Parabens are harmful. Tonal creams for the face without harmful components. Metabolism of parabens in the human body

Parabens are the most commonly used preservatives used in the production of cosmetics, medicines, and food products. Their distinctive features- lower toxicity to humans compared to many other substances and high antimicrobial activity, especially against yeasts and molds.

The effects of parabens in cosmetics and other industrial products have been studied for many years, and their safety, when used judiciously, has been confirmed by numerous factual results. The characteristics of these preservatives are approved by official organizations and confirmed by certificates, therefore, in cosmetic products High Quality they are practically safe.

However, like any chemical, these preservatives still have the potential risk of side effects.

What are parabens

To increase the shelf life of cosmetic products and prevent the reproduction of pathogens in them, manufacturers add preservatives to their composition. Most often, parabens are used for this purpose.

According to the chemical structure, these are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They are part of most cosmetic products:

• methylparaben - in 80%;
• propylparaben - in 60%;
• butylparaben, ethylparaben - in 25%.

Also, substances similar in structure can be used as preservatives - isobutylparaben, benzylparaben, sodium benzoate. In most creams, mascaras, etc., they are contained in low concentrations - from 0.01% to 0.3%. The maximum allowable content according to European standards is 0.4% when using one type of parabens and 0.8% when two such preservatives are added to the composition.

The denser the texture of a cosmetic product (cream, mascara, cosmetic milk), the more preservatives it contains.

Safety

Is there any harm from parabens added to cosmetics? Their safety has been proven in various studies in both animals and humans:

• study of acute and subacute toxicity;
• study of carcinogenic ability - the ability to cause cancer;
• analysis of the impact on pregnancy and the developing fetus;
• experiments on the processes of absorption, exchange and release of paraben decay products;
• tests of skin stimulation and photosensitization (increased sensitivity to sunlight).

None of them have been scientifically proven to have any negative effects after application. In particular, the relationship between the use of deodorants with parabens and the incidence of breast cancer has been studied in detail. She has not been confirmed. Therefore, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products of the European Commission (SCCP) concluded that, according to current data, parabens can be used in the composition cosmetic preparations without harm to health.

Along with this, there are research results showing the harm of these substances. For example, with the introduction of parabens under the skin of rats, changes occurred in animals caused by a violation of the hormonal background. However, such data cannot be extended to humans and cosmetic products for external use. The content of preservatives in cosmetic products and their hormonal activity are negligible and cannot have a noticeable effect on the sex glands.

To date, scientists believe that the only real danger is the possibility of developing individual intolerance and, although parabens are hypoallergenic components, since they are not proteins in their structure and are neutral with respect to the skin.

Some types of such preservatives, namely propyl and butyl parabens, are prohibited for use in baby creams and lotions used as diaper skin care. This is due to the lack of studies on the safety of such substances in infants.

Why are there security concerns?

Despite numerous safety reports, doctors do not recommend the use of cosmetics with parabens in certain cases.

What are the dangers of parabens? They have an estrogen-like effect, so they can cause fluid retention and weight gain. The use of a large amount of products with parabens is not recommended for women with hormonal problems as well as pregnant and lactating women.

Another development opportunity negative effects parabens - the use of many cosmetics containing them at the same time (for example, mascara, liquid eyeliner, eye shadow, concealer, when combined, can cause irritation of the thin skin around the eyes).

However, it is worth considering that the proportion of parabens that are absorbed into tissues and enter the bloodstream is negligible. The body is able to process them, turning them into safe substances and then releasing naturally. Therefore, scientists cannot prove the harm of parabens to health.

Since 2015, 5 parabens have been banned for use in cosmetics under new regulations set by the European Commission. Their mixtures were also banned: Methylisothiazolinon and Methylchloroisothiazolinon.

Each person can decide for himself: whether he will trust the data obtained in the studies, or still save his body from unnecessary exposure to chemicals.

How to reduce the likelihood of a negative action

You can use cosmetics with parabens, if used wisely, they are safe. There are some simple rules:

• use no more than 1-2 products containing these preservatives at the same time;
• add natural ingredients or eco-cosmetics to the care procedures;
• stop using the product immediately if it causes any adverse reactions;
• when buying cosmetics of a new brand, you should start using it gradually to make sure that the skin reacts normally;
• carefully study the composition before buying, know the designation of parabens in the composition of cosmetics.

What are parabens called?

• ethylparaben: Ethylparaben;
• propylparaben: Propylparaben;
• methylparaben: Methylparaben.

For simplicity, you can remember that these substances include those that are labeled as E214 - E219.

Also, the names can be replaced by chemical terms that are close in meaning:

• propagin or metagin;
• hydroxybenzoate or hydroxybenzoate;
• hydroxybenzoic or hydroxybenzoic acids, their esters or salts;

It is worth considering that the manufacturer is obliged to indicate chemical components on the packaging only if their content exceeds 1%. Since the concentration of parabens is usually much lower, these substances may not be listed in the composition at all.

How to choose cosmetics without parabens

There are several ways to avoid the effects of parabens on the skin:

1. Purchasing products labeled "paraben free" ("free from parabens"). However, in reality, this does not mean that such cosmetics do not contain preservatives. It is necessary to check its composition for the presence of not only the parabens themselves, but also their analogues (benzoic acid esters, hydroxybenzoates and others listed above). Sometimes the manufacturer, in the hope of misleading the buyer, simply replaces the frightening word in the composition with a more incomprehensible and neutral one.
2. The use of cosmetics based on natural preservatives - ascorbic acid, eucalyptus oil, seaweed extracts and others. Natural cosmetics without parabens and other artificial preservatives are very expensive, and only 2-3 weeks are stored in the refrigerator.
3. The use of home care products instead of store-bought tonics, lotions, creams, scrubs, and so on.
4. Purchase of products with a special label confirming the absence of preservatives: BIO, Cosmebio, Ecocert (for French products), BDIH (Germany), USDA Organic (USA).
5. The use of products containing, instead of parabens, the modern preservative Biosol, specially developed by the pharmaceutical company Sandoz as an alternative to parabens. While maintaining excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activity, this component (Isopropyl methylphenol) does not have estrogen-like activity. Yes, it is used well-known firms Uriage and ROCS, as well as it is contained in many products of the Siberian Health brand.

List of cosmetic brands that do not contain parabens

French firm producing natural essential oils and cosmetics based on them, as well as hygiene products and perfumes. A small production is located in Provence, batches of products are distributed to the company's boutiques.

The Swiss brand, actively selling natural cosmetics through a network of representatives, pharmacies, retail stores, as well as via the Internet, provides several product lines designed for people of different ages.

Natural cosmetics of Greek production, which are sold all over the world. Products for make-up, body care, face, hair, sun protection, perfume, men's cosmetics.

Caudalie

The production is located in France, the products are based on the beneficial properties of the vine and berries.

Lavera and Dr. Hauschka

German brands without synthetic preservatives and fragrances, including numerous plant extracts.

UK products, where consumer safety is carefully monitored; it does not contain synthetic preservatives, dyes, perfume compositions and is approved in clinical trials.

Hypoallergenic German cosmetics containing a minimum of potentially hazardous substances that cause contact dermatitis.

Russian paraben-free cosmetics are represented by Natura Siberica products. It has the necessary certificates, including international ones (ICEA, ECOCERT, COSMOS STANDARD, BDIH), confirming the complete safety of all manufactured products. Raw materials for cosmetic products are obtained on specially created farms, as well as in the wild nature of Siberia. Products are distributed through a network of branded stores, you can buy it via the Internet.

Eco-cosmetics are quite expensive. Therefore, you can pay attention to some mass products, which also contain a minimum of parabens. These are the brands Green Mama, Syoss, Maybelline, Revlon, CoverGirl, L'Oréal.

It should not be thought that there are absolutely no preservative substances in the composition of these products. Otherwise, they could only be stored in vacuum packaging, and after opening only a short time in the refrigerator. Typically, manufacturers replace parabens with other preservatives - salicylic acid, benzyl alcohol, sorbic, benzoic acids, ethanol, essential oils.

Funds for children

In conditions of significant environmental stress on the body of a small child, every mother would like to use natural remedies for care. Of course, you can use the usual herbal infusions available to everyone. However, there are also special eco-tools for children. Children's cosmetics that do not contain parabens are produced by the following companies:

• Weleda;
• Mustela;
• Mulsan Cosmetic.

The content of the article:

IN modern world almost every woman and girl regularly uses cosmetics and personal hygiene products. WITH cosmetic procedures Our morning begins and our day ends with them. But not every one of us thinks about what we put on the skin and what effect our favorite cosmetics, including substances such as parabens, have on it.

What are parabens

The ancestor of all parabens is benzoic acid, which has been used for 400 years. In the 16th century, it was first isolated from benzoin resin and began to be used in the process of preserving fruits. Thanks to the scientist from Germany, Justus von Liebig, in 1832 the structure of benzoic acid was determined, and 43 years later, Ernst Leopold Zalkowsky, a German physiologist, in addition to the antimicrobial function, also discovered the antifungal function. By the way, acetylsalicylic acid, which is also aspirin, was invented on the basis of salicylic (oxybenzoic) acid. Parabens have been taking part in the process of food preservation since 1925, their effect is very high compared to benzoic and salicylic acids, it's all about high efficiency and small concentration of use.

Throughout the existence of parabens, there have been disputes about their harm in the composition of cosmetics. Despite this, it is impossible to find at least one law or regulation prohibiting their use. If large corporations are trying to find a solution by minimizing preservatives in their products, then small businesses are more likely to be looking for alternatives.

How can we - daily users - be afraid of parabens and make natural cosmetics at home? Or do not pay attention to scientific hypotheses and continue to use the usual means without fear?

Types of parabens

Parabens are not an invention of scientists, but are natural substances that are found in a wide variety of plants. Benzoic acid, for example, is abundant in cranberries and lingonberries, which finds its use in herbal medicine as an antimicrobial agent, and is used in some situations by patients with kidney disease. For the treatment of wounds and burns, willow bark is used, which contains oxybenzoic (salicylic) acid. In blueberries, you can easily find methylparaben, which is assigned the role of an antimicrobial agent. And this is not the whole list of natural parabens.

Synthetic parabens are often included in products with a high water content. So in purchased cakes and cakes, as well as in bread and butter, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben are contained. Preservatives are hidden under E218, E214, E216, which extend the shelf life of products, thanks to this content, sauces, mayonnaises and ketchups can be stored in the refrigerator for much more than a few days.

Parabens are widely included in products by cosmetics companies. Shampoos, shower gels, shaving gels, conditioners, toothpastes, deodorants, masks, creams, decorative cosmetics, etc. - all of them contain components that prevent delamination and unsuitability for use. Complete absence preservatives in cosmetics of a decorative and therapeutic nature - it is impossible.

The concentration of parabens may vary depending on the expiration date of the product and the form of release. For example, it is rare to find parabens in the composition of deodorants in aerosol containers, since the cylinders are hermetically sealed, which means that they do not particularly need preservatives, which cannot be said about dry deodorants, which contain the most parabens, because they are more actively in contact with others. air. A similar situation is observed with deocrems squeezed out of the tube. Balloons to neutralize the smell of sweat, they occupy an intermediate cell in terms of the content of parabens - between aerosol packages and dry sticks.

The lead in the use of parabens is given to the pharmaceutical industry, which introduces liquid dosage forms(drops, tinctures, syrups, etc.), soft dosage forms (ointments, gels, suppositories, etc.), gelatin capsules and even dressing materials. Remember at least the "talkers" that could be bought at the pharmacy only with a prescription and which were marked by a shelf life of just a couple of days. With parabens, however, as with other preservatives, products would not deteriorate so quickly.

Parabens are divided into the following types:

• Ordinary- methylparaben (E218), ethylparaben (E214), propylparaben (E216), butylparaben, benzylparaben.
• Specific- isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben, benzylparaben and their sodium salts.

In addition, preservatives also have such names as para-hydroxybenzoates, propagin, metagin, hydroxybenzoic, hydroxybenzoic acids, etc.

The danger of parabens

Everything related to the composition of cosmetics has always caused a storm of confusion, and parabens are no exception. Even in their relatively short history in the beauty industry, which spans only a couple of decades, their reputation has been repeatedly tarnished. So in 2004, British scientists conducted a series of studies, the result of which was the conclusion that preservatives are endowed with the ability to accumulate in the tissues of the mammary gland. Parabens were found in 18 out of 20 samples of malignant breast tumors. The work of scientists did not prove that these substances stimulate the development of the disease, but still the result of the study itself was not so comforting, and persecution began on parabens. 6 years after the study, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Goods of the European Union stated that there were no sufficient reasons to talk about the dangers of propyl- and butylporabene, but their number in the formulation of products should definitely be reduced from 0.8 to 0.19%. In March 2011, Denmark became the first country to ban both of these parabens from products for children under the age of 3. Not only that, many deodorant and antiperspirant companies have eliminated these preservatives from their formulations.

Scientists warn that parabens are similar in effect to estrogen, which means that for whom estrogen is contraindicated (primarily pregnant women), one should be careful about using a product with parabens in the composition. Butyl-, isobutyl-, propyl-, methylparaben are marked by pronounced extragen-like action. There is a fact that a preservative is an estrogen imitator only after it enters the body with food.

Women who care about the condition of their skin try not to sunbathe too much in the sun, because straight Sun rays- enemies of the youth of the skin. Studies have proven that methylparaben applied to the epidermis has a detrimental effect on the surface, enhancing the action of ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, a preservative can not only accelerate the aging process of the skin, but also damage DNA, cause allergic reactions, irritation and inflammation. If the body has a large amount of parabens, this can lead to hormonal imbalance, as well as an increased risk of getting cancer diseases organs of the reproductive system. It is worth noting that all this information requires further confirmation or refutation by scientists. So far, it has been officially announced that parabens are quickly absorbed, but also quickly excreted from the body. If we are talking about cosmetics, then in the case normal type parabens are practically harmless to the skin.

What can replace parabens

If you have a question about an alternative to parabens, you should know that you are not alone, experts from major cosmetic corporations in the world are solving this problem. True, they have not yet come up with a replacement for a preservative similar in properties to parabens, which miraculously prevent the growth of bacteria. If you use alcohol or essential oils as a preservative, another problem may arise - excessive dryness skin, allergic reactions. In any case, the production of cosmetics is not carried out without the use of preservatives.

If we are already talking about alternatives to the use of parabens, we should mention formalin, one of the first preservatives that was used by representatives of the cosmetics business. Formalin belongs to a number of cheap substances, it is noted for its excellent antiseptic properties, it allows you to preserve not only the product itself, but also the gas phase under it, due to its volatility. All of these advantages are overshadowed by the toxicity of formaldehyde and how carcinogenic it is, this preservative is banned for use in many countries, even when it comes to the manufacture of rinse-off cosmetics.

It has long been used in household chemicals, as well as in cosmetics, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate. Their advantage, first of all, lies in price attractiveness. It is worth noting the "new" preservatives - Biosil, Twister, while they have not been studied in detail, which means it is too early to talk about any of their advantages or disadvantages.

Caution should be taken with chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, strong preservatives that are included in the product in a very small dosage. From the use of a product with these substances in the composition, allergic reactions or dermatitis may appear on the skin. True, during the study of preservatives, large concentrations of substances were taken, and not the dosage that is usually used for the manufacture cosmetic products.

IN Lately when choosing a cosmetic product, consumers are increasingly looking into the composition of the selected product in order not to make a mistake with the purchase, which means that manufacturers should work hard to include safer substances in the formulation of products that extend the shelf life of emulsions.

If you do not want to deal with parabens - use cosmetics with vitamins E and C, extracts and propolis, instead of a preservative, essential oils are also used. Just remember, such cosmetics have a short shelf life, no more than two or three weeks, and you can store it only in a dark, cool place, ideally in the refrigerator. It is impossible to completely protect yourself from parabens, because these substances can be found in food, medicines, toothpastes.

You can determine if there are parabens in cosmetics by the composition. Take a look at the list of ingredients used to prepare the selected product, this preservative has a characteristic “paraben” ending (butylparaben, propylparaben, etc.). Try to buy products from short term shelf life in a tube or in a package with a dispenser.

Very often, manufacturers produce creams in jars, the selected type of container is a "gateway" for bacteria and microbes, which can lead to delamination of the product consistency. That is why a large dose of preservatives is added to such creams. Despite the statements of experts that the difference in the dosage of preservatives in the products presented in jars and in tubes is minimal, it still does not hurt to play it safe.

Popular store-bought paraben-free products

There are many paraben-free products on sale, including:

• Universal day face cream "AUR PLUS 5 in 1", Maurya- a product from an Indian manufacturer contains components that moisturize, slow down the aging process of the skin, and also remove harmful substances. The composition is enriched with almond oil, wheat germ oil, shea butter, vitamin E, Tulsi extract, etc. Volume - 50 ml, price - 410 rubles.
• Cleansing foaming gel for oily problem skin "EFFACLAR", La Roche-Posay- has a physiological pH of 5.5, does not contain parabens, alcohol, dyes, soap, developed on the basis of thermal water. The product cleanses the skin of excess sebum, dirt and make-up residue, leaving it fresh and clean. To use, lather the product in the palms of your hands with a little water and apply to the skin with gentle movements. Volume - 200 ml, cost - 859 rubles.
• Intensive moisturizing cream "Arctic Aqua", Lumene- a product with a delicate texture allows you to balance the optimal level of moisture in the skin and provides deep hydration for a long time. The cream from the Finnish manufacturer contains the purest arctic spring water, which is enriched with minerals useful for the skin, is used for normal and dry skin. Volume - 50 ml, price - 402 rubles.

Video review about parabens:

Included in all cosmetic creams includes substances that are in great disfavor with our consumers. I'm talking, of course, about parabens. There are a lot of rumors and tales around parabens. And sometimes it is very difficult to figure out what is fiction and what is true. Hysteria inflated on the net has led to the emergence of paraben-free cosmetics, which is nonsense for cosmetology. But let's talk about everything in order.

Parabens are esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, substances that are widely used as preservatives in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In other words, parabens are derivatives of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is a natural compound that is found in many fruits and berries: raspberries, lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries, blueberries. It also occurs in many fermented milk products, such as: yogurt, curdled milk, fermented baked milk. The presence of benzoic acid in natural products indicates its complete safety and non-toxicity. For many consumers, it becomes a real discovery that parabens are not artificial compounds invented by scientists, but real natural substances.

The composition of cosmetic creams includes the most famous parabens: methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben, benzylparaben and their sodium salts. But parabens are found not only in cosmetic preparations. For example, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben are added to bakery products, cakes, pastries, butter. They are also present in canned fish, ketchups, sauces and mayonnaise. Parabens are found in shampoos, shaving gels, toothpastes, deodorants, soaps and shower gels. Preservatives increase the shelf life and sale of products that would have deteriorated if it were not for the parabens in their composition. The concentration of parabens depends on the expiration date of the cosmetic product. The longer the shelf life, the higher the concentration of parabens in the product.

Why use parabens?

When making homemade cosmetics, for example, tonics, tinctures, lotions, you may notice that after a couple of days in the refrigerator they begin to deteriorate. And the thing is that they do not contain bactericides and bacteriostatics, which do not allow bacteria to multiply, and the cosmetic product deteriorates. Bactericides reliably kill microbes, bacteriostatics leave them half-alive, preventing them from multiplying. In cosmetic products, parabens play the role of both bactericides and bacteriostatics. A paraben-free cosmetic product is a breeding ground for all microorganisms. Parabens are a well-studied and very reliable class of preservatives, moreover, they are quite cheap, which is also important. But with them, unfortunately, not everything is so simple.

What are parabens accused of?

Recently, the Internet community has taken up arms against parabens. And the thing is that parabens were found in cancerous tumors of the mammary glands, in the fifth region of the chest - the upper outer square adjacent to the armpits. Most importantly, it was the ethereal structure of parabens that was found in cancerous tumors. And this means that they were contained in something that was applied to the skin. This discovery was associated with parabens contained in deodorants.

Deodorant manufacturers have been quick to respond, stating that deodorants usually don't need preservatives, so they rarely contain parabens. The study was conducted by molecular biologist Philippa Darbre. She examined 20 tumor tissue samples and found paraben concentrations in 18 out of 20 cases. Of course, you can associate this concentration of parabens with cosmetics, but you can also with food parabens. After all, parabens are added even to bread. But studies on mice have shown that when ingested with food, parabens are metabolized and lose their essential structure. And their “ability” to launch an oncological disease becomes even weaker. As a result, only those parabens that enter the body in the ether form are capable of triggering oncogenesis.

Further, Philippa Darbre decided to find women suffering from this disease, but never used sprays and deodorants. And here, to her great surprise, the parabens were localized in the subjects in the same place - in the upper outer square adjacent to the armpits. Mammologists joined the study. They noted that a cancerous tumor of the mammary glands at all times was localized precisely in the upper outer square, since there is a large accumulation of fat cells, which very slowly lend themselves to fatty involution. And where there is more adipose tissue, mutations occur more often. So the presence of parabens in tumors still does not say anything, since there is no direct evidence that they initiate the development of an incurable disease.

How can you figure out which source of parabens in the body can initiate a cancerous tumor? And can it really? American scientists have laboratory research and proved that parabens do not have any carcinogenic properties. There was no direct evidence, but there was indirect evidence: already formed cancer cells accumulate parabens. That is, parabens do not contribute to the formation of a cancerous tumor, but the tumor itself accumulates them in itself.

In other words, the effect was presented as the cause. For example, a cancerous tumor contributes to the accumulation of glucose, but it never occurs to anyone to designate it as the initiator of a malignant disease. However, the problem is that glucose does not have an estrogen-like property, while parabens, according to some scientists, do. A few years later, the American scientist D. Godfrey discovered that parabens in tumors are not of cosmetic origin. But the research does not end there, it continues to this day.

However, based on scientific research, the European Consumer Protection Committee and other consumer protection organizations around the world have determined that methylparaben and ethylparaben are absolutely safe and can be used in cosmetic products. But their total concentration should not exceed more than 0.8%. Also, all parabens are allowed for use in all countries of the world and in Japan, inclusive, where the most stringent legislation in relation to the health of the nation.

Can parabens be substituted?

Manufacturers of paraben-free cosmetics are constantly trying to convince consumers that their cosmetic products do not contain parabens. But they are simply cunning, calling parabens, for example, sodium benzoate or benzoic acid, and from the foregoing, we learned that these substances are the same parabens. The manufacturers just used a different name for them. Therefore, be vigilant and do not let yourself be deceived. For example, parabens in creams can be referred to as: arahydroxybenzoate, triclosan, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, metagin, proapgin, potassium sorbate, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxybenzoate, hydroxybenzoic acids, oxybenzoate, E214, E219, PHB, paraoxybenzoate, nipagin, nipazol .

Paraben-free cosmetics are a gimmick, a marketing ploy. Such cosmetics are not profitable for manufacturers, they cannot be stored and delivered to the consumer. Of course, it is possible to replace parabens, but few people do this, since it is inefficient and costly from a financial point of view. At one time, grapefruit seed extract was advertised as a preservative. There was a real boom about its naturalness and harmlessness. However, after some research, a mixture of benzethonium chloride, methylparaben and triclosan was found in its composition. And all because parabens as benzoic acid are found in many fruits and berries and are able to demonstrate their estrogen-like properties in the human body. True, it is not known how strongly they demonstrate these properties. After all, their estrogen-like action is not as active as that of real estrogens. Therefore, it is impossible to say how much they increase the risk of developing cancer.

Natural cosmetics - is it possible?

A fair question arises, if parabens are not safe, then is it possible to create cosmetics without parabens? Is it possible? Perhaps, but it is unlikely that such cosmetics will be reliable and effective. Suppose if the validity period natural cosmetics there will be a week, then the cream in the package should be exactly one week. Otherwise, it cannot be used up completely. But even in this case, there is no guarantee that the cream will not start to deteriorate within a week. The range of action of natural preservatives is not as extensive as that of parabens. As part of a cosmetic composition, they can react differently, losing their properties. In other words, their preservative properties are worse than those of parabens, and the price is much higher.

We can say with confidence that natural cosmetics is a Petri dish on which various microorganisms grow and multiply, including pathogenic ones. For this reason, cosmetics without preservatives is impossible. Without them, cosmetics can quickly turn into an explosive mixture of bacteria and microorganisms. And such cosmetics are unlikely to benefit our skin. But thanks to rumors about the dangers of parabens, an entire industry has formed that produces paraben-free cosmetics and other fun things.

Summarizing

We can say that completely undeservedly parabens from harmless substances turned into components pursued by the public. Any chemist can confirm if disassembled chemical composition plants such as blackberry, lingonberry, oak bark, raspberry, currant, apple, cranberry, you can get a list of substances that will not differ from the composition of our favorite creams.

It is difficult for lovers of “everything natural” to realize that their favorite berries and fruits grown in the natural environment contain the same chemical composition and as many “harmful” parabens as cosmetic creams. It's shocking, but that's the way it is. We live in a world where everything around is chemistry. We ourselves are chemistry, and before we fear anything, we need to find out if it really deserves our concern. After all, most often all our fears are from ignorance and ignorance.

We can say with certainty that:

1. There is no point in being afraid of parabens, since it is nothing but benzoic acid found in many fruits and berries.
2. Parabens become xenoestrogens only when they enter the body in their ether form. But how much they are capable of initiating an oncological disease is not yet known exactly.
3. Research on parabens continues, therefore, the question of the harmfulness of parabens remains open.
4. So-called "natural cosmetics" are disguised as paraben-free products, but in fact they are not. There are parabens in the composition of such products, but they are denoted by other terms.
5. The excitement around parabens is sometimes associated with the desire to “drag” another class of preservatives to the cosmetic market. Less efficient and more expensive.
6. Those consumers who still do not want to use cosmetics with parabens should use natural masks from fruits, berries, dairy products, etc.
7. Parabens are a class of completely safe and reliable preservatives that are allowed by law in many countries around the world.
8. Parabens in cosmetic products are found in minimal concentrations. Such a concentration is not capable of harming health.

And the last thing: if parabens still remain dangerous substances for you, then you should limit yourself to the use of cosmetic products and wait for the final results of scientific research.

The first cosmetics appeared in Ancient Egypt, where paints from antimony and soot, creams were found during excavations. It is known, for example, that Cleopatra wrote a book about self-care products. In her tomb, archaeologists have found many decorative and medical cosmetics. Cleopatra founded her own production of cosmetics and perfumes.

In Rus', women also paid Special attention appearance, using only natural products. For example, the juice of beets and berries was used as a blush and lipstick. The usual face care products in Rus' were eggs, honey, milk, sour cream. With the help of a decoction of parsley, women bleached their face or rubbed it with the pulp of a cucumber for rejuvenation.

Natural ingredients in cosmetics have been replaced by affordable and cheap ones, artificially synthesized in the laboratory. This happened due to the fact that in 1824 the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler synthesized the first organic substance - urea. From that moment began the rapid development of synthetic organic chemistry. Science has gone through several revolutions and, after more than 150 years, knowledge has ceased to be of a philosophical nature. Chemical discoveries made by scientists today simplify our lives. But there is another side to this coin.

In 1995, Samuel Epstein, MD, Distinguished Professor of Ecology at the Institute of Public Health at the University of Illinois, published The Safe Shopper's Bible MacMillan - New York, 1995). Samuel is one of the most respected female scientists in the world. After publishing a series of papers in the field of human health research, she was appointed chairman of the International Association for the Prevention of Cancer.

In the book, the scientist described about forty thousand diseases that were caused by the use of cosmetics, as well as 884 toxic chemicals used in its production. To date, it has been found that all these dangerous components cause cancer, genetic and biological mutations.

In the composition of cosmetic and hygiene products Today, various substances are included, and almost all of them are of chemical origin. One such dangerous ingredient is cosmetic preservatives. parabens.

What are parabens and where are they used?

Parabens are esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid used in the manufacture of cosmetics. If the acid itself is quite often found in nature in the composition of plants and oils, then parabens are completely chemical in origin.

The most common in production are: butylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben. All of these substances exhibit good antiseptic properties, which leads to their use as an inexpensive preservative almost everywhere, including food products. Thanks to this property, cosmetic products do not deteriorate, mold does not appear in them and the shelf life is extended.

According to the latest data (US Food and Drug Administration), the use of parabens in the production of cosmetic care products in the world has increased by 1.7 times compared to 1981. Today, parabens can be found in approximately 80% of personal care products (Pouillot A. J Med Esthet Chir Dermatol 2006; v. 33, p. 187-90.)

Parabens are used in the production of the following products:

• - shampoo and styling products for hair
• - creams and lotions for face and body
• - shower gel
• - liquid soap
• - shaving lotion
• - children's cosmetics
• - decorative cosmetics
• — wet wipes
• — toothpaste
• — deodorants
• - perfume
• — medicines(syrups, ointments, tinctures, antiseptics)

Sociological surveys show that a consumer aged 21-65 uses about nine cosmetic products per day. In a study of these products, parabens were found in 77% of rinse-off and 99% of leave-in decorative products (Rastogi S.C, Contact Dermatitis 1995; v.32, p. 28–30). European, Asian and american cosmetics also contain harmful parabens.

A study of Danish beauty products found that out of 751 products, 36% contained parabens. In Norway, parabens were present in 32% of 117 baby care products (Eriksson E. "Substance flow analysis of parabens in Denmark complemented with a survey of presence and frequency in various commodities" J. Hazard Mater 2008;240-259). According to another estimate, dangerous butylparaben is present in 13%, while propylparaben and/or methylparaben in 48% of cosmetics. (Masten S.A. Butylparaben review of toxicological literature butylparaben. Rev Toxicol Lit 2005:1–64).

Why are parabens dangerous and how do they affect the human body?

The dangers of parabens have been talked about for a long time. These popular substances have their opponents and supporters. In 2004, Philippa Darbre (Darbre P.D. Underarm antiperspirants/deodorants and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1186/bcr2424). It must also be said that the highest concentration of parabens was found in upper parts chest section. The researcher attributed this to the use of deodorants. The producers did not make us wait long.

Currently, parabens are practically not used in the production of deodorants. However, there are other substances that are even more dangerous. More than 10 years have passed since the publication of this article, but it still remains unclear whether there is a direct link between the use of parabens in cosmetics and the development of a cancerous tumor in humans. Today it is safe to say that parabens cause serious violations endocrine system, as they have estrogenic activity, that is, they act like a hormone. Moreover, this action increases with the length of the organic radical or chain. That is, it will be higher for butylparaben compared to propylparaben (Cashman A.L, Parabens: a review of epidemiology, structure, allergenicity, and hormonal properties. Dermatitis, v.16 (2), p. 57–66).

In the course of American experiments conducted on rats, it was possible to obtain data on changes in the morphology of the uterus (hypertrophy), which directly affects conception. The study was conducted with the introduction of high doses of methyl- and isopropylparaben into female rats through a gastric tube. In all individuals, a decrease in the duration of the estrous cycle was also observed (Daston, 2004). In addition, when exposed to parabens, the levels of estradiol and thyroxine significantly decreased. The negative effect of parabens on the endocrine system was also proven in a study by other authors on the example of female rats. The authors showed that high concentrations of parabens affect the learning ability and behavior of females (Colborn, 2004; Miodovnik et al., 2011). A series of studies on the effects of various parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl, butyl-) on male rodents were carried out by the Japanese biologist Oishi (2001, 2002a, 2002b, 2004). Methyl- and ethylparaben in doses up to 1000 mg/kg body weight/day was used for 8 weeks. According to hormonal analyzes (testosterone, LH and FSH), it turned out that parabens do not affect the secretion of hormones in male rats (Oishi, 2004). The effect of parabens on male rodents has also been examined using relatively low doses (2 mg/kg/day). The study showed a reduction in sperm motility in males. The use of parabens applied to the skin in the composition sunscreen leads to irreversible changes in the human body. Japanese scientists Y. Okamoto, T. Hayashi and others who studied the interaction of methylparabens with solar radiation concluded that the use of cosmetics with this paraben leads to skin aging and irreversible DNA changes (Y. Okamoto, Chem. Res. in Tox. 21 (8), 2008). Parabens are especially dangerous because they are practically not excreted from the body and have a cumulative effect.

Research concerning the issue of concentration and accumulation of parabens in the human body is now worrying the whole world. Recently, an article by doctors from Denmark was published on this topic. They found parabens and other dangerous substances in the men's blood and urine after volunteers used aftershave lotion. (Paternal Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Other Phenols in Relation to Reproductive Outcomes among Couples from a Fertility Clinic. Environmental health perspectives, V. 123, p. 665-671).

American scientists measured the quantitative content of parabens in the milk and urine of lactating women in South Carolina. In this study, conducted on a sample of 34 lactating women, parabens were found to be present in both urine (60-100%) and breast milk. (Concentrations of environmental phenols and parabens in milk, urine and serum of lactating North Carolina women, Reproductive toxicology, V. 54, P. 120-128). Thus, women who breastfeed their children need to be especially careful when choosing cosmetics. It is advisable to limit the use of these products during the feeding period and carefully read the composition of the purchased hygiene products.

Especially worth mentioning about children's cosmetics containing parabens. Since parabens are present in 80% of all hygiene products, child care products are no exception (Purdel, N.C. Estrogenic burden of parabens used in child care products, FARMACIA, V. 63, P. 118-122).

We have previously written about similar hazardous substances that cause hormonal changes, For example, .

The use of parabens forms a special hormonal background The child has. After applying a baby cream containing parabens in boys, for example, testosterone levels decrease. Compared with adults, children are particularly susceptible to the action of carcinogenic and toxic substances, since their metabolism is faster and their body weight is relatively small. Therefore, when choosing children's products, you should pay special attention to their composition, as well as choose famous brands because they care more about their safety than others.

Are parabens in cosmetics controlled?

According to the latest data, many authoritative bodies around the world indicate that parabens do not pose a danger to humans. However, the U.S. Department of Health has set the maximum daily intake for parabens at 142.08 mg and 3.024 mg/kg for adults and 0.378 g for children (approximately 2.368 mg/kg body weight (CIR, 2008).

Europe

In the European Union, the permissible content of parabens in cosmetic products is 0.4% for certain types of parabens and 0.8% for mixtures of all parabens (Official Journal of the European Union, 2009).

In 2011, the Danish government decided to impose restrictions on the use of certain highly hazardous parabens (propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl) in personal care products intended for children under 3 years of age - creams. Under the ban and restrictions were diapers and baby wipes (SCCS Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. Opinion on parabens; 2010.).

Since 2014, France has banned the use of the following substances: isopropyl-, isobutyl-, pentyl- and benzylparaben, parabens, as their effect on humans has been little studied.

The highest permissible concentration of parabens in Japan is 1.0% (Masten SA. Butylparaben review of toxicological literature butylparaben . Rev Toxicol Lit 2005:1–64).

Despite this, there is no single legislation governing the concentration of parabens in cosmetics in any of these countries.

(Kirchhof M.G, Skin Therapy Lett 2013;18.5–7).

Russia

In Russia, there is the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of perfumery and cosmetic products" (TR TS - 009 - 2011). The regulation applies to perfumery and cosmetic products put into circulation on the territory of the CU member states in consumer packaging. It also establishes requirements for products and related production processes in order to protect human life and health, protect the environment, and prevent actions that mislead consumers about its purpose and safety. The regulation contains 10 applications. Annex 1 to the technical regulation contains a list of substances prohibited for use in perfumery and cosmetic products. There are no parabens on this list, which means that their use is officially allowed in our country and the countries of the customs union.

Annex 4 to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of perfumery and cosmetic products - (TR TS 009/2011)" contains a list of preservatives allowed for use in perfumery and cosmetic products. As well as in European countries, the permissible content of parabens in cosmetic products is 0.4% and for a mixture of esters - 0.8%. There are also the most dangerous preservatives on this list - butylparaben, and isopropylparaben.

Is there an alternative to parabens??

The reason parabens are used so widely is because they are cheap and effective. In addition, if parabens are replaced everywhere, then unscrupulous manufacturers can return to the origins of the production of cosmetics, when even more dangerous formaldehyde was used as a cheap preservative.

To date, there are various components that can replace dangerous parabens and preservatives in cosmetics: almond, olive, lavender, jojoba oil, oil tea tree, argan and lavender oil, extracts of oregano, thyme, rosemary, grapefruit seeds. The use of natural raw materials shows good antiseptic properties, which means that it will make high quality products. However, this makes it difficult to use by people prone to allergies. In addition, these cosmetics have two more significant drawbacks - they are expensive and need to be stored in the refrigerator.

In conclusion, I would like to say that if at least one person a day gets acquainted with the information about the dangers of parabens presented in this article, this is already a huge benefit. When you buy paraben-free cosmetic products, you are primarily concerned about what our planet and the health of our children will be like. Environment also suffers from toxic sources of paraben pollution. A particularly high concentration of parabens has been found in wastewater. And this means that parabens will soon be in the rivers, and they will be contaminated with tap water, vegetables and fruits grown on household plots. It is highly likely that over time the concentration of parabens in the air will be prohibitively high due to contamination of the soil.

There is a lot of noise about the harm of parabens. Even the NTV channel at one time showed another anatomy of protest, only about parabens. The conclusion of the film is clear: parabens are toxic and cause cancer. Viewers are scared, but what if parabens are everywhere: from mascara to baby cosmetic milk– is it worth it to break your eyes, but read the list of ingredients? At the same time, manufacturers of traditional cosmetics claim that parabens in cosmetics are a proven safe preservative that has no equivalent replacement; and there are still no studies that would establish an unambiguous causal relationship between parabens and the development of cancer cells.

It's time to figure it out: is parabens really so harmful?

List of parabens: Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben are synthetic preservatives. Widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals: creams, ointments, toothpastes, shampoos and decorative cosmetics - most products contain these preservatives.

Major fuss between opponents and defenders of parabens flared up in 2004, when the English molecular biologist Philippa Darbre published data from a study of breast cancer samples: 19 out of 20 samples were found to contain significant amounts of parabens. An important detail: in the vast majority of cases, the concentration of parabens was found in the upper breast, which led scientists to assume that these cases of the disease were provoked by the use of deodorants containing parabens.

However, further research has not found a clear causal relationship between deodorant use and breast cancer. In addition, parabens in cosmetics are a reliable and inexpensive way to protect cosmetics from bacteria, fungi and mold. Parabens give cosmetics long term storage, which, in the end, significantly reduces the cost of production.

Opponents of parabens claim: in an experiment on animals, it has been shown that there is a risk of passing these parabens by inheritance. In addition, parabens are toxic and have a cumulative effect.

Parabens are completely metabolized, defenders of traditional preservatives argue, citing data from other scientists. In addition, parabens are absolutely non-allergenic, which cannot be said about their natural substitutes.

Opponents are shocked by studies that prove that butyl and propyl give parabens hormonal properties - they mimic the action of the female sex hormone estrogen, the excess of which affects the development of breast cancer. Paraben advocates point out that plant substances used in natural cosmetics, such as soy, also promote the growth of estrogen.

Meanwhile, European and American certification bodies have taken a rather neutral position: in the EU, parabens are recognized as safe for health in a minimum concentration of up to 0.4% (for a single substance) and up to 0.8% when using several parabens, and in December 2010 a scientific The EU Advisory Board has recommended a significant reduction in the concentrations of long-chain parabens in cosmetics.

In turn, the bodies that certify natural and organic cosmetics have added parabens to the list of prohibited ingredients. Moreover, manufacturers of natural cosmetics have long found a safe substitute for dubious parabens. List of preservatives used in natural cosmetics: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, sorbic and salicylic acids - preservatives identical to natural ones, as well as natural ones: ethyl alcohol, salt, sugar, sorbitol, essential oils.

At the same time, according to the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Centers for Deasese and Prevention Control), parabens are found in the blood, urine and breast milk in 90% of the US population, while in women who use cosmetics more often, the concentration of parabens in the body is higher, which means that parabens have a cumulative effect. In addition, we understand that parabens are included in almost any cosmetic product: from lipstick to diaper cream, which means that you can “accumulate” a critically dangerous dose of parabens.

What to do until they figure it out and prove something thoroughly? .. It seems that the only wise answer in this situation is minimize the amount of parabens you consume daily, if possible: deodorant, body cream, scrub, toothpaste, shower gel - there are many options from the range of natural cosmetics. Then you don’t have to worry too much about the presence of a small amount of parabens in your favorite mascara or liquid soap at work.