Methods of child development after a year. Early development of a child up to a year: systems of general early development
All parents want their children to be developed, study well and become educated people in the future. And you are no exception!
That is why you think about the development of the child in the first year of his life. And you are doing it right! After all, the first three years of a baby's life are the most productive in terms of learning and memorization.
Do you really want to develop your baby, but do not know how to do it? You have a lot of questions: where to start, what to pay attention to Special attention, which specialists to contact, what are they, what are their features?
Today we will try to find answers to the most important questions about early childhood development.
Early development: how it happens
Early development - This is the education of the baby from birth to 6 years. Each child is born with great potential, the baby's brain is actively working, in the first years of life, connections between nerve cells are established and strengthened in the baby's brain. It is in the first years that the baby is most receptive to information, he remembers everything perfectly, knows how to copy and possesses a high degree curiosity. The child is literally interested in everything, he is open to any knowledge. These features of babies should definitely be used for their education from the first months of life.
Zaitsev's technique
Tyulenev's method
Waldorf pedagogy
In the context, the child is seen as a harmonious personality. According to this pedagogy, first the child must be taught to realize his whole place in the world, to become bright and free personality and only then learn to write and read. Comes in first place personal relationships with parents, other children, caregivers.
Irina Kolpakova, : « It is believed that 80% of information about everything, knowledge and skills that an adult has, he receives at the age of 3 years. Therefore it is quite clear that modern parents They want to fill their baby's head with all sorts of knowledge. Now there are many opportunities for this: groups early development, private kindergartens, individual sessions with teachers, computer programs, didactic materials, educational games and cartoons. It's wonderful when parents take care of and develop their child. But, I must say that everything is good in moderation. Overloading a child with an abundance of information is much worse than not doing it at all. A baby cannot study 2-3 languages at the age of 2-3, one of which is Japanese, for example. And daily trips to a couple of developmental activities exhaust both mother and child. Overloaded with activities, the baby does not sleep well, is capricious, restless for no reason, can become hyperactive and naughty. And it is difficult to blame him for this, he expresses his protest as best he can. You should be aware of another consequence of excessive exercise in early childhood. Children stuffed with knowledge, having come to the first class, either get bored, because. they already know a lot, or they refuse to study, because by this age they are already tired of studying.
It doesn’t matter at all which method you choose for the development of your baby, the main thing is to surround him with care, love, show patience and attention to him, responding to his abilities and preferences. and also do not overdo it with your studies.
How to develop a baby
School or homework?
Now there are many c early childhood development centers . Most of these centers accept children after a year, but there are also centers that take on the education of younger children. Basically, in such centers, children study together with their parents.
Of course, you can develop a baby at home if you master the necessary knowledge, consult with specialists and develop your own child development program.
Irina Kolpakova, pediatrician, homeopath - Homeopathic Center. Demiana Popova: “Choose an early development school close to home or study at home, classes should be short. Alternate intellectual and physical activities. Remember that healthy, timely sleep, diet and outdoor walks are much more important for your child than foreign language skills and the ability to read at 3 years old.
The choice between homework and education must be made based on many factors: financial, desire factor, availability of free time, and so on. Remember, the effectiveness of training does not depend on whether you studied at home or in a special center, it all depends on your diligence and diligence.
All parents want their child to be smart, healthy, and physically and mentally developed. IN early age the child learns the world through the game. To do this, assuming various activities, parents play with him. Hypothetically, it can be assumed that a child already at birth has a certain amount of knowledge. Nature tried to ensure that the baby found it in the process of intrauterine development.
The maximum program assumes not only the circumstance in which the child grows up healthy and intelligent, but also the need for an all-round harmonious development of the personality. This concept includes sports, music lessons, and any other values. In parenting practice, you can find many things that, in their opinion, can help with this. Some include the classical works of Mozart and Vivaldi for infants, others take infants on a tour of the museum. Some parents even give lessons in English to their breasts.
But is all this really useful? Maybe there is too much in all this? Now there are so many ideas and tips related to child development that they can really make your head spin.
Variety of types of development
According to Anna Rappoport, development should be understood as a process associated with the active upbringing of a child in the age range from 0 to 2-3 years. This phenomenon is associated with obvious benefits, although at one time it experienced a lot of ridicule from society. The reason for this is that the implementation of such a phenomenon in life is associated with the presence of many forms and various interpretations.
The process of raising children up to three years old is antagonistic to what is accepted in the traditional understanding of teaching children 6-7 years old, based on the canons of European culture. The meaning involves classes, both with infants and with younger and middle preschoolers.
Taking into account the traditional age psychology, the development of young children can exist in three forms. This division is carried out depending on the adequacy in relation to the age category:
1. Premature appearance. For a number of reasons, the baby’s psyche cannot perceive the amount of information that they are trying to “push” into it. This fully applies to the skills that are so diligently trying to instill in him. It is quite clear that, say, it is simply impossible to teach a baby to sit at such an age. No matter how they try to do it, its physiological features will not allow it.
2. Late development. In this case, the situation is exactly the opposite. They are trying to instill in the child what he should have in his arsenal of knowledge and skills for a long time. For example, a circumstance in which a child began to read only after 8 years is considered late. Of course, he will learn this, but the process will proceed with less productivity and rationality. The child is 10 years old, and his parents send him to a ballet school. Late. As they say, the train has already left. Never again will this child become a first-class dancer.
3. Timely option. With him, you can observe a situation in which the age and parameters of the child are in full accordance with his knowledge and skills, which are instilled in him. This variety is the most adequate type. With her, everything is in harmony. The main task is the correct goal setting. The actions of parents should never go against the wishes of the child. Everything must be backed up common sense and taking into account his physical condition.
Fundamentals of education
As soon as the baby was born, from that moment the process of his upbringing begins. With it, conditions are created that will set the baby up to get acquainted with the musical world, painting. The kid needs to read fairy tales, scroll through audio recordings. It is necessary to create corners that are filled various items. All this will contribute to the fact that the crumbs will develop sensory organs and physical activity. Not only the mother, but also other related people should actively communicate with the child. In a colloquial way, information should not be limited only to what delicious mashed potatoes he will eat.
It is necessary for him, for example, to inform him that it will soon begin to rain and streams of water will pour from the sky. It is necessary for him to explain in an accessible form where it comes from in general. Or, say, to explain that the bead will never go through this labyrinth. This will not allow her to do another bead standing in her way. Various other points are explained.
Simply put, the activities are aimed not only at preparing for a preschool or school institution. They involve something more, namely, the creation of such an atmosphere in which the child will receive a comprehensive spiritual and harmonious development. Efforts should be directed towards the development of the child logical thinking, attention and fantasy. He must learn the synthesis and analysis of information. But do not strive to raise a child prodigy from a child. Not everyone is given this ability by nature.
Raising children at an early age can go with the use of various methods. Each of them has its own positive sides. But at the same time, they also come with certain disadvantages. In order to visualize their essence, one should dwell in more detail on the characteristics that imply the methods of early development of children.
Glenn Doman and his technique
This author was at the end of the last century a fairly well-known American physiotherapist. Through his efforts, a whole theory of raising babies at an early age has been developed. Initially, the Glenn Doman technique was developed in relation to children who had various disorders of the central nervous system. But over time, it has been adapted to healthy children. It turned out that it is quite applicable for a healthy children's contingent. The leitmotif of this concept is the statement according to which children under the age of 6 only just learn about the world around them. At this time, it is simply impossible to teach them anything. This should be done only when the child sits down on the school bench. In this, this theory is closely intertwined with the views associated with traditional European education.
Doman strongly recommends showing children various cards on which any words are written. You can start doing this from 1-4 months of life. Such actions will allow the baby to quickly master writing and reading. This is argued by the fact that certain letters are deposited in memory. The card must contain large letters. The written word is spoken loudly and clearly.
The procedure with different cards is repeated many times. In this case, the scientist believes, the child will remember both spelling and pronunciation. If the card says, say, “orange”, then you can also show a real fruit at the same time. This way of visual perception will contribute to faster adaptation to the environment. At this age, this will be quite enough for a child. Do not be naive to believe that he will be able to read a complex voluminous novel.
Practice shows that after such classes, children learn to write and read faster, and adaptation to the environment takes place more actively.
This technique is not ideal, and its shortcomings can be found in the very essence. It is unlikely that a baby at the age of one year is able to sit in one place for as long as it takes for this with such training. Many children are more interested in active games or watching cartoons than long, tiring activities that involve using one sitting position. He will master no more than four cards. Then his attention will shift to something else. This technique is more applicable to those babies who are slow in nature.
Maria Montessori
As an educator, philosopher and active politician, she turned out to be more perspicacious than the previous author. The Montessori technique turned out to be able to take into account the circumstance under which the assertion that it is much preferable for a baby to actively move rather than look at pictures while sitting has the right to exist. According to her recommendations, the room is divided into different zones, and the baby is given complete freedom to choose his activity. Let him do exactly what he most wants to do at the moment.
Whether it's a teacher or a parent, main task here is to arouse in the crumbs an interest in his actions. He needs to explain and show a more rational way to use certain items. Care must be taken to ensure that the entire range of items in the room is commensurate with the parameters of the baby. Everything here should be small, dishes, books, other items. Even shelves in size should be such that the baby himself can easily get everything he needs. It's okay if someone will use the porcelain service. This will teach the baby to be careful and concentrate his attention.
waldorf system
Its direction is related to physical education baby. In addition, it instills creativity in him. Particular attention is paid to active games, dancing. Within the framework of this system, actions are carried out in which the methods of speech development, math classes are in the background. The main condition for it is that the development of qualities and skills should be carried out without any lead. With the technique, several other components of the harmonious development of the baby's personality are achieved. These primarily include the mental, physical and spiritual spheres.
This concept is not used when conducting education, the place for which is a regular school and kindergarten. There is an isolation of Waldorf schools and kindergartens. In them, for classes with children, one cannot find those toys, the material for the manufacture of which are artificial components. The prevailing are wooden Toys, objects made of clay and stone. TV and computer in the process of education is used minimally. More attention is paid to walks in the fresh air and reading books.
In the curriculum, a foreign language is used from the first grade. At the same time, more classes are devoted to drawing and modeling. According to this concept, the accents are placed on the cultural component of the child's personality.
Zaitsev and his system
The only domestic technique that has gained great popularity throughout the territory after the collapse of the Soviet Union is the Zaitsev system. The Petersburg author is an innovative teacher. He outlined the concept of teaching children to read and write using blocks. The main contingent for its use are children aged 3-4 years. The author proposes various means to achieve results when using this technique. These means are cubes, cards, tables and even short songs (Zaitsev's chants). While learning, children move from table to table, and all this is accompanied by dancing and singing. Zaitsev's cubes serve as a kind of "warehouses". They mark the arrangement of syllables. Their teacher asks the children to pronounce and remember. This method, according to the author, is an alternative to learning the alphabet.
The cubes have a different color, which is determined by whether the syllable has a soft or hard character. With the help of cubes, you can build a word, a whole phrase. But this is done only when all the syllables are well learned by the children. It should be noted that children are ready to master this technique with pleasure. This partly explains its popularity. This technique smooths out sharp corners imperfections in the education of preschoolers and schoolchildren of our time.
Along with this, there are other methods that can be discussed in more detail.
Doman-Manichenko concept
The author was a follower of Doman in our country and gained wide popularity. His concept has become extremely popular. He simultaneously studied pedagogy and psychology. Andrey Manichenko founded his own company, which was called "Clever". His methodology has been adapted to educational process in our country. The main difference from the original author's concept is that the learning is based on a game form. Supposed Active participation the child himself in the educational process.
The concept of this technique can be reduced to the following positions:
1. Lessons of short duration, taking place in the form of a game.
2. Complexity in the learning process. Cards are gradually being replaced by books.
3. Various means are used during classes. It can be a variety of teaching aids.
Development according to the method of Cecile Lupan
She was a mother who directed all her hobbies to the study of early development. She raised her two daughters according to the Doman method. In practice, she was able to feel all its pluses and minuses. Naturally, she made certain adjustments to the methodology, the need for which was due to the results obtained on own experience. The advantage over Doman's author's method was that it placed the emphasis on the individuality of each child, and not on the average statistics that the founder of such a concept had.
She chose more subtly various methods learning. At the same time, the child's inclinations to something, increased interest in conducting a particular lesson were taken into account.
The Cecile Lupan system is based on the following positions:
The best teachers for a baby are his own parents. The child is not indifferent to the fact that adults show interest in his needs. But you shouldn't be too overprotective.
The child learns using game forms. Classes take place until the parents see that the baby is showing signs of fatigue. The kid should always be happy with the lessons. His parents are also happy with this. Do not test your child's knowledge. There should be more improvisation and less action aimed at creating blanks.
To know the world should begin with speech. The child needs the need for constant conversations with him. It is necessary to speak even when the child still does not understand anything.
In order to fully reveal the natural abilities of the child, each crumb must be approached individually, with the use of elements of flexibility and sensitivity.
Because the physical activity is the basis for mental development, it should be given special attention. The author comprehensively advocates the benefits of swimming babies, while promoting the Claire Timmermans technique.
We develop talents according to the Shinichi Suzuki method
This author was a Japanese violinist. He founded a school of talents. According to him, musicality is not a manifestation of talent, but is only an ability that can and is important to develop. For him, playing various instruments is akin to learning the basics of his native speech, and there is no fundamental difference in achieving the goal in both cases. Some of his methods are called the “Native Language Method”. His pupils brilliantly played the violin, admiring the people present with their playing. This fully proves that such a technique has the right to exist.
Key points of the methodology:
1. The basis of the learning process lies in the love, care and attention of parents. The benevolence of the atmosphere will contribute to the fact that the child's abilities will be revealed to the fullest.
2. The beginning of instilling love for music should go from the moment of his birth.
3. Teaching music involves the presence of multiple repetitions, and this will contribute to the development of diligence. The child will learn to understand the meaning of the work that he performs.
4. Learning should be seen as a game, not a direct obligation. Then this process for the child will only be a joy.
Masaru Ibuka and his technique
As a Japanese engineer and successful businessman, he was one of the founders of the well-known Japanese company Sony. But he received great fame as an author who created a unique technique related to the early development of children. It was called the Masaru Ibuka system. It provides recommendations concerning absolutely every aspect of the life of young children. He was the father of an only son who suffered from a serious illness. Its name is autism. This circumstance prompted him to study various methods associated with upbringing and education.
He focused all his attention on children and adolescents. Based on the results of observations, he wrote the book "After three it's too late." In his opinion, in the first three years of a child's life, he develops mental abilities. For the education of the crumbs, this period is the "golden" time. Parents shouldn't miss out on it.
Basic moments:
In the early years, the child lays the foundation for his entire subsequent life. The task of parents is to provide a favorable environment for this. It is necessary to constantly communicate with the baby, the manifestation of care and affection towards him. The author believes that the environment in the development of the child is a determining factor.
"Overfeed" the child new information impossible. The brain will simply block access to excess information.
It is important to familiarize the baby with real art. He is introduced to various reproductions of paintings by famous artists, offered to listen to the works of outstanding composers.
The child should not be provided with a large number of toys. This will contribute to the dispersion of attention, and not its concentration.
If you show severity, then this should be done in the first years of a baby's life. Then it will be too late, because the child will already have a sense of self-respect. At the same time, if you put too much pressure on the child, then this will certainly cause a protest on his part.
At an early age, kids need to be taught foreign languages.
If a child shows creative initiative, then he should receive all kinds of encouragement from his parents.
Constant physical activity is required. It must be trained from infancy.
How the child will be raised is up to the parents themselves. But there is no need to approach this issue with excessive fanaticism. Everything is done in strict accordance with individual features baby.
The attitude of parents to such methods is very different. There are both their supporters and opponents. How many people, so many opinions. This is influenced by different stereotypes that are present in a particular society. Naturally, almost every parent faces them, which leaves an imprint on the formation of attitudes towards this issue.
Be that as it may, one should never forget that each baby is characterized by the presence of certain age norms and features.
When creating a family, young people take on great responsibility for each other, and when a small person appears, everything must be created for his life and development. the necessary conditions. good food And healthy sleep are very important for the crumbs, but do not forget that for a successful future, a harmonious early development of the child as a person is necessary.
Modern parents can independently choose ways to develop their baby, most of the techniques are described in detail on the virtual web, there are many books, but it is best to rely on your observations of babies. You can easily determine what the little one gravitates towards and, based on this, you can make a choice in favor of one or another method of early development. Psychologists and pediatricians advise starting the active development of the baby from, it is at this age that the psyche and tactile perception the surrounding world.
For a child in infancy the attention of parents is very important and it is at this time that it is easiest to invest in your baby the necessary knowledge and skills to form a strong and strong-willed character. Scientists for a long time believed that to start child development best before going to kindergarten, but in the last twenty years this opinion has changed dramatically. Modern kids are more active and perfectly perceive interesting activities and educational programs in a playful way.
Based on the abilities of your baby, you can independently develop a training course based on the proposed modern programs only parents can do right choice. Be sure to note that it is best to start training programs from the age of six months, consciousness begins to form under the influence of impressions from the outside world, the brain actively grows and absorbs more new information.
How do you know if a child is ready to learn?
All people are different, in fact, babies do not develop in the same way, someone begins to perceive music earlier, someone prefers games and learning letters and numbers, but there are basic parameters that will allow parents to determine the level of preparation of their little one. Child psychologists have come to the conclusion that development should begin at the age of six months, and by this time the baby should have the following skills:
Children at this age begin to perceive the sounds and speech of others well, so try to tell all your actions, pronounce the names of animals and everything that surrounds the baby. Your baby will play various sounds, which will serve as a signal for you to start active activities.
Analytical skills begin to form, the little ones respond well to the name of objects and try to take their names.
Most children at this age are already sitting and are beginning to actively crawl, which indicates correct work musculoskeletal system, but most importantly - you can start teaching your child using sensory perception and physical activity.
Growing up breast babies very carefully follow the facial expressions and emotions of the people around, thanks to this, the correct emotional development, which will allow you to choose development methods based on emotions.
Carefully observe your baby, analyze whether he has the necessary skills to start learning. Excessive loads will adversely affect the physical and emotional condition your baby, so it is important to select loads in accordance with the development of the crumbs.
Today there are a lot of gadgets, games and additional ways, which allow you to teach the little one to read and write, however, it is best to choose a technique that combines emotional, psychological and physical aspects. Do not forget that the foundations of behavior, laid down from an early age, will form the character and personality of your baby in the future. The main task loving parents invest all the best, but do not forget about the formation of attitudes towards negative actions. Any child should clearly understand what is “possible” and “impossible”.
What types of developmental programs are available?
Modern parents begin to select training courses for their kids almost from birth, without thinking about the level of stress on the child's psyche. Experts from various development centers will help you choose the right development methodology for your baby, but if you don’t have such an opportunity, you can decide on the right program yourself. Below we will present the most popular methods of developing babies. preschool age.Techniques based on visual, emotional and tactile perception
A fairly popular method for the early development of babies today is the theory of Dr. Maria Montessori, which is based on tactile and visual perception of the surrounding world.
Main advantage of this technique is that the child gets into interesting world, which includes various aspects of life from nature to mathematics and music.
Quite successful teachers consider the way a child develops visual perception, this Gyenes technique who suggested big set items various shapes and colors. These items represent various conditions environment, and a list of tasks will allow parents to find a greater common language with their crumbs.
Another way to develop analytical skills in young children is to assemble interesting constructors which allow you to think creatively and calculate your actions. This technique was developed in Russia at the beginning of 1990 by the brilliant engineer Voskobovich, who subsequently proposed a mass various options fairy-tale construction sets for children from two years old.
This group also includes educational toys, which were developed by Nikitin's parents with many children, they offered the children cubes, circles, constructors and puzzles of various colors, textures and shapes. Thanks to the proposed training programs, you can quickly form an idea of the world around the little one.
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The following group of educational trainings will help develop your child's love for music, reading and mathematics.
Older children need to be taught to read, and today there are two interesting programs developed by Chaplygina and Zaitsev.
These two programs are based on reading by syllables, in each of the sets there are several cubes with letters, as well as a special block that forms syllables. It is much easier for a child to remember letters in the form of cubes, because he can associate them with different colors.
Developing musical talents in your little ones is very easy with an interesting family theory Zheleznov, this training includes listening to classical and modern music, interesting dance games, as well as funny gestures that form not only hearing, but also visual perception.
According to the theory Cuisiner it is easiest to teach kids counting and the slightest mathematical operations at an early age, he developed a set of multi-colored sticks of various lengths, which the little one associates with numbers. Using these beautiful sticks, you can teach your baby to distinguish between more and less. Perceiving letters and numbers is quite difficult even for an adult child, however, the game form and attractive colors make this process fun and as comfortable as possible.
The learning theories presented above are generally designed for children aged one year and older, however, there are theories that everything can be taught to a baby only up to three years. Proponents of this theory can be considered Tyulenev and the Ibuk method, they claim that using special toys and manuals, you can teach a young baby anything. These methods are controversial, but, in spite of everything, they give excellent results, so parents need to get acquainted with these training programs. It is important to remember that a small child perceives all information only in a visual way, and it is best to observe how the child relates to the information received in the initial couples of training.
An important role for the baby is played by the support of the entire process by the parents, you must be patient and take part in all the lessons or games of your child. Only together can we get the desired results. Having studied all the recommendations, consulted with teachers and psychologists, you can make the right choice, but do not forget that the development of the child should be not only intellectual, but also physical. It is necessary to use several programs at the same time, thanks to this approach you will be able to direct the abilities of your little one in the right direction and subsequently get a successful adult.
What to choose if the baby is different from other babies!
Of course, all children need the correct formation of consciousness, but sometimes situations arise when a child is slightly different from his peers and lags behind in development. Despite the availability of unique technologies, various testing abnormalities in the womb, babies are born with various pathologies and deviations of emotional and intellectual development.
Doman technique
Parents who are faced with a similar situation should not despair, because Glen Doman proposed his own methodology for developing abilities in children with developmental disabilities. Doman is an outstanding neurophysiologist who long time observed children with mental disabilities, and offered his own training program, which contributes to the rapid rehabilitation of babies. The basis of the theory is that there is a large number of cards showing different aspects of life.
The presented pictures can depict animals, numbers, composers and poets, various political figures, in a word, everything related to everyday life any person. Cards are shown to little ones from six months old several times a day in certain groups, gradually expanding the groups and adding new cards to them.
Using this theory, you can significantly expand the horizons of the child, contributing to his emotional and intellectual development.
Having obtained excellent results with children with developmental problems, the technique was slightly improved and adapted for teaching babies with a normal level of development.
Thanks to the efforts of Glenn and his assistants, a large number of scientists and even Nobel laureates appeared in the world, who lagged behind in their development in their early years, so it is important for parents of special kids to pay attention to the proposed program. Parents need to understand one thing. important thing, the future of their child depends on how carefully they will treat the development of his talents and skills.
Using modern technologies and various teaching methods, it is quite simple to instill in your little one a love of music and creativity, teach him to read and count, and also take care of psychological and moral development.
It is important for a child to feel the support of their parents at any age, so try to spend as much time as possible together. Get top scores can only be obtained by starting any business together, the main thing to remember is that the future of the child depends on what the parents will invest in it.
Many mothers, even before the birth of the baby, think about its further development. What needs to be done so that the child grows up smart and inquisitive? How to develop the possibilities inherent in every tiny little man? What to do with the baby in the first year of life? All these questions are answered modern techniques early development of children. Which one to choose? You will decide for yourself after reading our article.
1. Montessori Method
According to Maria Montessori, the development of a baby should be based on two principles: a playful form of learning and the independence of the child. Without an individual approach to apply this technique will not work. Every child is unique and this must be taken into account. The kid himself will choose a suitable occupation for himself, you just need to create a developing environment for him. The child's mistakes should not be corrected, he will do it himself. Mom should only unobtrusively lead the whole process, but in no case should she teach the baby. What effect does this method of early child development have? First of all, it is aimed at improving:
attention;
Motility;
Imagination.
2. Nikitin's technique
This developmental technique assumes that the child does not need to be forced to do anything. Communication between parents and the baby should be built in the form of cooperation. Mom and dad just set the right direction, but do not try to teach the child everything as soon as possible. It is also important to create so-called "leading" conditions. For example, if the baby is just trying to pronounce his first words, you should purchase an alphabet for him (plastic or magnetic), as well as a set of numbers (also magnetic or in the form of cubes). It is worth noting that this system is currently very popular all over the world. For example, in Japan this is the basic technique in all kindergartens.
3. Dolman technique
"Bits of information" - this is how Glen Doman himself calls the cards he developed. It is on them that his method of early child development is based. What is its essence? The baby can be shown cards with various images from birth. It could be animals Appliances, natural phenomena, wardrobe details, even counting dots and written words. The session lasts only a few seconds, but is repeated several times a day.
4. Waldorf pedagogy
This method of early development of the child makes the main bet on the spiritual and aesthetic component of the personality, but not on the intellect. If you work according to this system, then with the baby you need to do modeling, folk crafts, play various instruments, stage your own mini-performances, and observe nature. By the way, this technique does not recommend teaching a child to read before he is 12 years old! Important role in teaching plays a visual representation. This system has many opponents. First, she completely pays no attention to and thinking. Secondly, in a sense, this technique is aimed at creating ideal conditions, which are far from real life. And, thirdly, the development of the child is significantly inhibited. However, this program can help those whose baby is hyperactive and aggressive.
5. Zaitsev's technique
This method of early child development brings to the fore learning to read. Classes are necessarily held in the form of a game. At the same time, children sing, clap their hands and are constantly in motion. The basis of the system is the so-called "warehouses". These are combinations of sounds that are arranged in pairs. That is why at school a child who is studying under this program will have to start all over again - to learn letters, and only then syllables.
Do with the baby according to Zaitsev or according to Doman? Give to a Montessori kindergarten or a Waldorf? Or maybe it’s better to leave the house with a nanny altogether and postpone your studies until later? Today, young mothers ask themselves these questions, still bending over the cradle of a newborn. Early development has become a reality of our lives, and more and more parents, following Japanese teachers, come to the conclusion: "after three it's too late."
What method to choose?
If you decide that early development is for you, that you have enough strength, time and patience for several years to systematically, day after day, work with your baby; if you are ready for the fact that the fruits of your hard work will not come up very, very soon, and even tiny results will not be visible immediately; if you are ready for puzzled looks, and sometimes obvious condemnation of others, then first of all you should devote some time to a detailed and careful study of the basic techniques early development. Of course, the authors and followers of each of them will argue that it is their way of teaching reading, music or foreign language unique and 100% effective unlike all the others. You should not rely on someone else's opinion, because education is a kind of commodity that needs to be sold more profitably. Often, gullible parents take stories about miraculous ways of learning to read or swim at face value and rush to the cherished heights with the persistence and fervor of sectarians, forgetting that sometimes children just need to take a walk, play, be alone with their thoughts. In the mouths of such mothers, Zaitsev's warehouse chants sound like Hare Krishna mantras, games with Nikitin's cubes or frames look like esoteric rituals inaccessible to the uninitiated, and learning to swim looks like, perhaps, a sacrifice. God forbid to tell such parents that the system deified by them has flaws!
In principle, none of the popular early development systems is universal, each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and your task is to figure out what will be good and useful for your baby, because only you know the features of his character and temperament, inclinations, tastes and habits. In this article, I only consider the main pros and cons of the most popular early development systems. But, before proceeding with classes on any of them, you should study in detail methodical literature, and best of all, if time and means allow, to be like courses for parents.
Waldorf pedagogy
Among early development systems Waldorf pedagogy occupies a special place. On the one hand, in Waldorf kindergartens and schools, great attention is paid to the development of the emotional world of the baby, his creativity. All children are engaged in music (mainly playing the flute) and eurythmy, a special system of rhythmic exercises to music. A lot of time is devoted to various crafts: ceramics, embroidery, weaving, woodcarving. a huge role in the life of the Waldorf school there are numerous theatrical holidays, drama and puppet performances, puppets for which are made in a special way, and only from natural materials(This, by the way, is one of the fundamental requirements: no chemistry and synthetics in the lives of children).
On the other hand, Waldorf educators are categorically against the early stimulation of the child's intellect. According to the classical canons, teaching a child to read and write, and even more so abstract disciplines, should begin no earlier than the age of twelve, when the child’s spiritual and emotional world has formed. This requirement, however, is rarely met thoroughly, but be prepared for the fact that you are unlikely to be able to combine a visit to the Waldorf kindergarten with homework in Zaitsev's cubes. But the main thing is not even that. Much more important is that Waldorf pedagogy- this is part of the anthroposophical teaching created at the beginning of the 20th century by Rudolf Steiner, which is not compatible with any traditional religion. Whatever kindergarten teachers say and think about this, where you plan to send your baby, you should definitely take into account that Waldorf pedagogy cannot exist outside the ideology of anthroposophy. However, there is nothing wrong with borrowing some elements of this system, such as crafts. And if you sew real waldorf dolls They are sure to be loved by both girls and boys.
Montessori system
Montessori system also arose at the beginning of the century. Maria Montessori, teacher-defectologist, dealt with the problem of teaching mentally retarded children. Since her little patients did not speak well, Montessori developed special exercises that developed speech by training fine motor skills of the fingers (there are nerve endings that stimulate speech centers in the cerebral cortex). And due to the fact that children with developmental delay did not understand teachers' explanations well, special manuals and games were invented, with the help of which students of this unusual school could study the world around them based on their own sensory experience. What was the surprise of teachers, parents, and even the author of the methodology, when after some time it turned out that mentally retarded children learned to read, write and count earlier than their normally developed peers from a regular school. Since then, the Montessori system has received tremendous recognition around the world. In many European countries, it is the main teaching system in primary schools. In Montessori schools and kindergartens, children of different ages and levels of knowledge study in the same group, older and more experienced ones help beginners learn. In general, initiative, the desire for cooperation and independent research are stimulated in every possible way.
Perhaps the only drawback of the Montessori system is the bulkiness of materials and manuals. Most of them, after all, are designed for classes in the kindergarten group, and not at home. But some games, such as the famous Frames and Inserts, can be used at home as well. If you do not have the funds or the ability to buy them, make such an allowance yourself, detailed description works are in the book of B.P. Nikitin "Intellectual games".
There are a lot of Montessori kindergartens now, and if you want to send your child there for a full day or bring them to separate classes, then you can very well find one not far from you. But in order to insure against incompetent impostors, you must definitely find out if the kindergarten you have chosen is a member of the Montessori Teachers Association.
Comment on the article "Early Development Systems: Montessori and Waldorf Pedagogy"
They advertise "soviet pedagogy" ("Rainbow", "Origins", "Hungarians", etc.), which certainly cannot be attributed to systems of early development. child in the "Waldorf kindergarten", then spent in the "Montessori garden", then, they tried to save themselves with educational games ...
Discussion
For some reason, the author did not consider another system of early development according to the methods of P.V. Tyuleneva - WORLD of a child.
The child in the game learns the world. The first results were obtained back in 1988 - the child, not yet able to walk, was already typing letters and syllables on an electric typewriter! :)
The results of typing texts by a child from 1 to 6 years old from 1988 - 1995 are available on the site
program “Gifted children for every family”.
I fully share the opinion of the conference participants who have already spoken that early development is not only and not so much learning to count and write (in itself, this is incredibly boring!). I also spoke about the not very successful term "early development", citing the statement of L.A. Nikitina "timely development". Everyone has their own timeliness, the task of an adult is to give the child the opportunity to learn what he wants to know. I perceive Asina's articles as a kind of educational program for those parents who are lost in a variety of unfamiliar terms, trying to find out how Doman differs from Montessori. I can well imagine that for someone they turned out to be useful.
The recommendation to the author to "at least get feedback from those about whom he writes" made me shudder, given that, apart from N.A. the methods of early development, which are mentioned in the articles, have long been in the other world. Are you suggesting a séance?
It is also strange to see the assertion that the Montessori method will certainly ruin parents. After all, she has quite a lot different games with plasticine, sand, water, clothespins, semolina, which even not the most wealthy family can afford.
"The main result of the widespread introduction of the Waldorf system, which was undertaken by some odious deputy ministers of education..." I really had no idea that the Waldorf system was widely implemented in Russia! And can you clarify where exactly the aforementioned system was implemented WIDELY?
"After all, parents are interested in what they will receive from the sellers of" educational services "." Personally, I am much more interested in what my child’s thoughts are busy at this particular moment and what I can offer in response to this interest. And it will not necessarily be some kind of methodology, from start to finish, and even more so some of its seller!
"This article is set out in full on one of the real early development sites." Dear Masha, what then made you look for other sites on "fake" early development?
Waldorf pedagogy. Methods of early development. Early development. Early development methods: Montessori, Doman, Zaitsev's cubes, learning to read, groups In my opinion, this is not compatible with the Waldorf system. 11.06.2008 13:59:59, Natalya L.
Discussion
Ten years ago there was a buzz in Moscow that graduates of the Waldorf schools could not pass the exams for high school. Especially mathematics they simply did not have. Whole tragedies broke out ... Somewhere on the Internet there was even an official report about the experiment.
The founder of this direction, Steiner, is a supporter of mysticism, esotericism, he believes in the aura and, in general, builds all education on these otherworldly hypotheses and theories. Education is for rich slackers. As a result, we get a kind of bohemian, who do not understand anything in real life and are not capable of anything ... Unless, of course, they are not corrected at least partially in time somewhere in a decent expensive institution. Such an impression of Waldorf pedagogy.
First of all, read on the topic of what real Waldorf pedagogy is with all the personal belongings. with the fact that every passer-by can be a teacher, that the concept of the creation of God and the Darwinian theory are garbage, and their theory of the creation of the world is correct, that barbie and TV are a taboo, that reading books up to N years is harmful, and even more so in a manger , etc. The next step is to carefully find out if this is what your school and kindergarten preaches, or if they just have a sign with buzzword and unconventional approach. If the first - then see p1. and decide whether all this is included in the system of your life values.
Montessori. Methods of early development. Early development. We have a Montessori kindergarten - children do a lot of crafts with small details The main difference between the Montessori methodology and Waldorf pedagogy can be called the position of the teacher.
Discussion
Here is one example link. Anything happens in practice. My son, for example, has few artistic pursuits, so we compensate for this shortcoming at home. But children are engaged in counting with interest, very gradually, in the game, they master literacy.
Early development methods: Montessori, Doman, Zaitsev's cubes, teaching reading, groups, activities with children. "Doman", "Montessori", "Waldorf pedagogy" - all this flickers everywhere and constantly, while it is natural that someone is for, someone is against.
Waldorf pedagogy. Methods. Early development. Early development methods: Montessori, Doman, Zaitsev's cubes, teaching reading, groups, activities with children. Although I think that a child can safely go to the garden with the Waldorf system, and at home to mom ...
Discussion
We have already talked about Waldorf pedagogy many times, search for it.http://archive.1september.ru/gazeta/1999/51/5-1.htm
http://news.1se-ptember.ru/upr/1999/upr19-2.htm
http://birth.ft.inc.ru/ from 07/26/2000
Among other things, there is this point of view:
http://www.kuraev.ru/vp.html
http://www.kuraev.ru/gb/view.php3?subj=2770,page-=3,section=16
Early development methods: Montessori, Doman, Zaitsev's cubes, teaching reading, groups, activities with children. Regarding Waldorf pedagogy, a conclusion was made in Germany, after they figured out what was what: "Steiner pedagogy was invented ...
Discussion
I watched an interview with the director of the series "School" Valeria Gai Germanika. In an interview, she said that she studied at such a school, and when her parents transferred her to a regular school, it turned out that she did not know anything of what her peers knew. Starting from kindergarten, this system teaches not only paganism, but also mysticism. With children, they learn what needs to be demonstrated to parents. This system is not only dangerous for children, but also for parents, as it is aimed at pumping money.
The Waldorf method involves religious education in a veiled form, and specifically, it teaches paganism.
Early development. Early development methods: Montessori, Doman, Zaitsev's cubes, teaching reading, groups, activities with children. And this is only Maria Montessori, there are a lot of systems and methods. Doman, Waldorf methods - and some of them, I think, can only...
Discussion
We started walking to new club"Parusyata" on Schukinskaya, departed for a month. The kids are very happy, so is game room, where you can leave the baby with the teacher to play, everything is clean, brand new ... I could not pick up the children from the playroom for 2 hours. so much out there interesting toys for role-playing games... The teachers are very attentive and there are a lot of interesting activities... fairy tale therapy, author's dolls, etc. It’s really too early for us to make dolls ... we still don’t even have 3, but I saw how my girls’ eyes lit up. In the meantime, we go to early development ...)))
Early development methods: Montessori, Doman, Zaitsev's cubes, teaching reading, groups, activities with children. Who took / takes the kids to a Montessori class? How was it?
Discussion
If it's still relevant :)
We went there, however, the small one was still quite small - 8-10 months. I am satisfied with the teachers, but their base is not the best - many materials are homemade, and, of course, it does not look as aesthetically pleasing as the original Montessori materials. In general, the impression is rather positive, I would go again, but we are far away and in traffic jams.
I took my daughter to Montessori courses for a very short time at the age of 1.7 approximately. She really liked it. In this regard, I decided to send the child to a Montessori kindergarten, I am satisfied with the methodology, the child went to kindergarten in September at the age of 2.5 years, there was no adaptation at all, she likes it very much kindergarten. But a lot depends on the teacher! We have two teachers and a nanny on the first shift, 1 teacher and a nanny on the second shift. So my daughter calls one teacher Baba Yaga, and another Princess))) These are the things)) And of course I see the result, my child didn’t know how to play on her own at all, she got me all the time ((and now she has become a serious and independent person. I I think that Montessori is the best now, I know many parents whose children went to school after this kindergarten are very prepared.
The essence of Montessori pedagogy lies in the motto "Help me do it myself." The child and his individuality are put at the forefront. (Wikipedia) "Here it is!!! This is what our baby needs!" - Young parents joyfully exclaim after reading these words in the brochures of various children's institutions. They still have memories of their childhood. Based on them, mothers and fathers vigorously discuss the future of their child: “He will never choke on semolina, swallowing it through ...
Discussion
The goal here seems to be the same: to discredit the scientific approach to raising a child, since Maria Montessori, in fact, was the first to demonstrate it, after Jan Comenius in the 27th century ... Before her, before Maria Montessori, pedagogy worshiped traditions, Herbart’s drill, where abilities and talent survived in one (1) case out of a hundred (100). Maria Montessori for the first time forced to respect the child, to approach him as a future person and for the first time put him on stream from the age of three. Until the age of three, she categorically denied the possibility of children learning. Although sometimes she said: that there is an ocean of the unknown ... At the beginning of the 20th century, Maria Montessori signed a contract with one capitalist to prepare future educated and hard-working workers from the children of poor Italians. She did what happened in the USSR many years later, and what Russia has yet to do after the "Catastroy": a system of children's homes for children with workers' hostels, one might say, with future "profit houses for guest workers." Montessori pupils put the children of the elite to shame: in all respects, except for creativity, they turned out to be much better prepared in elementary school.
But here Montessori is not to blame: such was the contract with her: there is no need to instill and develop any creative abilities in the children of workers! Even the word "play" was forbidden in "Children's Houses" by the charter. On the whole, Montessori revolutionized preschool education and paved the way for the development of scientific pedagogy. The next step was taken by Boris and Lena Nikitin: they gave birth to 7 children and by 1968 proved that a child can and should be developed comprehensively even earlier: at the age of 3 years, and children began to read at 2.5 years. Nikitin formulated the NUVERS law. Other methods of the 60-70s lagged far behind Nikitinskaya. So, with Doman, for example, children begin to actually read, and not memorize, as he himself writes, only from 3 to 3.5 years old).
Finally, in 1988, a technique appeared (it seems that these books are here in Publications) "Read, count, know notes ... - before walking" by Pavel Tyulenev, where those who wish can start learning from conception or during pregnancy :)
Here is the history and logic of the formation of early development methods, including Montessori.
Unfortunately, the article under discussion shows the amazing ignorance of the author in matters of psychology and pedagogy of preschool age, and, moreover, in the field of early development, and throws parents back a hundred years or more.
By the way, in one of the most modern books (see download on the Internet) "The giftedness of children and the solution to the mystery of managing humanity and the family," I found a surprising discovery for parents: it turns out that the pedagogy of Judaism is built on teaching children from the very conception, and learning to read begins with birth itself - by reading the texts of the Torah on Saturdays ... In addition, it is argued that the observance of all the commandments of the Torah is equated to the observance of one and only one: proper education baby! :) Well, the author of the blog article set out to break all these millennial achievements of parents and scientists, lower everyone to an antediluvian level and make Montessori not just a vinaigrette, but much worse ... :(Here is an example of a destructive, uncontrolled rampage of the right hemisphere ... It would be necessary to sign up for some courses - at least to "Clever Girl", for example ...
For some reason, the author of the article hides the names of the Russian authors of early development methods and does not say anything about their results ... The exception was the mention
Zaitsev's methodology, which is no more than 3% of everything necessary for early development.
Well, Maria Montessori was generally against early development! Many proofs of this fact can be cited.
Here, at this teleconference, Montessori's words are quoted: "A child under 3 years old does not lend itself to any pedagogical influence," which can be found in almost all of her books (collections of works). It is known that in the rules of all centers - "Children's Homes" according to the Montessori method, it was stated: "Children only older than 3 years old are accepted." If this rule is violated, then this is a pirate or fraudulent "Montessori center" ... -
These centers do not offer any time gain in getting children's education, which means it is a waste of money and time. :(
So Maria Montessori has nothing to do with the early development of children.
The author of the article is simply "not quite in the subject", or, apparently, bows to "Western methods" ... Instead, he should have exposed those plagiarists who steal early development methods from Russians, for example, from B.P. Nikitin and attribute them to foreign authors, in particular - Maria Montessori, who was against the early development of children ...
Since 2002, Tyulenev’s methods and recommendations from the books “Reading before walking” (1996), “Counting before walking” (1998) have been alienated from Russia shamelessly since 2002, cards, kits are modified without understanding the essence of the methods, renamed into "education from the cradle" and are attributed to ... Doman, that is, they are sent in favor of the United States, which are waging a sanctions and financial war against the Russian Federation, did not return Alaska, staged a color revolution - "perestroika", organized a color revolution a hundred years ago, etc. .d. and so on. :(
As for Doman, he does not have a methodology, but laughter: showing hundreds, thousands of cards with dots drawn on them - this is called teaching mathematics (!), showing a baby hundreds and thousands of cards with words written on them ...
I know many parents who first made and filled up entire racks and mezzanines with these "Doman cards", and then abandoned it, exhausted to practice 14 times a day for years and failed to get any comparable results with domestic ones :(
At the same time, Doman writes about the results of his "method" of early development: "True reading by a child begins at 3.5 years old", while in Russia children begin to read before 1 year old, and type - in a little over a year on a typewriter and computer since 1988 - 1991 ...
Now the American Doman is promoted by Manichenko from Chelyabinsk. Tons converts high-quality domestic wood into Doman-Manichenko waste paper. Foreigner, right?
At the same time, the Internet is full of videos and this conference has become
