Interesting facts about the human structure. This is interesting: facts about the uniqueness of the human body

Human Anatomy Facts

Inner frame

Walk around the equator

It is estimated that during the day a person takes up to 30 thousand steps, that is, about 20 kilometers. For every 5.5 years, he imperceptibly makes a path equal to the circumference of the equator.

How much does a human skeleton weigh?

The mass of the human skeleton is about 11 kilograms.

When is a person taller: in the morning or in the evening?

Due to the flattening of the intervertebral cartilages, a person’s height decreases by about 1.5 cm by the evening. A person’s height by the age of 80 decreases by 5–7 cm compared to the age of forty.

How many bones are in the skull?

The human skull is made up of 23 bones. Only two bones of the skull - the mandibular and hyoid - are movable, the rest are firmly connected by sutures.

Stronger than brick and granite

Bone material is 30 times stronger than brick and 2.5 times stronger than granite. Big femur withstands a vertical load of one and a half tons.

It can withstand a load of 350 kilograms

The strongest bond human body- Bertin's ligament, which strengthens the hip joint, can withstand a load of 350 kilograms.

How many muscles in a person?

The amount of muscle a person has is not the same for all people. Within the normal range, it ranges from 400 to 680 muscles. If all these muscles were tensed, they would cause a pressure of approximately 25 tons. A grasshopper has about 900 muscles, and some species of caterpillars even have about 4,000. The total weight of all muscles is 40% of the total body weight in men, and 30% in women.

Which organ loses the most heat?

Coefficient useful action human muscle is 20%. The remaining 80% is spent on heat losses.

Where are the strongest muscles located?

The strongest are those that are located on both sides of the mouth and are responsible for compressing the jaws. They are capable of developing a force of about 70 kilograms.

Who loses energy more: a crying or a daring person?

According to research by French neurologists, crying man 43 muscles of the face are involved, while those of a laugher have only 17. Thus, laughing is more energetically beneficial than crying.

When is the peak time for muscle activity?

It is noted that the most effective muscles work at 13:00. 30 minutes.

Oxygen consuming organ. Who is he?

Up to 60% of oxygen entering the body is consumed by muscles.

Rhythm is your guide

Rhythm - important element work, and everyone should learn from his heart in this regard: if you work rhythmically, then the work will be productive and you will have the strength to work for a long time.

When the biological clock breaks

Frequent violations of the physiological cycle "day-night" can lead to a painful disorder of the internal " biological clock» person.

Breath

How much air can you breathe?

Lung ventilation (the number of breaths multiplied by the volume of air inhaled) in a healthy person reaches 5–9 liters per minute. At rest, a person takes an average of 16 breaths per minute. This is about 23,000 per day. At the same time, about 7,000 liters of air pass through the lungs. The minute volume of a person's breathing (the amount of air passed through the lungs in one minute) is 5-8 liters per minute at rest, and during physical work it can reach more than 100 liters per minute.

Breathe easy

A person at rest consumes 400-500 liters of oxygen per day, making 12-20 breaths and exhalations per minute. The respiratory rate of a horse is 12 breaths per minute, rats - 60, canaries - 108.

Who invigorates us?

Negatively charged ions of air gases are friends of health; they make a person cheerful, efficient.

Biovacuum cleaner

Ciliated epithelium respiratory tract a person takes out of them up to 20–30 g of dust per day.

Circulation

Blood plasma... and ancient seas

The composition of blood plasma resembles the composition of the water of ancient earthly seas, in which life originated.

twice the length of the equator

The total length of blood capillaries in the human body is approximately 100,000 kilometers. This is 2.5 times the length of the earth's equator, and the total internal area is 2,400 m 2 .

A pump that lasts a lifetime

For 60 years of a normal, not very stressful life, the human heart makes more than 2,000,000,000 contractions. The same work would be done by a tractor if it lifted a boulder weighing 65 tons from sea level to a height of 5,500 meters.

When is there more cholesterol?

100 ml of blood of a healthy person contains 20–250 mg of cholesterol in autumn and winter, and only 170–180 mg in summer and spring.

Heart "shirt"

The heart has a shirt - a layer of connective tissue; between the heart and the "shirt" there is a small amount of fluid. The pericardial sac ("heart shirt") protects the working heart muscle.

Flattened red balls

Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, whose total surface is 3,400 m 2 . Every day, about 2,000,000,000 of them die in the body, which is 0.01% of their total number. The total surface area of all erythrocytes is 3,400 m 2 . In each mm3 of blood there are 5,000,000 erythrocytes, and in all five liters contained in the body of an adult, there are 25,000,000,000,000. If you put all these erythrocytes in a row, the resulting chain will stretch for 200,000 kilometers, encircling the globe five times along the equator.

"Sprints" within us

Almost all cells human body have nuclei that control all physiological processes in the cell itself and are involved in the process of cell division. The only exception is erythrocytes. They are born with a nucleus, but already on early stages development, lose it, thereby losing the ability to reproduce. New red blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow from stem cells. Every second, about 2,500,000 red blood cells are formed and about the same number die. In one day, an erythrocyte travels about 15 kilometers in the blood vessels, supplying tissues with oxygen and taking carbon dioxide from them. During the existence of one erythrocyte, on average, it travels a distance of 1,800 kilometers.

They live to die

Blood cells are constantly dying and being replaced by new ones. The life of erythrocytes (red blood cells) lasts 90-125 days, leukocytes (white blood cells) - from several hours to several months, depending on the type of leukocytes. About a billion red blood cells and five billion white blood cells die every hour in an adult's blood. They will be replaced by new blood cells. During the day, 25 grams of blood undergoes complete regeneration.

thinner hair

Blood capillaries are 10 times thinner than hair.

That's the speed!

Within one minute, the heart ejects about 4 liters of blood into the aorta. The speed of movement in the aorta is 0.5 m / s, and through the capillaries, blood flows at a speed of 0.5 mm / s. A complete circulation of blood through both circles of blood circulation is completed in 21-22 seconds.

special blood substance

Each red blood cell contains 265,000,000 hemoglobin molecules. The assembly of its molecule takes only 90 seconds. Every second, 6.5∙1014 hemoglobin molecules are synthesized in the human body. 100 ml of human blood contains 13–16 g of hemoglobin. One gram of hemoglobin can bind up to 1.34 ml of oxygen. At rest, about 4 l / min flows through the human heart, which ensures that the tissues receive about 400 ml of oxygen.

Ah, those "thin tubes"!

The wall thickness of the arteries is 0.8–0.9 mm. The diameter of various human arteries is 0.4–2.5 cm. The average diameter of human capillaries is about 7 microns, which is slightly less than the diameter of an erythrocyte. In the arteries, the volume of blood is on average 950 ml.

"Sugar Queen"

This is what the ancient Tibetan doctors called the liver. She stores nutritional reserves and, if a person is hungry, she turns them into sugar, thereby feeding him. At rest, up to 50% of the blood in a person can be in the "blood depot" - the liver and spleen, from where, if necessary, it is released into the bloodstream. The blood flow in the kidneys is 420 ml / min, in the heart - 84, in the liver - 5.7, in the brain - 53, in the striated muscles - only 2.7 ml / min. The liver consumes 10 times more oxygen than an equal muscle and releases more heat. It is a powerful protective barrier on the way of blood flow from the digestive organs to other organs. The liver breaks down alcohol most efficiently between 6 and 8 pm. 1.5 liters of blood flows through the liver in one minute, and up to 2,000 liters per day.

Women beat more often

The heart of an adult pumps about 10,000 liters of blood per day. normal pulse men at rest is 60-80 beats per minute. A woman's heart beats 6-8 beats faster. heavy exercise stress increases heart rate to 200 beats per minute. The pulse rate of an elephant is 20, that of a bull and a frog is 25, that of a rabbit is 200, that of a mouse is 500.

Digestion

Even the saber is blunt

The tip of a saber blunts when it hits tooth enamel. The hardness of enamel can be compared with quartz.

How many, two or four?

Milk teeth are replaced by permanent ones. The last molar usually erupts by the age of 18–20, and sometimes even later, when a person “acquires wisdom through teaching,” Hippocrates thought so. This tooth he called the wisdom tooth. Half of humanity has only two, not four wisdom teeth.

The naked part of our skeleton

The specific gravity of tooth enamel is 2.9–3.05 g/cm 2 . The dentin of the tooth has specific gravity only 2.2 g/cm 2 . The dentin of an adult tooth contains about 65% mineral salts, 28% organic matter and 8% water. The composition of dental cement includes about 30% organic matter, more than 55% calcium phosphate, about 8% calcium carbonate, as well as calcium and magnesium fluorides.

Can't stand it!

The most painful place in the human body is the teeth. There are usually no more than 200 pain receptors per square centimeter of skin, and from 15,000 to 30,000 receptors per square centimeter of tooth dentin. There are even more of them on the border of enamel and dentin - up to 75,000 receptors.

"Acorn" or "stomach"?

The word "stomach" is derived from the word "acorn" (in the old days, "small acorns were called stomachs"). 1 cm 2 The gastric mucosa contains one hundred gastric glands. They are located closely. Unlike other digestive juices, bile contains almost no enzymes.

"Toothed" enzymes

During the day, a person secretes about 1 liter of saliva, 3 liters of gastric juice, 2 liters of pancreatic juice, 3.5 intestinal juice, 2 one liter of bile. A person produces an average of one liter of saliva per day.

What does the hour of the day mean for the stomach?

Most of the gastric juice is formed at 13 o'clock, even if the person has not eaten anything.

And is it all in us?

The length of the intestine in humans exceeds the length of the body by 3-4 times. The total surface area of the villi of the jejunum is 37 m 2 , duodenal - 1.3 m 2 , iliac - 5.3 m 2 .

Do we still have gases?

In the process of fermentation of food gruel in the right (ascending) section of the large intestine, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are formed, and in the process of putrefaction in the left (descending) section, methane and hydrogen sulfide are formed. All this mixes with the air that enters the intestines in the process of eating along with food. When digesting lunch, about 15 liters of gases are formed.

Here are the villi!

On one cm 2 inner surface of the intestine 3,000–4,000 villi. Each is covered with 3,000 cells, which in turn have 100 suction tubes. Suction surface in the small intestines about 5 m 2 , i.e. three times the body surface.

Short "life"

Every day, about 70,000,000,000 cells of the intestinal epithelium die, each of which lives only 1-2 days.

She needs to breathe, move, think

At rest and on an empty stomach, the human body produces so much energy per day that it would be enough to heat 20 liters of water from 10ºС to boiling. The heat generated by a woodcutter working for eight hours is enough to heat 100 liters of water to a boil.

Who is afraid of intestinal bacteria?

There is a lot of benzoic acid in lingonberries and cranberries. It kills putrefactive bacteria in the intestines.

What are we "made" of?

All from cells

The human body is made up of 100,000 billion cells. For comparison: the body of an elephant consists of 6,500,000 billion cells.

Water, water...

Water makes up 80% of a child's body weight and 70% of an adult's body weight. Human brain cells contain 80%, muscles - 76%, bones - about 25% of water. A sip of water is 20 milliliters of liquid for men, and 14 for a woman. The tissue of the human body that is richest in water is vitreous body eyes, in which it is 99%, and the poorest is tooth enamel. It contains only 0.2%.

Is water really that important?

Loss of moisture in the amount of 6–8% of body weight causes a fainting state in a person, 10% causes hallucinations and a violation of the swallowing reflex. The loss of 12% of the fluid entails cardiac arrest.

Are there gases too?

More than 96% of the mass of the human body is made up of four chemical elements. Oxygen accounts for about 60% of the mass, carbon for about 20%. They are followed by hydrogen - 10% and nitrogen - 4%.

Not only there, but also from there!

A person per day can allocate 0.5–12 liters of sweat, which contains 9899% water, 0.1% urea, urinary, lactic, pyruvic, citric acid, ammonia, creatinine, serine, fats, volatile fatty acids, cholesterol, aromatic hydroxy acids, acetone, mineral salts.

Skin formations

Non-removable "clothes"

Skin is the heaviest organ of the human body. She weighs an average of 2.7 kg. The skin does not pass water, microbes, dirt. Protects us from blows, injections, bites. About 2% of the oxygen consumed by a person enters the body through the skin. A person of average height loses about 800,000 microparticles of skin every hour, and an average of 675 grams per year. By the age of seventy, the total skin loss is a little more than 47 kg, that is, 70% of the average human weight. The human body excretes about 0.5 liters of water per day through the skin. Solids stand out about 10 grams.

Who's to say if we're cold or hot?

The entire skin surface of the human body contains about 250,000 "cold" receptors and only 30,000 "heat" ones. The temperature of the skin is different in different parts of the body. So, in the armpit it is 36.6ºС, then on the stomach - 34ºС, and on the face - 25ºС. Blood and internal organs have a temperature of 37.2–38.5ºС.

Is it better to be clean or dirty?

On one cm 2 Dirty skin contains about 40,000 microbes.

Transmitting "SOS!"

Hidden in our skin are 250,000 nerve endings that respond to cold, 30,000 to heat, and about 1,000,000 to pain.

skin and time

The skin is least sensitive to injections at 9 am and most permeable to cosmetics between 6 and 8 pm.

Space "antennas"

Human hair is 500 times thicker than its walls soap bubble, 5 times thicker than a capillary, 12 times thicker than the walls of the alveoli and 20 times thicker than cobwebs. Hair grows in newborns at a rate of 0.2 mm per day, later - up to 0.3–0.5 mm per day. Eyebrow, eyelash and axillary hair live 3-4 months, head hair - 4-6 years. In a month, hair grows by one centimeter. About 100 hairs die on the head every day. Dead hair may not fall out immediately, so sometimes up to 20% of dead hair accumulates on the head.

Spit - not only girlish beauty

The most long braid one Japanese woman has 3 meters, she grew it for 20 years. Most long hair worn by Swami Pandarasannadi, head of the Indian monastery Tirudathurai. In 1949, the length of his hair was 7 meters 92 centimeters.

And beard and mustache

The longest beard belonged to Hans Langseth - 5 meters 33 centimeters, and the longest mustache was from the Swede Birger Pellas - 2 meters 90 centimeters.

Heritage of primates

The tips of all twenty fingers on our limbs bear dense flat horny formations - nails. Nails are the property of primates. The nail grows due to the epithelium nail bed. Nails protect especially sensitive fingertips. The nail on the hand grows at a rate of a hundredth of a millimeter per day, and on the leg - five hundredths. For a year on the finger, the nail lengthens in total by three centimeters. Most long nail on hand (on thumb left hand) reaches a length of 101.6 centimeters. It belonged to the Indian Sridhar Chillar. The total length of the nails on the finger of his left hand, when measured in March 1990, was 4.40 meters. He hasn't cut his nails since 1952.

Selection

Why are we crying?

Children cry to get attention, to express their emotions: fear, anger or joy. And also to leave the body with tears harmful substances, which are produced from pain and suffering. In addition, when we blink, tears wash over the eyeball, cleaning it of dust and germs. A healthy human body produces approximately 0.5 liters of tear fluid per year. Even the most tough man sheds daily from 1-3 milliliters of tears.

Blood filters

The total length of the renal tubules is 120 kilometers. In both kidneys, a person has about 2,000,000 nephrons. During the day, the kidneys pass through themselves 2,000 liters of blood, and this is a whole tank. An adult excretes 1,200–1,600 ml of urine per day and should be excreted in the urine 15–45 mg oxalic acid.

What are uroliths?

The chemical composition of uroliths - kidney stones - can be different. 40% of uroliths are oxalates (salts of oxalic acid), 27% are phosphates (salts of phosphoric acid), 12–15% are urates (salts of uric acid), 2% are cystine, xanthine and protein stones, and 20–30% are mixed stones.

Vision

Sophisticated optical device

Up to 14 months in newborn girls and up to 16 months in boys, there is a period of complete non-perception of colors. Then comes the perception of red, then green, and even later of blue color. The formation of color perception ends at 7.5 years for girls and by 8 years for boys. The eye is able to distinguish between 130–250 pure colors and 5–10,000,000,000 mixed shades.

After an hour in the dark

After one hour in the dark, the light sensitivity of the eye increases 200 times.

Rods and cones

The human retina contains 125,000,000 rods and 6,500,000 cones, and taken together, they are so sensitive that a person could theoretically see a candle flame at a distance of 200 kilometers.

Hearing, smell, touch

"Hello, I can't hear you!"

The human middle ear contains 2,500 cells that respond to sounds. The upper limit of the frequencies we perceive reaches 16–20 million hertz. As the years go by, the sensitivity of the ear, especially to high-pitched sounds, decreases.

Delicious when +24ºС

There are about 9,000 nerve endings on the surface of the tongue that respond to taste. They function best at 24°C.

Mal, yes daring

The surface of the olfactory zone of the nose is only 5 cm 2 , but it hosts about 1,000,000 nerve endings. The sensation of smell occurs when at least 40 nerve endings are excited.

That's why he's dying!

The coldest part of the human body is the nose. The temperature of its tip usually does not exceed +22ºС.

Nervous system

A gigantic amount and ... one percent

The human nervous system consists of 10,000,000,000 neurons and 70,000,000,000 support cells. Of this gigantic number, only one percent fulfills independent work, that is, it receives signals and controls the work of muscles; the remaining 99% are intermediary cells.

The center of all centers or the main organ of the mind

At three years old, the human brain is already 80% developed. It reaches its highest development by about 20 years. In the future, there is a decrease in its mass. The cerebral cortex makes up approximately 44% of the volume of the brain. The surface of the crust as a whole is 1468–1670 cm 2 .

We are in third place

Man is in third place in terms of brain mass (1,400 g) in wildlife after an elephant (5 kg) and a whale (2.5 kg).

Those are the squares!

The total area of the cerebral cortex in humans is on average 83,591 mm 2 , chimpanzee - 24 353 mm 2, dogs - 6523 mm2, rabbits - 843 mm2, rats - 254 mm2.

Nature is not fair

Starting from the age of thirty in a person, 30,000 to 50,000 nerve cells of the brain die daily.

Water and nerve cell

A nerve cell - a neuron - contains 65–68% water and 32–35% solids, among which 68–70% are proteins. 20–25% are lipids, 2–5% are nucleic acids, and 1–2% are carbohydrates.

With him, the vessels are in good shape

Nitric oxide (II) can be formed in the human body. It provides communication between neurons and maintains vascular tone.

The bigger, the better

The larger the diameter of the nerve fiber, the faster the excitation spreads through it. In warm-blooded animals, the excitation speed is 0.5–120 m / s.

"Nervous" Helpers

No human action can be carried out without the participation nervous system. To transfer the body from a horizontal to a vertical position, the human brain sends hundreds of nerve impulses - signals through the nerves to the muscles.

All for sight

As part of the cranial nerves, 2,600,000 nerve fibers enter the brain, and 140,000 exit. About half of the outgoing fibers carry orders to the muscles of the eyeball, controlling fast and complex eye movements. The remaining nerves control facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, and the activity of internal organs. Of the incoming nerve fibers, 2,000,000 are visual.

Men and women

"Strong Sex"

The male brain weighs 200 g more than the female.
A boy aged 15–24 falls 6 times more often than girls of the same age.
There are 12 times more men than women among outstanding mathematicians.
Deviations from the norm of color vision are much more common in men (8%) than in women (0.5%).
Men have 20% more lung capacity than women.
48% of men and only 22% of women snore in their sleep.
Boys are more likely than girls to be left-handed and generally fluent in their left hand, which is explained by the leading role of the right hemisphere of the male brain.
80% of all people who stutter are men.
The volume of blood averages 5.2 liters in men and 3.9 liters in women.
The mass of the heart of a man is on average 330 g of a woman - 250 g.

"Weaker sex"

Girls start talking earlier than boys.
A woman's sense of smell is 20% better than a man's.
Mental depression is twice as common in women as in men.
Musical ear in women is better than in men: for 6 women who are not out of tune, there is 1 man.
Three quarters of all migraines occur in women.
Women are twice as sensitive to alcohol as men.
Women prefer sweet foods, while men prefer salty ones.
In women, the right eye sees more sharply and hears better in the right ear, while in men it is vice versa.
Adipose tissue makes up 11% of a man's weight and 23% of a woman's weight.
Women, more often men, suffer from dental caries.
42% of men and 62% of women complain of insomnia.

What you will not find in our body: an amazing zoo and mythical characters, mysterious plants and tools, colorful mosaic and a lot of edible things, geographical names and just funny words and objects. After all, anatomists use more than 6,000 (!) Terms to designate the most diverse nooks and crannies of our body.

Let's start with this phrase: “The entrance to the cave was guarded by an elderly gatekeeper, and there, inside, in the center of the labyrinth, in a crescent crevice, an amazing bird was sitting: a cockscomb, a wedge-shaped beak, fish scales; just fantastic!”

Amusing? But the most interesting thing is not so much in this phrase itself, but in the fact that it contains the names of several anatomical formations of our body.

Cave, scales, cockscomb... Can these ordinary words be anatomical terms? It turns out that they can, and besides, they are officially registered and accepted in all countries of the world. Human anatomy - the science of the structure of his body - is one of the most fascinating sections of biology and medicine. But also one of the most difficult. And anatomy is a beautiful scientific discipline. Her language is sweet-sounding Latin. Look at your palm. The palm is like a palm, and in Latin it is called the mysterious combination “palm manus” (palma manus). Even the place on which we sit is not called anything, but "regio glutealis" (regio glutealis).

Let's go back to our example. So where did the cave come from in the human body? In the meantime, there are even a few of them. One cave is part of the middle ear cavity, a special depression in the temporal bone, and the other is part of the stomach. By the way, the entrance to this cave, or rather, the exit from it, is really “guarded” by the gatekeeper. This is the name of the end part of the stomach, passing into the duodenum 12. Also, after all interesting name. The length of this gut is exactly a dozen cross-laid fingers. And the intestine itself is located in such a way that it forms a "horseshoe". However, this is a trifle compared to the tank, which is also comfortably located in the abdominal cavity. A chylous, or lacteal, cistern is the expansion of a large lymphatic vessel.

At the very beginning of the duodenum there is an extension called the bulb. That's really what there is more than enough in our body, so it's bulbs. They will be typed in a whole garden bed. They are in the duodenum, in the aorta, in the brain; hair follicles seems to be known to everyone, but only experts know about the bulb of the penis. What else is rich in our "anatomical menu"? Two apples: Adam's and eye (the first - on the neck, the second - it is clear where). There are also olives - a paired thickening of the brain stem. Not far from them are the almond-shaped and lenticular nuclei - special accumulations of the medulla.

"There are many things in the world, friend Horace ...". How can you remember this famous quote no matter how surprised. However, any organ of our body, any part of it, every nook and cranny of this body is truly remarkable. beautiful world in which we live without noticing it.

Among the many living beings that live on Earth, man is the most intelligent and most advanced in his development. The mind opens the way for us to self-knowledge, including understanding how our body works. Today, more than 6 billion people live on Earth. Each of them is unique in terms of personality, behavior, appearance, body proportions, manner of movement….

The voice is produced in the vocal cords of the larynx. The exhaled air contributes to their vibration and the appearance of sounds, which are then converted with the help of lips, teeth, tongue and palate into vowels and consonants of human speech. Sounds fly out of the mouth at a speed of 1200 km / h (340 m / s), speech flow at very fast speech is 300 words per minute, and the distribution radius ...

The human body consists of more than 50 trillion. microscopic cells. They perform certain functions that ensure the coordinated work of the body. Liver cells (hepatocytes) form tissue. This tissue, together with other types of tissue, forms the liver organ. The liver and related organs are combined into the digestive system. The human body is arranged according to the hierarchical principle, i.e. as a sequence of different difficulty levels,…

If the average duration of one sound (for example, the note “la”) without changing the tone and on one click for most people is 20-25 s, then the record is 55 s. Singing voices are classified according to their sound strength as follows: Ordinary voice - 80 dB Concert voice - 90 dB Opera voice - 100 dB Voice in a comic opera - 110 dB ...

There are 12 major systems in the human body. These are muscle, bone, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, integumentary (skin, hair and nails), reproductive (male and female), excretory and immune system. Each system is responsible for some one process or several processes necessary to sustain life. For example, the circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels and blood, supplies all the cells of the body…

80 billion people have lived on Earth since the appearance of man (currently 5 billion people live, and 75 billion people have died). If you line up the skeletons of all the dead (7 skeletons per meter), then a line is formed that is 26 times the distance from the Earth to the Moon (10 million kilometers). The total weight of these skeletons is 1275 billion...

There are 4 main types of tissues in our body. epithelial tissue, consisting of densely packed cells, covers the skin with a protective waterproof surface layer and lines gastrointestinal tract. Connective tissue connects individual parts of the body and performs a supporting function. Its varieties are tendons, bone and cartilage tissues. Muscle tissue is made up of cells capable of contracting and thereby causing...

Funny terms that bear the names of places, objects or topics of everyday life, we divided into several groups. Nature, geography, architecture The aqueduct of Sylvius is the cavity of the midbrain. The tree of life is a gyrus on the surface of the cerebellum; Atlas (atlas) - the first cervical vertebra. “Strait”, or “gorge” [transl.] - the opening of the pelvis. “Slope” [trans.] of the foot. Spaces and cavities “Gastric cave” [transl.] – stomach cavity….

Our muscles weigh 28 kilograms! Any movement, from blinking to walking and running, is carried out with the help of muscles. Muscles are made up of cells that have unique ability shrink. Most muscles work in pairs as antagonists: when one contracts, the other relaxes. The biceps muscle of the shoulder, contracting and shortening, bends the arm (the triceps relaxes at the same time), and when the triceps contracts (the biceps is relaxed), ...

Skeletal muscles Skeletal muscle cells (muscle fibers) are long and thin. They are formed by many parallel threads - myofibrils. Myofibrils also consist of filaments, or myofilaments, 2 types of proteins - actin and myosin - that give skeletal muscles a transverse striation. When a signal from the brain enters the muscle along the nerve fiber, the myofilaments slide towards each other, and the muscle fibers ...

The average person has 40 to 50 billion fat cells.
The biggest rib cage in the world belonged to Robert Earl Hughes from Illinois in the USA. In girth, it was 3.15 meters. By the day of his death in 1958, thirty-two-year-old Hughes weighed almost half a ton - 484 kilograms. He was buried in a coffin the size of a piano packaging box.
The uterus, or uterus, is the organ from the Latin name of which the word "hysteria" is formed.
Hippocrates ancient Greek father medicine, believed that a flat-chested woman could enlarge her breasts if she sang a lot and loudly.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body.
In your lifetime, you eat 30,000 kilograms of food - this is the weight of about 6 elephants.
A new layer of mucus lining the stomach is produced every 2 weeks, so that the gastric juice does not digest the inner surface of this organ.
Gastric juice is so caustic that it can dissolve a nail.
The average American goes to the toilet about 6 times a day (for various reasons).
75% of human excreta is water.
most big muscle of the human body is the gluteal muscle. Perhaps it is also the strongest - based on the fact that volume is directly proportional to strength.
The longest muscle in our body is the thigh muscle.
Approximately 1,500 surgical instruments remain in the bodies of US hospital patients each year. Most often, these patients are fat people because they have more space in their bodies.
A person burns about 7% more calories by walking on hard ground rather than asphalt.
An adult takes about 23,000 breaths a day.
Most people can carry about their own weight. But an ant can drag an object weighing about 100 times more than itself.
The average person drinks about 2.4 liters of water a day. Of this volume, we get 1.4 liters from drinking, and 1 liter from food.
If you put together all the urine that mankind produces during the day, then twenty minutes of Niagara Falls will come out of it.
Teenagers are twice as likely to get a cold than people over 50.
Left lung smaller right, as if giving way to the heart.
Every day, a person emits such an amount of heat that is enough to boil 30 liters of ice water.
To burn 1 kilogram of fat, you need to walk 120 kilometers.
Your small intestine can be up to 4 times your height.
Are you a human or a mouse? Actually it is very difficult question. 90% of your genes are identical to those of a mouse.
The appearance of a human being changes considerably from birth to age 5, then again at age 12 and at 30. A person changes from 50 to 80 and from 80 to death. Usually, from 30 to 50 years old, appearance does not change much, except for one aspect - the overall weight increases.
22 tons of atmospheric pressure are trying to escape from your body. If it were not there, you would be instantly crushed into a cake. Outside, the same 22 tons of atmospheric pressure are pressing on you. If it wasn't for him, you would explode.
If a person weighs 68 kilograms, approximately 43 of them are water.
A single living cell has more moving parts than any machine that man has ever invented.
Astronauts in space don't burp unless they're in a pressurized suit. But if they were without a suit in outer space, the inability to burp would be the least of the problems - their blood would boil.
The air that a common person breathes in daily, weighs 7 times more than all the food and water he consumed during the day.
The older we get, the slower we breathe.
1 in 20 people never get a cold. There are people in the world who are not subject to common cold and generally have an excellent immune system.
You can have 2 at the same time different types colds caused by 2 different viruses.
If one of the spouses gets the flu, in 38% of cases the other will pick up the same virus.
There is gender equality when it comes to the common cold. Boys get colds more often than girls, but women more often than men.
You can develop immunity to the virus that causes the common cold, but it is caused by hundreds of viruses. If you get sick by catching one of them, you will develop immunity to it for the rest of your life.
You cannot catch the virus at the North and South Poles. Polar temperatures are so low that ordinary viruses simply cannot survive there.
Human muscles produce such an amount of heat that would be enough to boil 1 liter of water per hour.
Steroids were invented in Germany during the Nazi era, not only to build muscle, but also to increase aggressiveness.
There are over 639 muscles in the human body.
For decades it was thought that normal temperature the human body is 37 degrees. However, recent medical research has shown that the "normal" temperature is closer to 36.8 degrees, ranging from 36.2 to 37.5 degrees. For example, the normal body temperature of the Japanese is 36 degrees, while that of Australians and Americans is 37 degrees.
You burn more calories when you are awake. For example, if you weigh 63.5 kilograms, then in a dream you burn 1 calorie in 1 minute, and if you just sit quietly (for example, read or watch TV), then one and a half.
According to the observations of doctors, the engine of your body runs on the energy released by the foods that you ate the day before yesterday.
Your liver is 4 times heavier than your heart.
The higher you live relative to sea level, the lower your chances of getting cancer.
On average, the body of an ordinary man is larger than the body ordinary woman and contains more water and less fat. These are two reasons why men usually better women hold liquids.
Scientists do not know why between 20 and 40 years of age, women are much more likely than men to gain weight.
In a study of models who starred in the tabs of Playboy magazine from 1979 to 1988, it was found that, on average, they weigh 13-19% less than ordinary women.
Thin people have intestines 2 times larger than the norm than their physiology requires.
All the moist membranes that line the human body secrete natural antibiotics.
When you crush a clove of garlic, the sulfur-containing compound allicin is produced. This antibiotic attacks two dozen bacteria and countless fungi.
People who eat a lot of capsicum are less likely to suffer from heart attacks, heart attacks, blood clots, and circulatory problems. The health-promoting substance in peppers is believed to be capsaicin.
A doctor can find replacements for every organ in your body except for the brain and nervous system.
4 out of 5 people with stones in gallbladder they don't know they have them.
The reason for the periodic bouts of fever that appear in some men, physiologists believe the lack of testosterone.
With age, motion sickness may disappear.
Few people know the fact that more than half of the people working with technology virtual reality earning seasickness because of it.
Sleep is the best hangover cure.
If a man will for a long time abuse alcohol, he runs the risk of increasing his breasts. The development of the mammary glands occurs under the influence of the female sex hormone estrogen. Extremely high levels this hormone is found in some men with cirrhosis of the liver, which is the result of many years of alcohol dependence.
A woman inherits the shape of her breasts not only from her mother, but also from her father.
Your liver destroys approximately 140,000 red blood cells per minute. Your bone marrow replenishes them.
The adrenal glands control the water-salt balance in the body and help the body adapt to various critical situations. These organs are usually not similar to each other: the right one is shaped like a sickle of the moon, and the left one is like a conical hat.
The human stomach is forced to renew its surface every day to replace the one affected by gastric juice, that is, hydrochloric acid.
Human stomach acid is aggressive enough to completely dissolve a razor blade in a week.
greatest known kidney stone weighed 1.36 kilograms.
Every year, 4 million people die from infection caused by poor sanitation.
If you are no longer thirsty, you should drink even more water, because. when the body is dehydrated, the "thirst mechanism" shuts down.
If you remove all the space between the atoms that make up your body, you become so small that you can pass through the eye of a needle.

Interesting Facts from book
“Oddities of our body. Entertaining anatomy”
written by Juan Steven, trans. A.Davydova

The human body is a complex and intricate system that has been studied by the best minds for several millennia. And this is an extremely interesting fact, because, despite this, our body is able to surprise even doctors, not to mention people without deep anatomical knowledge.

Brain

The impulses from the receptors to the brain arrive at an amazing speed of 275 kilometers per hour.

Our brain needs energy comparable to the energy of an ordinary light bulb to work.

The electronic equivalent of the memory capacity of the human brain can reach thousands of terabytes.

About 20% of the air from the blood stream goes to the work of the brain.

The brain is more active at night when we are sleeping than during the day when we are awake.

The higher the intelligence, the more dreams you see.

Neurons and brain tissue are capable of regeneration throughout our lives.

Different types of neurons transmit information at different rates.

The brain is not able to feel pain, it lacks pain receptors.

The brain tissue is four-fifths fluid.

Nails and hair

Women's hair is on average twice as thin as men's, in addition, the thickness and stiffness of the hair depends on race.

The beard and mustache grow faster than all other hair.

The average hair can support the weight of a 100 gram chocolate bar.

Toenails grow 4 times slower than fingernails.

Every day a person falls from fifty to hundreds of hairs.

Blondes the largest number hair, but they are thinner.

The nail on the middle finger grows the fastest, probably because this finger is the longest.

There is a lot of hair on the human body, as much as our closest primate relatives, just not all of them are so clearly visible.

One hair can stay in place for an average of three to seven years.

Human hair decomposes so slowly that it is virtually indestructible.

Before baldness becomes noticeable to others, a person loses more than 50% of the hairline.

Internal organs

The heartbeat generates enough pressure to send a stream of blood over a distance of 9 meters.

The small intestine is the largest internal organ in the human body.

The surface area of one human lung is approximately one-fifth of a football field.

Stomach acid can dissolve thin blades.

The total length of the human circulatory system is 96,500 kilometers. For comparison: the circumference of the Earth is only 40,000 kilometers.

The mucous membrane of the stomach is updated every three to four days.

Women's heartbeat is faster than men's.

Scientists have counted about 500 useful functions that the liver performs.

The diameter of the aorta is the same as the diameter of a garden hose.

The left lung is slightly smaller than the right one due to the fact that the heart is located on the left side.

A person is able to survive without a huge part of his internal organs, such as the spleen, 75% of the liver, 80% of the intestines, stomach, kidney, lung and all the organs of the pelvic region. Of course, living without most of the internal organs is not easy, but possible.

The adrenal glands change their volume throughout a person's life.

Basic body functions

The air flow during a sneeze moves at a speed of 160 kilometers per hour.

During coughing, the air speed is reduced to 95 km / h.

Full bladder the same size as a large grapefruit.

Almost 75% of bowel movements consist of water.

Women blink twice as often as men.

Earwax is produced to keep the ears healthy.

On the feet are about five hundred thousand sweat glands, which are able to allocate half a liter of sweat daily.

In a lifetime, a person secretes so much saliva that it can fill two Olympic pools.

The average person experiences flatulence attacks about 14 times a day.

Reproduction

The largest cell in the human body is the egg, and the smallest is the sperm.

Teeth begin to appear six months before the birth of a child.

Fingerprints appear in the embryo at a three-month period.

Pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy see frequent dreams about frogs, house plants and worms.

Almost all babies are born with blue eyes.

In a comparative weight ratio, a newborn baby is stronger than a bull.

One in 2,000 babies is born with an already grown tooth.

Each of us spent half an hour of our existence in the form of a single-celled being.

Most men experience erections several times a night.

sense organs

After a hearty meal, hearing becomes worse.

About one third of humanity has perfect vision.

Unlike men, women have more developed sense smell.

If the product is not able to dissolve in saliva, we are not able to taste it.

A person is able to remember about 50 thousand different smells.

Even the slightest noise causes the pupils to dilate a little.

Each person has their own scent, which is completely unique; only twins don't have it. Smell identical twins- identical.

old age and death

The ashes of a cremated body weigh an average of 4 kilograms.

Nails and hair do not grow after death, they seem longer due to the fact that the muscles and skin shrink.

By the age of 60, people lose about half of all their taste buds.

The size of the eyes does not change at all, but the nose and ears do not stop growing until death.

By the age of 60, more than half of men and slightly less than half of women begin to snore in their sleep.

A person remains conscious for 20 seconds after being decapitated.

Disease

Most often, according to statistics, heart attacks occur on Mondays.

A person can survive longer without food than without sleep.

Normal, weak sunburn can severely damage blood vessels.

Almost 90% of diseases can be either caused or complicated by stress.

Muscles and bones

To smile, you need to use 17 muscles, and to frown, 43.

In the morning we are 1 cm taller than at bedtime, due to the fact that vertical position puts pressure on the spine.

At birth, the number of bones is 300. Over time, some of them grow together, and an adult has fewer of them - 206.

The hardest bone is the jaw.

The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue.

To take one step, a person must use 200 different muscles.

The tooth is the only part of the body that cannot heal itself.

It takes twice as long to lose newly acquired muscle as it does to gain muscle mass.

Bone is stronger than some steel alloys.

Of the 206 bones in the human body, 52 are in the feet.

Cells

About 16 million bacteria live on every square centimeter of skin.

External skin covering human is updated every 27 days.

Every day the human body produces 300 billion cells.

About 300 million cells die every minute in our body.

Every hour we shed about half a million particles of dead skin.

A person's tongue print is as unique as fingerprints.

There is enough iron in the human body to fuse a nail 7 centimeters long.

The most common blood type is the first. About half of the world's population has this type of blood.

The color of the lips is so bright because the capillaries in them are located directly under a thin layer of skin.

Miscellaneous

The size of a baby's head is 25% of the length of its entire body. The head size of an adult is only one-eighth of the height.

The colder it is in the bedroom, the more likely you are to have a nightmare.

Tears and mucus contain an enzyme that can destroy the shell of many bacteria, thus protecting us from infection.

In half an hour, the human body produces enough energy to bring 4 liters of water to a boil.

Our ears produce more wax when we are scared.

You can't tickle yourself.

The arm span usually matches the height.

Humans are the only representatives of the animal kingdom capable of crying because of emotions.

According to statistics, right-handers live 9 years longer than left-handers.

Women burn calories more slowly than men.

Koalas and primates also have unique fingerprints.

depression between nose and upper lip called the philtrum. For what it is to us, scientists have not determined.

It is safe to live when you know more. What do you know about the structure of the human body? Numerous truths and irrefutable evidence. Scientific research, practices that do not get tired of offering and revealing something new.

The human body is a complex chemical laboratory in which the most complex metabolic processes are continuously taking place.

If we are asked the question: “what does the structure of the personality consist of?”, then undoubtedly it is the skeleton, skin, blood and organs. The most important elements. By studying each substance, we discover something new for ourselves.

Probably everyone knows that the nature of man and his essence are studied by two sciences; physiology and anatomy. These branches of knowledge tell us what we need. But, there is still a lot of curious things that need to be explored and learned. Only the most inquisitive!

Skeleton - support for the body and protection of all internal organs

Human bones (especially the femur) are very strong and durable. In their structure, they resemble a reinforced concrete structure. Can support the weight of a granite slab.
It has been proven that a child has more bones (about 300) than an adult. How to explain it? Every year, the baby grows and his skeleton changes, that is, the bones grow together, forming new, larger ones.
Imagine! The giraffe has the same number of objects.
It is also interesting that every seven years, human bones are renewed.

Blood is the fluid that sustains life

Substance is updated hourly. Old cells die and new ones are produced (by the bone marrow and spleen).
The only part of the human body that does not have a circulatory system is the cornea of the eye.
It is the red color of the blood that indicates that the carrier of oxygen here is iron. By the way, we can say that the blood of some types of spiders is blue. It transports oxygen - copper.
One hundred thousand kilometers - the length of all blood vessels persons.
Great example! A resident of Australia, Donor James Harrison, has donated blood from over 1,000 races. Saved the lives of two million children.

The outer covering of the body, which protects not only the internal organs, but also the human skeleton.

In the dermis, there is a melanin pigment. This is what color depends on.
The sweat glands play a very important role. They regulate body temperature. Interesting! If you think sweat has no nice smell, You are wrong. This aroma is obtained due to bacteria living on the surface.
The most thin skin- cover of the eyelids.
It has been scientifically proven that exposure to the sun for a long time, people lose vitamin D.

Of course, an integral part of the whole organism, there are its organs.

Developing its own shocks, this organ can beat as long as there is a certain amount of oxygen inside.
For females, this instrument beats faster than for men (about 10 beats).
But the ancient Egyptians thought that the heart and other organs could be moved.
Professors from the Australian University proved that cats and dogs can have a good effect on the functioning of this body structure. And eating chocolate also contributes to this.
Determined that daytime sleep, kills the heart, as the pressure rises.
People who have heart problems often succumb to depression and neuroses.

Brain

Lungs - clean and even breathing

Why is this organ so named? Marvelous! The only organ that floats on water.
It is also curious that the element serves not only for breathing. Also, protects the heart, serves as an "airbag".
How many liters of air do you think you breathe every day? About 10,000 thousand units.
Those who smoke are most susceptible to lung cancer.

Organs of vision - to live a full life

It should be noted that the constant wearing of lenses and glasses does not affect the eyes in any way.
A girl from Germany, Veronica, has the highest visual acuity.
But women blink more often than men.
If we talk about eye color, then "green" is the rarest. We also note that the Japanese attach great importance to this.
All people are born with light gray eyes. And only then, they can acquire a different color.

Summing up all the above, it is clear that each organ is the main wealth in human life. Therefore, it is worth considering and protecting. And most importantly, to do everything that depends on us for a good and fruitful functioning!