Iontophoresis is a fashionable technique in cosmetology. Effective non-invasive facial procedure - iontophoresis

Facial iontophoresis is one of the hardware cosmetic procedures, performed on the basis of the galvanization method using low voltage current. At the same time, drugs are delivered to the skin that enhance its nutrition, hydration and help eliminate signs of aging.

The term "iontophoresis" stands for the transport of ions. Low current and voltage have the ability to change the structure of cell membranes. The skin becomes permeable, it begins to activate metabolism and regeneration processes.

This is due to the formation of electromagnetic fields when electrodes with different poles are applied to the surface of the skin. The formation of new ones begins, as well as the reorientation of existing ions in the blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid. different types tissues have different electrical conductivity. Electrodes applied to the skin provoke the processes of polarization, electroosmosis, electrodiffusion, irritation of nerve endings at all levels. This leads to vasodilation, which causes activation of lymphatic drainage and blood flow, and the skin pores open.

When current is used in conjunction with certain preparations containing ionized components, their movement to the opposite poles of the tissues begins. Penetrating to a depth of up to 5 mm into the dermis, they form a supply of substances in the tissue. This creates local concentrations of substances that improve cell function. Iontophoresis in cosmetology is used both for rejuvenation and for cleansing the skin of the face. This is done by the introduction of alkaline preparations and the method of galvanization. This effect is called deincrustation and is effective for acne, acne.

Preparations

The means used for iontophoresis consist of substances that decompose into ions in an electric field. The marking indicated on the package of the drug with a plus or minus sign indicates from which pole it must be administered. The procedure is carried out using an anode or cathode. The anode is intended for the introduction of metals and alkaloids in order to strengthen skin, activation of microcirculation, relaxation. Preparations used for the electrode with a positive charge: vitamins (B1, B12, E), therapeutic mud, sulfate zinc, copper, aloe extract, hyaluronidase, zinc hyaluronate, saline.

The cathode is used for the introduction of metalloids, acids, indicated for fatty and mature skin. It produces the effect of softening the skin, activating nerve endings, and improving blood flow. Negatively charged electrode uses substances: hyaluronic acid, ascorbic and nicotinic acid (diluted with water 1:1), sodium salicylate, caffeine, water-soluble hydrocortisone succinate, unithiol or ichthyol, FIBS.

For the iontophoresis procedure, cocktails of several substances can also be used, but a specialist should select them. Iontophoresis passes without the appearance side effects, because drugs administered in ionic form do not contain impurities. From 5 to 10% of the substance used penetrates deep into the tissues.

Procedure

The stationary apparatus for iontophoresis has two types of electrodes: active and passive. In accordance with the desired effect, a negatively or positively charged electrode is selected and applied as an active one. He participates in the procedure. The second, passive, is in the patient's hand. Moistened hydrophilic pads are put on the electrodes. This helps to avoid chemical burn on delicate skin. Before the start of the session, the patient is freed from all available metal objects. The procedure consists of several stages:

1. Preliminary cleansing of the skin surface enzyme peeling with AHA - acids or galvanic decontamination.
2. A preparation chosen by a specialist is applied to the skin. Its charge is similar to the charge of the active electrode, which the specialist drives over a certain area.
3. At the end of the procedure, the skin is treated with a moisturizing lotion.

The duration of the session is from 15 to 30 minutes. The patient feels a slight burning sensation, which quickly disappears.

Iontophoresis of the face is prescribed for the effective solution of age-related, teenage problems with facial skin:

• in order to eliminate, slow down the formation of wrinkles (it is better to start from the age of 35);
• lifting of the oval of the face due to the activation of the facial muscles;
• increase skin elasticity, its color;
• creation of tissue hydration;
• reduce nasolabial folds, crow's feet»;
• saturate the skin beneficial substances;
• cleanse the skin of toxins, free radicals;
• reduce the severity of scars, scars;
• elimination of acne, its consequences.

As a result, the skin acquires healthy elasticity, color, smoothness. Enhanced elimination of toxins relieves acne. Small wrinkles are eliminated, large wrinkles are noticeably reduced. puffiness disappears, dark circles near the eyes. Iontophoresis is indicated not only for facial correction. It is also used to eliminate local deposits of fat, cellulite, varicose veins veins and stretch marks.

Iontophoresis for hyperhidrosis effectively eliminates excessive sweating. Water with drugs dissolved in it in the form of ions enters the sweat glands. The procedure slows down the process of excessive sweating without damaging the glands.

Contraindications

The iontophoresis procedure has contraindications similar to other hardware methods:

• pregnancy, lactation;
• oncology;
• hyperthermia;
• infectious diseases during the period of exacerbation;
• problems with skin vessels;
• heart rhythm failures;
• maceration of the skin;
• the presence of a pacemaker.

The iontophoresis procedure is in many cases a safe alternative to mesotherapy. In this case, iontophoresis can be used even at home. The combination of galvanic current and skin-friendly preparations allows you to achieve excellent results facial rejuvenation without surgery.

The main principle of physiotherapy is the use of natural physical factors. Water, electrical impulses, sound waves and various types of thermal radiation are capable of exerting positive influence on the body. Due various techniques, and also depending on the type of physical impact, a certain therapeutic effect is achieved.

There are many treatment options, and given the huge number of sources of information, there is often confusion in terms. Difficulties are added by the fact that many of the names of the procedures are consonant. Therefore, it is worth telling in more detail about two methods of physiotherapy with a completely different principle of action - electrophoresis and phonophoresis - the difference between them and the main healing properties.

The fundamental difference between the two methods of physiotherapy lies in the physical factors artificially created with the help of devices. This can explain the list of indications for electrophoresis and phonophoresis. The first procedure is recommended for:

• Rhinite.
• Pharyngitis.
• Sinusitis.
• Front.
• Otite.
• Tonsillitis.
• Diseases of the respiratory system (BA, pneumonia, tracheitis, pleurisy, bronchiectasis, bronchitis).
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, of cardio-vascular system, genitourinary, nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine systems.
• Skin diseases.
• Diseases of the eyes.
• Dental diseases.
• In the postoperative period.

Phonophoresis is used to treat ENT diseases, but is not prescribed for coughing. The physiotherapeutic procedure is successfully used in cosmetology, in diseases of the joints and injuries. Used in gynecology.

To understand why the doctor directs to the procedure, you need to understand exactly how the device works, what is the effect on the body.

An appointment for a physiotherapy (phonophoresis or electrophoresis) is given by a doctor. It also determines the duration of the course.

electrophoresis

Electrophoresis, which is more correctly called iontophoresis, is based on the effect of an electric current that can split chemical substances for ions. The tissue is impregnated with the drug, which is placed under the electrode plates with opposite charges. When applying positively and negatively charged electrodes - an anode and a cathode - an electric field is created in the treated area, due to which the medicinal compositions break down into small components and penetrate the skin into the deep layers, where they form a depot. Due to this reserve, a long-term effect of the procedure is carried out.

With this method of treatment, it is important to consider Chemical properties elements. From the positive pole, preparations containing magnesium, potassium, calcium are injected - that is, elements from a number of metals. The negative electrode is intended for the introduction of salts, acids and alkalis - bromides, iodine preparations and nicotinic acid.

A person feels in the area of ​​influence light warmth and tingling. These sensations are associated with the action of an electric current and the action active components drug on skin receptors.

Phonophoresis

The main physical factor that is used for the phonophoresis procedure are ultrasonic waves, similar to those used in the apparatus for diagnostics using the ultrasound method. Instead of a gel that provides wave patency, medications are used for phonophoresis treatment.

The original name that fully explains the essence of the method is ultraphonophoresis, which eventually lost the first part and became shorter, introducing some confusion. The influence of ultrasonic waves on the body is still in the process of active study, but the essence of the method is that under the action of the device, the permeability of tissues improves by creating a directed flow. Sound at these frequencies can change physical properties tissues, making them more receptive to drug administration. At the same time, a feature of the method is that the effect of the drug continues only at the time of the passage of ultrasonic waves, in the direction of sound propagation. As soon as the device is turned off, the penetration of medicinal components ends without the formation of a reserve depot. In addition, the sound wave creates a vibration that provides a light deep tissue massage effect, which is also used in medical practice.

The physical impact on the patient during the phonophoresis procedure is reduced to a feeling of slight vibration or total absence any manifestations at low powers.

Features of physical impact suggest that these methods can be used to administer drugs for different purposes. Electrophoresis provides a prolonged effect, and phonophoresis gives a quick and short-term result.

Differences in the provision of a therapeutic effect

The difference in the physical factors used underlies the different principle of action and the therapeutic effect provided. Both methods are widely used in therapeutic practice, but are used in different cases.

For electrophoresis, the field of application in neurology, gynecology, ENT therapy is best known.

The ability of medicinal substances to decompose into ions and be deposited in the most accessible form for assimilation helps to cope with inflammatory processes. This excludes bad influence on gastrointestinal tract, which is a valuable advantage in the treatment of patients with diseases digestive system.

Another advantage is the possibility of introducing different drugs from two electrodes, which is widely used in the treatment of diseases of the joints or spine, where it is often necessary to simultaneously achieve analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

The method has proven itself in the field of cosmetology, where the property of the electric field is used to influence metabolic and regeneration processes. IN this case the introduction of the drug is aimed at deep renewal of the skin from the inside and stimulation of the activity of muscle fibers.

The method of electric shock certainly deserves attention in the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs and gynecology, since the abdominal administration of the drug in these areas is difficult and traumatic for the patient.

The use of phonophoresis for therapeutic purposes is widely used in traumatology, orthopedics and neurological practice. Due to vibration, regeneration processes are improved, while the action is clearly directed. Neighboring organs and tissues remain intact. The introduction of the drug also excludes the participation of the digestive system, which is favorable for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Vibrating sound vibrations improve metabolic processes and stimulate the outflow of fluid, which is often important in the treatment of post-traumatic edema. In neurology, this effect allows you to relieve pressure from the nerve endings and reduce pain syndrome which makes the person feel much better.

Removal of local edema and improvement of regeneration is accompanied by an improvement in local blood circulation, due to which the drug is delivered to the affected area. This effect is effective in the treatment gynecological diseases and organs of the gastrointestinal tract, allowing you to achieve therapeutic effect no general effect on the body.

conclusions

Both methods have proven themselves exclusively with positive side. They have few contraindications, and a competent physiotherapist will always take into account possible complications. At the same time, despite the consonant name, the scope of these methods differs in the phase of the disease and the required therapeutic effect.

The use of electrophoresis is justified if necessary to eliminate the focus of inflammation and create a prolonged effect of the drug. A huge advantage can be considered the ability to combine several medicines.

The use of phonophoresis is more effective in relieving edematous syndrome and improving metabolic processes in the affected area.

In any case, the decision to choose a particular procedure is possible only after consulting a doctor.

Despite the emergence of the latest cosmetic techniques, galvanization and iontophoresis do not lose ground. The reason is simple: they are simple and reliable methods with numerous positive reviews, accessible to any category of clients and understandable even to a novice cosmetologist. In addition, you can work with electroplating without a medical education.

Electroplating: principle of operation

Galvanization, or galvanization, in cosmetology is the procedure for influencing the body with a constant bipolar galvanic current with low voltage. healthy skin without damage, it does not pass current well, therefore, when external influence it enters the body through the hair follicles and ducts of the glands, distributing further in the intercellular spaces of the tissues.

Electroplating involves exposure to the skin and tissues with two electrodes:

• Active, having a direct therapeutic effect;
• Passive, closing the electrical circuit. It turns wet fabric lining, is attached to the patient's body near the site of exposure or is given to the patient's hand.

The created electric field sets the ions in motion: the positive electrode attracts negatively charged particles, the negative electrode attracts positively charged ones. The resulting ionic asymmetry in tissues has a beneficial effect on the vital activity of cells, activates intracellular biochemical processes, metabolic reactions, division, etc.

Electroplating in cosmetology

The impact on the problem area with an active positive electrode (anode) contributes to the closure of pores, skin tightening, narrowing blood vessels, removal of edema, acidification of the skin environment, decrease in the activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands.

The negative electrode (cathode) is used for:

• pore expansion;
• loosening and softening of the skin;
• opening blood vessels and enhancing microcirculation;
• strengthening the activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands;
• loosening of sebaceous plugs;
• skin cleansing.

The negative electrode alkalizes the surface of the skin, to restore its pH at the end of the procedure, it is recommended to change the polarity.

The type of electrode in galvinic is selected according to the indications:

• oily or dry skin type;
• oily or dry seborrhea;
• problem skin with comedones;
• hyperkeratosis;
• puffiness;
• epidermolysis;
• rosacea;
• small scars and post-acne scars;
• aging prevention.

Galvanic current shows high results in the fight against cellulite. He smooths out orange peels", reduces the appearance of stretch marks, improves skin elasticity. Electroplating helps to create perfect body: it causes a powerful effect of lymphatic drainage and prevents sagging of tissues against the background of weight loss.

The current strength is selected individually. The more powerful the impact, the brighter the possible side effects: burning, tingling, metallic taste in the mouth, etc. Electrode work goes on without interruption massage lines dashed and circular movements, through a conductive medium - a special gel for galvanization.

Contraindications to galvanization:

• intolerance to electric current;
• the presence of a pacemaker, metal pins, implants;
• epilepsy;
• pregnancy.

The electroplating course is up to 20 sessions of 15-30 minutes. Depending on the problem, procedures are prescribed daily, every other day or once a week. However, today in pure form electroplating in cosmetology is rarely used and most often exists in the form of disincrustation and iontophoresis.

Disincrustation - cleansing the skin of the face with a galvanic current from a negative policy with loosening of sebaceous plugs and their removal from the pores. Such cleaning is much more gentle and effective than ultrasonic peeling, it can be recommended to owners sensitive skin and appoint younger adolescents from 10-12 years old.

Indications for facial galvanization - problematic skin with folliculitis, hyperkeratosis and small comedones that are difficult to treat with normal mechanical cleaning. For the procedure, special salt or soda solutions- disinfectants. In addition to the main active ingredients professional tools contain reaction-enhancing potassium and magnesium ions, and skin-soothing plant extracts.

Under the action of the current, alkaline ions are released from the solutions, they react with the fatty acids of the sebaceous plugs, the contents of the pores turn into soap and are easily removed. An indicator of the effectiveness of the procedure is the appearance of bubbles under the electrode. Old hard comedones can be removed manually- they will become more pliable. Together with impurities, dead cells of the stratum corneum are removed from the surface of the face. After cleansing, it is recommended to close the pores with a positive electrode.

The term "electrophoresis" is formed from two words: electrolysis - "decay into positive and negative ions" and phoresis, which means "introduction of substances into the skin." The more common names for this procedure in cosmetology are iontophoresis, non-injection mesotherapy or ion mesotherapy. In the process of iontophoresis, there is a combined effect on tissues of direct electric current and the introduction of medicinal and active substances with its help. If the drug ampoules are not enough for a good glide, you can use a contact gel.

The main nuances of iontophoresis in cosmetology:

• the indications and choice of the electrode are determined by the properties of the administered drug;
• drug ions are able to penetrate deep into the epidermis up to the basal layer and accumulate in the dermis;
• active substances from such depots are released gradually and absorbed by the skin over several hours and even days.

For ionic mesotherapy, you can buy ready-made preparations or make your own cocktails according to the usual indications and standard recipes. The treatment regimen is prescribed, adjusted for the phoreticity of the drugs.

Means for iontophoresis

Means for iontophoresis, being electrolytes, consist of concentrated complexes of different polarity. For the convenience of the cosmetologist, each package of the drug is marked with "+" or "-", indicating the choice of electrode.

The main groups of means for iontophoresis in cosmetology:

• moisturizing;
• nutritional;
• with lifting effect;
• anti-couperose;
• anti-inflammatory.

They can be medicinal, cosmetic or cosmeceutical.

For iontophoresis, plant extracts, placental-collagen masks, meso-cocktails with peptides and microelements are also used.

Hyaluronic acid iontophoresis

Hyaluronic acid iontophoresis is controversial. It is believed that in order to achieve a pronounced hydrating effect, it must be administered intradermally. External use only softens the upper layer of the epidermis, for a total amount hyaluronic acid with subsequent collagenogenesis in the body, drugs do not affect, since they are quickly excreted.

Hyaluronic acid iontophoresis has its advantages:

• binds and retains moisture in the upper layers of the skin, which is no less important for its condition;
• stimulates wound healing, binds inflammatory processes, reduces the risk of scarring;
• stimulates the immunomodulatory effect;
• activates metabolic processes;
• restores tone, improves the condition of fine wrinkles;
• creates a slightly acidic environment unfavorable for pathogenic microorganisms.

Regular iontophoresis procedures lead to the formation of a depot with hyaluronic acid, so the effectiveness of the course will be higher and longer than individual sessions. The severity of the action will also be affected by the characteristics of the active substance in the means for iontophoresis. Molecules of hyaluronic acid in the latest generation of preparations developed by the world's leading manufacturers are able to penetrate deeper into the skin and decompose more slowly.

How to choose a device for electroplating and iontophoresis

Before buying a device for electroplating and iontophoresis, you should pay attention to the following factors:

• device manufacturer;
• functional;
• power;
• ease of use and detailed instructions;
• availability of certificates.

Galvanic devices for the face have a current intensity range of up to 5 mA. They can be equipped with oval, spherical, cone-shaped electrodes that allow you to process hard-to-reach areas. It is convenient when one device combines ranges for the face and body, in addition, they are equipped with electrodes for large areas.

Desincrustation and iontophoresis are often functions of cosmetic combines. Versatility is the main advantage of such equipment: one device can produce different types current and significantly expand the range of procedures. It is not worth saving on the purchase of a cosmetic combine, reliable and efficient devices are found only from leading manufacturers. So, cosmetologists give positive feedback about the facial devices of the Italian company Decomedical - an authoritative brand in the field of professional equipment for a beautiful business.

The method that will be discussed is one of the oldest in physiotherapy. About 200 years ago, the Italian physicist A. Volta, satisfying his immense curiosity, created a continuous current generator. Luigi Galvani researched its effect first on frogs. Very soon galvanic current, as an undoubted "high tech" and newest word in science of the 19th century, began to be used in medicine. It turned out with good effect. And for about 100 years, galvanic current has been faithfully serving cosmetologists.

The use of galvanic current is quite diverse. IN modern cosmetology allocate following procedures: galvanization, iontophoresis, disincrustation and. Let's try to understand the terms.

The current used for procedures has traditional, well-established characteristics: (constant continuous, voltage 60-80 W., current strength up to 50 mA). Such a current is called galvanic. Because of this, the very impact on the body of such a current through various electrodes is called galvanization.

The introduction of various medicinal and cosmetic preparations using an electric current is called electrophoresis. Electrophoresis can be carried out using direct (galvanic) current, as well as using some types of pulsed currents.

electrophoresis

In cosmetology, electrophoresis medicines more commonly referred to as iontophoresis. The term is not entirely accurate, but already familiar.
Thus, technically, iontophoresis differs from galvanization only in the presence of a medicinal substance under the electrode.

Electrophoresis (iontophoresis) saponifying substances in combination with the action of the negative pole of the galvanic current is used in cosmetology for the saponification of comedones. The procedure is called deincrustation, or galvanic cleaning.

The ability of galvanic current to deliver medicinal substances deep into the skin is used in the procedure of ion mesotherapy, or ionotherapy. In fact, this is electrophoresis of medicinal substances using stationary electrodes. The procedure is performed without injections. Indications, therapeutic tactics and cocktail recipes correspond to the schemes adopted in mesotherapy, adjusted for the phoreticity of drugs.

Thus:

1. Galvanization = therapeutic effect direct current
2. Iontophoresis \u003d galvanization + medicinal substance
3. Ionic mesotherapy = iontophoresis with stationary electrodes
4. Desincrustation = iontophoresis of saponifiers

The mechanism of action of the galvanization method

At the heart of the action of direct current is the process of electrolysis. Substances near the electrodes break down into ions. The ions move under the influence of current. Water molecules break down into H+ and OH- ions. Near the electrodes, ions interact with water, forming electrolysis products - acid and alkali.

Electrolysis products can cause chemical burns at the electrode site - alkaline burn under the cathode and acid burn under the anode. This is especially true for the stationary location of the electrodes. To avoid this, the electrode is separated from the skin with a hydrophilic pad. After the procedure, the gasket must be washed or changed.

A change in the concentration of ions leads to irritation of the skin receptors, with a slight burning sensation and tingling. The passage of current through tissues causes polarization - the accumulation of ions on biological membranes. At a certain concentration of ions, cells enter an excited (electrically active) state. Cellular and tissue metabolism, cell excitability change.

This increases the passive transport of large protein molecules and other substances that do not carry a charge (electrodiffusion), and hydrated ions (electroosmosis). This means an acceleration of cellular and intracellular renewal: a rapid supply building material, nutrients and regulatory substances, as well as the timely removal of metabolic products from the cell.

Galvanization

Galvanization is carried out stationary, movable electrodes or using trays. To conduct current, saline or a conductive gel is used.

The choice of active electrode depends on the indication. Negative and positive electrodes have different effects on tissues:

Indications: all types of seborrhea, dry aging skin, acne scars.

How do substances penetrate the skin with the help of current?

• A constant electric current causes the movement of ions.
• With the help of direct current, it is possible to inject through the skin and mucous membranes both small and larger particles of medicinal substances that carry an electric charge.
• The method of introducing medicinal ions through the skin and mucous membranes with the help of current is called electrophoresis (iontophoresis).
• Charged particles are repelled from the electrode of the same name and go deep into the skin.
• Thus, negatively charged ions are introduced from the negative electrode.
• The highest mobility of medicinal substances dissolved in water.
• Injected drug ions penetrate the epidermis and accumulate in the upper layers of the dermis. During iontophoresis, substances go to a depth of up to 1.5 cm.
• In the area of ​​influence after the procedure, a depot is formed, from which the drug penetrates into the cells gradually. The period of action of the medicinal substance is from 3 hours to 15-20 days.

Technical terms

• For the procedure, two electrodes are always used - positive and negative.
• The negative electrode is called the cathode. Usually all wires and connections from the negative pole are made in black.
• The positive electrode is called the anode. It is marked in red.
• The electrodes that are used in the procedure can be of different sizes. On a smaller electrode, the current density is higher and its effect is more pronounced. The smaller electrode is called active.
• The active electrode affects the problem area.
• Passive (indifferent) - electrode larger area. It is usually held in the patient's hand or attached to the body.
• A passive electrode can also carry a therapeutic load. Bipolar iontophoresis can be carried out - negatively charged ions will be absorbed from the negative electrode, and positively charged ions from the positive electrode, respectively.
• If the electrodes are equal in area, more pronounced sensations occur under the negative electrode.
• The polarity of a substance is the charge of its active particles. Ions of the same name are repelled from the electrode and go deep into the tissues. Therefore, negative ions are introduced from the negative electrode.

Types of electrodes for electrophoresis

• For procedures, three main types of electrodes are used: labile, stationary and electrodes for galvanic baths.
• Labile electrodes are used for sliding treatment of the skin of the face, neck, and décolleté. These are metal electrodes. different shapes. The form is selected for ease of use.
• A conical electrode is usually used to work out the area around the eyes. Spherical or electrode roller - for cheeks, neck and decollete.
• Labile electrodes must necessarily slide over the gel or aqueous solution. Drying the solution reduces the conductivity of the skin and unpleasant tingling appears.
• Stationary electrodes are conductive plates that are fixed on the skin. Stationary electrodes are metal (lead or other metal plates), rubber (conductive latex), and graphite (disposable graphitized paper plates).
• The stationary electrode is on the skin for 10-30 minutes. Therefore, under the electrode, there must be a gasket made of cloth or paper 0.5-1 cm thick. The gasket is moistened with water or saline. During iontophoresis, the pad is moistened with a solution of a medicinal substance.
• The purpose of the pad is to improve current conduction and protect the skin from irritating substances that are produced on the electrodes.
• The gasket must be washed or disinfected after each procedure. Easy to use disposable wipes.
• Electrodes for galvanic baths are graphite plates that are placed in a container of water. In this case, all the water or solution behaves like an electrode. Absorption of medicinal substances into the skin comes from water.

Contraindications to galvanization

General for electrotherapy: oncological and pre-oncological diseases, febrile conditions, purulent processes, extensive violations of the integrity of the skin, systemic skin diseases, chronic cardiac and kidney failure, pregnancy, the presence of a pacemaker, individual current intolerance.

Specific (when working on the face): rashes, eczema, tooth sensitivity, dental cysts, diseases thyroid gland, cysts and tumor diseases of the breast.

Contraindications for iontophoresis

Contraindications to iontophoresis are all contraindications to galvanization plus intolerance to the injected substance.

More about the technique of iontophoresis and galvanization in cosmetology and about the substances that are used for this - in methodological guide"", in the book by N. Bakhovets on hardware facial cosmetology and ours.

Today, anyone can purchase an electrophoresis device at a pharmacy or a specialized store. This device can be used at home. Therefore, these devices are often used to treat diseases that are associated with limited motor activity.

Electrophoresis is a combined method of treatment, a medicinal substance that is introduced into the body through current.

For electrophoresis, substances are used that dislocate into ions in solutions.

As solvents are used:

1. distilled water.
2. Saline With different meanings pH.
3. For water-soluble substances it is advisable to use dimethyl sulfoxide (dimexide).

The permeability of the skin for medicinal substances decreases in the direction from the head to the feet:

1. Maximum insight characterized by facial skin.
2. the greatest insight skin of legs and feet.

It should be noted that the permeability of the mucous membranes during the galvanic introduction of substances is 2–2.5 times greater than the permeability of the skin. The penetration depth of substances during electrophoresis is approximately 1 cm. With age, skin turgor decreases, which leads to a decrease in the amount of drug introduced into the body.

The rather low permeability of the skin for medicinal substances leads to the fact that about half of the administration of drugs is retained in the skin and, creating a depot there, causes the effect of a "microdropper".

Electrophoresis is characterized by prolonged exposure to drugs. If, under the action of galvanic current, the aftereffect lasts up to 4 hours after the session, then antibiotics remain in the depot for up to 3 days.

Adrenaline and norepinephrine are excreted from the body within a week. A rather promising modification of drug electrophoresis is internal organ electrophoresis, in which the required medication is administered intravenously and during the period of its highest concentration in the blood, galvanization is carried out on the organ concerned.

Conducting at home

electrophoresis- carried out as medical institutions, as well as at home. All you need to do is follow the instructions for using the device. But the number and duration of sessions, as well as the drugs used, should be prescribed by the attending physician.

For the procedure, it is desirable to use the services of a doctor. This is especially important if you are this procedure first. The doctor will teach you the correct use and also answer all your questions. Devices for treatment are sold in specialized stores and pharmacies.

The procedure is absolutely painless for a person. It involves the introduction of certain medications into the mucous membrane.

In addition, therapy is carried out in two directions:

1. Specially selected preparations.

This procedure does not age restrictions. However, children are usually treated at home.

Before carrying out this procedure, you need to consult a specialist or independently study the installation methods of all electrodes. The knowledge gained will save you from accidents. That is, it will ensure safety.

Your healthcare provider should determine:

1. The duration of the procedure.
2. Medicines used.
3. Applied apparatus.

Indications and contraindications for use

Electrophoresis of medicinal substances is used to treat local and regional processes of a different nature:

1. Inflammatory.
2. Dystrophic.
3. Allergic etc.

Electricity successfully used for:

1. Vertebrogenic diseases.
2. Diseases of the central and peripheral system (encephalitis, myelitis, neuritis, pleiasitis, radiculitis).
3. neuroses (neurasthenia).
4. Bronchial asthma.
5. muscle hypertonicity.
6. Osteochondrosis.
7. With the threat of miscarriage.
8. For problems with conception.
9. With kidney disease.
10. chronic hepatitis.
11. Cirrhosis of the liver.
12. Liver damage.
13. Dyskinesia of the gallbladder.

The electrophoresis procedure is safe and accessible to everyone.

However, there are diseases in which it is undesirable to use these devices:

1. Malignant neoplasms.
2. Various stages heart failure.
3. Purulent formations on the skin.
4. Various skin diseases(dermatitis, eczema and others).
5. Diseases of the genitourinary system.
6. Increased or decreased clotting blood.
7. The procedure is prohibited with an increase in body temperature.
8. In addition, electrophoresis devices cannot be used. if a person suffers from intolerance to electric current.
9. If the patient has metal dentures, then the electrodes should not be applied to the face.

If you follow the recommendations of the doctor and follow the instructions of the special device, the procedure will bring a positive result. In fact, using an electrophoresis device at home is in no way inferior to conducting a procedure in a hospital.

Advantages and solutions for electrophoresis

Main benefits of treatment:

1. medicinal product comes in the form of ions (the most digestible form).
2. Usage minimum dosages.
3. There is no penetration substances into the bloodstream.
4. The drug penetrates to the required place.
5. Active substance accumulates in the right place.
6. Injected drugs operate for a long time.
7. No side effects as well as allergies.
8. Positive influence electrical current to body tissue.
9. Recovery processes go much faster.
10. Low price.
11. Painlessness.

The solution consists of pure water and medicines. During this procedure, medicines are used that can penetrate the outer covering of the body. The number and dosage of drugs is determined by the doctor.

Substances used for electrophoresis:

• aloe;
• vitamin B1;
• lidocaine;
• mumiyo;
• pachycarpine;
• trypsin;
• ascorbic acid;
• bromine;
• gumizol;
• panangin;
• tannin;
• atropine;
• lidase;
• copper sulfate;
• platifillin;
• eufillin;
• baralgin;
• a nicotinic acid;
• streptocide, etc.;

Effects and possible side effects

1. Relaxation of smooth muscles that cover the organs.
2. Normalization of work s internal organs.
3. positive impact for pain syndrome.
4. Increasing the speed of impact medicines.
5. On certain period time blood vessels dilate.
6. Restoration of functioning all metabolic processes in the body.

The procedure itself does not carry any danger. The devices are designed in such a way that they can be used ordinary people without special skills.

The only complication that may arise- This allergic reaction for the drug being used.

As a rule, this complication is manifested by such reactions of the body:

• hives;
• itchy rash;
• anaphylactic shock;
• angioedema;

Device overview

Currently sold in stores a large number of various devices for physiotherapy.

The most popular devices are:

• GR-2 (10,000 rubles);
• AGN-32 (8500 rubles);
• Flow-1 (11,000 rubles);
• MedTeCo;
• Potok-Br (10,800 rubles);
• AGP-33 (5600 rubles);
• Elfor (2100 rubles);

These devices are characterized by the following set of qualities:

1. Standard sizes.
2. Optimal performance.
3. Easy to manage and service.
4. Can be used at home.

What can replace electrophoresis at home?

Galvanization is alternative method physiotherapy. Contact application with a therapeutic and rehabilitation purpose of electric current (up to 50mA) and low (30–80 voltage) is called galvanization.

Effects of galvanization:

1. Biophysical. Electric current enters the body through the glands. In the future, it spreads through the blood and lymphatic vessels. As a result of the action of the current, the electrolysis of water molecules and substances dissolved in it is carried out, which leads to a sharp increase in the number of free radicals and changes in pH and ionic conjuncture.
2. Physiological. Changes in pH and ionic conjuncture, an increase in the number of free radicals lead to an acceleration of the flow rate:
   
   • Redox reactions.
   • Metabolic intensification.
   • tissue respiration.
   • Activation of enzyme systems.
   • Acceleration of the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

As a result of the production of biologically active substances, the opening of reserve capillaries, an increase in vascular permeability, hyperemia is observed at the site of electrode application for up to 2 hours. In addition, galvanic current increases the threshold of excitability of nerve endings.

Galvanic current has:

1. Absorbable.
2. Anti-inflammatory.
3. Regenerative and action.

In general, the effect of galvanic current on the body can be called biostimulating:

1. Influence study galvanic current on the body and body systems showed that it stimulates the medulla oblongata, the reticular formation and the limbic system, thus enhancing the regulatory role of the central nervous system.
2. It exhibits a mild bronchodilator effect and improves the function of external respiration.
3. Besides, it leads to a decrease blood pressure, a decrease in heart rate, increased contractile function of the myocardium and improved coronary circulation.
4. In the same time, it enhances the motor function of the stomach organs and normalizes the acidity of gastric contents.
5. An important element of action on the body is the effect on endocrine system, in particular, has the ability to activate products.
6. Galvanic current has certain immunomodulatory properties.
7. Besides, it activates various systems.

Galvanic current is successfully used for:

1. Vertebrogenic diseases.
2. Diseases of the central and peripheral system(encephalitis, myelitis, neuritis, radiculitis).
3. neuroses(neurasthenia), bronchial asthma.
4. Diseases of the stomach which are characterized by impaired secretion and motility.
5. pancreatitis is also an indication for the use of galvanic current.

An important element of action is its ability to promote bone consolidation. In addition, it is successfully used for menopausal disorders in women.