Fence from a stone with a tree. About the types of stone for the fence. Approximate time frame for the construction of a stone fence

Strong, aesthetically pleasing and durable stone fencing can be an excellent protection for your home. To build a stone fence is quite within the power of every resident country house, the main thing is to try hard.

Pros and cons of stone fencing

Stone is one of the most common materials used to build fences. Stone fencing is a weighty argument that buyers take into account when buying a house.

Advantages of stone fences:

Strength. It is quite difficult to break or make a hole in such a fence, you cannot do without special devices and tools, which means that your home will be under good protection.
Durability. Stone fence can last long years, centuries-old buildings are known, which become architectural monuments. Such fences easily tolerate adverse weather: heat and cold, wind and rain.
Presentability. Fencing buildings made of stone always catch the eye, because they are beautiful, moreover, they often testify to the wealth of the owners.
Compatibility with other materials. The stone is easily assembled when building a fence with wooden and metal fragments. Often, forged metal delights or wooden elements become decorations for a stone fence.
Fire resistance. A stone fence will become an effective fence against the penetration of fire into the territory of a suburban area from the outside.
Environmental Safety. Stone is a natural material, so you can be one hundred percent sure that there are no dangerous effects of stone buildings on human health.
No size restrictions. A stone fence can be built in the dimensions that are necessary according to the design idea, there are no "prohibitions" on the parameters, the stones can be laid out to the required height and width.

With all the positive characteristics of this material, some disadvantages of a stone fence should be taken into account:

High cost. Stone is an expensive material, its installers also value their work not cheap, so a stone fence is a pleasure for wealthy people. It is possible to save money if you build such a fence yourself and collect stones for the construction of the fence.
"Pickiness" of stone structures. The significant weight of such buildings implies the presence of a solid foundation under them, therefore stone structures need a reliable soil foundation, areas with soil vibrations, with nearby groundwater are unacceptable. A reliable and durable foundation is a prerequisite for the construction of a stone fence.
The complexity of the process (the construction of a stone fence requires a lot of time and effort).

Choice of stone material

Having weighed all the pros and cons of stone fencing structures near houses or summer cottages, it is necessary to decide on the material from which the fence will be built.

To build a stone fence, you can use:

cobblestone;
pebbles;
limestone;
sandstone;
dolomite stone;
granite, etc.

Each of the listed materials helps to solve certain problems and, accordingly, is suitable for different protective structures. Quite a few important point when choosing a stone - its cost, which can also be different.

Preparatory stages

Like any serious project, building a stone fence with your own hands requires preliminary preparation. First you need to decide on the place and size of the future building, calculate, select and purchase material, acquire the necessary tools. The preparation also includes cleaning and leveling the site for the future fence. Any debris, trees and plants will interfere with the construction of the protective structure.

Based on the cost of the selected material and the dimensions of the fence, we draw up an estimate and figure out whether such construction is within our power. Of course, a self-built stone fence saves the cost of a team of builders. Therefore, we will try to do without hired workers, applying our own strengths and skills.

Area calculation

Measure the width of the tape base of the fence and add eight centimeters on each side. For example, 45 + 16 = 61 cm (0.61 m) - this is the width of the foundation part of the fence.
Measure the length of each side of the fence (from the corner posts). For example, let's take the length of each side - 10 meters.
The base area of each side of the stone fence is calculated as 10 m, multiplied by 0.61 m. It turns out 6.1 m 2.
Further, this figure is multiplied by the number of sides of the fence (usually 4, but there may be options if one of the sides is being built by neighbors, etc.) 6.1 x 4 = 24.4 m².
If the fence is not solid, but there are sections with a gate or garage doors, then subtract their dimensions from the resulting 24.4 m².
When calculating the area, the area of the pillars is also taken into account (if they are also made of stone).

In general, calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation of a stone fence is a purely individual matter; every novice builder can cope with this. If you doubt your abilities, contact the specialists who will make all the necessary calculations and draw up a project.

Fence dimensions

Depending on the functions assigned to the stone fence, the acceptable dimensions of this structure are selected. Fences can be low, in which case they play a decorative role rather than a protective one. Some owners use a stone in the fence to decorate their homes, here we are talking about the decorative function of a stone structure around a house or cottage. Such fences can be of completely different sizes and configurations.

The average parameters of a solid blank fence behind which you can hide from prying eyes, such: height - 2 meters, width of spans between racks - 2.5 meters, width of supporting pillars - half a meter.

Material selection

A fence built of cobblestone will be very durable and retain its natural flavor. However, under natural conditions, the choice of color for such a material is not very rich. You can dream up and arrange the cobblestones according to shades, or you can not go in cycles in color, relying on intuition.

Cobblestone can be acquired by walking through the fields, but it is better to purchase it in specialized stores. Usually they lay out a fence of stone specimens with one flat side, if there is none, then they cut the cobblestone. It is desirable that the cobblestones be approximately the same size. This will greatly speed up and simplify the construction process.

For the construction of complex structures, as well as for the design and strengthening of corners, pebbles and gravel should be taken. These small stones are also suitable for laying out patterns in a stone fence. Fencing entirely from this small stone is rarely made, it is used to fill the metal mesh in the construction of gabions.

Rubble stone is suitable for "playing" with the design. Buta produces unique beautiful spans with a unique configuration. The length of the edges of such stones varies between 55–400 mm, which is what original designers use in their style decisions. Rubble stone can be used both for the construction of the base of the fence, and for its finishing.

Dolomite has a big plus - flat shape, it is obtained during blasting in quarries. Such a stone is more often used as a material for cladding, but its use as the basis of a fence is not excluded.

Limestone fencing is easier to build because it is softer than other stones, but this material is not suitable for building fences in areas with a humid climate. Limestone (shell stone) does not withstand high humidity and low temperatures, and buildings from it begin to quickly collapse. If you nevertheless took this stone as the basis for the construction, then in order to extend its service, try to treat the limestone with special compounds - water repellents.

Durable, resistant to sub-zero temperatures material - sandstone. It has been used by builders since ancient times. various works. The advantages of this material are in its multifaceted color shades (there are stones of green-blue, yellow, red, brown colors on sale), which allows them to be used in accordance with design decoration the entire area. During construction, you can take sandstone with different surface- chipped or polished. Sandstone is often used even when laying the foundation, this is due to its high strength.

Material calculation

Before proceeding with mathematical operations, you need to determine the entire list of necessary materials (in addition to the stone itself):

material for waterproofing;
fittings for poles;
reinforcing bars (d = 10–12 mm);
boards for the construction of formwork;
sand, gravel, cement.

On the Internet resources you can find programs that allow you to calculate the required amount of materials.

The base of the fence is an expanded area for pillars and "ribbons" between them, filled with concrete. Piles are used to strengthen this structure. An example of the calculation can be seen in the figure below. The calculation algorithm can be as follows:

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation of the supporting column - we multiply the values \u200b\u200bof the width, length and height.
The total amount of concrete for the posts will be equal to the area of the foundation of 1 column, multiplied by the number of supports.
The volume of concrete mix for the base of the spans between the posts is calculated by multiplying the length, width and height of this part of the fence.
The number of spans, multiplied by the number obtained in the previous paragraph, gives the total volume of concrete to fill all spans.
Repeat steps 3 and 4 to determine the amount of concrete mix for piles.
Adding all the volumes, we find the value of the total amount of concrete for the fence.

Required tool

In order for the work to be argued and not to stop, try to stock up in advance with everything necessary for construction. You will need:

shovels of different types (shovel, bayonet);
concrete mixer (or improvised means that replace it);
container sets various sizes(for concrete, water);
hammers, sledgehammers (for crushing stones, driving piles, etc.);
plumb or level;
roulette;
a device for measuring angles (an ordinary square of large sizes is suitable);
screwdriver, nails, screws;
welding machine (can be replaced with wire) - for fastening reinforcement bars;
stakes and cord (for marking).

Stages of building a stone fence

After carrying out the preparatory work, you can proceed to the actual construction of the fence. This process is time-consuming and difficult, so you should stock up on patience and perseverance.

Foundation laying

Strip foundation - the basis and guarantee that the fence will last a long time. This structure must be continuous, even in those places where there will be openings (gates, gates, etc.).

The sequence of actions during the construction of the foundation of the fence is as follows:

With the help of a cord and pegs, we mark the future fence. You can use the services of professionals to determine the boundaries and locations of the fence posts.
Fence marking - a necessary stage in the construction of the fence
On the marked area, we dig a trench, the width of which should be 8 centimeters more than the width of the fence on each side. For example, the width of the fence is supposed to be 30 cm, which means that you need to dig a trench 46 cm wide.
We lay a layer of sand at the bottom of the dug hole and tamp it down. From improvised wooden materials (boards, plywood, etc.), we construct a formwork (slightly higher than the proposed strip foundation), lay the reinforcement.
With the help of a special shovel (screw) we make holes for piles up to 70 cm deep and 15 cm wide. We also place sand at the bottom of these recesses and tamp them down.
On top of the sand we pour our gravel 10 cm thick.
On the marked area, we dig a trench, the width of which should be 8 centimeters more than the width of the fence on each side
Then we fill the trench with formwork and piles with a concrete mixture. The reinforcement must be covered with concrete by at least 20 mm. A mandatory action is the compaction of concrete, for this a deep vibrator is used. Concrete should be poured in a continuous stream, at one time, avoiding the separation of this process for several days. Hollow concrete cubes - foundation cups - will help in strengthening the entire fence structure. You can make them yourself, or you can buy them ready-made, but you will have to pay a fairly large amount.
After pouring, we withstand more than a week, while it is desirable to build a blind area - to protect the foundation. You can use sheets of roofing material or thick polyethylene. Periodic moistening of the poured foundation will give the structure additional strength and protect it from cracking.
After the concrete has hardened, we remove the formwork and clean the top layer of the foundation from debris and dirt.
The poured concrete is covered with roofing material

Stone preparation

While the foundation is going through the solidification stage, you can not waste time and prepare the stone. Sorting, cleaning and drying of material are mandatory manipulations during construction. If the stones are too convex, their surface is cut off with a hammer and other tools, trying to give them a flat shape.

Larger stones are set aside for the installation of support posts, small specimens are prepared for use in the construction of spans. You can also sort the stones by color by dividing the appropriate color shades into groups.

Pole installation

The rigidity of the structure and its reliability largely depend on the supporting pillars. Racks are installed on concrete bowls that were built earlier. Support poles can be built in a variety of ways. It is convenient to use a sliding formwork for these purposes (a box of boards of the required dimensions, without a bottom). This formwork is located in such a way that the channel is in the middle, then the solution is poured.

The following manipulations are repeated for each row of stones:

select stones of the right size;
they are laid tightly against the walls of the formwork;
take out the stacked stones;
prepare a solution;
stones are laid and fixed with mortar.

Watch the solution carefully - it should not be too liquid. When the formwork is filled to the end with rows of stones with mortar, you need to “build up” the formwork by placing a second wooden box without a bottom on the first one and fastening them with self-tapping screws. All actions are repeated until the second box is filled. Then you need to wait at least a day for the resulting part of the column to dry out, and continue this process until the support is built to the desired height. The first part of the formwork must be removed, leaving the second, and the third level of support must be attached to it, etc. Mortar must be added to the seams between the stones (cement - 1 part, sand - 3 parts). Excess solution and dirt must be removed with a foam sponge dipped in water.

Photo gallery: installation steps for supporting fence posts

The first stage of the installation of pillars: the stones are placed in a sliding formwork and poured with mortar After pouring concrete and gaining strength, the formwork is disassembled and rises higher - so that it Bottom part a few centimeters covered the top of the already cast column The final stage: the post is molded to the desired height

Stone laying

In parallel with the installation of pillars, it is possible to carry out work on laying stones in spans. The optimal size of stones is 20–25 cm. The sequence of actions is as follows:

Apply cement mortar to the base of the foundation (cement:sand = 1:3).
Lay out the first row of stones, turning them flat side up.
Between the stones, pour a solution into which you can add a color scheme of a certain color. To avoid hardening of the solution, these manipulations are carried out quickly, without rest.
After laying one row, give it time to harden and only after that continue laying the stones.

Video: building a stone fence

Tips from seasoned builders:

When working with the solution, make sure that its particles do not fall on the front of the stones. If you notice the solution on the stones, then it must be urgently removed, preventing hardening. If, nevertheless, areas of stones with a hardened solution have formed, use a metal brush mounted on a drill to remove it.
Start laying out spans from the outer borders.
Use a cord or rope stretched from the beginning to the end of the span - for orientation in laying rows of stones, so that the fence is smooth, without distortions.
Use dressing - laying the stones of the upper row with support from the stones of the second or third underlying row.
To get a smooth edge of the fence, select for last row stones of the same height. The same result can be achieved by applying a cement screed.

There is an old way of laying stone that does not require mortar. In this case, the building will not be fragile, as it might seem at first glance. If you are interested in this method - watch the video on this topic.

Video: laying stone without mortar

Completion of stone fence construction

To make your structure look neat and not look like a pile of stones, you need to give it a finished look. For this, stitching is done. The solution fills the seams between the stones at different depths, due to which it is possible to achieve decorative look fence.

Most convenient time for such manipulations - 3-4 hours after laying the stones, later it will be more difficult to do this, because the solution will become tight and less pliable. For jointing, use trowels, scrapers, a metal brush, foam rubber and hydrochloric acid solution (30%), do not forget about safety precautions and put on rubber gloves. To divert excess liquid, special caps are put on the pillars.

Decorating a stone fence is a purely individual matter. You can add decorative elements made of wood, forged fragments, drawings from small stones, giving the fence a special beauty and originality.

Building a stone fence with your own hands is a long and laborious process, but the result will please its creator and everyone around. Try to build a stone fence yourself and you will not regret it!

Currently, for the construction of fences, there is a huge variety of materials and technologies. Stone is considered the most durable of all. From it are obtained reliable, textured and durable fences. For the construction of such a fence, you can hire craftsmen, but why overpay if it is quite possible to build it on your own? Let's understand the intricacies of the process.

Pros and cons of stone fences (table)

+	-
The service life of a stone fence is at least half a century. It all depends on how responsibly you approach the masonry process.	Some types of stones have a very high price.
The stone is an environmentally friendly and safe raw material, as it belongs to natural materials.	The stone fence has a very big weight, therefore, for its construction will require a solid and powerful foundation.
Wide price range, which depends on the type of stones and their fractions.
Fireproof material.
It is easy to mount.
Due to the aesthetic properties of the stone, the fence will go well with any landscape.
The stone can be combined with other materials.

Varieties of stones

Fences made of stone began to build a long time ago. Since ancient times, such fences have protected people's homes. Modern builders and landscape designers often take natural materials as their main raw material.

There are a huge number of types of natural and artificial stones on the market, from which you can get confused. Right choice stone is a very important point. With it, you can emphasize the style of your site.

Cobblestone. In another way, it is called a boulder stone. It is the most common and affordable option due to different factions. Despite the fact that it is simple, its strength is higher than that of other species. The disadvantages include its gray color, which is not to everyone's taste. The red-brown color of cobblestone is less common.
Gravel. It is also considered a popular option. Fences from it can take any form. The combination of coarse and fine gravel allows you to create original fences. Small gravel can fill the iron frame. To create a durable fence, gravel is combined with brick.
Dolomite stone. Has a flat shape different sizes and thickness. The place of its production is mountain quarries. This is a high quality natural stone. The constructed fence from it will be durable and attractive.
Limestone. There are shell rock, marble-like limestone and bryozoan. It is soft and therefore easy to handle. For beginners, this is ideal. Its disadvantages include the fact that it absorbs moisture. So that it does not destroy the stone, it is necessary to pre-treat it with a water repellent.
Sandstone. The use of this stone for the construction of fences has been going on for a considerable number of years. It is a durable, frost and moisture resistant stone.
Booth. Mined from sandstone, limestone and dolomite. Stone Not correct form. Its edge can be from 15 to 50 centimeters. From it not only build fences, but also trim them.
Fake diamond. IN Lately its popularity is growing due to the fact that it is much cheaper than natural. Most often it is made of concrete with the addition of pigments. Finished copies practically do not differ from their originals.

Combining stones with other materials

The original combination is a combination of wood and stone.

Thanks to these natural materials, the fence blends in harmoniously with the environment. True, to make such a fence is quite difficult. Special skills and preliminary developments are required.

Gabions have been very popular lately.

Translated from French, it means "stones in a grid." The basis for such a fence is a mesh of thick metal wire. Fine and medium gravel is poured into it. In addition, fragments of bricks, rubble and other stones are often poured into it. The fence can be of any shape. The end result is an attractive and durable fence.

The combination of stone and brick is the most popular fencing option.

The fence turns out to be presentable, durable, resistant to temperature extremes and weather conditions.

Preparatory work

The preparatory work includes the design and acquisition of all necessary tools and materials. The fence project and all the necessary calculations can be done using special online programs from open sources. The choice of material depends on your financial and taste preferences. Description of the most popular above. And from the tools you will need a concrete mixer, a tape measure, a shovel, a trowel, a building level, pegs and a rope.

The preparatory work also includes clearing the territory, leveling the ground and marking. The latter is carried out by driving in pegs and pulling a rope between them along the perimeter of the future fence.

Foundation

As mentioned earlier, the stone fence has an impressive mass, so the arrangement of the base must be approached with all responsibility. A solid tape reinforced base is ideal.

The width of the foundation should be 150 millimeters greater than the width of the future fence. The height of the plinth is up to you. The main thing is that it should not be lower than 100-150 millimeters.

support poles

For the construction of pillars, the "sliding formwork" method is used. The optimal dimensions for supports are considered to be 30x30 or 40x40 centimeters. The formwork is assembled from boards and fastened with self-tapping screws.

Ideally, give each tier a day to dry before laying the next one. Thus, the pillars will be more durable.

Laying out spans

After the base and pillars are built, you can begin to build spans. The optimal size of stones for them is considered to be 200-250 millimeters. Due to their not too large mass, they are easier and more convenient to work with. big stones can be broken with a hammer or crushed with a perforator. The stones are held together with a thick mortar made from sand and cement in a ratio of 3:1, respectively. Adding dry dye to the mixture will allow you to get seams of a different color than the solution has.

First you need to apply a cement mortar to the foundation. Then symmetrically lay out stone elements along both edges of the span. To make it easier to navigate in the masonry, the section is marked with a stretched thread.

Lay out the entire bottom row of the section. Fill in all the gaps between the edges. The flat side of the stone should be facing up. Before you start laying out each subsequent row, as in the case of the construction of pillars, leave the masonry for a day so that it dries. Use the dressing when laying out the rows.

Finishing work

To give a more attractive look to the fence, it is necessary to perform jointing.

The seams are convex, shallow and deep. The latter option visually makes the masonry more voluminous.

To work on the seam, you will need a scraper, a wire brush and a piece of foam rubber.

It is easiest to open the seams about 3-4 hours after the masonry is completed. Later, the cement mortar becomes stiff and difficult to joint.

First you need to clean the stones and seams with a wire brush.
With a scraper, create neat ditches in the seams, the depth of which should not exceed 1-2 centimeters.
Then the fence must be washed. This is done with the help of foam rubber, brushes and 30% hydrochloric acid. At the same time, do not forget about safety measures - use protective gloves.

As additional decorative elements you can use forging or let it grow along the fence climbing plants and so on. It all depends on your imagination.

How to make a gabion fence

Fences from gabions (stones in a grid) are rapidly gaining popularity among others. This is facilitated by a number of advantages:

Such a fence reliably protects from wind and street noise.
Hides your personal life from prying eyes.
The fence is visually attractive.
Withstands heavy loads.
Easy and simple to install.
Economical and durable.
Perfectly tolerates temperature changes and any weather phenomena.
Such a fence can be erected on any terrain.
You can fill it with different materials.

How to choose a grid?

In order for such a fence to be as durable as possible, special attention must be paid to the selection of material. There is a wide variety of nets for the construction of the fence, which have different shape and cell size. Most often, a chain-link mesh is used, which can be tension and sectional. The cells in it come with a round, square and other section.

When choosing a grid, do not go wrong with the size of the cells. Stones should not fall out through them.

Do-it-yourself construction stages

The foundation for a gabion fence is made according to the same principle as described above. Make the posts in the same way as for the previous fence. The distance between them should be no more than 5 meters. As soon as the base and supports are completely solidified, proceed with the installation of gabions.

First you need to form a frame from the grid. Lay the rolls on the ground, unroll them and level them. Carefully fix the grid to the supports and foundation.

The last step is to fill the grids with stones.

Video: building a gabion fence

Video: highlights of laying buta

A stone fence will become a reliable protector of your dacha. It will serve you for a very long time. Its construction is a simple process. By following the recommendations and tips described above, you will not have to spend money on workers. You can do this job on your own. Good luck!

When there is a need or desire to build a fence, the first step is to decide what material it will be made of. In cases where the main criteria are strength, reliability and durability, it makes sense to build it from stone. The construction of stone fences has been known since ancient times. They looked like powerful walls that can withstand not only the action bad weather, but also the attack of enemy forces. It is quite possible to build a stone fence with your own hands. The owners of a site with such a fence will receive not only a barrier to entry uninvited guests, but also an interesting piece of landscape design.

Stone fence, as a construction, deserves special attention, it has many positive qualities:

unlimited service life - the better the mortar is used during construction, the longer the service life will be;
stone - natural material, which means it is environmentally friendly and harmless to environment and living beings;
the ability to build with low financial costs, the price of a stone fence directly depends on the type of stone;
this material is endowed with high fire safety properties;
the process of erecting a stone fence is subject to one person;
the aesthetic appearance of a stone fence will fit perfectly into any design of a personal plot, as well as into the surrounding landscape, this can be seen when looking at the stone fences in the photo.

Stone barriers are subject to a certain classification. Basically they are divided into types natural stone, which is used to build a fence. Most often for this kind of construction, the following materials are used:

a boulder or cobblestone is a relatively inexpensive material that is highly durable, a fence made of such a stone will be in brown-red tones, its shape will add some roughness to the structure being erected (if you want to have a smooth surface of the structure, you can use a sledgehammer, the chipping of the broken stone will be smooth and flat) ;
dolomite - it can be different in size, shape and thickness, mostly flat, mined in quarries during explosions rocks;
limestone - is divided into several different types (bryozoan, shell rock, marble), this breed easy to use, has one minus (it crumbles in damp and cold climatic conditions from easily absorbed moisture, advance treatment with a water repellent will help to avoid this);
sandstone - has been used for a long time and is highly popular in this type of work, reliable and durable, easily tolerates low temperatures, not susceptible to moisture, can be with a smooth or hewn surface, as well as chipped;
but - almost all of an irregular shape with a rib length of up to 50 centimeters, they are used both in facing works and in construction;
gravel and pebbles - are used infrequently, because the material is small in size, when erecting such a fence, the corners and the base are made of brick (the right combination of such materials can look quite extraordinary).

More natural stones divided into processed and wild. Today, stone is very popular. artificial origin. This happens because its price is much lower than the price of natural. It is made from ordinary concrete, then given a natural look. The duration of operation of such a stone is much less than that of a natural one, especially in cases where the fence is located in a lowland or near a road. Only a specialist can distinguish such a stone from a natural one by sight and by touch.

The stages of building a fence are as follows:

marking of the planned fence;
the foundation is formed;
the fence itself is laid out directly.

The first stage (marking) is carried out in the same way during the construction of any type of fence. On a drawing made in advance, you need to indicate the length of the future fence, calculate the right amount source material (this calculation will be directly related to the planned height of the structure). At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the height of the structure on all sides of the fenced area.

The construction of such a structure will require more time and cost than it might seem at first glance. A stone fence needs a solid foundation, using reinforcement bars to decorate the frame, in without fail a layer of waterproofing must be laid. You will also need formwork from boards for the construction of support pillars.

As far as possible, masonry stones should be selected approximately the same size. In the process of work, each unit of material can be adjusted with a hammer or sledgehammer.

Do-it-yourself stone fence - we build the foundation and pillars

The construction of this structure begins with exact definition and installation suitable type foundation. A stone fence weighs a lot, so the foundation for a stone fence must be strong, able to withstand uneven subsidence of the soil and its vertical or horizontal displacement.

They begin work by digging a trench, the width of which is 0.5 m, the depth is from 0.6 to 0.8 m.
Next, prepare a place for pouring shoes, place them under the racks. To do this, they dig grooves perpendicular to the axis of the fence, with outlets of 0.6 m, deepening them by 0.4 m at the locations of the racks. At the place of installation of the racks, after pouring concrete, a cross with a recessed end is obtained.

Simultaneously with the pouring of the foundation, stone pillars for the fence are erected. To do this, formwork is installed in the marked places, reinforcement is mounted and then concrete is poured.

Shoes are built at a distance of 2 to 5 m from each other. They are poured for racks, for each or through one. Next, the installation of reinforcing elements is carried out, usually it is a rectangular frame with a side of 0.3 - 0.4 m, corrugated reinforcement with a diameter of at least 12 mm passes through its corners, girded with wire rod. The skeleton of the reinforcement is placed in the center of the dug trench, at the location of the racks, the reinforcing fragments are installed vertically. In this case, the intersection points of the elements should be connected to each other.

Then you can proceed with the installation of the formwork, it is assembled in such a way as to be able to simultaneously pour the foundation and the shoe, leaving the reinforcement outlets for the racks. Concrete is poured to the ground level, and along the entire perimeter of the fence, including under the gate and gate.

The laid concrete is compacted and rammed, preventing the appearance of voids in the thickness of the foundation. The formwork is removed after 6 hours, for a couple of weeks the concrete is expected to completely harden. high temperature air, the foundation is covered with dense material, you can use a tarpaulin.

When building a stone fence, one should not assume that the pillars are just a decorative fragment, they are able to maintain the integrity of the structure, holding the stone spans and protecting them from cracks and distortions.

To increase the functionality of the pillars, it is recommended to take care of the high-quality connection of the posts and the edges of the spans. There are several options for a reliable bond; when building a stone fence with your own hands, you can use the dressing method, especially if the masonry is made of angular stones. To perform the dressing, the first two stones are laid on both sides of the release of reinforcement for the supports. Next, the first and second row of the support, the first row of the span are formed.

Before starting masonry, stones of the most regular shape and equal size should be selected - they will be required for the construction of support posts. The rest can be used to form walls, the smallest pieces and debris will be required when filling voids in walls and racks.

How to make a stone fence - we build an object from wild stone

The financial side of the construction of a fence made of such material will be relatively low, long term without problem operation will pleasantly surprise the owners. Looking at a photo of a stone fence built with your own hands from wild stone, you can note its high aesthetic qualities.

Work with such a stone begins with washing it in running water. Latex glue is applied to the parts that will be in contact with concrete in advance. If the surfaces on which the glue will be applied are smooth, then they need to be notched, smeared with glue and laid.

To prepare a high-quality, good mortar, you will need 1 part of cement, 3 parts of clean sand and 1/4 of a glue similar to PVA. To give the masonry a more noble look, you can apply a tonic on the seams that is most suitable in color to the shades of the used stone. Tonic can be added when kneading into the solution or directly on the seams, after the solution has completely solidified.

What types of masonry are used

When building a stone fence can be used different types masonry. Let's consider some of them:
The most common is hewn, the stones that are used should have a shape close to rectangular. high quality masonry is facilitated by better stone processing, but rough stones give the fence a more attractive and picturesque look. The use of well-shaped, well-formed stones with a flat surface will result in a surface that resembles tiling, and the appeal of natural stone will be lost.

Horizontal laying of flat stones involves the use of flat cobblestones, which are laid in horizontal rows. Another variety, vertical flat masonry, is rarely used; stones of the same shape are used for it, but they are placed vertically. You can start laying when the stone pillars for the fence are laid out.

To perform rubble masonry, rounded cobblestones are used; before pouring the solution, they are placed close to the surface of the formwork.

Facing masonry can be used as a decorative finish for the structure. Stones for it are selected of the same thickness, attached to the prepared surface with a solution. Work begins with the thickest fragments, setting thinner ones - adjust them in level.

Forged stone fence

Particularly attractive in terms of design is a stone fence combined with forged elements. It has a considerable price, but it looks original, rich, and performs its direct functions of protecting the territory perfectly.

When constructing such fences, forged elements made in Gothic or Baroque, classical or avant-garde styles can be used, depending on the funds that the owner of the house plans to spend, on his taste and imagination. The combined fence consists of pillars, stone fragments, gates and gates, and of course, spans filled with forged elements. Forging should be selected depending on the materials used in the construction of the fence and on the general design of the fenced area.

The positive aspects during the operation of such a fence will be its reliability and durability, the absence of the need for regular maintenance - it looks perfect at any time of the year.

Any owner who is obsessed with the dream of creating not only a house, but also all the buildings on the site truly exclusive thinks about what kind of fence his estate will be surrounded by.

Stone fence - this is the perfect option to complete appearance suburban area. Yes, and costs can be greatly reduced if you build this structure with your own hands.

By the way, such majestic fences in last years increasingly appear in suburban villages. They really protect the site. And the design decision can be very different. In any case, a stone fence will decorate the courtyard.

Such a fence will serve indefinitely. The main thing is that a mortar was used during construction good quality.
Stone is a material created by nature, which means it will not cause any harm to people.
Such construction material not afraid of fire and high temperatures.
It will perfectly match the surrounding landscape.
You can choose a stone at a price affordable to a particular owner.
One or two people can build a stone fence.

What stone can you build a fence from?

Cobblestone. If you want to build a fence from natural and at the same time inexpensive stone, you should choose a cobblestone, or, as it is also called, a boulder stone.

Yes, its price is very modest, but its strength is unusually high. And you can save even more if you involve your family and collect cobblestones in the fields.

True, you may be disappointed with a gloomy gray color. But who said that such a color of the fence cannot be diversified if it is good to dream up?

In addition, you can not collect all the cobblestones in a row, but choose more interesting ones, with a reddish-brown tint, which, by the way, usually have a more rounded shape.

Such stones have a rough surface. But if you want the wall to be smooth, you will have to use a sledgehammer, it will break the boulders, and a smooth surface will appear on the chips.

And if you still decide to buy this material, then for 1 kilogram you will have to pay about 4 rubles.

Pebbles and gravel. Not the most popular material for building fences. As a rule, brown-red color is preferred.

Sometimes during the construction process, it is precisely small stones that are required to make the corners of the fence more durable. The combination, for example, of brick and small stone looks very interesting.

The price of 1 kilogram of pebbles and gravel is about 10-15 rubles.

It is mined in quarries during the explosion of rocks. The stone has a flat shape, there are different sizes.

Limestone. This is a fairly soft shell rock, convenient for facing work. But at the same time, it tends to absorb moisture and quickly collapse from this. Exit - pre-treatment with a special composition - water repellent. There is bryozoan and marble-like limestone.

Sandstone- a popular material that has been used in construction since ancient times. Differs in durability, frost resistance. The surface is polished, hewn.

Butovy stone. Produced from limestone, dolomite and sandstone. It can be both the main material for the construction of the fence, and finishing.

Fake diamond. In recent years, summer residents prefer to build fences from it. In fact, it is concrete that looks like a natural material.

It is much cheaper than natural, but is able to serve for at least half a century. True, it is better not to build such a fence in low-lying places and next to a busy highway.

If you are interested in this particular material, you can buy it in any color on the construction markets. Yes, and the texture can be chosen smooth, rough, chipped, etc.

Types of fences

As already mentioned, the fence decorative stone is particularly reliable. What the owner of the site chooses - natural or artificial stone - depends on his taste and family budget. And there are plenty to choose from.

Video in which you can see different types of stone fences. And choose what you like.

Eat original ideas using stone with other materials:

Such a fence is particularly original. In addition, its cost is relatively low. This is an eco-friendly fence. Creates external harmony of the entire site.

True, the construction of such a fence requires careful preparation. The materials must be of very good quality. Special skills will also come in handy. That is, without the help of specialists, a summer resident is unlikely to do.

Fence from a stone in a grid

This is design know-how: building a gabion fence. And "gabion" in French means "stones in nets." That is, the building material for the fence is nets woven from thick wire, which are filled with stones, pebbles or rubble.

It turns out a fence of exceptional strength, which also does not require any maintenance. In addition, this fence lets the sun's rays into the site.

Fences from gabions help summer residents in the event that after the construction of the house on the site there is a lot of stone chips, concrete fragments. All this can be collected and placed in grids.

The grids themselves are left open or sheathed with wood - as the owner likes. And you can even plant climbing plants in them - also an unexpected and pretty solution.

Quite often you can see such fences on summer cottages. Brick in combination with stone decor looks very presentable.

Such a fence is not afraid of temperature changes, frequent rains, frosts. But the main thing is that they reliably cover the site from prying eyes and uninvited visitors.

How to build a stone fence yourself

It only seems at first that building a stone fence with your own hands is an impossible task for an ordinary summer resident. In fact, if there is such a desire, and even a purposeful character, everything will work out.

There would be hands, tools, and even enough money to buy materials.

What materials are needed

Stones. If you have set yourself the task of erecting a fence of simple natural stone - mobilize family and friends. You can collect as many stones as you need from the nearby fields. So, there are already significant savings.

Foundation materials. They will have to be bought at a construction hypermarket or on the market.

So, here is the shopping list:

Sand, gravel and cement grade 300.
Fittings. The rods should have a diameter of 10 to 12 mm.
For formwork - semi-edged board.
Elements for decor: decorations for spans and caps for poles.

Get ready for the fact that a lot of mortar will be required during the construction process. It is needed not only for the construction of a foundation of rubble stone, but also directly for laying the stones of the fence itself.

Of course, working with stone is somewhat easier than with bricks, but the builder will need a lot of patience. And also the ability to work carefully.

Required Tools

Bayonet and shovel.
Concrete mixer. If there is none, you can use a box to prepare the solution.
Apparatus for welding fittings. It was not possible to get the device - there is another way out: buy a millimetric wire and tie the rods with it.

Plot marking

Where the posts of the future fence should stand, you need to dig in wooden stakes, pull a rope between them.

This is how the width of the trench under the foundation is marked.

Foundation for stone fence

Now you have to lay the foundation for the future structure. It is necessary to dig a trench (width - about 70 cm, depth - about a meter).

But first remove from the ground and set aside the sod. Loosen the soil with a bayonet shovel and remove it with a shovel. Part of this land will come in handy to cover the sides of the formwork. The rest - scatter over the site.

When digging a trench, make a slight slope angle so that the walls do not collapse.

We prepare the reinforcing cage and formwork

Tie or weld steel bars into a lattice. The lower rods should not lie on the ground, but rise above it by 10 millimeters.

We made a frame - lay it in a trench and start installing the formwork. Shields for her are assembled from boards, fastened with screws or nails. Install uprights and props every meter. Attach the top rails.

The preparatory work is completed, you can pour the concrete mixture.

Foundation pouring

Of course, it would be nice to have a concrete mixer on hand, it will speed up and facilitate the work. But you can do without this device; the amount of work is not very large.

It is desirable to feed the mixture into the trench along a plank chute lined with two layers of polyethylene film.

That's it, the pouring of the foundation has been completed, now you need to leave it alone for a couple of weeks so that the concrete becomes strong. We do not need the rapid evaporation of moisture from the solution, so we cover it with a film.

Tip: The base of the fence will have more attractive appearance and will not let melt water into the site if you raise it above the ground by about 20 cm.

The solution in the trench has hardened, you can start the main work: start laying the fence stones. To make it more convenient to work and complete the intended configuration, it is better to choose stones with a diameter of no more than 20 cm.

We are preparing a mortar for masonry from sand and cement (proportion 1: 3). In order for the seams on the wall to have a certain color, a pigment substance can be mixed into the solution.

If there are many large stones among the stones, it is better to break them into small pieces with an ordinary hammer.

So let's get started.

The laying sequence is as follows:

1. A cement mortar should be applied to the concrete base.

2. The first layer of stones must be laid flat side up. Fill voids with mortar. Smoke breaks during laying the entire top layer are unacceptable: you need to lay it at a time. And if you still need to interrupt work, you should constantly moisten the masonry so that the solution does not harden.

3. The laid layer of stones should “rest” for at least a day. During this time, he will gain the necessary strength. After that, you can start laying the next row of stones.

Tip: when laying, you need to carefully handle the mortar so that it does not fall on the front side of the stones. If this happens, cement stains must be cleaned immediately. The hardened mass is removed with a metal brush.

The owner did a great job with every step of the job. The stone fence is complicated. Now we need to clean it up.

First of all, it is the stitching. For this work you will need a narrow spatula. After such cleaning, it will be noticeable how much more accurate and attractive the fence has acquired.

Caps or other decorative elements must be installed on the tops of the pillars. Such additions to a stone fence as wooden or forged lattices or an arch for a gate look very nice.

We repeat once again that any owner is able to cope with such a task as erecting a stone fence with his own hands. It's not the hardest job. And the result will amaze the imagination of everyone who sees the handiwork of the master owner.

In this video you can see how a stone fence is made. Perhaps this will be useful to you.

Stone fence looks more impressive and solid than other types of fences. Designs from natural materials different high rates strength and reliability.

However, natural stone fences are much less common than, for example, wooden or metal fences for summer cottages with brick pillars. This is due to the fact that natural materials and work on the construction of exclusive structures are more expensive.

Another important factor- high time costs. Even a team of professionals will need a large number of time to build a fence.

The process can be accelerated by making a fence of stone panels and blocks. The resulting structure imitates natural materials. But the design will seem natural only from afar. Nearby, stone panels and blocks for fence posts will immediately give out "hack-work".

In this article we will consider the features of the construction of fences made of natural stone. You will learn what materials are used for the manufacture of supports and sections and how professionals work. If you wish, you can build such a fence yourself.

Varieties of stone fences. Popular Combinations

Exist various options stone fences. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Fences made only of stone are rare.

Photo #1: stone fence

The construction of such fences requires a lot of time and money. Combinations of stone pillars and wood or metal sections are more popular. Such structures are cheaper and built much faster.

Wooden fence with stone pillars

A wooden fence with stone pillars is the beauty and environmental friendliness of natural materials. With proper care, the sections will last a long time. Wood will require periodic treatment with protective compounds and paints and varnishes.

Photo #2: wooden fence with stone pillars

Metal fences with stone pillars

Metal fences with stone pillars are reliability and durability. The buildings look spectacular and perfectly protect the territory. Structures serve for decades without the need for maintenance and repair.

Most often, sections are installed from eurostudent, corrugated board and forged elements. There are some very interesting combinations.

Photo #3: metal fence with stone pillars

Fence stone posts. Material selection

Stone fence posts are made from various varieties of this natural material.

Granite. Durable and expensive stone. It is difficult to process and is used mainly for decoration. Granite will effectively complement a metal or wooden fence with brick pillars.

Photo No. 4: fence with granite trim

Cobblestone. The most popular material. Advantages - prevalence and low cost. Most often, gray and red-brown cobblestones are used in the construction of fences. Reliable and beautiful designs turn out.

Photo #5: Gray Cobblestone Fence

Gravel and pebbles. Due to the fine fraction, these materials are used mainly for decoration. Large stones can be filled into the net. The result is an inexpensive and interesting fence.

Photo No. 6: fence made of stones and mesh

Dolomite. The material is flat stones yellowish, white, gray or Brown. Dolomite is used both for the construction of pillars and sections, and for decoration.

Photo No. 7: dolomite fence

These varieties are the most popular. In addition to them, when erecting fences and finishing pillars and sections, limestone, sandstone, rubble stone and artificial analogues of natural materials are used.

How to make a stone fence

The construction of a stone fence is a complex and lengthy work that requires knowledge and experience. Even a team of several people will need a huge amount of time to erect a fence. However, if you still want to do the installation yourself, read the instructions below.

The construction process is divided into several stages.

1. Territory marking

This stage involves pulling the rope around the perimeter of the fence. Mark the places of installation of the pillars.

2. Foundation construction

You will find detailed information about the construction of a monolithic strip foundation on our website.

The most suitable base width is 30 cm. In places where there will be poles, install metal profile pipes.

3. Preparatory work

While the foundation hardens, sort the purchased stones by greatness. This will speed up the construction process of the fence.

4. Laying stone fences (pillars)

The laying of stone fences involves the use of floating formwork. To speed up the construction process, all pillars are erected simultaneously.

Make the required number of collapsible formwork from boards and self-tapping screws (for each pillar - 2 pcs.). Internal dimensions - 30 * 30 (according to the width of the foundation).

After the frames are ready, follow the instructions below.

Install formwork.
Lay the first layer of stones. They should fit as closely as possible to each other and to the formwork.

Photo No. 8: laying the first row of stones

Pour a thick solution so that it fills all the voids.

Repeat steps 1-3 for all fence posts. After that, fix the second formwork on each support with self-tapping screws and lay the next rows of stones in the same way.

Photo number 9: laying the second row

After a day, the lower parts of the formwork can be removed and the construction of the next layers can begin.

Note.

In places where the butt is attached to the logs, it is necessary to release metal corners. They need to be welded to the pipes.
Immediately after removing the formwork, fill the voids found with mortar. Expand the dried seams with a drill with a metal brush.

Photo No. 9: support at the stage of erection of the 8th row

After all the pillars are formed, take care of their protection from precipitation. Perfect option- metal or plastic caps.

According to rough estimates (if all the pillars are erected at the same time), the installation of such supports for a stone fence will take 19-20 days.