What happens if you are nervous during pregnancy? How to learn not to be nervous during pregnancy? The last trimester is no time for stress
It is common for a pregnant woman to respond inadequately to reality. Her fears and irritability are a burden to herself and the close people who surround her. In order to cope with these difficulties, you need to arm yourself with information and communicate more with those who have the same problems. A special group for pregnant women or a site for parents will help, in which they give recommendations to future parents and those who have already changed their status.
What fears are typical for pregnant women
In the first half of pregnancy, the expectant mother experiences hormonal resonance, therefore, for all systems of her body, a period of the strongest test begins. Being in this state, the woman is constantly in a state of nervous excitement. If her nervous system before pregnancy was vulnerable, sensitive to everything that happens, the girl had a good imagination, then paranoia can also join nervous stress.
This is very important period, because it is in these months that all systems of the fetal body are formed. If the mother is not helped, the baby may be born nervous, cry a lot, constantly demand attention or be hyperactive. All this will be difficult for the child and parents. Therefore, the nervous fears of pregnant women should be taken very seriously.
Concerns are mainly related to the health of the baby. A woman worries about how he will be born, whether he will be healthy. Often a woman can worry about her attractiveness. It will seem to her that the figure will drastically deteriorate, she will become ugly and useless to anyone. It is in the fear of future lack of demand and loneliness that the bulk of all fears lie.
In addition, expectant mothers can be frightened by sudden movements, unexpected actions, unusual sounds. Such fears come from fear for the life of the baby and their own. This condition is completely normal. It will pass after birth period during which other fears arise. They are also associated with hormonal changes in the body.
What is annoying during pregnancy
Surrounding people think that irritation in pregnant women can cause anything. But this is not entirely true. Often a thing that, before this state, did not cause any emotions in a woman, can often cause a feeling of discomfort and aggressiveness. And vice versa. She will suddenly not care about a raised toilet seat or socks scattered around the room.
Everything has its own explanation. On the parents' website, expectant mothers and fathers can see that similar problems arise in all families where replenishment is expected. Nature arranged female body so that during pregnancy he tries to block irritating factors that influence from the outside. Therefore, over such "trifles" the lady will no longer be annoyed. Those new little things that cause this state in her are not chosen by chance. For example, she asks not to slam the door. This means that the baby reacts restlessly to this. The body of mother and child functions as one. Therefore, she feels when the baby feels bad or scared. Mom, not realizing why this door infuriates her, asks not to make a loud sound with it, because the child is uncomfortable.
How can you help
The first thing that should be done by close people who are in contact with future mother, not to consider her an eccentric fool, but to understand the nature of these worries and fears. Spend more time with her. Visit various Internet sites, shops, classes for future parents. Try to let her know that she is not alone in such unrest. The realization that there are close understanding people nearby will support and calm her.
No need to take sedatives and sleeping pills, even on herbs. It is better, if possible, to exclude all irritating factors and protect from stress. If a lady does not fall asleep well, a glass of milk at night will help her. Dairy products are not recommended as they irritate the intestinal tract. It will interfere with sleep. Groups and websites for parents should help to better understand what is happening. The whims of your companion are well founded. This is required by the baby, and not her spoiled character.
Author of the publication: Svetlana SergeevaPregnancy and the nervous system are related concepts. The function of the nervous system undergoes some changes during pregnancy. This, in particular, is manifested by the development in the cerebral cortex of the so-called "gestational dominant", which is the area responsible for controlling the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The excitability of the lower parts of the nervous system and the nervous apparatus of the uterus is reduced, which ensures its relaxation. Shortly before childbirth, their excitability increases, which creates good conditions for the onset of childbirth.
The uterus is innervated by the autonomic nervous system, which regulates its peristalsis and blood supply. Vegetative system functions autonomously, taking control of the blood vessels, heart, smooth muscles of the intestines, bronchi, Bladder, uterus and other organs. When regulating the cells innervated by it in various organs, the autonomic nervous system supplies structural and functional changes in the body of a pregnant woman.
During pregnancy, the activity of the sympathetic-adrenal division of the autonomic nervous system prevails. This stimulates the function of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, increases the blood supply to the kidneys.
As for the respiratory system, such changes are adapted due to the fact that the need for oxygen in given period increases significantly. During pregnancy in the respiratory system occur next kind changes: quickening of breathing; increase in respiratory volume; increase in minute volume of breath; increase in alveolar ventilation of the lungs; increase in lung capacity; atincreased respiratory muscle function as a result of increased oxygen demand; decrease in oxygen content in arterial blood; decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to hyperventilation.
Vascular changes respiratory tract provoke stagnation of blood in the capillaries and swelling of the nasal mucosa, oropharynx and trachea. During pregnancy, there may be signs of a runny nose, a change in voice. Such phenomena can be aggravated by overloading the body with fluid, the appearance of edema, an increase in blood pressure or with gestosis.
The uterus during pregnancy shifts the diaphragm upward, but the total lung capacity changes insignificantly due to a compensatory increase in the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of the chest, as well as an increase in the intercostal spaces. Despite the upward displacement, the diaphragm during breathing in pregnant women moves to a greater extent than in non-pregnant women. Breathing during pregnancy is more diaphragmatic than chest, which has some advantages when the patient is in the supine position. Shortness of breath, which often occurs during pregnancy, is determined by an increase in tidal volume, and not by respiratory rate.
A progressive increase in minute ventilation begins from the earliest stages of pregnancy and reaches its maximum increase by the second trimester. This results from an increase in tidal volume and an increase in respiratory rate.
Damage to the nervous system in the first months manifests itself in the form of drowsiness or hyperexcitability, violations muscle tone, later appear paralysis, convulsions, decreased intelligence - from a slight lag to the development of idiocy. Children with congenital rubella are often underweight and short stature at birth and thereafter are significantly behind in physical development. Feature congenital malformations in rubella - lack of isolation, compatibility of lesions of different organs. The nature of the deformity depends on the time of exposure to the rubella virus on the fetus. Manifestations of teratogenic effects on the fetus (causing various developmental anomalies) depend on the timing of pregnancy, the most dangerous in this regard is the first trimester of pregnancy (from 25% to 61% of deformities). All pregnant women are checked for past disease, if a pregnant woman has been exposed to a possible infection, then she is observed for three weeks. If an active development of the disease is detected, the pregnancy is suggested to be terminated in order to avoid the appearance of a child with deformities. A child with congenital rubella also poses a danger to others, as it is highly contagious. Infection in the body of such children is present for a very long time (a case of isolation of the rubella virus from the urine of a 29-year-old woman who was born with this syndrome is described).
The embryo in the mother's body develops gradually, for the maturation of one or another organ and system there is a certain period; thus, the intensive development of the heart muscle and eyes falls on the 4-7th week, and the nervous system - on the 12th week. Getting into the body of a woman at different stages of pregnancy, the rubella virus has a detrimental effect and forms malformations in the development of various organs (in the first two months of pregnancy, the development of a defect in the eyes and heart is likely, and in the third and even sixth month of pregnancy - a defect in the nervous system).
In order to avoid infection, dangerous infection all young women of reproductive age are required to be vaccinated with a special vaccine.
Pregnancy and diseases of the nervous system
There is a huge variety of diseases of all parts of the nervous system: central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (other clusters of nerve fibers). Undoubtedly, pregnancy has a great influence on the course of these diseases, and in some cases, pregnancy is prohibited.
Classification of diseases of the nervous system:
- vascular diseases of the nervous system;
- infectious diseases of the nervous system;
- demyelinating diseases (destroying myelin fibers of the nervous system - cerebral palsy) and epilepsy;
- diseases of the peripheral nervous system;
- degenerative diseases of the nervous system;
- neuromuscular diseases and myasthenia gravis;
- pain of various origins and vegetative disorders;
- neuroses.
Vascular diseases of the nervous system are one of the most common causes death and disability of the population. Chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency - this disease of all vascular diseases is most common among young and middle-aged people, it can affect women of reproductive age. The disease is based on a mismatch between the brain's need for oxygen and glucose and their delivery. As a rule, the disease is combined with arterial hypertension and diseases of cardio-vascular system. In the early stages of the disease, there is a decrease in memory and mental performance, headaches, a feeling of heaviness in the head and tinnitus, flies before the eyes and dizziness. These complaints appear after physical or emotional stress, changes weather conditions. As the disease progresses, complaints become more persistent. Gradually decreasing level intellectual abilities(memory, thinking, attention, memorization), depressive thoughts, lack of objective self-criticism begin to predominate. In the presence of this disease in women of reproductive age, it is better not to plan pregnancy. When a disease is detected in a pregnant woman, the issue should be resolved based on the stage of the disease and the degree of its progression: in case of a rapid and malignant course, the pregnancy must be terminated, since it can end in miscarriage, stillbirth, difficult childbirth and possible death of the mother. With mild forms and initial stages, pregnancy can be saved, but the woman must be in a special protective regime and be constantly monitored by neurologists. The expectant mother must observe a protective regimen: sufficient sleep for 10-12 hours, no stress, walks in the fresh air, a diet with the restriction of certain food products and enriched with vitamins and minerals. There should be special preparation for childbirth and observation by a psychoneurologist, pressure chamber sessions, and oxygen cocktails. Necessary hospitalization in a neurological dispensary and the implementation of all medical prescriptions, admission medicines during critical periods of pregnancy to prevent exacerbation of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. It is desirable to be hospitalized in a hospital three times for a pregnant woman with a given disease. For the first time, the expectant mother with a period of 8-12 weeks is placed in the antenatal department of the maternity hospital or the neurological department of the hospital. The second hospitalization is carried out at a gestational age of 28-32 weeks, and the third - three weeks before the expected date of birth. For the first time, a pregnant woman is placed in a hospital to decide on the advisability of maintaining the pregnancy. The second hospitalization protects the expectant mother from significant stress on the heart and nervous system. During this period, a woman strengthens the heart muscle, unloads blood vessels and the heart, strengthens the vessels of the brain and improves the metabolism of the nervous system. For the third time, the pregnant woman is placed to prepare for childbirth, determine the tactics of childbirth, methods of anesthesia.
Acute cerebrovascular accidents and strokes (cerebral infarctions) are considered diseases of the elderly. The basis of these diseases is the change in blood vessels and their narrowing, the occurrence against the background of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension. However, at present, the number of the young population with this pathology has increased, also in connection with the advanced obstetrics, childbirth has become possible in women with diabetes mellitus and other diseases, including acute disorders circulation. There is a fundamental difference in complaints and manifestations of transient and permanent cerebrovascular accidents: with transient, all signs of disorders disappear, but with strokes they remain. The basis of a stroke is a long-term lack of oxygen and nutrients supply to certain areas of the cerebral cortex, which leads to their necrosis ( ischemic stroke or cerebral infarction), or hemorrhage from the altered vessel into the brain and the subsequent cessation of the functioning of this zone. Complaints can be varied: heaviness in the head and tinnitus, flies before the eyes and dizziness, which can end in fainting; sometimes a person may just wake up and not feel their arms or legs. In the future, any paralysis of the arms or legs occurs, patients may not feel the face and not control it, they cannot independently control their natural functions. With transient ischemic attacks, pregnancy is possible, although undesirable, again, it all depends on the severity of the disease. A pregnant woman who wishes to keep the child should be informed by doctors about possible complications during the course of the disease and pregnancy. The course of childbirth in such a woman can be complicated by cerebral hemorrhage. If a woman has a stroke, and an extensive one, then her pregnancy is undesirable, only with very mild forms there is a certain possibility. Expectant mothers in these cases must very strictly follow all the prescriptions of doctors. At congenital pathologies vessels - aneurysms (congenital expansion of the vessel) - pregnancy is contraindicated due to the possible rupture of this vessel and the death of the mother and child.
Infectious diseases nervous systems are always distinguished by the seriousness of the prognosis for life, by a rather severe course.
Meningitis- inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord caused by pathogenic microorganisms. All meningitis have a similar picture, the severity is due to the type of pathogen, as well as the state of immunity. Complaints: chills, a significant increase in temperature, sometimes a rash on the skin, fear of sharp sounds and bright light, sudden movements, pain when bending and unbending the legs, the head of such patients is thrown back, and the knees are pulled up to the stomach; there is also nausea, vomiting, and there may be convulsions. The issue of continuing pregnancy in a sick woman is again not defined, in most severe cases, pregnancy is interrupted or it is interrupted by itself, in mild forms, pregnancy is possible.
Encephalitis- an inflammatory disease of the brain caused by viruses and attiglic microorganisms (rickettsia, mycoplasmas). Complaints: headache, photophobia, vomiting, fever, convulsions. There are lightning-fast forms with a fatal outcome in a few days. Pregnancy with these diseases is impossible: miscarriage occurs, intrauterine death of the fetus. An abortion is needed to save the mother's life.
Acute myelitis and poliomyelitis characterized by damage to all structures of the brain and a very severe clinical picture. The prognosis for life with these diseases is dangerous, and the recovery period after an illness sometimes lasts for years. Complaints: high temperature, chills, fever, there is a disorder of movements, sensitivity and the ability to control urination and stool. Pregnancy with these diseases is necessarily interrupted due to the unpredictability of the consequences, both for the mother and for the fetus.
Neurosyphilis occurs due to infection of the nervous system with pale treponema. As a rule, complaints arise in the tertiary period (after 5-8 years from the moment of infection). Complaints are varied: lack of sensitivity mainly in the lower extremities, periodic pain in the legs, decreased vision, various pains in internal organs (in the heart, stomach, etc.). In the future, with the progression of the disease, there is a significant change in the structure of the medulla, which leads to dementia (dementia). Accordingly, we are not even talking about pregnancy and its continuation, here in without fail interruption is shown.
Toxoplasmosis of the nervous system in a pregnant woman leads to the appearance of congenital toxoplasmosis in a child, which leads to the appearance of various malformations, since toxoplasmosis belongs to the group of TORCH infections. The pregnancy is terminated or a miscarriage occurs.
Neurological manifestations of AIDS are also contraindications to pregnancy.
TO demyelinating diseases of the nervous system refers to multiple sclerosis, which develops under the influence of a number of external causes (most likely infectious diseases) based on genetic predisposition. This disease leads to the gradual destruction of the nervous system. Unfortunately, in most cases, multiple sclerosis has a steadily increasing course, while young patients first lose their ability to work, and then the ability to self-care and movement. Multiple sclerosis in 60% of cases occurs in people aged 20 to 40 years. Manifestations of the disease are expressed in a decrease in visual acuity, sensations of blurred images, transient blindness in one or both eyes, strabismus, dizziness, paralysis of the limbs, staggering when walking, impaired skin sensitivity and a number of other disorders of the functions of nerve cells. The progression of the disease involves more and more parts of the central nervous system in the process: increased fatigue, depression or euphoria, lethargy, apathy, memory impairment and decreased intelligence of various degrees are noted. Unfortunately, there are no cures for this disease, and its course is very individual: the disease sometimes fades for certain time, and then progresses, sometimes the disease proceeds very quickly, in 10 percent of cases it proceeds in a very mild form. Long-term and dynamic observations have shown that pregnancy and childbirth do not affect the immediate and future prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy can sometimes contribute to the development of a stable remission (the stage of attenuation of the disease). Artificial termination of pregnancy, especially in the later stages, is quite often the cause of severe exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. Keeping such women in postpartum period requires increased attention and careful care from obstetricians.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis- an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that destroys nerve cells. All factors contributing to the development of the disease are the same as in multiple sclerosis. This disease develops acutely, masquerading as a banal respiratory infection: a little fever, runny nose, sneezing, mucous discharge from the nose, chills, headache, etc. The same disorders are observed as in sclerosis, but the prognosis for this disease is favorable, with the exception of severe forms. Pregnancy and childbirth do not affect the course of encephalomyelitis.
Epilepsy- chronic illness, manifested by repeated convulsive or other seizures, not provoked by any specific reasons. Leads to personality change. An epileptic seizure is the result of excessive activity of a certain part of the nerve cells of the brain. Epilepsy often begins in childhood.
Manifestations of epilepsy: the seizure itself and the interictal period (lack of external manifestations). Harbingers often appear before a seizure, and the patient with experience usually knows them. Harbingers include: visual images (sparks before the eyes, shiny balls, hallucinations, etc.), bad smell, noise, crackling, a feeling of fear, etc. The patient does not remember the seizure itself, because he loses consciousness: during severe seizures, the sick person falls in convulsions, with lungs he simply freezes in place. Pregnancy with epilepsy is possible, especially if it is a mild form of the disease. However, in severe forms of the disease, pregnancy is undesirable, since epileptic seizures adversely affect the development of the fetus and provoke placental abruption, which leads to intrauterine fetal death.
Polyneuropathies- multiple lesions of various nerves, which are manifested by paralysis, sensory disturbances, vascular disorders. Common manifestations of polyneuropathy: a feeling of goosebumps and numbness in the hands and feet, pain in the calf muscles, sensitivity disorders in the hands and feet. As a result, developed polyneuropathy can lead to loss of function of various muscles. Diseases of the peripheral nervous system are not a contraindication for pregnancy. Pregnancy in women with polyneuropathy proceeds in exactly the same way as in ordinary women.
Among the degenerative diseases of the nervous system at a young age, Friedreich's familial ataxia occurs - a hereditary disease manifested by gait instability, impaired coordination of movements, paralysis, decreased intelligence ... There are other groups of hereditary ataxias with similar manifestations. In the presence of any of them, pregnancy is contraindicated.
myasthenia gravis- a disease accompanied by rapid muscle fatigue. Women of young age (20-30 years) get sick much more often than men. Among the manifestations of the disease, rapid muscle fatigue dominates, which increases in the evenings and intensifies with active movements. With the progression of the disease, more and more muscles are affected, which leads to incontinence of feces and urine, the inability to speak, walk for a long time, etc. Pregnancy with myasthenia gravis is undesirable, it will only worsen the course. No one will give a prognosis regarding the preservation of pregnancy: whether a woman bears a child, whether a miscarriage occurs, weight is very individual and depends on the course of the disease. Other diseases of the nervous system in the form of neurosis, psychopathy, migraine are not contraindications for pregnancy. The expectant mother must comply with a special medical and protective regimen and protect herself from stress
From the collection Aphorisms and sayings about pregnancy and motherhood... It happens, weak parents say about the misdeeds of their children. No, it doesn't happen - it evolves. Maria Ebner Eschenbach
13. High-risk pregnancy in diseases of the nervous system, respiratory organs, myopia. Features of childbirth. Warning possible complications in mother and fetus.
Diseases of the nervous system and pregnancy.
Changes that occur normally during pregnancy on the part of the central and peripheral nervous system of the mother are aimed at ensuring the normal course of pregnancy and the proper development of the child. However, in some cases, pregnant women have certain pathological abnormalities in the activity of the nervous system. In the vast majority of cases, during pregnancy, the pathology of the nervous system is noted, which has already taken place earlier, before the onset of this pregnancy. This pathology often becomes more pronounced, which negatively affects the nature of the course of pregnancy.
1. Epilepsy. It is a chronic disease characterized by seizures. Distinguish between primary and secondary (symptomatic), which occurs against the background of metabolic disorders in vascular pathology, with cerebral edema, with its tumor, as well as after injury, with hypoxia or intoxication. Epilepsy can also occur during pregnancy.
Epilepsy worsens the course of the disease, and therefore treatment must be carried out in a hospital.
Complications: intrauterine fetal death, death of a newborn, congenital anomalies of preeclampsia, fetoplacental insufficiency, premature birth(complications are mainly associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy).
If pregnancy persists in a patient with epilepsy, it is necessary to carefully monitor the pregnant woman, prescribe drugs that reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, exclude stimulating foods from food, provide an extended night's sleep, identify and eliminate factors that provoke the occurrence of epileptic seizures, ensure adequate hemodynamics and oxygenation, and prevent possible complications during pregnancy.
Treatment. With proper, individually selected and regular treatment of epilepsy during pregnancy and childbirth, satisfactory compensation of the disease can be achieved. In the absence of proper treatment of pregnant women, epileptic seizures become more frequent and status epilepticus may develop. Treatment should be carried out according to the same rules as in non-pregnant patients. If the patient has already taken anti-seizure medications, she should continue taking them during pregnancy. If it is necessary to start treatment during pregnancy, either phenobarbital 30-60 mg 3 times a day is prescribed in combination with folic acid, or difeiin, benzonal 0.05-0.1 g each, calcium gluconate, glutamic acid, folic acid and caffeine in small doses. Such a complex is taken 1-3 times a day throughout pregnancy. During childbirth, anticonvulsant therapy should be continued.
Delivery.
1. Through the natural birth canal. To speed up the second stage of labor, it is possible to apply obstetric forceps or perform a perineotomy.
2. Cesarean section (in the event of status epilepticus during childbirth, ineffectiveness of intensive anticonvulsant therapy and in the absence of conditions for rapid delivery through the natural birth canal). The operation should be performed under intubation anesthesia.
2. Myasthenia - a disease of the neuromuscular system due to the pathology (hyperplasia or tumor) of the thymus, in which, due to the resulting immunological disorders, nerve impulses to the muscles are blocked.
The combination of pregnancy and myasthenia gravis is rare.
clinical picture. The disease is characterized by weakness and pathological fatigue of the muscles innervated by the cranial nerves. In this case, a number of disorders arise - mainly oculomotor and facial disorders, swallowing, chewing, and sometimes breathing.
The course and management of pregnancy and childbirth.
At the beginning of pregnancy, a slight exacerbation is possible, by the end of pregnancy, the symptoms may completely disappear.
Childbirth occurs in a timely manner and is characterized by a rapid course. In the postpartum period, severe myasthenic crises are possible.
Hospitalization.
With frequent exacerbations of the disease, to resolve the issue of the possibility of prolonging the pregnancy, the patient should be hospitalized in the first trimester. With a progressive deterioration in the general condition, it is advisable to terminate the pregnancy. A pregnant woman is also hospitalized no later than 2 weeks before delivery to resolve the issue of the timing and method of delivery.
Delivery.
1. Through the natural birth canal.
2. caesarean section (patients in a state of myasthenic crisis before childbirth or in their first period). The operation is performed under endotracheal anesthesia.
3. With a progressive deterioration in the general condition, the pregnancy must be terminated.
In the postpartum period, a severe myasthenic crisis is possible, in which shortness of breath, complete paralysis of the respiratory muscles, tachycardia, psychomotor agitation, followed by lethargy, apathy, paresis of the intestines and sphincters are detected.
3. Myopathy (primary muscular atrophy). is a chronic, constantly progressive hereditary disease of the neuromuscular apparatus. It is characterized by gradual muscle atrophy. The activity of smooth muscles is not disturbed.
In all forms of myopathy, pregnancy is contraindicated.
4. Multiple sclerosis. In pregnant women, this disease rarely occurs. The first symptoms may appear during pregnancy or after childbirth.
Pregnancy has a negative impact on the course of the disease.
With multiple sclerosis, pregnancy is contraindicated.
Observation of a pregnant woman is carried out jointly with a neuropathologist. Depending on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis, prednisolone is indicated, starting with a dose of 20-30 mg per day, which is further reduced to 5-10 mg. A constant intake of B vitamins and ascorbic acid is necessary. If the condition worsens and before childbirth, hospitalization is mandatory.
Respiratory diseases and pregnancy.
1. Bronchitis. Acute bronchitis. The disease often occurs in spring and autumn. Pregnant women are dominated by primary bronchitis, which develops as a result of an infectious, viral lesion of the bronchi when the body is cooled. Much less common are secondary bronchitis - complications of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Bronchitis can also be allergic. In this case, it is often accompanied by an asthmatic component. The cause of bronchitis can be industrial hazards: chemical, physical, dust irritants of the respiratory tract. Acute bronchitis is often combined with laryngitis, tracheitis, acute respiratory viral infection.
The course and management of pregnancy.
Pregnancy does not predispose to bronchitis, but swelling of the bronchial mucosa, which is characteristic of the period of pregnancy, makes it difficult to expectorate.
Acute bronchitis does not significantly affect the course of pregnancy, but intrauterine infection of the fetus is possible.
Treatment. In acute bronchitis, the treatment consists in prescribing frequent warm drinks: hot tea with honey and lemon, milk with soda or Borjomi, linden tea. Such a drink softens the feeling of tickling in the throat and behind the sternum, facilitates expectoration. Apply a mixture of thermopsis. More effective potion from the root of ipecac, but it has an irritating effect on the gastric mucosa and causes nausea, which is undesirable in the presence of toxicosis of pregnant women. Inhalations of alkaline solutions are shown. To suppress a painful cough, a mucous decoction of marshmallow root is recommended. Eufillin (0.15 g 3 times a day) can be used to relieve bronchospasm. If necessary, penicillin or ampicillin should be used (0.05 g 4 times a day). Antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline derivatives are contraindicated throughout pregnancy and after childbirth.
Chronical bronchitis. The clinical picture of chronic bronchitis in pregnant women is similar to that in non-pregnant women.
Uncomplicated chronic bronchitis is not a contraindication to pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnant women with chronic bronchitis are advised to stop smoking. Patients need to be examined, if diseases of the paranasal sinuses and teeth are detected, the necessary treatment is carried out, since these diseases can be the cause of chronic bronchitis. Medications and physical methods of influence are the same as in the treatment of acute bronchitis. Childbirth in patients with bronchitis proceed without complications.
2. Pneumonia.Acute pneumonia. In pregnant women, pneumonia often proceeds more severely due to a decrease in the respiratory surface of the lungs, a high position of the diaphragm, which limits the excursion of the lungs, and an additional load on the cardiovascular system.
Clinical picture acute pneumonia does not differ from that of non-pregnant.
The course and management of pregnancy.
With the development of pneumonia shortly before childbirth, it is necessary to delay the development if possible. labor activity with the help of b-mimetics and other means, since the birth act is dangerous due to the impact of toxic-infectious factors on the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
Treatment. When choosing an antibiotic, they are guided by the sensitivity of the microflora secreted by sputum to antibiotics, taking into account the duration of pregnancy and the effect of the drug on the fetus. The same antibiotics and in the same doses as in the treatment of acute bronchitis can be used. Oxygen therapy is very useful.
Pneumonia is not a contraindication to maintaining pregnancy.
chronic pneumonia.
The course and management of pregnancy and childbirth.
In chronic pneumonia stage 1 (1964 classification), pregnancy is acceptable. At stage II of the disease, pregnancy can be saved, but patients must be treated in a hospital for a long time. In the III stage of chronic pneumonia, respiratory and pulmonary heart failure are clearly expressed. The functions of external respiration are impaired, oxygen uptake is reduced. Develops myocardial cardiosclerosis - cor pulmonale. With such a severe "condition, pregnancy is absolutely contraindicated. Pregnant women should be hospitalized; with the help of medical procedures, the maximum possible improvement in the condition is achieved, after which the pregnancy should be terminated.
Treatment. During periods of exacerbations of chronic pneumonia, antibiotics are prescribed. Oxygen therapy is also needed - inhalations, oxygen "foam", oxygen tent, etc. The use of aminofillin is very effective, since this reduces pressure in the pulmonary circulation, i.e. eufillin acts on the main pathogenetic mechanism of cor pulmonale. In addition, eufillin relieves bronchospasm. In case of circulatory failure, cardiac glycosides and diuretics are prescribed. Do not limit the intake of mucolytic agents (thermopsis, terpinhydrate, sodium benzoate). Drugs that depress the respiratory center in women and fetuses are contraindicated.
Childbirth in patients with chronic pneumonia stage I and II have no features.
Delivery.
1. Through the natural birth canal. During childbirth, therapy is necessary: constant inhalation of oxygen, at stage II of the disease, the introduction of 10 ml of a 2.4% solution of aminophylline. In patients with chronic pneumonia of stage III, attempts are turned off with the help of obstetric forceps.
2. Caesarean section (in patients with stage III chronic pneumonia).
In chronic stage III pneumonia, therapy should include intravenous administration of cardiac glycosides.
3. Bronchial asthma - allergic disease. It often develops before pregnancy, but may first occur during pregnancy. The occurrence of asthma in pregnant women is associated with changes in the body of a woman, in particular with a change in the synthesis of prostaglandins that cause bronchospasm. Asthma that occurs during pregnancy may disappear after childbirth, but may remain as a chronic disease. The disease in pregnant women is more severe, with moderate and severe forms of exacerbation predominating with daily repeated attacks of suffocation, recurrent asthmatic conditions, and an unstable effect of treatment.
The course and management of pregnancy and childbirth.
The course of asthma worsens in the first trimester of pregnancy. Attacks of bronchial asthma during childbirth are rare, especially with the prophylactic appointment during this period of bronchodilators or glucocorticoid drugs.
Complications: preeclampsia, premature birth, the birth of small children, antenatal fetal death (rarely).
Bronchial asthma is not a contraindication to pregnancy. Only with recurring asthmatic conditions and symptoms of pulmonary heart failure can the question of early delivery arise. In patients with bronchial asthma, childbirth can be spontaneous, since asthma attacks during childbirth are easy to prevent.
Treatment. Relief of an attack.
1. In mild cases, apply:
a) bronchodilators in the form of inhalations and tablets: adrenomimetic izadrin administered with an inhaler and in tablets of 0.005 g under the tongue, or Alupent (asthmopent) 0.02 g under the tongue or 1-2 breaths from the inhaler; mixture consisting of aminophylline (3 g), marshmallow syrup (40 ml) and 12% ethyl alcohol(360 ml), 1 tablespoon per reception.
Teofedrin or antastman, solutan are contraindicated, because. contain phenobarbital and belladonna
b) hot drinks, mustard plasters or cans.
2. In severe cases, the treatment of patients with an asthmatic condition must be carried out in a hospital: intravenously administered 10 ml of 2 4% solution of aminophylline in 40% glucose solution or slowly drip 10-15 ml of aminophylline with 1 ml of ephedrine in 200-300 ml of 5% glucose solution . In heart failure, corglycone is added. At the same time, the patient is given oxygen. If an infection contributed to the attack, antibiotics are prescribed that are tolerated by the patient and do not adversely affect the fetus. In case of insufficient effect, 30 mg of prednisolone is injected into the muscle or vein every 3 hours until the asthmatic condition is relieved, gradually increasing the intervals between injections. With metabolic acidosis, 200 ml of a 4% solution of sodium bicarbonate is poured. 2-4 ml of cordiamine is injected subcutaneously to stimulate the respiratory center. If within 1-1.5 hours the condition does not improve, the auscultatory picture of the "silent lung" persists, then with the help of an anesthesiologist, they begin artificial ventilation of the lungs with active liquefaction and sputum suction.
It is important to exclude from the diet foods with high allergenic properties (citrus fruits, eggs, nuts) and non-specific food irritants (pepper, mustard, spicy and salty dishes). In some cases, it is necessary to change jobs if there are industrial hazards that play the role of allergens (chemicals, antibiotics, etc.).
Myopia and pregnancy.
Pregnancy can significantly worsen the course of eye diseases associated with damage to the cornea, lens, retina, vascular tract and optic nerve.
Myopia. A normal pregnancy in most cases does not affect the myopic process. The progression of myopia may be due to the development of early toxicosis and preeclampsia in pregnant women.
The course and management of pregnancy.
During pregnancy, complications such as retinal hemorrhages and retinal detachment may occur, and therefore urgent treatment by an ophthalmologist is required. In order to prevent possible complications, dynamic observation of an oculist, vitamin therapy, the appointment of calcium and rutin preparations, and the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia are necessary. Careful delivery is shown - a reduction in the sweat period (imposition of obstetric forceps). With a high degree of myopia, as well as its complications, a caesarean section is performed.
Indications for termination of pregnancy are the malignant course of myopia, the adverse effect of previous pregnancies on the myopic process, severe myopic changes in both eyes.
Know why! As always, during pregnancy, the hormonal background is to blame for everything, or rather, its hurricane changes, literally taking it out of future mother soul. These hitherto unfamiliar radical mood swings make her experience not only positive emotions.
By the way, for many women, the signal of the onset of pregnancy is just:
- unexpected tearfulness,
- sudden onset of anxiety
- a sudden feeling of childish helplessness (which also does not add calmness).
It is believed that it is in the first trimester that expectant mothers experience the strongest nervousness, because the female body has just begun to adapt to the recently begun, but already very rapid changes, and reacts to them, including with emotional swings.
There is nothing strange or unhealthy in this: we say “hormones” - we mean “emotions”, we say “emotions” - we mean “hormones” (may Vladimir Mayakovsky forgive me).
Which pregnant women are more prone to mood swings than others?
In early pregnancy, there is a greater risk of getting nervous strain or a pronounced emotional instability exposed to those expectant mothers who:
- Unnecessarily nervous in life or had neurological diseases before pregnancy.
- They suffer from hypochondria: they are used to worrying about their own person, and now the health of the unborn child is an inexhaustible source of anxiety.
- They got pregnant unexpectedly, unexpectedly, the pregnancy was not planned.
- They do not receive moral support from close people during pregnancy: husband, relatives, friends.
- Even before pregnancy, they had disorders of the endocrine system or acquired complications along this line with its onset.
Possible consequences of nervous breakdowns and tantrums during the period of bearing a child
The question of why pregnant women should not be nervous, in my opinion, makes expectant mothers even more nervous. During the period of bearing a baby, a woman has a hormonal storm in her body, and she is constantly reminded: “You can’t be nervous and cry, remember, this will harm the child, forget about your feelings, step on your throat with your emotions!”
In my opinion, such advice triggers a mechanism similar to an anecdotal one: to know the truth, drink a specially prepared potion and DO NOT THINK ABOUT A WHITE MONKEY IN ANY EVENT! It's the same with pregnancy: don't be nervous, don't be nervous, don't be nervous!
The expectant mother gets nervous involuntarily if she is constantly reminded of this. In addition, even non-pregnant people cannot keep calm all the time, except that 100% phlegmatic people succeed. Sometimes even “calm as elephants” people become furious, let alone pregnant women experiencing crazy hormonal changes. Everything is just good in moderation.
Dear pregnant future mothers! If you want to cry - cry a little, if you want to be annoyed - release your anger. Just do it consciously. Don't go to extremes. In other words, don't get hysterical, because it's really dangerous.
Yes, you have an excuse: along with all the other hormones, the release of the stress hormone cortisol also increases. But please be aware that it is within your power to cope with negative emotions, and refrain from tantrums and nervous breakdowns.
Risk of miscarriage
In the early stages, nervous breakdowns can lead to miscarriage. A sharp release of cortisol tones the uterus and causes it to contract. This is dangerous throughout pregnancy, because at the beginning it can provoke a miscarriage, and towards the end - premature birth.
This, in fact, is main danger tantrums and nervous breakdowns during the bearing of a child - here lies a direct threat to the life of both the unborn baby and the expectant mother.
In addition to "incompatibility with life", there are a number of negative consequences of emotional incontinence during pregnancy.
Negative impact on the psyche and development of the unborn child
Firstly, nervous mom makes the fetus nervous, which has a detrimental effect on the formation of the nervous system and psyche of the child. Correlations have already been found between maternal stress during pregnancy and the development of schizophrenia or autism in the infant.
Especially strong maternal nervousness affects the psyche of boys. Perhaps the desire to avoid such a prospect for your baby is a good antidote to the need to be nervous during pregnancy.
The threat of developing stress in the crumbs before and after birth
Secondly, even if serious mental illness in the unborn child is excluded, maternal stress during childbearing can lead to prolonged stress for the baby before and after birth.
While the child lives in the mother's womb, he receives hormones through common system blood supply and through the placenta of the pregnant woman. cortisol changes chemical composition blood and tissues of the placenta, which, in turn, makes it difficult for the fetus to breathe, plunges it into hypoxia and slows down development.
When the baby is born, all this hormonal cocktail received from the nervous mother continues to prevent him from living peacefully: the baby cries a lot, sleeps poorly, feeds with difficulty.
A vicious circle of stress closes: the mother was nervous during pregnancy - the fetus received unwanted hormones. As a result, born nervous child, he sleeps and eats poorly, which means he does not let his parents sleep. His unstable development upsets the mother - as a result, the woman does not get out of stress.
The threat of weakened immunity in the unborn baby
Thirdly, an even more distant prospect for the deterioration of the health of future sons or daughters due to the nervousness of the mother is a weakened immune system and hyperactivity, which means a painful childhood and reduced learning ability.
Factors that provoke increased nervousness during pregnancy
Constantly changing hormones
We have already described the main factor: it is an unstable hormonal background. It is hormones that are responsible for emotions, and, consequently, for mood, and not only in pregnant women, but all this affects future mothers more strongly.
And here it remains only to get used to the idea that the body is now pregnant, which means that emotions can change, because the endocrine system is being rebuilt, and all this happens inside me as a pregnant woman. This factor is internal.
There are, however, some reasons that can change female mood from the outside (and again, not only in pregnant women, but in them it is somehow more noticeable).
weather sensitivity
It is clear that this sensitivity itself is also an internal and completely hormone-dependent factor, but it is provoked by weather changes: when it rains, you want to cry, the wind increases anxiety, temperature drops - headache and melancholy, the sun - quiet happiness.
Or vice versa, anger: I, the unfortunate pot-bellied one, am suffering here, and this “yellow muzzle” has crawled out again!
Lunar cycle
Since ancient times, it has been known that the menstrual cycle is connected with the moon, because blood is a liquid, and all the tides on earth are controlled by the moon. In pregnant women, of course, menstruation stops, but, firstly, the body still “remembers” about these cycles for about the entire first trimester.
And, secondly, the womb of a pregnant woman is filled with all sorts of additional water like amniotic fluid, plus the volumes of blood, lymph and intercellular fluid increase, so that the moon has something to control in the pregnant body. And when there are ebb and flow inside, the mood will inevitably begin to change, if only because of changes in well-being.
Psychological atmosphere around a pregnant woman
Well, it's about everything famous things such as support for the father of the child, the parents of the pregnant woman, her various relatives and friends-girlfriends ... When all this is there, the pregnant woman feels that both she and the baby are loved, somehow there is more peace in the soul.
Although here, too, the medal has two sides: I have repeatedly heard complaints from young mothers that after the birth of a child, everything has changed, the husband and other relatives concentrate on the offspring, and she, the poor thing, no longer gets as much care as she did during pregnancy. So too good is also bad.
unexpected pregnancy
I really don’t want to mention such a reason for the hysteria of the expectant mother, but, nevertheless, it exists: the pregnancy was not desired. Awareness of the “unplanned” nature of one’s situation, coupled with an unstable hormonal background increases nervousness in a pregnant woman and can lead to nervous breakdowns.
How to learn not to be nervous during pregnancy?
It's pretty easy to do this.
- If possible, do what you want pregnant body: eat, drink, sleep, walk. If the body only wants to lie down and eat, turn on the brain and take yourself for a walk.
- Seeing the right doctor, listening to him and following the recommendations: among other things, it is calming. In addition, the doctor knows well that one should not be nervous during pregnancy, and will decide what to do in last resort: prescribe a sedative.
- Attend classes for pregnant women - gymnastics, swimming, a bath (unless, of course, all this is not contraindicated due to the characteristics of your pregnancy). Confident care for yourself and your unborn child also gives peace of mind.
- Take care not only about the body, but also about the soul: read interesting books, specialized publications for future parents, study your pregnancy. If you are a working pregnant woman and love your job, work for your health, this is an excellent prevention of intellectual stagnation.
- And finally, one more piece of advice. It is harsh, but often works, so this simple method is actively used in sports. If you can’t calm down in any way, and you are literally sausage, think about the child and say to yourself: “Come on, pull yourself together, rag!”
