.V. "Life safety" M .: Higher school, 1999

2. Danilov-Danilyan V.I. " Ecological problems: what is happening, who is to blame and what to do? M.: MNEPU, 1997

3. Danilov-Danilyan V.I. "Ecology, nature conservation and environmental safety" M.: MNEPU, 1997

4. Protasov V.F. "Ecology, health and environmental protection in Russia", Moscow: Finance and statistics, 1999

5. Kozlov A.I., Vershubskaya G.G. "Medical Anthropology of the Indigenous Population of the North of Russia" M.: MNEPU, 1999

Essay on the topic "Environmental problems of our time"

The development of mankind and the progress of science and technology today do not go smoothly. It does not happen so far that people have comfort and convenience without problems. And the most important issues that accompany our development are environmental troubles. That is, events that occur in the natural environment around us.

First and most serious problem ecology today is the pollution of water, air and soil by industrial waste. Nice to eat with a spoon of stainless steel, but in order to smelt these spoons, a factory without treatment facilities operates in some Chinese city. The smog of this plant covers a city of one million every other day, and residents put protective respirators on their faces.

The second serious problem on Earth is the depletion of the ozone layer and global warming, which leads to floods and natural disasters. Scientists again see the reason for this in the constant burning of fuel by mankind - oil, coal and gas for their needs. One metallurgical plant, for example, is able to change the climate in the locality where it is located, because every day it “heats” the atmosphere and releases gases into it, which creates a mini-greenhouse on the Earth on a space scale.

Among the environmental problems of our time is also the mass extinction of animal and plant species. It is also important to include the threat of large-scale man-made disasters. After the famous disaster at a chemical plant in Bhopal, India, which claimed thousands of lives, the press wrote that each employee of the ill-fated plant actually fed several unemployed adult residents of the city with their earnings. The inhabitants of Bhopal therefore treated the work of the plant with great respect and even reverence. They would not agree to the closure of dangerous production, because otherwise they would have nothing to live on.

Environmental problems are solvable, and they are solved by replacing technologies, modernizing them, improving production methods for cleaner and safer ones. This is where scientists come to the rescue. Why don't people solve environmental problems together? So far, developing (or is it worth using the word “backward”?) countries endure production that is harmful to everyone around because of the small salary with which the worker of this production seeks to save his family from starvation. The main profits end up in the hands of owners who are focused on enrichment, and rarely see the economic benefit in making production environmentally friendly. Usually, only the threat of a large government fine for environmental pollution can force the owner of a plant or factory to renovate it.

“The problem of ecology” is an essay that is often asked to write to children at school. This is very correct, because when boys and girls express their thoughts, they begin to understand the importance of the problem of poor ecology and learn how to help nature preserve beauty and purity.

Contemporary Issues ecology is wide-ranging. Misuse of natural resources and the issue of environmental conservation concern everyone. That is why there will be no problems in writing such an essay. This topic inexhaustible.

What you need to talk about in the essay "Modern problems of ecology"

When a son or daughter was asked to write a story about the problems of nature at home, the child should be prompted about what exactly to express thoughts in the essay. You can write about the following issues:

• How to behave so as not to pollute the environment.
• What actions should be excluded so as not to spoil the world around you.
• How can humans affect the environment?
• Why is the problem of ecology such a massive problem.

These are just some of the questions that can be covered in the essay. In fact, a lot of options can be written on the topic “The problem of ecology”. The essay must be written in the correct order. This should help your son or daughter.

The plan of the composition "Problems of ecology in the world"

Parents need to turn on their imagination and help their child write an essay beautifully and competently. "The problem of ecology" - an essay that should be written with experiences and ideas of environmental conservation. This will help the plan, which may be as follows:

• Introduction. Here it is necessary to describe the problem of ecology in general terms.
• Main part. This piece of the task should be divided into subparagraphs. They may be as follows:

Why is the environment bad in the world?

How do humans contribute to environmental pollution?

What specific actions will help prevent an environmental catastrophe.

• Conclusion. In this column of the essay, you need to briefly talk about the fact that it is possible to save nature if each person thinks about this issue and does everything possible for this.

Such a plan will help the child present the topic in detail and receive high marks and praise from the teacher.

Essay about environmental problems for elementary grades

Similar tasks can be given even to children of the first grades. After all, the “problem of ecology” is an essay about an issue that concerns everyone, both adults and children. Examples include the following stories:

I often watch programs with my dad that our planet is polluted. This program tells how to behave in order to preserve nature. And I really want to help our environment be cleaner.

Many people are irresponsible about everything. That is why the problems with the environment do not stop. Even a piece of paper thrown on the ground is another step towards disaster. Therefore, you need to clean up after yourself in the park or in the forest. There are also trash cans. different kind waste. For example, we have a container for glass and plastic in our yard. By properly disposing of garbage, we also help to preserve nature.

We have a chance to save the planet for future generations, but it is necessary that every person on the globe make at least a small contribution to a common important cause.

It is very unpleasant for me that not everyone is concerned about the problem of polluted environment.

People are irresponsible to nature without even realizing it.

• Garbage left uncollected in the forest.
• Candy wrapper thrown to the ground.
• Taps from which water flows non-stop.
• Careless attitude towards nature.
• Smoking.
• Work of factories.

All this has a negative impact on the environment. If every person at least sometimes thought about their actions, the world around us would be a little better.

Such essays are quite suitable for first grade students. Of course, each child will be able to make their own ideas and adjustments to this creative task.

Essay about environmental problems for high school

children high school they may also be asked to write a story on the topic "Ecology". USE essay- this is a serious task, on which the final grade may depend, so it must be approached with responsibility. Children of this age can write more complex turns and phrases. The following ideas can be taken as an example:

Everyone knows that there are environmental problems in our land. This trouble has been developing for a long time, so it is quite difficult to return the primary state to the ecological system.

Humanity with my own hands destroys nature, not paying attention to the global nature of this problem. There are many factors that influence air pollution.

Careless attitude towards nature. People cut down trees, break branches for a fire. At the same time, few people think about how detrimental these actions are to the environment.

Garbage not removed after resting in the forest is also a huge problem. Even a small wrapper completely decomposes for several years. Collected in a garbage bag and placed in a container, waste will help to properly dispose of them.

Throwing garbage into water bodies is also a big problem. Waste violate natural conditions in which the inhabitants of the reservoir live, that is, fish, birds.

Smoking pollutes the air. If a person does not feel sorry for the environment, then it is worth thinking about the scale of the problem. In addition, an unextinguished cigarette butt can cause a fire.

As you can see, environmental problems in which a person takes direct involvement, enough. If every person, at least sometimes, will think about how to preserve the environment, then a catastrophe can be avoided.

Kozlenko Alexey

EARTH IS OUR HOME!

Each person has the ability to perceive his environment. From the first days of his life, he sees life around him and perceives not only good, but also bad. Nature has a positive effect on him. A clean environment has a positive effect on the health of all mankind. But a person learns not only to perceive the world around him, but also to preserve its original beauty. Each person must understand that to remain indifferent when nature is polluted means to spoil one's own life.

In our lives, we often do not notice that we harm the environment in some way. Sometimes we just do it automatically. A person must always be responsible for his actions, and here we leave a lot unanswered.

Plants were the first thing that appeared on our planet. Without them, there would be no life, no people. So why do people so carelessly destroy them? Do they really not understand that by doing this they harm not only the planet, but also themselves?! We must not forget that plants are the lungs of our planet, and no one can live without lungs. It is they who endow us with the most important wealth - air. In ecosystems, plants are an indispensable element. And despite this, every year hundreds of forest and steppe fires destroy vegetation. Often this happens through the fault of a person. In addition, people pollute both the air and the soil.

Because of the atmosphere - the air shell of the Earth - our planet is called blue. From

space, she looks so fantastically beautiful. Not on any planet solar system there is no such air environment as on Earth. The atmosphere consists of ozone, carbon dioxide and only one percent of all other gases.

With the development of industry and the advent of new technologies, emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere are increasing. Each time their number in the atmosphere grows. This leads to the formation of a greenhouse effect, which means it harms the planet and threatens to extinction for all mankind.

Water is also polluted with various pesticides. From this, fish and various aquatic animals die, the ecosystem of rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans is disrupted. The soil is polluted household waste. In all cities, even in small villages, there are dumps of unnecessary garbage that are not cleaned. Many people don't respond to it. Who will take care of our planet, if not ourselves? And I believe that we need to take an active part in the protection and protection of everything that nature gives us.

This is how we children see the world. And not all of us are indifferent to the above problems. Let's protect our common planet together and remember that the Earth is our home!

In every branch, in every leaf,

Even in the most distant star

In a field unsightly flower -

Everywhere I see life on Earth.

This life in bright sunshine

In the blue talking stream,

And on our happy planet

We meet her everywhere.

We see everything with our own eyes

Can't live without nature!

And we need to protect it with you,

No one can destroy!

I want the air to be clean

Blue water in the river

So that everything in the world is radiant,

May the sun always shine!

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EARTH IS OUR HOME!

Each person has the ability to perceive his environment. From the first days of his life, he sees life around him and perceives not only good, but also bad. Nature has a positive effect on him. A clean environment has a positive effect on the health of all mankind. But a person learns not only to perceive the world around him, but also to preserve its original beauty. Each person must understand that to remain indifferent when nature is polluted means to spoil one's own life.

In our lives, we often do not notice that we harm the environment in some way. Sometimes we just do it automatically. A person must always be responsible for his actions, and here we leave a lot unanswered.

Plants were the first thing that appeared on our planet. Without them, there would be no life, no people. So why do people so carelessly destroy them? Do they really not understand that by doing this they harm not only the planet, but also themselves?! We must not forget that plants are the lungs of our planet, and no one can live without lungs. It is they who endow us with the most important wealth - air. In ecosystems, plants are an indispensable element. And despite this, every year hundreds of forest and steppe fires destroy vegetation. Often this happens through the fault of a person. In addition, people pollute both the air and the soil.

Because of the atmosphere - the air shell of the Earth - our planet is called blue. From

space, she looks so fantastically beautiful. No other planet in the solar system has such an air environment as on Earth. The atmosphere consists of ozone, carbon dioxide and only one percent of all other gases.

With the development of industry and the advent of new technologies, emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere are increasing. Each time their number in the atmosphere grows. This leads to the formation of a greenhouse effect, which means it harms the planet and threatens to extinction for all mankind.

Water is also polluted with various pesticides. From this, fish and various aquatic animals die, the ecosystem of rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans is disrupted. The soil is polluted with household waste. In all cities, even in small villages, there are dumps of unnecessary garbage that are not cleaned. Many people don't respond to it. Who will take care of our planet, if not ourselves? And I believe that we need to take an active part in the protection and protection of everything that nature gives us.

This is how we children see the world. And not all of us are indifferent to the above problems. Let's protect our common planet together and remember that the Earth is our home!

In every branch, in every leaf,

Even in the most distant star

In a field unsightly flower -

Everywhere I see life on Earth.

This life in bright sunshine

In the blue talking stream,

And on our happy planet

We meet her everywhere.

We see everything with our own eyes

Can't live without nature!

And we need to protect it with you,

No one can destroy!

I want the air to be clean

Blue water in the river

So that everything in the world is radiant,

May the sun always shine!

We have to talk about the environment in our century every day. Unfortunately, despite the struggle with trouble, problems are becoming more and more. An essay on the topic "Ecology" will help any person imagine what can be done. This article contains essay options. After all, they can ask such a topic on any subject that is related to the environment.

Ecology in the past

Back in the 18th century, when industry was just beginning to make serious progress, humanity thought little about the consequences. People rode horses, later bicycles appeared. Equestrian began to exist Railway. But as a "locomotive" there were horses. Naturally, everything was environmentally friendly. The only thing that could not give rest is the noise.

School essays about ecology and the relationship of man to nature are very important. The state of the world around us in 20, 50, 100 years depends on the future generation. Before solving the current problem, it is better to plunge into the past. Help classic literature, where the authors describe the environment of their time, the Menaion and the Bible.

In any of these books you can read that people enjoyed the beauty of nature, the singing of birds, clean water and air. Who among them would have thought that in a few centuries everything would be different?

Today's world

For a couple of centuries, the Earth has changed beyond recognition. The air became literally poisoned by emissions. Even ecologically clean areas and regions are no longer the same as they were several centuries ago. Impurities of harmful substances will be present almost everywhere. Perhaps the only exception is in those places where cars cannot go and factories cannot work: mountains, tundra, thickets. But with the help of the wind, particles of harmful substances can also be in such zones.

Water is also a problem. The supply of clean water is practically exhausted. Many wells, springs and springs can be contaminated with pesticides, which are vegetable gardens. Spilled oils from cars and large vehicles are easily absorbed into the soil.

Dream of the future or its realization

High school students are already familiar with ecology, they imagine the problem. But why not include a child's fantasy? You need to be able to treat life simply, carefully. It will be boring to write just an essay on the topic "Ecology of Nature". What is the point of talking endlessly about the scale of the disaster, if you can already now make plans for the future and implement them.

You need to start small. The greatest problem is created by cars: exhaust gases, noise, dirt. Why not take a bike? It is relatively inexpensive compared to a car, takes up little space, and does not need to pay constantly for gasoline, taxes. But it will also help improve health.

Another simple thing: do not litter anywhere, do not arrange a dump. How to dispose of, for example, a broken refrigerator? If people wanted to, they would have long ago come up with a way to recycle any equipment, and not throw it in the trash.

Love for nature

It all starts with love for the environment. A thrifty person would never dare to build a plant or factory in nature. You need to have complete heartlessness to agree to this. The consequences will be sad. Why are there practically no clean water bodies? Because they are polluted not only by motor boats, catamarans, but also by enterprises standing on the shore, which are gaining clean water then drain the waste.

As it was said, the restoration of the ecology begins with small things - the destruction of garbage, not nature. An essay on the topic "Ecology" should be written with a plan. What will be discussed? If only about love for nature, then you need to draw conclusions, for example: what will I do in this case.

Ecology has two environments: natural and urban. It is clear that in big cities it is impossible to control security. About fighting harmful substances and you don't have to speak. We need to preserve nature as much as possible.

From small to big

Scientists around the world say that it will recover Big city in at least 50 years if cars stop driving and factories stop functioning. After the explosion of a nuclear power plant, it takes about the same time. Consider Chernobyl. 25 years have passed, but radiation contamination is still present, albeit not in such quantities as in 1986.

An essay on the topic "Problems of Ecology" can affect precisely man-made disasters, global and air, as well as what became the consequences: the greenhouse effect, weather anomalies, drainage of water bodies.

Unfortunately, it only gets worse over the years. Despite the fact that nature reserves are being created, nature continues to reduce its resources. You can see how little precipitation began to fall in Europe. As you know, evaporation from the surface of the earth forms clouds, then it rains. At present, there is little water left, and there is almost nothing to evaporate, therefore there is not enough water, precipitation. Can a person solve such a problem? An essay on the topic "Ecology" is an occasion for reflection for the younger generation.