Assessment of the level of mental development of the child. Infant mental development

Development Calendar: First month

Your baby, just brought from the hospital and lying on the changing table, carefully packed in a million frilly diapers and tied with a blue or pink ribbon, this month will make a real breakthrough, similar to what runners do at the start. It will grow by 2-3 cm and add about 600 grams, smile at you with the first cute toothless smile. And this month you will turn into wise parents.

Indicators of neuropsychic and physical development:

short-term fixation of the gaze on a shiny/bright object
first smile
shuddering and blinking at a sharp sound
successful attempts to hold the head while lying on the tummy. Problems you may face in your baby's first month

Newborn acne

From William and Martha Sears, Your Baby: From Birth to Two Years: “Somewhere in the 3rd or 4th week, be prepared for the skin on the baby’s face to deteriorate. As happens in teenagers, a red oily rash will cover almost the entire face, and the previously soft smooth cheeks will become rough, like sandpaper. These phenomena soon pass (experienced and observant parents plan to take pictures and baptize children before or after the acne period). Acne in newborns reaches its maximum manifestation somewhere in the 3rd week and disappears in a month and a half.

There is a situation where high levels of hormones can cause the sebaceous glands to overproduce an oily substance called sebum, especially on the face and scalp. blockage sebaceous glands leads to inflammation and the formation of nodules. Parents call them baby eels. The medical name for this phenomenon is seborrheic eczema.

Acne in newborns often worries parents more than children. Cut your child's nails so he doesn't scratch his face. Gentle washing with baby soap and water removes excess and irritating grease. If acne becomes infected (redness around the nodules or leakage of a honey-like fluid), your doctor may prescribe a special ointment. In most cases, newborn acne will completely disappear without additional skin care. If the acne appeared early (in the 2nd week) and / or spread quickly, capturing the scalp, neck and even shoulders, this may indicate an incipient allergy to the formula you feed the baby with or to your milk.

Intestinal colic

Episodes acute pain in the abdomen are most common in children of the first year of life. For the first time, colic appears at 3-4 weeks of a child's life. The most characteristic time of day for colic is the evening hours. In children aged about 1 month, intestinal colic is repeated 1-2 times a week and lasts up to half an hour. Then they appear much more often and can last 3-5 hours. After the discharge of gases, the pain in the abdomen, as a rule, subsides, but sometimes colic resumes after a fairly short period of time.

Experts consider several reasons for the occurrence intestinal colic in children. Among these reasons:

immaturity of the processes of nervous regulation of intestinal activity;
improper preparation of infant formula;
too active sucking with swallowing of air;
bowel reaction baby on foods consumed by the mother
etc.
It is noted that intestinal colic is more common in first-born children. In addition, a relationship was noted between the anxious and suspicious mood of the mother and the incidence of intestinal colic in children. There is a theory that colic may be due to hormonal imbalance in the mother's body. The main recipe for getting rid of colic is patience.

To alleviate the condition of the baby, you can:

by applying heat to a swollen tummy (a heating pad or a diaper ironed with an iron);
having bathed in a warm bath with soothing herbs;
having done a massage of the abdomen (with the edge of the palm around the navel clockwise) or gymnastics (we sharply press the bent or straight legs to the tummy ... usually this is followed by a cannonade);
giving the baby a breast is also a good way to soothe a baby with a sore tummy, breast sucking reflexively relaxes the sphincters;
there are special medicines from bloating - "Sub-simplex" or "Espumizan".

The main thing that a child needs in the first months after birth is the constant presence of his mother. Physical contact is incredibly important, because for nine months your baby was one with his mother's body. Psychologists say that with any discomfort (cold, heat, hunger, loneliness), a child under three months old feels panic. He does not have a sense of time, so he does not agree to "be patient for a minute" while his mother does the housework. If you constantly carry an awake baby in your arms, feed on demand, kiss him often, react to “every peep” and surround him with psychological comfort, you are growing a strong and independent personality!!!

The average increase for the first month is 600 grams, but according to WHO recommendations, any more than 400 grams will be considered normal. If your baby is breastfeeding on demand, be prepared for the fact that the first months of the increase will be significantly more than average.

The motto of this month and all subsequent life - there are no "average" children!!! Your girl or boy is unique and inimitable!

Development calendar: Second month

Great time with mom! The little man looks, absorbs, listens, learns. Irreplaceable thing for mom and baby can be a sling (patchwork holder). With a baby in a sling, a mother can take long walks, go grocery shopping, cook food and tidy up the apartment.

School of Development
Talk to the child. They are especially susceptible in a state of calm concentration, when they are not hungry, not tired, and nothing bothers them. The intonation is gentle, the speech is quiet, unhurried. It is good if your baby will talk not only with you and dad, but also with grandparents, aunts, uncles, sisters and brothers. The more voices a child hears and recognizes, the more likely he is to develop good hearing and timely formation of speech skills. Children who “communicate” with a large number of relatives and acquaintances develop intellectually faster than those who are in a certain isolation.

From the book "Your Baby: From Birth to Two Years" by William and Martha Sears: Secrets of Talking to Your Child. Look at the listener. Starting to talk with the child, try to catch his eye and keep the attention of the baby, looking into his eyes. So you will feel the response more quickly. Address the child by name. In the first months, the baby may not associate given name with himself, but the more often he hears it, the faster this associative connection will be established - always these sounds first, and only then others, more diverse. As a result, the child, just like an adult, will learn to turn his head when he hears his name.

Try to keep it simple. Do not use the pronouns "I" and "me" - they do not make any sense to the child. When talking to him about yourself, use the words "mom" and "dad".

Accompany speech with gestures. Say, "Wave your pen to your cat 'bye bye!'" and make this gesture while facing the cat. Babies remember words better if they are accompanied by gestures. Put the main word at the end of the phrase and emphasize it by stretching the vowel sounds. Pay attention to what sounds he likes best, and gradually add new ones. Children can easily get bored if the set of sounds does not change.

Ask questions. A conversation in the form of questions naturally implies an answer to a question, and therefore a dialogue.

Explain your actions. When you change or bathe a child, tell him what you are doing - approximately the same as commentators do sports competitions: "Now dad will take off the diaper ... and now we will put another one on ... " Do not think that from the outside it may look strange - remember that you are not talking to a stone wall. At little man always “ears on top”, he perceives every sound you make and stores it in the inexhaustible depths of his memory.

Watch how the signals start and stop. From time to time, the child gives you some kind of sign, attracting your attention. He can smile, look into your eyes, stretch out his hands to you, as if saying: “I like it, come on, talk.” But do not forget about the signs that show a lack of attention: looking into space, the baby does not look at you or turns his head to the side. It means, “Enough, let’s do something else.”

Give your child the opportunity to respond to you. When asking your child a question, give him time to “answer”. After all, you do the same when talking to other people. Pause often, and the baby will have the opportunity to grunt or make some other response sound. Toddlers try to somehow respond to the speech addressed to them.

Sing! Even if the bear not only stepped on your hearing aid, but also pretty much trampled on it. Yes, perhaps after a while your bunny will say: “Mommy, please don’t sing! My ears hurt” (actually, this only happened to me when I was a child for two and a half years… Although my abilities in terms of singing are minimal :)), but so far your voice is the best that your lal can hear. Connect dads, kids get used to their voices while still in their mother's tummy, so encourage them to give up unnecessary embarrassment and promise not to tell anyone: D! Our dad's masterpiece performance of such immortal works as "Mom, Mom, what am I going to do ..." and "There, beyond the river ..." is still at the top of Marika's charts.

Development indicators for the second month:
The average weight gain per month is 800 grams;
Growth increases by 2-3 cm;
Follows a moving toy;
At loud sounds, he is no longer frightened, but listens intently;
Smiles in response to the friendly speech of an adult;
Holds head upright for 1-2 minutes.

Development Calendar: Third month

This month is the last of the "problem". Most likely, along with its end, colic will also end. The baby is more and more awake, may not sleep until two hours. You are a parent with a great experience, which is difficult to put to a standstill. You know your baby well and know when he wants to sleep, when to eat and when to have fun. Now your long monologues become full-fledged dialogues, Lyal not only listens to voices and sounds, but also responds with cooing. Cooing (the first pre-speech vowel sounds) the child makes in a calmly concentrated state. In response to an emotional conversation of an adult, a revitalization complex appears (lyal with a joyfully surprised face clasps his hands and quickly “runs” with his legs). He loves when you communicate with him, especially when you fool around. He will be overjoyed if you shake your head, clap your hands, or stick your tongue out at him. And he will obviously be unhappy if he is left alone.

If somewhere nearby, out of the baby's field of vision, a rattle rings, your baby's face will be filled with seriousness :). This is the face of a Nobel laureate who, at least, solves the problem of global warming or comes up with a cure for all diseases at once. Physically, your child is no longer some weak newborn baby. By the end of the month, he already holds his head well, lying on his stomach raises his shoulders. Pushes with legs in the back of the bed or mother's palms.

From the book "Your Baby: From Birth to Two Years" by William and Martha Sears. “3 months, entertaining pens.

More recently, you have been playing with little hands, unclenching tightly clenched fingers and running the baby's palms over your cheeks. Now he has learned to play with his own hands. This is the most remarkable feature of the 3rd month of development. The previously clenched fists are unclenched and the fingers remain half-open.

During this period, babies try to reach out with their hands to the most familiar and easily accessible toys and, more importantly, to themselves. Watch the baby play with his own hands. He can grab one pen with another and sometimes hold the entire fist in his palm, and sometimes 1-2 fingers. Of course, these curious little hands find their way to the mouth; thumb sucking is a favorite activity at this age.

Reach out and grab. Watches, hair, clothes - everything becomes a desirable goal for these little hands. A kid at this age loves to cling to his hair, grab his glasses, his father's tie, and most of all, his mother's blouse when she takes him in her arms. These first grasping movements are very strong and far from affectionate. If your hair is in a child's fist, it is not so easy to get it out.

These movements are not yet very definite. When a baby tries to reach out and grab a suspended toy, he often misses the mark. The movements of his hands are still shortened, similar to the sharp blows of a boxer or a karateka. But in a month things will get better, the blows will hit right on target.

intellectual development
Begins to recognize and distinguish family members;
Smiles a lot;
Gulit in response to sounds;
Reacts to the presence of parents, trying to get attention;
Visually searches for the source of sound by turning the neck and head;
Studying the movements of his own hands;
Coordinates feelings: looks for the source of the sound, sucks at the sight of the breast, distinguishes speech from other sounds.
Constantly flowing drool can cause a rash on the chin, which disappears if it is smeared with bepanthen.

Average gains per month: height 2-3 cm, weight - 800 grams.

Development Calendar: Fourth month

The rate of growth and weight gain is slightly reduced: now it is 2.5 cm and 750 grams. Colic is forgotten, like a bad dream, and a small person begins to move by leaps and bounds towards "adulthood".

Can roll over from back to stomach or from stomach to back;
Holds head well for a short time
Turns it in all directions when sitting or lying down;
Can make swimming movements and move around in the crib, pushing with legs;
Focuses on objects, grabs a rattle and puts it in her mouth;
Looks at the place where the object fell from
Can arbitrarily hold the toy, shake and move it.

Laughs when spoken to;
Cries if play is interrupted;
Interested in his reflection in the mirror, smiles at him;
Vocalizes to start a "talk";
Laughs when tickled;
Calms down when he hears music;
Actively plays for one to two hours;
He enjoys pronouncing new sounds and imitating different intonations.
The introduction of complementary foods
Many pediatricians believe that at the age of over 4 months, the child is ready to introduce complementary foods. Your child's readiness to complementary foods can only be judged by the presence of a combination of factors:

Age at least 4 months (for babies who were born ahead of schedule, based on gestational age);
The baby has doubled its birth weight. For premature babies- coefficient x2.5.
The child's expulsion reflex of the tongue is gone. If you give the baby a drink from a spoon, then its contents will not be on the chin (and we give complementary foods EXCLUSIVELY from a spoon so that it undergoes saliva treatment).
The child can sit. May lean towards the spoon or lean back, refusing to eat. Knows how to control the turn of the head - can turn away in case of refusal. Or tilt your head.
If the baby is artificial, then he eats more than a liter of the mixture per day, and does not eat up. If she is breastfeeding, then at each feeding she eats both breasts and really wants more.
The child can hold something in his fist and put it purposefully into his mouth.
And most importantly, children show a HUGE interest in the food of their parents and are eager to try it. Nature itself lets you know when the child's body is already able to accept food other than adapted food (mixture or mother's milk).

Development Calendar: Fifth month

Most likely, your toddler already knows how to roll over well from back to stomach and vice versa and takes a sitting position with the help of an adult. By the end of this month, he will weigh about twice his birth weight. He watches his hands and tries to grab everything that catches his eye. The child already knows how to shift an object from one hand to another and take it with both hands. He puts everything in his mouth and chews.

Your baby is increasingly connecting vowels and consonants. “Yes” is usually the most favorite combination.

Physical development this month:
When sitting with support, he holds his head well and holds it straight;
Can do a “swallow” while lying on his stomach: stretches his arms and legs, raises his head and bends;
Flips over;
Sucking on toes;
Confidently grabs an object, plays with a rattle placed in his hand;
She knows how to hold a bottle with one or two hands, or hold her mother’s tit with her paw, apparently so that she doesn’t run away :).
Intellectual development of this month:
Smiles and "talks" to get attention and communicate;
Protests and resists someone who tries to take away a toy from him;
Knows parents and close relatives, may be wary of strangers;
Imitates facial expressions, pronounces vowels and some consonants (d, b, l, m);
Looks around in an unfamiliar environment, wants to touch everything, hold it, turn it around, shake it and put it in your mouth!
Leaning down to look at the fallen object;
Consciously imitates sounds and movements.
Such a completely conscious person has grown up!

The average increase is 700 grams, grows by a couple of centimeters.

Development Calendar: Sixth month

This is the month of a thousand achievements :). The kid is not content with simple sounds, he can squeak, growl, grunt, purr, spit, smack his lips and click his tongue. He also grimaces a lot and gesticulates - he builds hilarious pugs.

This month, you may notice how your baby pulls and pushes, developing the muscles of the arms and legs. Perhaps he has already begun to crawl on his stomach; maybe start a little later. The baby is trying harder and harder to reach interesting items that attracted his attention, so he is eager to do everything at the same time: get up, sit down and crawl! From the time the child begins to stand up on the support, the likelihood of an accident increases dramatically. Do not leave a mobile six-month-old baby on sofas or beds unattended for a second. Only on the floor!

From the book "Your Baby: From Birth to Two Years" by William and Martha Sears. Development fine motor skills. Development of the "tweezer" grip. This period is characterized by two very interesting skills that develop simultaneously, complementing each other. Turning the child's interest to small objects contributes to the evolution of the grasping skill: the child learns to take objects with the thumb and forefinger, the so-called "tweezer" grip occurs.

Put a few small rounded objects in a pile in the way of the baby. First, he tries to rake them up, spreading his fives, then to grab and hold them between his palm and fingers. Of course, many of them fall out of hand. Mastering the "tweezer" grip, the child first begins to touch any object with one index finger, while the rest are clenched into a fist. Soon the thumb will join the index finger, then the baby will be able to hold the object of interest to them. The more this skill is improved, the less often the child grabs objects by raking them, and more often he uses a more perfect "tweezer" grip.

Not only to take, but also to drop. In developing skills, it is important for a child not only to learn how to take something, but also to let go of the object. Toddlers really like to open their hands and let the toy fall to the floor. Connected with this "achievement" is one of the most beloved games of this age: "I drop, you pick up." Very soon, the baby will realize that the fall of objects on the floor causes a certain reaction in you - you pick up the fallen toy. Thus he learns to link cause and effect.

From hand to hand. Having learned to release objects from his hands, the child proceeds to mastering a new skill - moving them from one hand to another. Give him the ring and see what he does. First, he will begin to stretch the toy, as if playing the game "who will pull whom." If one hand comes off the ring, it will remain in the other, and the baby will begin to look with interest from hand to hand, and then shift the toy in the same way, first by accident, then intentionally. With the development of this skill, the child's playing capabilities expand significantly. Now he can sit and practice on his own for 10-20 minutes, shifting the toy from one hand to the other.”

Your child is already babbling with might and main, pronouncing a variety of consonants. By the end of the month, he will be able to respond to the names of objects by turning his head in their direction. The baby understands speech by its intonation and reacts differently to an angry, friendly or encouraging tone. He also learns to express various feelings. In the blink of an eye, your baby can get angry if something doesn’t go her way, and just as quickly calm down at the sight of an interesting toy.

At this age, the child is constantly studying his mother's and father's faces with different parties. He tries to touch him at the first opportunity. So he gets to know you better and is convinced that you are a separate person from him. Games such as "kuku!" (super-intelligent hide-and-seek behind the diaper or under the covers) give your baby a sense of confidence that loved ones will not leave him, because you disappear and appear almost immediately.

Food is of increasing interest to the baby, since he can already eat something on his own. A non-allergic baby, in addition to the main dishes of complementary foods, can be given a bite to dry or a bagel. tries to crawl on his stomach, freely turns his head to any sound or movement (no one will rush, no one will pass!), turns and leans in any direction, can sit with support for a short time, is interested in and likes to play with food, the first teeth may appear, takes food with lips from a spoon during feeding.

Intellectual development: vocalizes to express pleasure and displeasure: purrs, whimpers when complaining; hums, roars and laughs. It makes a million different interesting sounds, is afraid of strangers, cooing or stops crying when it hears music, responds to its name.

Lyal is already a real person, whose mood and emotions can change dramatically. He studies objects for a long time and carefully, examining and feeling them.

The weight gain per month will be approximately 650 grams, and the baby will grow 2 cm in length.

Development Calendar: Seventh Month

By the end of this month, your child will most likely be sitting up without support and possibly even sitting up on their own. Soon he will be better at balance and will begin to combine sitting with other activities such as playing.

Perhaps your child is already crawling on his stomach or on all fours. At first, he can move backwards, but he will soon learn to crawl forward, achieving interesting goals. Some children develop their own own ways movement before, after or instead of crawling, and some do not crawl at all, but immediately begin to walk.

When a child has learned to move independently, he wants to explore what is outside the room, but he is afraid to leave you. However, one day he will overcome his doubts and get out into another room, but will immediately return to make sure that you are there.

Your child repeats what they see with their hands. Over the next two months, he will most likely give preference to the right or left hand. Be sure to stimulate the “lagging” hand - put interesting toys into it, start with it finger games, because it will help the baby to develop harmoniously. In the meantime, Lyalik still grabs everything it can reach, shifts objects from hand to hand, shakes them, rattles, knocks, rolls, squeezes, tears, pulls on itself and throws everything in a row.

Your baby can express pleasure with a variety of sounds from hoots to soft purrs. He often tries to imitate the sounds of adults and begins to understand your emotional mood by the tone of your voice.

An incredible intellectual leap: the little man has already learned that objects exist even if he cannot see them. He looks for the fallen object and recognizes his toys. Soon he will realize that if he cannot reach the toy, he can reach the blanket on which she lies and, pulling it towards him, get to the desired toy.

Your baby may be teething for the first time this month. As a rule, this is the front lower tooth. Profuse salivation and sucking lower lip — usual signs teething. Of course, the teeth can cause a slight fever and diarrhea, but you should not blame everything on the teeth, because this can be a real disease.

You are still the most important person in your baby's life. Until now, when a child said the words "mom" or "dad", he most likely did it unconsciously. But in a few weeks, he will understand that mom is only one, the most beloved person.

Physical development of the child of this month:
Swinging back and forth, standing on all fours or crawling;
Can move on his back, raising and lowering his ass, stands on a kind of half-bridge;
Holds an object in each hand and likes to beat each other with them
Likes to explore his body with his hands and mouth;
Picks up objects with fingers.
Intellectual development:
Teases, imitates understands when fooling around with him;
Strokes his reflection in the mirror;
Better concentrates attention, shows interest in details;
Understands that an object does not disappear if he does not see it;
Imitates various sounds. As a rule, he makes sounds like "ma, mu, yes, di ...".
Can take a picture of a child for himself and make the appropriate sounds.
Knows who the mother is and that there is only one mother.
Recognizes his name.

From the book "Your Baby: From Birth to Two Years" by William and Martha Sears. "Fear of strangers. This "illness" usually occurs between the 6th and 12th months. More recently, the baby willingly passed from hand to hand, and suddenly this “sociable butterfly” turned into a “distrustful caterpillar”. Now the child recognizes only your hands and may repel even close relatives, whom he recently willingly recognized. This behavior is normal, this distrust will quickly pass, so do not make any changes in your parenting style, and also do not assume that the child is unhealthy. Even the most healthy and sociable children can go through this period of fear of strangers.

The child, as it were, measures the world by your standards and evaluates other people according to your reaction to them. The behavior of your baby largely depends on how you behave. To overcome the isolation of the child, you need to encourage him to social openness. Here's how we recommend doing it.

Communication needs to be taught. Greet the person approaching you with a smile and start a lively conversation while maintaining a certain distance. Give your child time and opportunity to look at the stranger and read the happy expression on your face. Based on your reaction, the baby will form his own idea of this person. If the stranger is pleasant for you, he will be good for the child. Then take the communication initiative into your own hands. Make an introductory remark: "Look at Aunt Nancy, she's so cute." However, Aunt Nancy is better off not approaching you. Begin to gradually reduce the distance yourself.

When you are close enough, take the baby's hand and stroke Aunt Nancy's face with it. All this time, do not forget to follow the child's facial expression and body language in order to understand in time when to approach and when to wait. Explain your strategy to Aunt Nancy so that she doesn't lash out at the baby in rapturous delight. The same detailed explanation (how important the right approach to the child during this period) should be given to grandparents in a timely manner. This will allow them to maintain family feelings, and you will avoid a long lecture about how you spoiled your own child. This approach helps the child and in communicating with the doctor.

How to deal with more complex cases. If your baby is very afraid of strangers, do preparatory stage to a meeting with them longer and more skillful. Warn your friends about the peculiarities of your child’s behavior, and remember that this is an element of the normal development of children and do not try, smoothing out the first unpleasant impression, to shield the baby (“In fact, he is very good boy"). Agree that your guest first, when coming to you, pays attention to one of your child's favorite toys, for example, a rattle. Carry this toy with you and pull it out when you meet, then the baby will be delighted with it, and at the same time with the approaching person.

If the baby continues to keep aloof and still wraps itself around you like ivy, put him on your lap and talk to the visitor without involving the child in the conversation and giving him the opportunity to get used to sitting in his usual place.

Gain - 600 grams, height - plus two centimeters.

Development Calendar: Eighth month

Your toddler is getting more and more curious. He wants to find out about everything himself, to explore this world on his own, while not realizing that his actions can harm him. Therefore, he travels around the house with carefree nonchalance and climbs wherever he can get.

Your baby has probably already perfected his movement technique and feels quite free. Since his muscles have become much stronger in the process of crawling, he will make frequent attempts to stand up.

The kitchen is without a doubt the most favorite place for games of children of all times and peoples. Be sure to check which shelves and cabinets your treasure can reach, and keep only unbreakable, safe items there. Think about how you can lock those cabinets and drawers where you should not climb. Children love to throw trash out of the bucket and carry it around the house, so it's best to put the bucket away from the child. At one time, we had a trash can on the kitchen table. Unaesthetic, but safe. Removed to such a remote place after Marik fished a tea bag out of the trash and devoured it incredibly quickly. Be sure to warn your baby when you open and close doors: many children love to hide behind them, because it's so much fun!

Your baby is already good with his fingers and can pick up small objects with his thumb and forefinger. He can also point to what he wants and follow with his eyes where you are pointing. His eyesight and powers of observation are so developed that he can tell which thing has just appeared in his room. It is difficult to predict how your child will eat this month. His eating habits and cravings can change every week. When children are teething, many lose interest in food. Just follow your baby's wishes, don't force feed him. It may very well be that your baby will be content with breast or formula during the entire teething period.

Language development begins long before your baby utters the first word. Keep talking to him, even if your conversation is more like a monologue. You will notice that he repeats the movements of his lips after you, trying to repeat what he heard.

Physical development of the child this month:
Can play with an object and watch another at the same time;
Points to an object and follows with his eyes where others are pointing;
Crawls with a toy in hand;
Gets up at the support, may not hold on if he is standing, leaning on something;
Claps his hands and waves his hands;
Everything tastes.
Intellectual development:

Repels an uninteresting object;
Attached to parents, does not like strangers;
Stroking or kissing his reflection in the mirror;
Dislikes restrictions;
Remembers recent events
May begin to consciously say "mom" and "dad".

Development Calendar: Ninth month

Depending on what your little one has already achieved, he may take a short break from his progress this month. He needs time to consolidate and work out the skills he already has.

Chances are, your child can sit up on their own by now. He is awake for several hours in a row (most often, children at this age switch to a two-time daytime sleep), having fun crawling and exploring the world around them. Many little ones by this time are already starting to walk at the support. As a rule, the journey begins along the sofa or around coffee table and soon reaches a global scale, when the baby, holding on to the walls and furniture, can go around the entire apartment.

The growing curiosity and mobility of the baby make parents seriously think about his safety. At this age, children develop a passion for climbing. Getting up is easy enough, but going down is much more difficult and can end sadly, so you definitely need to teach the little one to get down from sofa beds, etc. backwards. By 10 months, Marik already clearly responded to the command “boot!” and climbed off the furniture with his back, instead of flying from the sofa with his beak down.

Your sun is a real intellectual giant, he begins to understand the relationship between objects, he can put a smaller object into a larger one, perhaps even build a tower of two. He also begins to vaguely guess that things and people exist separately when he cannot see them. The kid has already understood that when you leave the room, you do not disappear, but he simply does not see you, but nevertheless, he wants you to be with him.

If your baby often repeats some syllables, it is likely that these are his first attempts to speak. For example, "ba" can mean a bottle ... or a can ... or something else that is needed in the household. Perhaps in two or three months the child will utter his first real words, or perhaps he will not begin to speak until 18 months or 2 years. Despite the fact that your baby does not speak yet, he already understands everything perfectly. Passive lexicon a baby at 9 months is just huge.

Physical development of the child of this month:
Claps hands and knocks objects;
Picks up and plays with two objects at the same time;
Takes small objects with fingers, and large objects with two hands;
Gets up and stands at the support, can turn around in the "crawl";
Climbs up furniture.
Intellectual development:
Likes to play next to his parents;
Consciously chooses a toy;
Reacts to the behavior of other children, may cry if they cry, may even defend himself and his toys;
Assesses the mood of people, he may not approach an angry and tired dad;
Himself starts the game;
Simulates many sounds;
A real artist who works for the public, repeating the action if he is praised;
Finds a toy hidden in front of him;
He gets bored with the same game;
Can remember what game he played yesterday;
Fulfills simple requests;
Learns what vertical space is and is afraid of heights.

Development Calendar: Tenth month

By this age, almost all children are already crawling, many can stand at a support, some walk along furniture, some can already take one or two steps on their own, and only a very few can already walk. Your baby is already perfectly sitting, turning while sitting, bending over, changing position, lying down from a sitting position. The excitement of learning new skills prevents many children from sleeping, even in their sleep they continue to crawl, sit down and even get up in their crib.

Most likely, the child loves to look at pictures in books and listen to you read to him, although he does not understand everything. When asked to show something, he "pokes" at some objects.

Physical development:
Can stand at the support;
Walks holding onto a support or the hands of parents with both hands;
Can climb and dismount from a low sofa and sit down from a standing position;
Dances to the music: sways, spins, stomps, “sings along”;
Can take two or three small items in one hand, the main thing is to fit.
Becomes clearly right-handed or left-handed.
Intelligence:
Loves to play with water;
Recognizes himself as a person;
Seeks approval from an adult, as well as the attention and cooperation of mom and dad;
May feel uncomfortable in unfamiliar places.
The baby likes to imitate the actions of others: he chews toothbrush rubs himself with soap, regardless of his gender"shaves" or "paints lips";
Understands and fulfills some requests;
Opens crates and examines their contents.

Development Calendar: Eleventh month

Learning to walk!!!

From the book "Your Baby: From Birth to Two Years" by William and Martha Sears. “The child begins to walk - sooner or later? About half of children usually begin to walk by the age of one, but there may be perfectly normal, albeit significant, deviations from this period.

The usual period is from 9 to 16 months. Walking depends on three interrelated factors: muscular strength, balance and temperament. The latter most affects the age at which the child begins to walk. Children with a calm temperament often take their time and act more cautiously. Because on initial stage crawling is more fast way than walking, they improve in it and rush across the floor like rockets. Toddlers who start walking late seem to be more interested in looking at and learning different objects than learning new motor skills. They go through this stage of development at their own pace, one might say, weighing each step they take. But when they start walking, they immediately hold on quite confidently.

Others start walking early - these are very impulsive, mobile children, overcoming each milestone of development so rapidly that parents do not have time to grab a camera. While it's hard to guess who's going to walk early, it's more likely to be a high-demanding child who wants to get off their parents' lap or roll out of their child's seat. The type of physique of the child also significantly affects. Thin babies usually learn to walk earlier. Early walkers tend to be frisky and more at risk of accidents than their more cautious peers.

Parents who embrace the approach style and carry babies a lot sometimes wonder, “Would this make the baby walk later?” No. Our own experience and research by other scientists prove that children who are raised with close parental attachment to the child (for example, when the baby is led for several hours a day on the harness) often master motor skills even faster. In principle, it doesn’t matter at all whether your child or a neighbor’s child will go earlier and who will win this speed contest: the age at which a child begins to walk has nothing to do with the development of his mental capacity or physical data. When and how the baby begins to walk characterizes the uniqueness of his own personality.

Development Calendar: Twelfth Month

Your baby is becoming more and more aware of himself as a person. He already considers himself as an independent person who knows his size, needs, passions. By the beginning of the month, your child already understands almost everything about Everyday life. By the end of the month, his active vocabulary will consist of a few words that occasionally slip through his baby speech. Western pediatricians talk about 2-3 words, Russian "require" 8-10. Chances are your baby is either already walking or will be walking during this important month.

From the book "Your Baby: From Birth to Two Years" by William and Martha Sears. Mastering the world of words. As the child learns wonderful world words, you are more and more convinced that the baby fully understands you, although, perhaps, he does not always follow your instructions. Simple and frequently repeated questions will receive completely understandable answers. "Do you want to handle?" The kid will not say “no” or “yes”, but his body language is absolutely clear to you (of course, except for the case when he himself does not really know what he wants).

At the age of about a year, babies still speak few words, but they understand a lot and have a developed sign language. A child's perception of speech (the ability to understand) is always several months ahead of his ability to express his thoughts. From the fact that the child says very little so far, it is not at all necessary to conclude that he does not understand you well enough. If you roughly double what you think the baby is able to understand now, you will get the approximate level of his language understanding at that moment. Moreover, this approach is true for children of any age.

First words:

Along with a better understanding of your speech, facial expressions and gestures, the baby begins to expand his vocabulary. Although often at this age the child is still mostly rambling, from time to time he will surprise you with interesting intonations in his monologue, thereby letting you know that at least he himself knows what he is talking about, although
you don't understand it. The term "word" means a set of sounds used to refer to some object or action. This is also true if these sounds are not pronounced clearly enough. So, the first words of a baby are still words, although perhaps only parents understand them. Most children at this stage of development speak only a few familiar words (“dad”, “mother”, “kitty”), but are very fond of imitating your speech, as well as coughing, sniffing, sneezing, clattering and clicking your tongue.

The voice of the children by this time becomes much louder than before. Take care of your own ears during this period of screaming and screaming and rejoice that it will end soon - the baby is just interested in how strong the sound is capable of making and how it will resonate in the eardrums. In order not to shock your guests out of habit, try to teach your baby how to speak in a whisper. Such a "mysterious" voice will definitely attract his attention and he will want to try to "speak" the same way.

Phew, it's time to sum up. Your baby is not so small anymore. In a year, he grew by 25 centimeters (one and a half times!) And tripled his weight. Monthly increases are quite small - 350 grams and 1-1.5 cm.

Here is such an adult Lyal! And there are many more achievements ahead, Everests / Jomolungs, which the child will definitely overcome with your help! But first, the first "real" birthday of the child, with the first burning candle in life, decorating birthday cake- this is really a holiday for the baby, and, of course, the parents of a one-year-old baby!

The child is not Blank sheet paper and not a "shapeless piece of plasticine" that just needs to be shaped. The stages of human development are laid down by nature. Knowing the innate expectations of the baby and just communicating with him taking into account these expectations, parents will be able to raise a harmoniously developed, intelligent, inquisitive, creative and healthy person in all respects.

As with physical development, you just need to create conditions that support the development of intelligence and creativity, and the child will do the rest. This has been tested many times in practice and corresponds to theoretical ideas about the formation of a person. Parents who raised a child prodigy end up with an intelligent, but emotionally dysfunctional, psychological problems teenager.

As life shows, all famous, gifted creative personalities were formed in an atmosphere of freedom and supportive conditions. Observing the basic rules for caring for a baby, the mother provides just such conditions. By placing the child on long time in a crib, stroller or playpen, forbidding him to get acquainted with the objects that surround him in the house, the mother creates an information-poor environment around the baby and hinders his intellectual development.

Of course, a mother can place a baby in such an environment poor in cognitive stimuli and at the same time specifically engage in the intellectual development of the child. But, firstly, this will have a negative impact on the relationship in the mother-baby dyad and on education. Secondly, artificial methods of development are always one-sided, schematic and do not take into account the entire creative and cognitive potential of the child.

And we must not forget that being in a wheelchair instead of mother's hands, limiting freedom of movement around the house with beds and playpens hinder harmonious physical development.

Once again, we note that any artificial and excessively active intervention in the bodily or mental growth of the baby will not bring any benefit. At small child there are innate ways to help him assimilate information and develop intellectually in the most optimal way. This is observation of the activities of an adult and imitation of him.

Crawling and manipulating objects that an adult worked with, a child naturally learns the properties and functions of these objects and learns.

Taking an active part in economic activity mother, imitating her, the baby learns huge amounts of information about the world and life in it.

Best of all, a child of the first years perceives information by ear. Mom tells the baby about her actions while at home, comments on what is happening while walking on the street - and the child remembers everything from the first time!

Actions with objects, figurative stories about surrounding the baby environment - this is exactly the form of knowledge that corresponds to the innate expectations of the baby. It is too early to teach a child sign systems (reading and counting) so that he then uses these sign systems to learn the world (reading and counting) - that means not taking into account his psycho-age characteristics.

Operating with sign systems requires well-developed abstract thinking, and this little child simply does not have it. Having learned to read, he, of course, will be able to assimilate information, but he will not do it as completely and easily as if he assimilated it in the process of practical activity, in the game, listening to fairy tales and emotionally living them.

The thinking of a small child is mainly visual, figurative, concrete and emotional thinking. The thinking of a small child is reduced to operating in the mind with specific images colored emotionally.

The child can imagine the sequence already known to him certain actions or your own movements. Can present specific objects and situations. For example, he understands what a particular dog is, "this dog", but he cannot understand what a dog is as a kind of animal. This already requires abstract thinking.

psychologist, teacher of psychology and philosophy, Moscow State University

Especially for information portal Peace in me

Intellectually developed, smart personalities have always been in great price. A person who is characterized by a good store of knowledge in various fields has an advantage over other people, which leads to success in professional activities. It is necessary to distinguish between developed intelligence and erudition. After all, you can know a lot of fascinating information, but not be able to analyze, compare, and think logically. Today, there are many ways to develop intelligence, which can be used from a very early age.

child intelligence

Knowing that the human psyche is the ability to perceive the surrounding world in a certain way and respond to it, it is not difficult to understand what intelligence is. - the quality of the psyche, covering all aspects of human activity: mental, emotional, and physical. It is the ability to adapt to a variety of situations based on one's level of development. In other words, a well-developed intellect is a synonym for harmoniously developed personality, combining the wealth of the inner world with physical development.

Do you know that development intellectual abilities child - an integral part of harmonious development, which includes spiritual and physical education?

Many parents will ask themselves the question: why develop intelligence in a child? The answer is obvious: in order for the child to become able to learn quickly, easily and effectively, successfully use the acquired knowledge, make discoveries in the future, or learn to do what others cannot. Therefore, the development of intelligence should be given attention from early childhood.

Stages of development of intelligence

First of all, the level of intelligence (coefficient mental development, IQ) is manifested in the mental ability of the child. Thinking is directly related to physical activity. Moving, crawling, running, trampling through puddles or playing with sand, the baby learns the reality around him, developing his brain. It is in connection with this that one should not limit the motor activity of the crumbs, allowing him to independently explore the world. Prohibitions and restrictions inhibit the brain activity of the baby.

Younger students will develop intellectually by playing board or computer logic games. Play is a great way to organize learning for anything. Agree, it is much better when the development of intellectual abilities takes place in an unobtrusive environment.

Even more interesting is how to develop teenagers intellectually. School program becomes more difficult year after year, and therefore the first exams can be a real test for students with intellectual difficulties. Adolescence is characterized by changes in the physical and mental spheres, as well as some decrease cognitive interest. This is where parents need to think carefully about how to stimulate the intellectual development of adolescents, not only forcing them to read more.

Factors of intellectual development

"Do you know that breast-feeding baby activates his mental development?

The mental development of a child depends on certain factors:

1. Genetic factors. This refers to the one that the child receives from his parents at birth. These factors greatly influence the level, quality and direction of intellectual development child.

2. Factors that arise during the mother's pregnancy. The way of life of a pregnant woman is reflected in the mental development of the child. For example, mental retardation of an unborn child can be affected by:

malnutrition
maternal iodine deficiency
illness during pregnancy
taking medicines
alcohol, drug use, smoking.

3. Environmental factors. Impairments in the mental activity of babies can occur due to:

malnutrition in children
lack of communication
restrictions on motor and cognitive activity
incomplete family.

4. The factor of a large family. Studies have shown that firstborns are more mentally developed than other children in the family. However, in large families children develop better socially: they easily acquire communication skills and quickly adapt to society.
5. Factor social position families. Children from very poor families do not always please their parents with their school performance.
6. School influence factor. In most general education schools, teachers still consider a good student who is calm, answers questions in the way that is required of him, and does nothing without asking. These characteristics do not correspond to children with high creativity: those that exhibit non-standard approach to problem solving. Only individual and student-centered approaches to education will stimulate the mental development of children in school today.
7. Factor personal qualities child. The development of mental abilities is also influenced by the character and temperament of the child. Thoughtful children are attentive to complex tasks, but they are insecure and afraid of failure. Excitable children are somewhat superficial, but are able to spontaneously display creative impulses.
8. Factor of personal qualities of parents. It is good when parents are intellectually developed, successful, self-confident, love their work: in such conditions, children develop faster. However, this is not the main condition for raising a smart child. The main thing in education is the care of parents and faith in the strength of children.

The intelligence of preschoolers

"This is interesting. The child's brain is formed three years by 80%. Try not to miss this moment for the formation of the intelligence of the baby.

Seeing the toy for the first time, the baby carefully examines it: examines, twists, shakes, tastes, listens to it. Knowing this "exploratory" nature of young children, you need to offer them toys that stimulate their thinking ability:

block constructors
toys that can be taken apart
simple household items with which you can play.

How else can a baby explore the world while developing the brain?

Try not to buy all the toys. Toys can be made with my own hands, transform household items into toys: it will be more interesting to study them.
Involve your child in joint creativity. Make a toy with your child and play with it.
Allow the child to use as a toy various objects that interest him. Naturally, within reasonable limits: they must be safe.

A lot of toys scatter attention. Therefore, it is better to remove extra toys.
Children love multifunctional toys.
Toys from the store usually quickly get bored by the baby.
The child will be more interested in complex toys that can be explored endlessly.

Along with playing with toys, engage in didactic (educational) games with your child, play outdoors in sport games, read and teach your baby to read, start to comprehend the basics with a crumb foreign language, draw and sculpt, develop the child musically. No need to overload the child. Ideally, when classes are held in a playful way, exciting and enjoyable. Only then will the intellect of a preschooler develop naturally and harmoniously.

Watch a video on how you can develop the mental abilities of toddlers

Features of the intellectual development of schoolchildren

Studying becomes the leading activity for younger students. On the basis of this type of activity, children actively develop thinking, related features (analysis, planning, and others), the need for learning and motivation for it. The development of the student's personality depends on how interesting the educational activity is, how successful it is. In progress learning activities children acquire the ability to learn and use theoretical knowledge. refers to the period of intensification of intellectual development. Mental development also stimulates other qualities of the student. Thanks to this, the awareness of the need for educational activity comes, voluntary and intentional memorization is carried out, attention and the ability to concentrate develop, etc. The success of intellectual development at this age depends on the personality and activities of the teacher, his ability to creatively approach teaching children, use modern teaching methods, aimed at stimulating all cognitive processes, consider individual characteristics students.

It is interesting that a mindset is formed in school-age children. Some have an analytical mindset, others have a visual-figurative mindset, while others are characterized by the presence of both figurative and abstract elements. In order to harmoniously develop the minds of schoolchildren, the teacher needs to influence both the logical and the figurative component of the mind, presenting educational material voluminously.

Successful learning is facilitated by the presence of such components of the thinking of schoolchildren:

be able to think: analyze, synthesize, generalize, classify information, formulate judgments and conclusions;
be able to think critically, having several options for solving a problem;
be able to highlight the main thing, see the goal.

To successfully develop thinking at school age, it is best to use the ideas of developmental education. This pedagogical technology suggests that the tasks are problematic, which stimulates the active development of the student's intellect.

Intelligence Diagnostics

Knowing the level of development of the mental development of the child, you can choose the right teaching methods for him. To determine the level of IQ, use special. For babies - bright pictures, considering which and answering questions, the child demonstrates a certain level of his intelligence. Preschoolers can be diagnosed with the help of special tasks and questionnaires.

Psychological tests are used to check the IQ of schoolchildren. They are built in the form of blocks aimed at the study of intelligence in different areas. Focusing on the results, you can find out how he perceives information best.

Ways to develop intelligence

What can improve the mental qualities of a child?

Games that develop the brain. It can be chess or checkers, puzzles, logic, psychological and board games.
Mathematics and exact sciences. Mathematics teaches to structure concepts, to treat everything in order.
Reading. Good fiction book always gives food for thought. Read to your child, teach them to read on their own, discuss what they read.
Education. The learning process is valuable in itself, as it activates the development of all human abilities.
Studying of foreign language.
Knowledge of the new. Read encyclopedias and reference books with your child, watch educational films and programs, go to. Create an environment in which the child will be interested in discovering something new every day. This will expand your horizons and erudition. Let the child be inquisitive.

How to stimulate the intellect?

keep asking your child questions
use the words "Think", "Be careful", "Remember"
walking, relaxing, give the child tasks (observe, count, solve the riddle)
teach your child to finish what they start
discuss with the child the results of his activities, identify shortcomings, think about how to do better.

conclusions

Develop your child harmoniously. Books alone are not enough to make a child smart. Create a whole system of intellectual development of the baby at home. Study together, paying attention to the comprehensive development of mental abilities. Let the classes be boring and beneficial.

We will talk about the norms of the emotional, mental and mental development of the child in the first year of his life. It is very important to recognize possible deviations in the state of health of the baby, to help him catch up with his peers in the development, and also to correct some defects caused by a particular disease (rickets, neurological disorders, respiratory diseases).

By the end of the first month a healthy baby, lying on his stomach, raises and holds his head in a horizontal position. And if you put him with his legs on the table facing you, supporting his chest with both hands and slightly tilting forward, he should take a few steps. It is very funny! Remember to only support his head from behind with the index and middle fingers of both hands. He knows how to fix his gaze, the first smile appears. This is very important indicator states nervous system!

By the end of the second month the baby actively responds with a smile to your smile and speech (talk to him more often, sing songs to him). If you move a bright toy in front of the child’s face in one direction or the other, he will follow it. And at two (sometimes at three) months, the baby, sitting in your arms, already holds his head and focuses his eyes on adults. Since this month, he has been actively seeking to communicate! Now, lying on his stomach, he holds his head, raising his shoulder girdle and leaning on his forearms. In this position, he is a miracle how good. Isn't it true that many albums are decorated with such photos!

At three months the child hums, turns his head to the sound; independently (or with your little help) rolls over from back to side, right and left. If, bringing your face closer to the child lying on his back, you speak affectionately with him, the baby will please you with frisky, active movements of the arms and legs - he seems to laugh with his whole body, rejoices. In these moments, mother and child are united by a wave of happiness and mutual understanding. Such a reaction healthy baby physicians call the complex of revitalization, characterizing the state of the nervous system as very positive.

At four months the child responds with loud laughter to your flirting, and a bright, sounding toy suspended above the crib can be grabbed and dealt with for a long time.

Try to move away from the crib and ring a rattle, call out to him, and the baby will definitely find the direction of the sound source.

At four or five months he distinguishes strangers from loved ones, joyfully expressing the pleasure of communicating with relatives. Lying on his stomach, he rises, leaning on the palms of straightened arms, his field of vision expands, information about the world around him increases.

At five or six months the baby begins to crawl on his stomach. This is a very important skill, since crawling not only strengthens muscles, but also contributes to mental development: it expands the possibilities of familiarization with outside world. encourage this movement. Entice the child with a toy kind word. He tends to roll from his back to his stomach and from his stomach to his back, first with a little help from you, and then on his own; takes the toy that is offered to him. Right now you will hear the beginning of babble. The baby becomes more mobile, tries to sit down.

At five to seven months plays with objects, shifting them from hand to hand; takes toys from a prone and sitting position, crawls well on his stomach, begins to crawl on all fours. He has even more scope for knowing the world and new sensations. The kid develops not only physically, but also mentally, he already pronounces individual syllables: “ma”, “ba”, “yes”. To your question (for example: “Where is Lyalya?”), He finds and shows a toy. Can stand with support under the armpits, fully straightening the legs and leaning on the whole foot.

At seven or eight pleases with a variety of movements with toys for months, engages in them for a long time: swings, shifts, folds; sits up on his own in bed. If you have not abused diapers, the baby develops neatness skills (asking for a potty).

At nine to ten months it is possible and necessary to communicate with him in a more diverse way: he willingly repeats syllables, and sometimes individual words. Talk more with the baby, talk about everything you do, about what he sees. In the same period, the child steps over with his legs, holding on to a fixed support or parental hand, climbs onto a low surface and gets off it.

At nine or eleven months can get up and stand on his own, with support and even on his own.

At eleven or twelve months little by little walks independently; has a stock of simple words. Communication with the baby should be even more diverse.

The timing of the appearance of all these indicators of emotional and psychomotor development healthy children of the first year of life are somewhat conditional - they may appear a little earlier or later (within one to two weeks).

It is very important to be able to identify the state of muscle tone - the degree of muscle tension. In a healthy full-term baby under the age of three months, when trying to take his arms to the sides, bend and unbend them, a slight resistance is felt; up to four months - the same is noted when breeding the legs, bending and unbending them. For this age, this is physiological (normal) muscle tension. An older child freely allows you to do these and other movements - you will no longer feel the same resistance. Normal (physiological) muscle tone- an important indicator of well-being: it determines the timely formation of the required level of psychomotor and physical development in a child.

Premature babies lag behind their peers in development, as a rule, in proportion to body weight at birth: the smaller it was, the greater the lag. So, for example, if a healthy full-term baby holds his head and focuses his eyes on an adult, being in his mother's arms, at two or three months, then premature baby this skill appears at five months, if at birth he weighed 1750 g, at four - up to 2000, at three or four months - up to 2500 g.

A woman came to the sage and asked: “Sage, how can I raise my child so that he grows up wise?” The sage asked: “And when was your child born?” “Yesterday,” the woman replied. “Unfortunately, you were late for 9 months,” the sage was upset.

Old parable.

Modern science has proven that the old parable is absolutely true. It is not for nothing that already at the 13th week of development, the fetus acquires the ability to hear and perceive information from the outside world, “gets acquainted” with it and forms its own attitude towards it.

Intelligence is a very complex formation. Its level is directly dependent on both genetic and environmental factors, i.e. the level of intelligence is influenced by heredity and the environment that surrounds the child. Through numerous studies, it has been proven that people with a large number of common genes have the most similar IQs. It turns out that the higher the intelligence of the parents, the higher it is in the child? It turns out not. A child is born with an intellectual potential, which is due to heredity, this potential can be either increased or reduced, under the influence of the external environment.

From the moment of conception until the age of 3, the child makes 50% of the way in the development of his intellect - this is why it is so important to start child development as soon as possible. The success of the development of mental abilities depends on many factors - the mood and health of the mother during pregnancy, the influence of harmful factors on the mother and fetus, nutrition, the psychological climate surrounding the pregnant woman and the child, and of course, the attention that parents pay to the development of their baby.

Negative on intelligence development the following factors affect:

drinking alcohol during pregnancy;
malnutrition of a woman during pregnancy, lack of amino acids and proteins;
lack of iodine in the body of a pregnant woman;
stress and nervous tension pregnant;
malnutrition of the child, malnutrition;
exposure of the baby to toxic substances such as lead (paints, plasters).

Now it should be said about the development of mental abilities in a newborn. The more the human brain is involved in any activity, the more neural connections are created - connections between neurons. Each new stimulation of the brain contributes to the emergence of new connections, the brain is supplied with oxygen and begins to work better. This process is very similar to muscle training.

A newborn baby is a very special being. At first glance, it may seem that, apart from eating and sleeping, he does nothing else, but this is only at first glance. Intelligence Development infants assessed by sensory development and motor activity. WITH first month life with a child, you need to communicate during periods of his wakefulness, maintain eye contact, talk to him so that he listens to his voice and words. Gymnastics for kids will help to quickly remove muscle hypertonicity. Baby can briefly focus on a stationary object, for example, on the mother's face - this is how binocular vision develops. Your first reward will be your smile. baby!

On second month the child can already respond to sounds, so you need to get toys that make a sound and train this skill by rattling from the right to the left. With a bright ball or toy, leading them in the field of view of the baby, you can develop visual skills. You can put toys in the baby's palms, then carefully remove them. The lesson should not exceed 10-15 minutes in order to Baby not overtired. The baby can already raise his head for a short time.

On third month emotional reactions become more complicated in response to an adult's conversation. A “revitalization complex” appears - while the child moves his arms, legs, lies on his tummy for a long time (2-3 minutes), holds his head more confidently. The tone of the arms and legs is significantly weakened. It is useful to perform the following exercise - take baby armpits and gently touch his legs to a horizontal surface - first he pulls his legs, and then lowers them and rests on the surface. By moving the baby forward, you can achieve movements similar to walking. The child is already able to listen to music, it is necessary to evoke a feeling of joy in him more often - this contributes to motor and speech activity. Above the crib you can hang a bracket with toys at a distance outstretched hand baby He will investigate them. Speech activity manifests itself in the form of cooing.

TO fourth month Baby easily follows the movements of adults, recognizes his mother, looks at the source of the sound, laughs. He can already grab toys himself, examine them. It is useful to lay the child on his stomach and lay out a bright light in front of him. interesting toy- this encourages him to crawl, to reach for her. Toys should be different in color, shape and size so that they arouse interest in baby.

On fifth month the development of visual, auditory concentration, speech perception continues. The kid distinguishes relatives from strangers, recognizes the intonation of speech, begins to pronounce consonant sounds. The child can independently roll over from his back to his stomach, can stand with the support of an adult. It is necessary to talk with the child more often, while not distorting the words, not lisping, but pronouncing them slowly, clearly and correctly. Useful to include baby calm children's music, songs. In order to encourage the child to crawl, you can turn him over on his stomach and let him rest his legs against the hand of an adult - he will push off from it and move forward.

TO sixth month Baby begins to respond to his name, enjoy communication and play with other children, pronounce simple syllables, eat from a spoon. It is useful to call the child by name, moving away at different distances, and also to leave for a while alone with toys. Many children at this age try to sit up, but this is not the case for all babies.

Beginning with seventh month a special role is played by the development of understanding of speech - you need to talk with him, name objects, actions. Baby must be able to crawl, sit down, learn to sit, get up, stand, drink from a cup. It is useful to organize the baby's play in the arena with toys such as a ball, bucket, bowls, etc.

Aged eight months Baby he sits down, lies down, gets up, steps over, holding on to the barrier, can play for a long time himself, watches other children play with interest. He likes to gnaw an apple or a cracker, he can drink from a cup supported by an adult. The child should be encouraged to move as much as possible. Toys become more complex - pictures of animals, dolls, etc. The child must distinguish one toy from another and, at the request of an adult, give him a ball, doll, etc. Accordingly, verbal communication should also become more complicated - animals, actions, objects should be called to the baby. From this age, you need to accustom the child to the potty.

WITH nine months the child's behavior changes significantly - he begins to understand the speech of an adult and he gets the opportunity to influence the behavior of the baby with words. He understands his name, the words relating to the regime - "we will sleep", "we will eat." Besides, Baby tries to repeat words spoken by adults. This is very important for the development of speech - encourage the baby to repeat simple sounds first, then words. By this time, the child gets used to the potty, begins to eat carefully from a spoon, can drink from a cup. Playing with toys becomes more conscious, understanding of the purpose of a particular toy comes; music encourages to dance. baby enjoys interacting with other children. The child can walk with support. In order to develop walking skills, the baby needs space - briefly depriving him of support, you can achieve independent movement from object to object. Thanks to the well-developed imitative reactions of the child, you can begin to teach more complex things, such as creativity, as is done in early development groups. But you can do it at home, on your own. First, you can show him how to handle a pencil, brush, paints, then try to draw separate lines together with the baby - very soon, with your help, the child will be able to paint over the drawn contour, draw a ball, etc.

By the age of one year, the baby reaches significant progress in his development - he can pronounce up to 10 simple words, takes independent steps, sits calmly on the potty, tries to eat independently, using a spoon and drink, holding a cup with both hands. He recognizes adults, knows them by their names, is interested in animals. Baby able to show various emotions - joy, sadness, anger, pity; he begins to understand such instructions from adults as “give”, “bring”, “no”. In Game Baby begins to copy things known to him - teach him to put the dolls to sleep, feed, collect cubes, bring up kindness and care in him, make sure that he is not greedy, give toys to other children. It is very important to encourage the child to walk more on his own, calling him from a distance, to talk more with him, to name objects and actions. You should also leave time for the baby to play independently.

The first year of a baby's life is extremely important, as it lays the prerequisites for the further development of intelligence, and it can be developed by 20% of innate inclinations. Harmonious child development in the first year of life lays in it psychological health. In other words, the more time the parents spent on the baby in the first year of his life, the greater the result will be obtained in the future. Do not spare time for your baby, but do not overload him.

Literature:

Brain 100%. Intellect.Memory. Creative. Intuition. Intensive training for the development of superpowers / O. N. Kinyakina, T. Zakharova, P. Lem et al. - 2nd edition improved. and additional - M., Eksmo, 2008. - 848 p.
How to grow healthy child(brochure)