Interesting anatomy. Entertaining anatomy: Internal organs

The human body is an incredibly complex and intricate system that still baffles doctors and researchers, despite the fact that it has been studied for more than one hundred years. Therefore, it is quite natural that the parts of the body and the usual functions of the body can surprise us. From sneezing to fingernails growing, here are 100 of the strangest and most interesting facts about human body.

Brain
The brain is the most complex and least understood human organ. There's a lot we don't know about him, but here are a few facts about him nonetheless.

1. Nerve impulses move at a speed of 270 km/h.
2. The brain requires the same amount of energy to work as a 10-watt light bulb.
3. A human brain cell can store five times more information than any encyclopedia.
4. The brain uses 20% of all oxygen that enters the circulatory system.
5. At night, the brain is much more active than during the day.
6. Scientists say that the higher the IQ level, the more often people dream.
7. Neurons continue to grow throughout a person's life.
8. Information passes through different neurons at different speeds.
9. The brain itself does not feel pain.
10. The brain is 80% water.

Hair and nails
In fact, these are not living organs, but remember how women are shaking over their nails and hair, how much money they spend on caring for them. On occasion, you can tell your lady a couple of such facts, she will probably appreciate it.

11. Facial hair grows faster than anywhere else.
12. Every day a person loses an average of 60 to 100 hairs.
13. Diameter female hair half that of men.
14. A human hair can support a weight of 100g.
15. The nail on the middle finger grows faster than the others.
16. There is as much hair on a square centimeter of a human body as on a square centimeter of a chimpanzee's body.
17. Blondes more hair.
18. Fingernails grow about 4 times faster than toenails.
19. The average lifespan of a human hair is 3-7 years.
20. You need to be at least half bald for it to become noticeable.
21. human hair practically indestructible.

Internal organs
We do not remember the internal organs until they bother us, but it is thanks to them that we can eat, breathe, walk and all that. Remember this the next time your stomach rumbles.

22. The largest internal organ is the small intestine.
23. The human heart creates enough pressure to send blood spurting seven and a half meters forward.
24. Stomach acid can dissolve razor blades.
25. The length of all blood vessels in the human body is about 96,000 km.
26. The stomach is completely renewed every 3-4 days.
27. The surface area of human lungs is equal to the area of a tennis court.
28. Women's heart beats faster than a man.
29. Scientists say that the liver has more than 500 functions.
30. The aorta has a diameter almost equal to that of a garden hose.
31. Left lung smaller right - to make room for the heart.
32. You can remove most of the internal organs and live on.
33. The adrenal glands change size throughout human life.

Organism's functions
We don't really like to talk about them, but we have to deal with them daily. Here are some facts about not the most pleasant things that concern our body.

34. The speed of a sneeze is 160 km/h.
35. The speed of coughing can even reach 900 km/h.
36. Women blink twice as often as men.
37. Full bladder up to the size of a softball.
38. Approximately 75% of human life products consist of water.
39. There are approximately 500,000 people on their feet sweat glands, they can produce up to a liter of sweat per day
40. In a lifetime, a person produces so much saliva that it can fill a couple of pools.
41. On average, a person releases gases 14 times a day.
42. Earwax is essential for ear health.

Sex and procreation
Sex is largely taboo, but a very important part of human life and relationships. Procreation is no less important. You may not have known a few things about them.

43. Every single day in the world there are 120 million sexual acts.
44. The largest human cell is the egg, and the smallest is the sperm.
45. During the first trimester of pregnancy, women most often dream of frogs, worms and plants.
46. Teeth begin to grow six months before birth.
47. Almost all children are born with blue eyes.
48. Children are strong as bulls.
49. One in 2,000 babies is born with a tooth.
50. The fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months.
51. Each person for half an hour of his life was a single cell.
52. For most men, an erection occurs every hour or every hour and a half during sleep: after all, at night the brain is much more active.

Feelings
We perceive the world through our senses. Here are some interesting facts about them.

53. After a hearty meal, we hear worse.
54. Only one third of all people have one hundred percent vision.
55. If saliva cannot dissolve something, you will not taste it.
56. From birth, the sense of smell is better developed in women than in men.
57. The nose remembers 50,000 different scents.
58. Pupils dilate even due to small interference.
59. All people have their own unique smell.

Aging and death
We age throughout life - that's how it works.

60. The mass of ash of a cremated person can reach 4 kg.
61. By the age of sixty, most people have lost about half of their taste buds.
62. The eyes are the same size throughout life, but the nose and ears grow throughout life.
63. At 60, 60% of men and 40% of women will snore.
64. The head of a child is a quarter of his height, and by the age of 25, the length of the head is only an eighth of the entire length of the body.

Diseases and injuries
We all get sick and injured. And that's pretty interesting too.

65. Most heart attacks occur on Mondays.
66. People can go much longer without food than without sleep.
67. When you burn in the sun, it hurts blood vessels.
68. 90% of diseases are caused by stress.
69. The human head remains conscious for 15-20 seconds after being cut off.

Muscles and bones
Muscles and bones are the frame of our body, thanks to them we move and even just lie down.

70. You use 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. If you don't want to strain your face, smile. Anyone who walks around with a sour face often and for a long time knows how hard it is.
71. Children are born with 300 bones, while adults have only 206.
72. In the morning we are a centimeter higher than in the evening.
73. The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue.
74. The heaviest bone in the human body is the jaw bone.
75. To take a step, you use 200 muscles.
76. Tooth is the only organ incapable of regeneration.
77. Muscles decrease twice as slowly as they pump up.
78. Some bones are stronger than steel.
79. The feet contain a quarter of all the bones of the human body.

At the cellular level
There are some things you can't see with the naked eye.

80. There are 16,000 bacteria per square centimeter of the body.
81. Every 27 days you literally change your skin.
82. Every minute 3,000,000 cells die in the human body.
83. People lose about 600,000 skin particles every hour.
84. Every day, the adult human body produces 300 billion new cells.
85. All tongue prints are unique.
86. There is enough iron in the body to make a 6 cm nail out of it.
87. The most common blood type in the world is the first.
88. The lips are red because there are many capillaries under the skin.

Miscellaneous
A couple more interesting facts

89. The colder the room where you sleep, the more likely you are to have a nightmare.
90. Tears and mucus contain the enzyme lysozyme, which destroys the cell walls of many bacteria.
91. In half an hour the body releases as much energy as it takes to boil one and a half liters of water.
92. Ears produce more earwax when you are afraid.
93. You can't tickle yourself.
94. The distance between arms outstretched to the sides - this is your height.
95. Man is the only animal that cries because of emotions.
96. Right-handers live an average of nine years longer than left-handers.
97. Women burn fat more slowly than men - about 50 calories a day.
98. The fossa between the nose and the lip has a name - the nasal groove.

4 years ago, 21:38

There are a lot of "surprises" in the human body. Here are just a few figures and facts about the fascinating human anatomy and physiology.

The expression "scared to death" has its justification. Defense mechanisms of our body, in case of danger, adrenaline is added to the blood, which leads to improved blood supply to the muscles, dilated pupils and other “improvements”. However, adrenaline in large quantities is toxic to the body, so in some cases it can cause death.
Studies have shown that in Germany, on the days when the national team plays at the World Cup, the number of heart attacks increases sharply. And this is quite logical.
Breast cancer is not exclusive female disease, but to a lesser extent, men also suffer from it. On average, there is one “male” case for every 100 “female” cases.
The size of the left breast in 90% of women is different from the size of the right. In most cases, this asymmetry is small, but sometimes it can reach such a magnitude that it brings significant moral and physical inconvenience to the owner.
Every day, 1,500,000 skin particles fall from us, which accumulate in washcloths, along with staphylococcus aureus, which is the main “skin” bacteria and can cause great trouble when it enters the body.
About three million microscopic creatures live on a square centimeter of our skin.
Our body produces enough heat in half an hour to boil a liter of water.
A stamp-sized piece of skin taken from the foreskin grows in three weeks so that the resulting grown skin is enough for three basketball fields.
Women's ovaries produce almost half a million eggs, with only about 400 having a chance of being fertilized.
The saliva in our mouth is alkaline. Without it, food residues and microorganisms in the oral cavity would quickly form an acidic environment that is extremely dangerous for teeth.
The dirtiest and most diversely inhabited by microorganisms place in our body is the mouth. More than 700 SPECIES of bacteria live in it, while their set, for example, among Americans and Swedes, is quite different.
A full stomach stretches to the size of a softball (up to 10 centimeters in diameter).
An adult human has more than 5,000,000 hairs on the surface of the skin - the same number as a gorilla.
A man's testicles produce 10 million sperm every day.
If you sneeze hard enough, you can "earn" a crack in the rib. If you try to hold back a sneeze, then the result will be even sadder - a rupture of a vessel in the head or neck.
Pubic lice are most often found on the pubis itself, but in some cases these cute animals can “frolic” on the hips, chest, and even on the eyelashes.
The human stomach is forced to renew its surface every day to replace the one affected by gastric juice, that is, hydrochloric acid.
Human stomach acid is aggressive enough to completely dissolve a razor blade in a week.
Most big organ man is his skin. This organ covers an area of up to two square meters and is constantly updated. In a lifetime, a person produces about 17 kilograms of skin.
In the morning we get out of bed with a growth of almost a centimeter more than the "evening". During the day, the human spine is “trampled down” again, the gaps between the vertebral discs decrease again, and growth is restored.
The pressure that the heart creates in the circulatory system can raise blood to a height of up to 10 meters.
Surprisingly, our brains work no less when we sleep. and often more than during a daytime active lifestyle.
Worldwide, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is diagnosed on average in every tenth child.
Every day we lose 85,000 nerve cells, and only 50 new ones are created.
Babies don't have kneecaps, instead they have special cartilage on their knees. Only by the age of 3-5 years does it harden (ossify), turning into a kneecap.
A person can memorize up to 50,000 different smells.
Out of 2,000 babies, one is born with teeth or teeth-like formations. In some cases, they "resolve" themselves, sometimes they are replaced by permanent ones by 6 or 7 years.
A person can live without food for several weeks, but without sleep he will not live even 12 days.
Our brains stop growing after the age of 18.
Among people who use the services of Internet marriage agencies, at least a third are already married.
As a result of one survey conducted in the United States in 2004, it turned out that 60% of men agree to have sex for money, that is, to engage in prostitution, while 16% of them are satisfied with the amount of $ 150 or less.
Even though the penis is not a bone, it can be broken. This usually happens when the penis is in an erect state and a force is applied to it in an unusual direction. When this happens, a crackling sound can be heard, after which the penis swells and remains in a “broken” shape. This can usually be corrected with surgery.
70% of people pick their nose, thirty of them do not interrupt this fascinating process even while eating.
Only one tenth of the cells in our body are actually ours. The remaining 90% are microorganisms that live inside us and on our surface.
Any of us at the beginning of our lives consisted of a single cell for about 30 minutes.
A cigarette smoked shortens the life of a smoker by 11 minutes.
The quarter of a million pores that are on our feet secrete almost a quarter of a cup of sweat every day.
We produce enough saliva to fill two swimming pools in a lifetime.
Our liver is the largest gland (average mass is 1.2-1.5 kilograms), and performs at least 500 vital functions, and in addition, it has the ability to regenerate. If a fragment is cut off from the liver, it will “grow back” to its original size over time.
People living in the city have more earwax in their ears than their rural counterparts.
Believe it or not, fresh urine is cleaner than saliva or the surface of our skin. urine healthy person practically free of harmful bacteria.

Human Anatomy Facts

Inner frame

Walk around the equator

It is estimated that during the day a person takes up to 30 thousand steps, that is, about 20 kilometers. For every 5.5 years, he imperceptibly makes a path equal to the circumference of the equator.

How much does a human skeleton weigh?

The mass of the human skeleton is about 11 kilograms.

When is a person taller: in the morning or in the evening?

Due to the flattening of the intervertebral cartilages, a person’s height decreases by about 1.5 cm by the evening. A person’s height by the age of 80 decreases by 5–7 cm compared to the age of forty.

How many bones are in the skull?

The human skull is made up of 23 bones. Only two bones of the skull - the mandibular and hyoid - are movable, the rest are firmly connected by sutures.

Stronger than brick and granite

Bone material is 30 times stronger than brick and 2.5 times stronger than granite. Big femur withstands a vertical load of one and a half tons.

It can withstand a load of 350 kilograms

The strongest ligament in the human body is the Bertinian ligament, which strengthens hip joint, - withstands a load of 350 kilograms.

How many muscles in a person?

The amount of muscle a person has is not the same for all people. Within the normal range, it ranges from 400 to 680 muscles. If all these muscles were tensed, they would cause a pressure of approximately 25 tons. A grasshopper has about 900 muscles, and some species of caterpillars even have about 4,000. The total weight of all muscles is 40% of the total body weight in men, and 30% in women.

Which organ loses the most heat?

Coefficient useful action human muscle is 20%. The remaining 80% is spent on heat losses.

Where are the strongest muscles located?

The strongest are those that are located on both sides of the mouth and are responsible for compressing the jaws. They are capable of developing a force of about 70 kilograms.

Who loses energy more: a crying or a daring person?

According to research by French neurologists, crying man 43 muscles of the face are involved, while those of a laugher have only 17. Thus, laughing is more energetically beneficial than crying.

When is the peak time for muscle activity?

It is noted that the most effective muscles work at 13:00. 30 minutes.

Oxygen consuming organ. Who is he?

Up to 60% of oxygen entering the body is consumed by muscles.

Rhythm is your guide

Rhythm - important element work, and everyone should learn from his heart in this regard: if you work rhythmically, then the work will be productive and you will have the strength to work for a long time.

When the biological clock breaks

Frequent violations of the physiological cycle "day-night" can lead to a painful disorder of the internal " biological clock» person.

Breath

How much air can you breathe?

Lung ventilation (the number of breaths multiplied by the volume of air inhaled) in a healthy person reaches 5–9 liters per minute. At rest, a person takes an average of 16 breaths per minute. This is about 23,000 per day. At the same time, about 7,000 liters of air pass through the lungs. The minute volume of a person's breathing (the amount of air passed through the lungs in one minute) is 5-8 liters per minute at rest, and during physical work it can reach more than 100 liters per minute.

Breathe easy

A person at rest consumes 400-500 liters of oxygen per day, making 12-20 breaths and exhalations per minute. The respiratory rate of a horse is 12 breaths per minute, rats - 60, canaries - 108.

Who invigorates us?

Negatively charged ions of air gases are friends of health; they make a person cheerful, efficient.

Biovacuum cleaner

Ciliated epithelium respiratory tract a person takes out of them up to 20–30 g of dust per day.

Circulation

Blood plasma... and ancient seas

The composition of blood plasma resembles the composition of the water of ancient earthly seas, in which life originated.

twice the length of the equator

The total length of blood capillaries in the human body is approximately 100,000 kilometers. This is 2.5 times the length of the earth's equator, and the total internal area is 2,400 m 2 .

A pump that lasts a lifetime

For 60 years of a normal, not very stressful life, the human heart makes more than 2,000,000,000 contractions. The same work would be done by a tractor if it lifted a boulder weighing 65 tons from sea level to a height of 5,500 meters.

When is there more cholesterol?

100 ml of blood of a healthy person contains 20–250 mg of cholesterol in autumn and winter, and only 170–180 mg in summer and spring.

Heart "shirt"

The heart has a shirt - a layer of connective tissue; between the heart and the "shirt" there is a small amount of fluid. The pericardial sac ("heart shirt") protects the working heart muscle.

Flattened red balls

Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, whose total surface is 3,400 m 2 . Every day, about 2,000,000,000 of them die in the body, which is 0.01% of their total number. The total surface area of all erythrocytes is 3,400 m 2 . In each mm3 of blood there are 5,000,000 erythrocytes, and in all five liters contained in the body of an adult, there are 25,000,000,000,000. If you put all these erythrocytes in a row, the resulting chain will stretch for 200,000 kilometers, encircling the globe five times along the equator.

"Sprints" within us

Almost all cells of the human body have nuclei that control all physiological processes in the cell itself and participate in the process of cell division. The only exception is erythrocytes. They are born with a nucleus, but already on early stages development, lose it, thereby losing the ability to reproduce. New red blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow from stem cells. Every second, about 2,500,000 red blood cells are formed and about the same number die. In one day, an erythrocyte travels about 15 kilometers in the blood vessels, supplying tissues with oxygen and taking carbon dioxide from them. During the existence of one erythrocyte, on average, it travels a distance of 1,800 kilometers.

They live to die

Blood cells are constantly dying and being replaced by new ones. The life of erythrocytes (red blood cells) lasts 90-125 days, leukocytes (white blood cells) - from several hours to several months, depending on the type of leukocytes. About a billion red blood cells and five billion white blood cells die every hour in an adult's blood. They will be replaced by new blood cells. During the day, 25 grams of blood undergoes complete regeneration.

thinner hair

Blood capillaries are 10 times thinner than hair.

That's the speed!

Within one minute, the heart ejects about 4 liters of blood into the aorta. The speed of movement in the aorta is 0.5 m / s, and through the capillaries, blood flows at a speed of 0.5 mm / s. A complete circulation of blood through both circles of blood circulation is completed in 21-22 seconds.

special blood substance

Each red blood cell contains 265,000,000 hemoglobin molecules. The assembly of its molecule takes only 90 seconds. Every second, 6.5∙1014 hemoglobin molecules are synthesized in the human body. 100 ml of human blood contains 13–16 g of hemoglobin. One gram of hemoglobin can bind up to 1.34 ml of oxygen. At rest, about 4 l / min flows through the human heart, which ensures that the tissues receive about 400 ml of oxygen.

Ah, those "thin tubes"!

The wall thickness of the arteries is 0.8–0.9 mm. The diameter of various human arteries is 0.4–2.5 cm. The average diameter of human capillaries is about 7 microns, which is slightly less than the diameter of an erythrocyte. In the arteries, the volume of blood is on average 950 ml.

"Sugar Queen"

This is what the ancient Tibetan doctors called the liver. She stores nutritional reserves and, if a person is hungry, she turns them into sugar, thereby feeding him. At rest, up to 50% of the blood in a person can be in the "blood depot" - the liver and spleen, from where, if necessary, it is released into the bloodstream. The blood flow in the kidneys is 420 ml / min, in the heart - 84, in the liver - 5.7, in the brain - 53, in the striated muscles - only 2.7 ml / min. The liver consumes 10 times more oxygen than an equal muscle and releases more heat. It is a powerful protective barrier on the way of blood flow from the digestive organs to other organs. The liver breaks down alcohol most efficiently between 6 and 8 pm. 1.5 liters of blood flows through the liver in one minute, and up to 2,000 liters per day.

Women beat more often

The heart of an adult pumps about 10,000 liters of blood per day. normal pulse men at rest is 60-80 beats per minute. A woman's heart beats 6-8 beats faster. heavy exercise stress increases heart rate to 200 beats per minute. The pulse rate of an elephant is 20, that of a bull and a frog is 25, that of a rabbit is 200, that of a mouse is 500.

Digestion

Even the saber is blunt

The tip of a saber blunts when it hits tooth enamel. The hardness of enamel can be compared with quartz.

How many, two or four?

Milk teeth are replaced by permanent ones. The last molar usually erupts by the age of 18–20, and sometimes even later, when a person “acquires wisdom through teaching,” Hippocrates thought so. This tooth he called the wisdom tooth. Half of humanity has only two, not four wisdom teeth.

The naked part of our skeleton

The specific gravity of tooth enamel is 2.9–3.05 g/cm 2 . The dentin of the tooth has specific gravity only 2.2 g/cm 2 . The dentin of an adult tooth contains about 65% mineral salts, 28% organic matter and 8% water. The composition of dental cement includes about 30% organic matter, more than 55% calcium phosphate, about 8% calcium carbonate, as well as calcium and magnesium fluorides.

Can't stand it!

Most sore spot human body - teeth. There are usually no more than 200 pain receptors per square centimeter of skin, and from 15,000 to 30,000 receptors per square centimeter of tooth dentin. There are even more of them on the border of enamel and dentin - up to 75,000 receptors.

"Acorn" or "stomach"?

The word "stomach" is derived from the word "acorn" (in the old days, "small acorns were called stomachs"). 1 cm 2 The gastric mucosa contains one hundred gastric glands. They are located closely. Unlike other digestive juices, bile contains almost no enzymes.

"Toothed" enzymes

During the day, a person secretes about 1 liter of saliva, 3 liters of gastric juice, 2 liters of pancreatic juice, 3.5 intestinal juice, 2 one liter of bile. A person produces an average of one liter of saliva per day.

What does the hour of the day mean for the stomach?

Most of the gastric juice is formed at 13 o'clock, even if the person has not eaten anything.

And is it all in us?

The length of the intestine in humans exceeds the length of the body by 3-4 times. The total surface area of the villi of the jejunum is 37 m 2 , duodenal - 1.3 m 2 , iliac - 5.3 m 2 .

Do we still have gases?

In the process of fermentation of food gruel in the right (ascending) section of the large intestine, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are formed, and in the process of putrefaction in the left (descending) section, methane and hydrogen sulfide are formed. All this mixes with the air that enters the intestines in the process of eating along with food. When digesting lunch, about 15 liters of gases are formed.

Here are the villi!

On one cm 2 inner surface intestines 3,000–4,000 villi. Each is covered with 3,000 cells, which in turn have 100 suction tubes. Suction surface in the small intestines about 5 m 2 , i.e. three times the body surface.

Short "life"

Every day, about 70,000,000,000 cells of the intestinal epithelium die, each of which lives only 1-2 days.

She needs to breathe, move, think

At rest and on an empty stomach, the human body produces so much energy per day that it would be enough to heat 20 liters of water from 10ºС to boiling. The heat generated by a woodcutter working for eight hours is enough to heat 100 liters of water to a boil.

Who is afraid of intestinal bacteria?

There is a lot of benzoic acid in lingonberries and cranberries. It kills putrefactive bacteria in the intestines.

What are we "made" of?

All from cells

The human body is made up of 100,000 billion cells. For comparison: the body of an elephant consists of 6,500,000 billion cells.

Water, water...

Water makes up 80% of a child's body weight and 70% of an adult's body weight. Human brain cells contain 80%, muscles - 76%, bones - about 25% of water. A sip of water is 20 milliliters of liquid for men, and 14 for a woman. The tissue of the human body that is richest in water is vitreous body eyes, in which it is 99%, and the poorest is tooth enamel. It contains only 0.2%.

Is water really that important?

Loss of moisture in the amount of 6–8% of body weight causes a fainting state in a person, 10% causes hallucinations and a violation of the swallowing reflex. The loss of 12% of the fluid entails cardiac arrest.

Are there gases too?

More than 96% of the mass of the human body is made up of four chemical elements. Oxygen accounts for about 60% of the mass, carbon for about 20%. They are followed by hydrogen - 10% and nitrogen - 4%.

Not only there, but also from there!

A person per day can allocate 0.5–12 liters of sweat, which contains 9899% water, 0.1% urea, urinary, lactic, pyruvic, citric acid, ammonia, creatinine, serine, fats, volatile fatty acids, cholesterol, aromatic hydroxy acids, acetone, mineral salts.

Skin formations

Non-removable "clothes"

Skin is the heaviest organ of the human body. She weighs an average of 2.7 kg. The skin does not pass water, microbes, dirt. Protects us from blows, injections, bites. About 2% of the oxygen consumed by a person enters the body through the skin. A person of average height loses about 800,000 microparticles of skin every hour, and an average of 675 grams per year. By the age of seventy, the total skin loss is a little more than 47 kg, that is, 70% of the average human weight. The human body excretes about 0.5 liters of water per day through the skin. Solids stand out about 10 grams.

Who's to say if we're cold or hot?

The entire skin surface of the human body contains about 250,000 "cold" receptors and only 30,000 "heat" ones. The temperature of the skin is different in different parts of the body. So, in the armpit it is 36.6ºС, then on the stomach - 34ºС, and on the face - 25ºС. Blood and internal organs have a temperature of 37.2–38.5ºС.

Is it better to be clean or dirty?

On one cm 2 Dirty skin contains about 40,000 microbes.

Transmitting "SOS!"

Hidden in our skin are 250,000 nerve endings that respond to cold, 30,000 to heat, and about 1,000,000 to pain.

skin and time

The skin is least sensitive to injections at 9 am and most permeable to cosmetics between 6 and 8 pm.

Space "antennas"

Human hair is 500 times thicker than its walls soap bubble, 5 times thicker than a capillary, 12 times thicker than the walls of the alveoli and 20 times thicker than cobwebs. Hair grows in newborns at a rate of 0.2 mm per day, later - up to 0.3-0.5 mm per day. Eyebrow, eyelash and axillary hair live 3-4 months, head hair - 4-6 years. In a month, hair grows by one centimeter. About 100 hairs die on the head every day. Dead hair may not fall out immediately, so sometimes up to 20% of dead hair accumulates on the head.

Spit - not only girlish beauty

The most long braid one Japanese woman has 3 meters, she grew it for 20 years. Most long hair worn by Swami Pandarasannadi, head of the Indian monastery Tirudathurai. In 1949, the length of his hair was 7 meters 92 centimeters.

And beard and mustache

The longest beard belonged to Hans Langseth - 5 meters 33 centimeters, and the longest mustache was from the Swede Birger Pellas - 2 meters 90 centimeters.

Heritage of primates

The tips of all twenty fingers on our limbs bear dense flat horny formations - nails. Nails are the property of primates. The nail grows due to the epithelium nail bed. Nails protect especially sensitive fingertips. The nail on the hand grows at a rate of a hundredth of a millimeter per day, and on the leg - five hundredths. For a year on the finger, the nail lengthens in total by three centimeters. Most long nail on hand (on thumb left hand) reaches a length of 101.6 centimeters. It belonged to the Indian Sridhar Chillar. The total length of the nails on the finger of his left hand, when measured in March 1990, was 4.40 meters. He hasn't cut his nails since 1952.

Selection

Why are we crying?

Children cry to get attention, to express their emotions: fear, anger or joy. And also to leave the body with tears harmful substances, which are produced from pain and suffering. In addition, when we blink, tears wash over the eyeball, cleaning it of dust and germs. Healthy human body produces approximately 0.5 liters of lacrimal fluid per year. Even the most tough man sheds daily from 1-3 milliliters of tears.

Blood filters

The total length of the renal tubules is 120 kilometers. In both kidneys, a person has about 2,000,000 nephrons. During the day, the kidneys pass through themselves 2,000 liters of blood, and this is a whole tank. An adult excretes 1,200–1,600 ml of urine per day and should be excreted in the urine 15–45 mg oxalic acid.

What are uroliths?

The chemical composition of uroliths - kidney stones- may be different. 40% of uroliths are oxalates (salts of oxalic acid), 27% are phosphates (salts of phosphoric acid), 12–15% are urates (salts of uric acid), 2% are cystine, xanthine and protein stones, and 20–30% are mixed stones. type.

Vision

Sophisticated optical device

Up to 14 months in newborn girls and up to 16 months in boys, there is a period of complete non-perception of colors. Then comes the perception of red, then green, and even later of blue color. The formation of color perception ends at 7.5 years for girls and by 8 years for boys. The eye is able to distinguish between 130–250 pure colors and 5–10,000,000,000 mixed shades.

After an hour in the dark

After one hour in the dark, the light sensitivity of the eye increases 200 times.

Rods and cones

The human retina contains 125,000,000 rods and 6,500,000 cones, and taken together, they are so sensitive that a person could theoretically see a candle flame at a distance of 200 kilometers.

Hearing, smell, touch

"Hello, I can't hear you!"

The human middle ear contains 2,500 cells that respond to sounds. The upper limit of the frequencies we perceive reaches 16–20 million hertz. As the years go by, the sensitivity of the ear, especially to high-pitched sounds, decreases.

Delicious when +24ºС

There are about 9,000 nerve endings on the surface of the tongue that respond to taste. They function best at 24°C.

Mal, yes daring

The surface of the olfactory zone of the nose is only 5 cm 2 , but it hosts about 1,000,000 nerve endings. The sensation of smell occurs when at least 40 nerve endings are excited.

That's why he's dying!

The coldest part of the human body is the nose. The temperature of its tip usually does not exceed +22ºС.

Nervous system

A gigantic amount and ... one percent

The human nervous system consists of 10,000,000,000 neurons and 70,000,000,000 support cells. Of this gigantic number, only one percent fulfills independent work, that is, it receives signals and controls the work of muscles; the remaining 99% are intermediary cells.

The center of all centers or the main organ of the mind

At three years old, the human brain is already 80% developed. It reaches its highest development by about 20 years. In the future, there is a decrease in its mass. The cerebral cortex makes up approximately 44% of the volume of the brain. The surface of the crust as a whole is 1468–1670 cm 2 .

We are in third place

Man is in third place in terms of brain mass (1,400 g) in wildlife after an elephant (5 kg) and a whale (2.5 kg).

Those are the squares!

The total area of the cerebral cortex in humans is on average 83,591 mm 2 , chimpanzee - 24 353 mm 2, dogs - 6523 mm2, rabbits - 843 mm2, rats - 254 mm2.

Nature is not fair

Starting from the age of thirty in a person, 30,000 to 50,000 nerve cells of the brain die daily.

Water and nerve cell

A nerve cell - a neuron - contains 65–68% water and 32–35% solids, among which 68–70% are proteins. 20–25% are lipids, 2–5% are nucleic acids, and 1–2% are carbohydrates.

With him, the vessels are in good shape

Nitric oxide (II) can be formed in the human body. It provides communication between neurons and maintains vascular tone.

The bigger, the better

The larger the diameter of the nerve fiber, the faster the excitation spreads through it. In warm-blooded animals, the excitation speed is 0.5–120 m / s.

"Nervous" Helpers

No human action can be carried out without the participation nervous system. To transfer the body from a horizontal to a vertical position, the human brain sends hundreds of nerve impulses - signals through the nerves to the muscles.

All for sight

As part of the cranial nerves, 2,600,000 nerve fibers enter the brain, and 140,000 exit. About half of the outgoing fibers carry orders to the muscles of the eyeball, controlling fast and complex eye movements. The remaining nerves control facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, and the activity of internal organs. Of the incoming nerve fibers, 2,000,000 are visual.

Men and women

"Strong Sex"

The male brain weighs 200 g more than the female.
A boy aged 15–24 falls 6 times more often than girls of the same age.
There are 12 times more men than women among outstanding mathematicians.
Deviations from the norm of color vision are much more common in men (8%) than in women (0.5%).
Men have 20% more lung capacity than women.
48% of men and only 22% of women snore in their sleep.
Boys are more likely than girls to be left-handed and generally fluent in their left hand, which is explained by the leading role of the right hemisphere of the male brain.
80% of all people who stutter are men.
The volume of blood averages 5.2 liters in men and 3.9 liters in women.
The mass of the heart of a man is on average 330 g of a woman - 250 g.

"Weaker sex"

Girls start talking earlier than boys.
A woman's sense of smell is 20% better than a man's.
Mental depression is twice as common in women as in men.
Musical ear in women is better than in men: for 6 women who are not out of tune, there is 1 man.
Three quarters of all migraines occur in women.
Women are twice as sensitive to alcohol as men.
Women prefer sweet foods, while men prefer salty ones.
In women, the right eye sees more sharply and hears better in the right ear, while in men it is vice versa.
Adipose tissue makes up 11% of a man's weight and 23% of a woman's weight.
Women, more often men, suffer from dental caries.
42% of men and 62% of women complain of insomnia.

The human body is a complex and intricate system that has been studied by the best minds for several millennia. And this is an extremely interesting fact, because, despite this, our body is able to surprise even doctors, not to mention people without deep anatomical knowledge.

Brain

The impulses from the receptors to the brain arrive at an amazing speed of 275 kilometers per hour.

Our brain needs energy comparable to the energy of an ordinary light bulb to work.

The electronic equivalent of the memory capacity of the human brain can reach thousands of terabytes.

About 20% of the air from the blood stream goes to the work of the brain.

The brain is more active at night when we are sleeping than during the day when we are awake.

The higher the intelligence, the more dreams you see.

Neurons and brain tissue are capable of regeneration throughout our lives.

Different types of neurons transmit information at different rates.

The brain is not able to feel pain, it lacks pain receptors.

The brain tissue is four-fifths fluid.

Nails and hair

Women's hair is on average twice as thin as men's, in addition, the thickness and stiffness of the hair depends on race.

The beard and mustache grow faster than all other hair.

The average hair can support the weight of a 100 gram chocolate bar.

Toenails grow 4 times slower than fingernails.

Every day a person falls from fifty to hundreds of hairs.

Blondes the largest number hair, but they are thinner.

The nail on the middle finger grows the fastest, probably because this finger is the longest.

There is a lot of hair on the human body, as much as our closest primate relatives, just not all of them are so clearly visible.

One hair can stay in place for an average of three to seven years.

Human hair decomposes so slowly that it is virtually indestructible.

Before baldness becomes noticeable to others, a person loses more than 50% of the hairline.

Internal organs

The heartbeat generates enough pressure to send a stream of blood over a distance of 9 meters.

The small intestine is the largest internal organ in the human body.

The surface area of one human lung is approximately one-fifth of a football field.

Stomach acid can dissolve thin blades.

The total length of the human circulatory system is 96,500 kilometers. For comparison: the circumference of the Earth is only 40,000 kilometers.

The mucous membrane of the stomach is updated every three to four days.

Women's heartbeat is faster than men's.

Scientists have counted about 500 useful functions that the liver performs.

The diameter of the aorta is the same as the diameter of a garden hose.

The left lung is slightly smaller than the right one due to the fact that the heart is located on the left side.

A person is able to survive without a huge part of his internal organs, such as the spleen, 75% of the liver, 80% of the intestines, stomach, kidney, lung and all the organs of the pelvic region. Of course, living without most of the internal organs is not easy, but possible.

The adrenal glands change their volume throughout a person's life.

Basic body functions

The air flow during a sneeze moves at a speed of 160 kilometers per hour.

During coughing, the air speed is reduced to 95 km / h.

A full bladder is the size of a large grapefruit.

Almost 75% of bowel movements consist of water.

Women blink twice as often as men.

Earwax is produced to keep the ears healthy.

There are about five hundred thousand sweat glands on the feet, which are capable of producing half a liter of sweat daily.

In a lifetime, a person secretes so much saliva that it can fill two Olympic pools.

The average person experiences flatulence attacks about 14 times a day.

Reproduction

The largest cell in the human body is the egg, and the smallest is the sperm.

Teeth begin to appear six months before the birth of a child.

Fingerprints appear in the embryo at a three-month period.

Pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy see frequent dreams about frogs, house plants and worms.

Almost all babies are born with blue eyes.

In a comparative weight ratio, a newborn baby is stronger than a bull.

One in 2,000 babies is born with an already grown tooth.

Each of us spent half an hour of our existence in the form of a single-celled being.

Most men experience erections several times a night.

sense organs

After a hearty meal, hearing becomes worse.

About one third of humanity has perfect vision.

Unlike men, women have more developed sense smell.

If the product is not able to dissolve in saliva, we are not able to taste it.

A person is able to remember about 50 thousand different smells.

Even the slightest noise causes the pupils to dilate a little.

Each person has their own scent, which is completely unique; only twins don't have it. Smell identical twins- identical.

old age and death

The ashes of a cremated body weigh an average of 4 kilograms.

Nails and hair do not grow after death, they seem longer due to the fact that the muscles and skin shrink.

By the age of 60, people lose about half of all their taste buds.

The size of the eyes does not change at all, but the nose and ears do not stop growing until death.

By the age of 60, more than half of men and slightly less than half of women begin to snore in their sleep.

A person remains conscious for 20 seconds after being decapitated.

Disease

Most often, according to statistics, heart attacks occur on Mondays.

A person can survive longer without food than without sleep.

Normal, weak sunburn can severely damage blood vessels.

Almost 90% of diseases can be either caused or complicated by stress.

Muscles and bones

To smile, you need to use 17 muscles, and to frown, 43.

In the morning we are 1 cm taller than at bedtime, due to the fact that vertical position puts pressure on the spine.

At birth, the number of bones is 300. Over time, some of them grow together, and an adult has fewer of them - 206.

The hardest bone is the jaw.

The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue.

To take one step, a person must use 200 different muscles.

The tooth is the only part of the body that cannot heal itself.

It takes twice as long to lose newly acquired muscle as it does to gain muscle mass.

Bone is stronger than some steel alloys.

Of the 206 bones in the human body, 52 are in the feet.

Cells

About 16 million bacteria live on every square centimeter of skin.

External skin covering human is updated every 27 days.

Every day the human body produces 300 billion cells.

About 300 million cells die every minute in our body.

Every hour we shed about half a million particles of dead skin.

A person's tongue print is as unique as fingerprints.

There is enough iron in the human body to fuse a nail 7 centimeters long.

The most common blood type is the first. About half of the world's population has this type of blood.

The color of the lips is so bright because the capillaries in them are located directly under thin layer skin.

Miscellaneous

The size of a baby's head is 25% of the length of its entire body. The head size of an adult is only one-eighth of the height.

The colder it is in the bedroom, the more likely you are to have a nightmare.

Tears and mucus contain an enzyme that can destroy the shell of many bacteria, thus protecting us from infection.

In half an hour, the human body produces enough energy to bring 4 liters of water to a boil.

Our ears produce more wax when we are scared.

You can't tickle yourself.

The arm span usually matches the height.

Humans are the only representatives of the animal kingdom capable of crying because of emotions.

According to statistics, right-handers live 9 years longer than left-handers.

Women burn calories more slowly than men.

Koalas and primates also have unique fingerprints.

depression between nose and upper lip called the philtrum. For what it is to us, scientists have not determined.

The human body is a very complex and intricate system that baffles doctors and researchers.
Even we are surprised by the functions of our own body and body parts.
Let's learn a little more about the human body from interesting facts.

Brain
The brain is the most complex and least understood human organ. There's a lot we don't know about him, but here are a few facts about him nonetheless.

Hair and nails
In fact, these are not living organs, but remember how women are shaking over their nails and hair, how much money they spend on caring for them! On occasion, you can tell your lady a couple of such facts, she will surely appreciate it.

11. Facial hair grows faster than anywhere else.
12. Every day a person loses an average of 60 to 100 hairs.
13. The diameter of women's hair is half that of men's.
14. A human hair can support a weight of 100g.
15. The nail on the middle finger grows faster than the others.
16. There is as much hair on a square centimeter of a human body as on a square centimeter of a chimpanzee's body.
17. Blondes have more hair.
18. Fingernails grow about 4 times faster than toenails.
19. The average lifespan of a human hair is 3-7 years.
20. You need to be at least half bald for it to become noticeable.
21. Human hair is virtually indestructible.

Internal organs
We do not remember the internal organs until they bother us, but it is thanks to them that we can eat, breathe, walk and all that. Remember this the next time your stomach rumbles.

22. The largest internal organ is the small intestine.
23. The human heart creates enough pressure to send blood spurting seven and a half meters forward.
24. Stomach acid can dissolve razor blades.
25. The length of all blood vessels in the human body is about 96,000 km.
26. The stomach is completely renewed every 3-4 days.
27. The surface area of human lungs is equal to the area of a tennis court.
28. A woman's heart beats faster than a man's.
29. Scientists say that the liver has more than 500 functions.
30. The aorta has a diameter almost equal to that of a garden hose.
31. The left lung is smaller than the right - so that there is room for the heart.
32. You can remove most of the internal organs and live on.
33. The adrenal glands change size throughout human life.

Organism's functions
We don't really like to talk about them, but we have to deal with them daily. Here are some facts about not the most pleasant things that concern our body.

34. The speed of a sneeze is 160 km/h.
35. The speed of coughing can even reach 900 km/h.
36. Women blink twice as often as men.
37. A full bladder is about the size of a softball.
38. Approximately 75% of human life products consist of water.
39. There are approximately 500,000 sweat glands on the legs, they can produce up to a liter of sweat per day!
40. In a lifetime, a person produces so much saliva that it can fill a couple of pools.
41. On average, a person releases gases 14 times a day.
42. Earwax is essential for ear health.

Sex and procreation
Sex is largely taboo, but a very important part of human life and relationships. Procreation is no less important. You may not have known a few things about them.

43. Every single day in the world there are 120 million sexual acts.
44. The largest human cell is the egg, and the smallest is the sperm.
45. During the first trimester of pregnancy, women most often dream of frogs, worms and plants.
46. Teeth begin to grow six months before birth.
47. Almost all babies are born with blue eyes.
48. Children are strong as bulls.
49. One in 2,000 babies is born with a tooth.
50. The fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months.
51. Each person for half an hour of his life was a single cell.
52. For most men, an erection occurs every hour or every hour and a half during sleep: after all, at night the brain is much more active.

Feelings
We perceive the world through our senses. Here are some interesting facts about them.

Aging and death
We age throughout life - that's how it works.

Diseases and injuries
We all get sick and injured. And that's pretty interesting too!

65. Most heart attacks occur on Mondays.
66. People can go much longer without food than without sleep.
67. When you burn in the sun, it damages the blood vessels.
68. 90% of diseases are caused by stress.
69. The human head remains conscious for 15-20 seconds after being cut off.