Table for introducing complementary foods on artificial feeding. Artificial feeding and complementary feeding

Every woman who is going to get pregnant and give birth to a child should know about the features of feeding and caring for a baby.

The necessary advisory assistance to a young mother should also be provided by a neonatologist and a local pediatrician.

Therefore, if you have questions about the rules of feeding and caring for your child, do not hesitate to ask them qualified specialists. Some children are on artificial feeding due to hypogalactia, serious illnesses liver, kidneys or mammary glands in a woman. However, the baby must receive all the nutrients he needs, so the introduction of the first complementary foods in such children has its own characteristics.

Optimal timing for introducing complementary foods

Exist exact dates when to introduce complementary foods to a bottle-fed baby adapted mixtures. Artificial children are introduced to new food products 4 weeks earlier than children receiving mother's milk. That's why The optimal period for the first complementary feeding is 3.5-4 months.

After the introduction of complementary feeding, the baby should switch to a five-time diet; the same number of feedings is recommended for children who are on natural feeding. It is important to understand that complementary feeding should gradually replace the mixture with food that is more familiar to an adult.

At the time of introduction of new food products, the enzyme system digestive tract The baby is completely ready to digest and absorb food other than the usual breast milk or formula.

When artificial feeding, complementary foods are introduced in order to fully provide the child with the necessary nutrients, vitamins and microelements. It also contributes to:

obtaining enough fiber necessary for normal intestinal motility;
proper development of the speech apparatus (through chewing movements);
gradual weaning from the mixture and a harmonious transition to a more adult diet;
As the child grows, his body increasingly needs minerals, which are found in large quantities in vegetables.

Features of the introduction of the first complementary foods during IV

The decision about which product to introduce first into the baby’s diet should be made together with the pediatrician observing him.

9 rules for first complementary feeding during IV

1. If the child’s weight is behind the norm or there is a tendency to disrupt the digestion of food, then first he is given porridge, in other cases it is rational to give the first vegetable complementary food.
2. A bottle-fed baby can be fed once a day at first. When feeding five times a day, complementary foods replace the meal at 10 a.m.
3. The first portion of porridge or puree is 15-20 ml, and the remaining volume should be filled with the mixture.
4. It is very important to carefully monitor the baby’s condition during the first 24 hours after he tried New Product. When color changes skin or bowel irregularities, you should contact your pediatrician and discuss with him a plan for introducing new foods into the baby’s diet.
5. On the second day of introducing complementary foods, its amount should be 50 ml, and the remaining amount of food should be replenished with the help of a mixture.
6. On the third day, the baby receives 70-80 ml of puree or porridge and for 1-2 weeks the second meal is completely replaced with complementary foods.
7. It is better to give cooked food to the child with a spoon, even if the baby at first refuses or is capricious to eat in a new way for him.
8. Make sure that there are no lumps or large pieces of vegetables in your food, gradually make the porridge or puree thicker.
9. It is important to remember that complementary feeding with artificial feeding begins only when the baby is completely healthy. In the presence of any diseases, the introduction of the first complementary foods should be postponed and agreed with the pediatrician.

Which products are better to choose?

If the baby receives complementary foods in the form of vegetable puree, then the most important rule It is considered the introduction of only one vegetable into the diet at a time. This is due to the fact that if a child has an allergic reaction, the mother and pediatrician will know exactly which vegetable caused the allergy.

Potato

Usually, first of all, the child is given mashed potatoes to try (potatoes can also be cooked in vegetable broth without salt). After 2 weeks, you can gradually (every 3-5 days) add one vegetable to the potatoes.

Vegetables

The most suitable vegetables for complementary feeding are carrots, beets, cabbage and pumpkin. When the baby is six months old, you can add a few drops of vegetable oil to the puree, and at 7 months - butter.

Porridge

If the first complementary feeding begins with milk porridges, then it is advisable to opt for buckwheat, rice or corn groats. It is believed that it is better not to give your child oatmeal or semolina porridge, as they contain gluten, which provokes the development of celiac disease.

The composition of the porridge should also gradually change:

During the first 7 days, you need to give 5% porridge, which is boiled in vegetable broth or half-and-half milk (50% water, 50% milk).
From the second to the fourth week, the baby receives 8-10% porridge with half-and-half milk.
After 4 weeks, you can cook 10% porridge with whole milk and add 5% sugar and 3% vegetable oil to it.

It should be remembered that for a month the child should receive exclusively one type of cereal; after a month, other cereals can be introduced.

Introduction of healthy food supplements into the diet

In the absence of medical contraindications the child needs to be given juices and fruit purees, as they are a source of many vitamins, microelements and minerals. The main purposes of introducing purees and juices are:

prevention of hypovitaminosis, anemia, rickets;
improvement of intestinal secretory and motor function;
positive effect on intestinal microflora.

Fruit juice

The introduction of fruit juice begins at 3-3.5 months, at first the volume of juice should not exceed 1-3 drops.

You should carefully monitor your baby's condition after drinking juice if the reaction to the new kind food is normal, then the volume of juice is gradually increased (by the end of 4 months the child should receive 20 ml of fruit juice per day).

It is advisable to prepare the juice immediately before giving it to the baby and exclusively from vegetables that have been correct processing. First, for the first feeding, the most the best fruit for juice is an apple.

It is strictly not recommended to give to a baby grape juice and tropical fruit juices (the exception is banana juice from 4 months). You should offer your child juice an hour and a half before or after a meal; you should not add sugar to it to improve its taste.

Fruit puree

2-4 weeks after the introduction of the juice, the baby is allowed to try fruit puree. It is better to start with half a teaspoon of applesauce; the maximum amount of puree in the first half of the year is 50 mg.

For the introduction of the first complementary foods on artificial feeding Only high quality products should be selected. It is in the process of obtaining new products that the baby’s intestinal microflora and enzyme system are formed, which have a huge impact on the functioning of the baby. gastrointestinal tract throughout a person's life.

If your child has a negative reaction to a new food (rash, diarrhea, or constipation) or other alarming symptoms, you need to urgently consult a pediatrician who will adjust the feeding schedule for your baby.

Found a mistake? Select it and press Ctrl + Enter

Is your child growing up and ready to try new foods? It's time to diversify the menu and introduce complementary foods. When breastfed and bottle-fed, complementary foods are slightly different, as is the recommended age for introducing new foods. Do pediatricians, friends and relatives have different opinions? Let's look into this issue.

For normal development a child under one year old, a prerequisite is timely introduction complementary foods in the diet.

Complementary feeding - additional (in addition to mother's milk or formula) food, stimulating digestive system and training the child’s chewing apparatus, while simultaneously preparing him to eat “adult” foods.

You need to start introducing new products from one type of vegetable, gradually expanding the diet and increasing portions

The child must be at least 3-4 months old: children younger than this age will not physically be able to accept food that is unusual for them.
The child must be healthy: the introduction of additional flavors is stressful for the baby, it should not be aggravated painful conditions additional worries.
Consistency of products: starting with liquid puree, we gradually “complicate the task” by adding small pieces as teething occurs.
Monocomponent complementary foods: it is better to start introducing new products one at a time, gradually (in the absence of allergies) expanding the diet and increasing portions.
Amount of food: start with 1 tsp, increasing to 150-180 g - a full serving.
Complementary feeding complements, rather than excludes, breast milk or formula. How to store expressed breast milk.
Do not introduce new products on the day of preventive vaccination.
Feeding additional products should occur in the first half of the day; complementary foods should not be given with the first and last feeding of the day.
The diet is expanded at intervals of about a week, after good adaptation of the previous product.
When allergic reactions and if the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted (diarrhea, vomiting), the product should be temporarily removed from the child’s menu.

Approximate time frame for introducing new products into the diet: infants – 6 months, although some pediatricians advocate earlier administration.

What and how to feed: menu options by month

From 4-5 months

morning feeding with basic nutrition;
first complementary feeding with vegetable, fruit monocomponent puree or dairy-free porridge;
normal feeding.

From 5-6 months

basic nutrition;
porridge 150-200 g;
basic nutrition;
fruit or vegetable puree up to 150 g, then breast or mixture;
main food: breast or formula.

From 6 to 9 months

the first morning feeding remains the main food;
complementary foods throughout the day: porridge, puree, yolk, cottage cheese in acceptable quantities (according to the table);
in the evening and at night (if necessary) - main meals.

From 9 months to one year

Daytime feedings have practically been replaced with “adult” food; morning and evening feedings remain.

The introduction of complementary foods during artificial feeding begins as early as 4 months, at special cases, and these are: suspected anemia, insufficient weight gain and developmental delay.

Complementary foods are introduced from 3 months according to the conclusion of a pediatrician.

It is better for underweight infants to start complementary feeding with porridge, and for artificially-fed babies with fruit purees.
Children receiving formula or mixed feeding better adapted to digest food other than mother's milk.

That is why complementary feeding during artificial feeding is introduced a month earlier, and in case of underweight and suspected anemia from 4 months.

Infants, especially those who are underweight, should start complementary feeding with various cereals, and for artificially-fed babies, it is better to start their acquaintance with cooking with fruit purees, especially if the baby is a little overweight.

The scheme for introducing complementary foods during artificial feeding is also of particular importance.. Very often, parents cannot accurately determine the required amount of food, and difficulties arise with feeding. we talk about this in detail.

To avoid this, use a simple calculation:

4-6 months: 1/7 body weight;
6-12 months: 1/8 of the baby's body weight.

The introduction of additional food begins with small portions: ½ teaspoon of puree, 5 ml. juice

In this case, give juice after the main feeding, and puree or porridge before feeding. Big choice Ready-made canned food for children greatly simplifies the problem of cooking, but they should not be abused.

Great solution - porridge instant cooking factory-made, but an already grown-up child can be gradually accustomed to an adult table.

Focus on averages normal increase The following table will help you.

These figures, of course, will be very average; the average increase will depend purely on the characteristics of the body, genetics, and the quantity and quality of nutrition received.

From 7 months, rabbit, veal, and turkey meat can be introduced into the complementary feeding diet.

Pediatricians also use another calculation method: for the first six months, add 800 g of weight every month, after that, 400 g.

It should be noted that these figures are approximate; many parents begin to panic, starting to feed the baby heavily, or, on the contrary, restricting food.
All these measures will not give positive result, you should focus on the child himself: well-being, appetite, mobility and temperament.

We must not forget about heredity: if obesity is quite common in the family, you should not overindulge your child with sweets and flour products.

In another case, an active and overly mobile child simply does not have time to “put on fat” and, in the presence of a healthy appetite, force-feeding him is also useless.

And in this article you will get acquainted with tips on how to enter. Very useful to know about myths that circulate among mothers on this issue.

It would be a big mistake to initially transfer the child to regular food.: salt, spices and the technology of preparing many of our usual dishes can negatively affect the baby’s digestive system and still insufficiently formed kidneys.

After 7 months, the child’s diet expands to include meat products - minced lean meat; turkey, rabbit, and veal are perfect.

After 9 months, 1-2 times a week, meat is alternated with boiled fish (in the absence of allergies), suitable species There will be: flounder, pike perch, saury and cod.

It is also very useful to give unsalted hard cheese, a large number of calcium, protein and the most important vitamins of groups A, B.

It is better to start introducing porridges with rice or oatmeal, gradually adding buckwheat and semolina.

Already 2 months after the start of complementary feeding with artificial feeding, the child is given porridge with cow's milk (first diluted 1:1); if there is an allergic reaction, the product is canceled.

Table of estimated weight gain for children by month

AGE, months	ESTIMATED WEIGHT GAIN, g
AGE, months	PER MONTH	FROM BIRTH

The following table will help you create an approximate complementary feeding menu.

Table of complementary feeding for a child by month with artificial and breastfeeding

	BABY'S AGE, months

Fruit juices, ml	5-30	40-50	50-60	60	70	80	80-100
Fruit puree, g	5-30	40-50	50-60	60	70	80	80-100
Cottage cheese, g			40	40	40	40	40-50
Yolk, pcs.				¼	½	½	½
Vegetable puree, g		10-100	150	150	170	180	180-200
Milk porridge, g			50-100	150	170	180	180-200
Meat puree, g				5-30	50	50	60-70
Fish puree, g						5-30	30-60
Dairy products: kefir, yogurt, ml					200	200-400	200-400
Wheat bread, g					5	5	10
Rusks, cookies, g				3-5	5	5	10-15
Vegetable oil, g		1-3	3	3	5	5	6
Butter, G			1-4	4	4	5	6
Whole milk, ml		100	200	200	200	200	200

Here are some that take into account the above recommendations.

The most famous and extraordinary pediatrician Evgeniy Komarovsky, as always, breaks generally accepted norms, offering his vision on the optimal composition of complementary feeding products during artificial feeding.

5 differences between the “Komarovsky system” and the traditional complementary feeding scheme

Do not give complementary foods to babies until they are 6 months old.. This applies to both breastfed and bottle-fed babies.
Use low-fat kefir (special for children) as the first complementary food and gradually introduce cottage cheese from 6 months.
The best option for evening feeding would be milk and cereal porridge. Starting with 2-3 tsp, gradually increase the amount of porridge to the usual single serving - 200 g.
The introduction of vegetables and fruits should be carried out after the appearance of the first teeth (timing and symptoms of the eruption of the first teeth), then include meat, fish and yolk in the menu.
For complementary feeding, use products that are genetically “native” to our country and do not experiment with exotic delicacies.

The introduction of complementary foods is an important and responsible matter! Late introduction to regular food can cause developmental delays in the child; Previously feeding “adult” food means problems in the unformed digestive system, in particular, and an unbearable load on the internal organs.

In any case, a common sense approach and consultation with a pediatrician on such important stage growing up of a child is simply necessary.

It is advisable to start with vegetable puree (zucchini, cauliflower, potato). Grind boiled or steamed vegetables using a blender. You can rub through a large metal strainer or mash with a fork (until a homogeneous consistency). To prevent the taste of food from being too unusual, you can add a mixture to the puree.

Artificial people should not start with cereals. They are prescribed as first complementary foods to children who are gaining weight less quickly.

A new dish is given before feeding with the mixture (preferably before lunch, then you can monitor the body’s reaction). For the first time, half a teaspoon is enough. Next you need to supplement with adapted milk.

If after the first feeding there is no rash or indigestion, then on the second day give 1-2 teaspoons of the same vegetable puree. On the third - about 30 g. To diversify the flavor palette, add another product to the puree (zucchini + potatoes, cauliflower + potatoes), add a couple of drops of vegetable oil (olive).

Gradually increasing the portion of vegetables and decreasing the amount of the mixture, over 10-12 days the volume of one feeding is reached. When complementary feeding reaches 120-150 g of vegetable puree, there is no need to give milk anymore. Now it's time to replace the second feeding (after the lunch nap). This time you can prepare porridge or fruit puree. At approximately 6.5-7 months, two feedings are replaced, one in the morning, the other in the evening. The rest of the time - as usual, a mixture. In principle, at night it is permissible to deviate slightly from the menu and prepare a special portion from the “ Good night» your baby food manufacturer.

Do not forget to unobtrusively offer your child something to drink between meals. Daily norm water for a child under one year old can be calculated using the formula: (number of months) x 50ml. It is better to give your baby fruit juices only when the baby is under one year old. Instead, you can prepare compotes from fresh or dried fruits.

With artificial feeding, complementary foods are introduced earlier than with breastfeeding. This is due to the fact that children who are bottle-fed receive a significant amount of “foreign” nutrients in the human milk substitute, which leads to a certain adaptation of the child to the “foreign” diet. It should be noted that the timing of the introduction of complementary foods is chosen individually, after discussion with the pediatrician who is monitoring the baby.

It is necessary to start introducing complementary foods with small quantities of the product, gradually increasing it.
Complementary foods should be given before formula feeding, from a spoon.
You cannot introduce two new products at the same time.
Complementary feeding dishes should be pureed and should not contain small pieces that may cause difficulty swallowing. As you age, you should move on to thicker and, later, denser foods.
After introducing complementary foods, it is necessary to establish a 5-time feeding regimen.
The first complementary food is introduced into one of the daytime feedings, best - at 10 or 14 o'clock.

Timing for the introduction of various dishes and complementary foods for bottle-fed children.

Age, months	0-1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	9-12
Dishes and products	Volume of consumption.
Adapted milk formula, ml	600-750	700-850	750-900	800-900	700	400	300-400	350	200	200
Fruit mousse, compote, ml	According to indications			5-30	40-50	50-60	60	70	80	90-100
Vegetable puree, g	-	-	-	5-30*	10-150	150	150	170	180	200
Fruit puree, g	According to indications			-	40-50**	50-60	60	70	80	90-100
Porridge, g	-	-	-	-	-	50-150	150	150	180	200
Cottage cheese, g	-	-	-	-	-	40	40	40	40	40
Yolk, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,25	0,5	0,5	0,5
Meat puree, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	5-30	50	50	60-70
Kefir and other fermented milk products or whole milk, ml	-	-	-	-	-	-	200	200	400	400
Whole wheat bread, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	5	10
Rusks, cookies, g	-	-	-	-	-	3-5	5	5	10	10-15
Vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, corn), g	-	-	-	-	3	3	3	5	5	6
Butter, g	-	-	-	-	-	4	4	5	5	6
* Puree is introduced 2 weeks after the introduction of juice. ** The introduction of the product is determined depending on the child’s health status and the degree of adaptation of the human milk substitute used in his diet.

Vegetable puree It is considered preferable for the first complementary feeding in healthy bottle-fed children; it is richer in vitamins, minerals, pectins, and fiber, which are necessary for a growing body. The introduction of complementary foods must begin with one type of vegetables: zucchini, pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, green peas, potatoes, which should not account for more than 20% of the total volume of vegetables.

Porridge(rice, corn, buckwheat) are introduced as complementary foods a month after the introduction of vegetables (not earlier than 6 months). After 8 months, you can introduce gluten-containing cereals (oatmeal, semolina). Porridge is given to the child starting with 1-2 teaspoons, gradually increasing its amount to 120-150 g per day and adding 3-4 g of melted butter or vegetable (olive) oil. After porridge, you can give your baby fruit puree.

Cottage cheese, as a source of complete protein and some essential amino acids, calcium and phosphorus salts, should be prescribed to healthy, normally developing children no earlier than 5-6 months to enrich complementary foods with protein. The amount of cottage cheese per year should not exceed 50 g in order to avoid a high salt and protein load on the child’s kidneys.

Yolk hard-boiled chicken egg should be given from 6-7 months. Its earlier administration often leads to allergic reactions. The yolk is given to the child in pureed form, mixed with a small amount of the mixture, starting with minimal doses (at the tip of a spoon) and gradually increasing its amount to 1/4-1/2 per day. Later, the yolk is added to porridge or vegetable puree. It is better to give the yolk 2 times a week.

Meat It is recommended to introduce it into a child’s diet starting from 7-7.5 months. If a child has intolerance to cow's milk proteins, it is better to avoid introducing beef and veal, and use rabbit meat, white meat turkey, chicken and lean pork. For anemia meat puree prescribed from 5-5.5 months. At 8-9 months, meat puree is replaced with meatballs, by the end of the year - steam cutlets. It is not recommended to give meat broth to a child of the first year of life, since its nutritional value is insignificant, in addition, it is rich in extractive substances that have an allergenic effect.

At the age of 7 months, to stimulate chewing skills, you can give your child cracker(with kefir or juice).

White sea fish(hake, cod, sea bass) can be recommended to a child instead of meat 1-2 times a week from 8-9 months. Fish proteins are well balanced in amino acid composition. They are absorbed better than meat proteins; In addition, fish is rich in minerals and B vitamins.

Whole cow's milk It is better to start giving it to your child at the end of the first year of life, but in no case earlier than 6 months. Dairy products into the diet healthy child administered no earlier than 7 months. If you are allergic to formula, they are introduced earlier, but their amount should not exceed 2/3 of the volume of the milk formula.

The result successful feeding There should be an adequate increase in the baby’s body weight (see table).

Month	Monthly weight gain, g	Body weight gain over the entire past period	Monthly height increase, cm	Increase in growth over the entire past period
1	600	600	3	3
2	800	1400	3	6
3	800	2200	2,5	8,5
4	750	2950	2,5	11
5	700	3650	2	13
6	650	4300	2	15
7	600	4900	2	17
8	550	5450	2	19
9	500	5950	1,5	20,5
10	450	6400	1,5	22
11	400	6800	1,5	23,5
12	350	7150	1,5	25

Immediately after the first difficulties breastfeeding are left behind, another one stands in front of mom serious problem- first feeding. The recommendations given in this case by thematic websites, local pediatricians and friends with grandmothers are very different from each other, so inexperienced women are simply lost in a sea of contradictory information. How to introduce the first complementary foods correctly, and what age is optimal for this?

Several decades ago, it was believed that the first complementary foods for babies fed exclusively on breast milk should be introduced at three months. But today this scheme is recognized not only as incorrect, but also dangerous to the health of the child.

In the body of a baby who has not yet reached the age of six months, there are no enzymes necessary for digesting new food, so “adult” foods create a strong load on his digestive tract.

In addition, up to six months is enough for a child useful substances and vitamins that he receives from mother's milk, that is, introducing complementary foods earlier simply does not make sense. Such measures are only advisable if medical indications– for example, in cases where the child does not gain enough weight. True, introducing complementary foods too late is also not recommended, since at 7-8 months the baby can already perceive unfamiliar food much worse.

To get acquainted with new food, the child must be sufficiently developed for this nervous system, as well as some skills and reflexes.

There are a number of signs by which one can determine his readiness for the introduction of the first complementary foods.

The child begins to chew, the force of sucking increases, and the gag reflex moves from the middle of the tongue to its root.
Having completely emptied the mother's breast, the baby continues to show signs of hunger.
Showing interest in adult food and the first attempts to try something from the parents' plates.
When the mother tries to offer the child a new product, he does not try to push the spoon away.
The baby can sit in one place for a long time and take food with its hands.

If a baby has at least three of the five signs listed above, it means that his body is quite ready to get acquainted with new dishes.

In order not to harm the baby when introducing complementary foods, the mother must follow several important rules:

new products are introduced into the child’s menu no more often than once every 7-10 days;
You cannot introduce your child for the first time immediately before or after vaccinations, during climate change, after illness, during teething, etc.;
food should be given to the baby when he is hungry, and in no case should he be forced to eat what is offered;
initially, all complementary feeding dishes (for example, vegetable purees) should be prepared from one vegetable: you can mix different vegetables or grains only when the child has already tried each of them separately;
Complementary feeding should not be a reason to stop breastfeeding - it is not intended to replace mother's milk, but to supplement it.

Where to begin?

There are two options for introducing the first complementary foods, each of which has its own disadvantages and advantages. The first is a more modern and radical option, which is called complementary feeding, as well as the traditional scheme, that is, the introduction of special baby food (store-bought or home-cooked) into the diet. The choice of the most optimal scheme, of course, is up to the mother.

Peculiarities of complementary feeding

The main principle of complementary feeding is to introduce the baby to food that is familiar to his family, so that he can quickly “get involved” in the diet. Of course, this does not mean that six-month-old babies you should immediately start feeding fried and fatty foods adult food. You need to start complementary feeding with tiny (no more than a quarter of a teaspoon) portions of boiled or steamed foods, which should be prepared accordingly: chopped or ground.

The list of products that may be included in complementary foods includes:

boiled meat and fish;
dairy products;
boiled and steamed vegetables;
fruits;
porridges and side dishes (peas, potatoes, beans, etc.).

At first, the baby just gets acquainted with the taste and texture of the new food, after which its quantity begins to gradually increase. This complementary feeding scheme gives children the opportunity to develop communication skills, fine motor skills and coordination, and also forms the basis proper nutrition for the rest of my life.

Complementary feeding with baby food

The first foods that are recommended to be introduced into a baby’s diet are white (cauliflower) or green vegetables (zucchini, broccoli), since they rarely cause food allergies. Next, pumpkin and carrots are added to them, and the latter is given to the child no more than 2-3 times a week along with other vegetables, otherwise yellow-orange spots may appear on his feet and palms. An exception to this rule is children with insufficient weight gain - in this case, complementary feeding begins with gluten-free cereals.

It is not recommended to start complementary feeding with fruit juices or fresh fruits - they have a sweet taste, which is why the child immediately begins to develop a craving for sweets, and in addition, they can irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing digestive disorders.

There is a special scheme for introducing new products, compiled by WHO specialists, which is recommended for all breastfeeding women to adhere to.

Type of complementary foods	Optimal age for administration	How to enter correctly	Recommended serving size
Vegetables	6 months (if there are appropriate indications, 5 months)	Green and white vegetables (except potatoes) are introduced first in the form of puree.	To begin with, it is recommended to give ½ tsp, and then gradually increase to the volume of one feeding (100-200 g)
Vegetable oils	6 months	It is recommended to introduce olive oil first, followed by sunflower and corn oil, which are added to the puree.	A few drops (up to a teaspoon)
Porridge (dairy-free)	6.5-7 months. (with insufficient weight gain from 4-5 months)	The first to introduce are cereals that do not contain gluten (buckwheat, corn, rice), after which multigrain porridges can be introduced	With ½ tsp. (up to 100-200 g)
Butter	7 months	As an additive to cereals	With 1/8 tsp. (up to 10-20 g)
Fruits	7-8 months	In the form of single-component purees, gradually moving to purees from several types of fruits	With ½ tsp. (up to 100-200 g)
Milk porridge	8-9 months	First, gluten-free cereals (buckwheat, corn, rice), and in the absence of allergies and gastrointestinal disorders, you can introduce oatmeal and multigrains	With ½ tsp. (up to 100-200 g)
Meat	8 months	To begin with, turkey, rabbit, and veal are recommended, after which chicken and beef are gradually introduced (pork is not recommended as complementary food)	With ½ tsp. (up to 100-200 g)
Eggs (yolks)	8 months	It is recommended to start with quail eggs, since they cause allergies less often than chicken	From 1/8 teaspoon of chicken (if a quail egg, then from ¼), bringing up to ½ (a whole quail) per day
Children's savory cookies	9-10 months	Maximum 5 pcs. in a day	From small pieces (about 1/8), up to whole cookies
Dairy products	9 months	Special children's sour milk	With ½ tsp. (up to 100-200 g)
Cottage cheese	9 months	Special cottage cheese without additives	With ½ tsp. (up to 50 g). From one year of age you can give 100 g
By-products	9-10 months	As part of multi-component purees, initially more than 1-2 times a week	With ½ tsp. (up to 50-100 g)
Fish	10 months (if you have allergies – from 12)	Steam or boiled, twice a week	With ½ tsp. (up to 150-200 g)
Fruit juices	10-12 months	To begin with, give clarified juices diluted with water (proportion 1 to 1), preferably apple	With ½ tsp. (up to 100 ml per day)
Porridge (semolina, pearl barley, millet, etc.)	12 months	Start with well-cooked multi-ingredient porridges	From 2-3 tsp (up to 200-250 g)
Berries	12 months	In the form of a puree (preferably from bright berries)	With ½ tsp. (up to 100-150 g)

When introducing complementary foods, the baby immediately needs to have his own dishes: a plate and a spoon. A special spoon can be purchased at the pharmacy - it can be silicone or plastic (some mothers use silver spoons).

It is unacceptable to feed children from a bottle, even if the manufacturer indicates that it is intended specifically for such purposes. Getting to know the pacifier is the first step to giving up mother's breast and the formation of unhealthy eating habits.

When introducing a child to new products, it is very important to monitor the reaction of his body - for this it is recommended to keep a special diary in which the mother will write down each of them (time of introduction, quantity, etc.). If your baby suddenly develops a food allergy, constipation or other digestive problems, it will be very easy to identify the “culprit” with the help of records. The product that caused such a reaction should be excluded from the diet for at least a month.

It is very important to remember that with the introduction of complementary foods, the nature of the child’s stool will in any case change. Vegetables contain fiber, so they can slightly loosen stools (therefore, they are especially recommended for children prone to constipation). Various fruits also act on the digestive system in different ways: more watery fruits (for example, kiwi, apples, apricots) have a laxative effect, while denser fruits (bananas, pears) have a strengthening effect.

The first feeding activates the liver and enzymatic system, which is why the stool may acquire a greenish tint or may contain patches of mucus and undigested pieces of food. If the child feels normal, such phenomena should not frighten parents - after the stomach learns to “work” with unfamiliar foods, the stool will immediately return to normal (usually this happens within about a week).

There should be no rush to introduce new products, otherwise the child may refuse complementary feeding altogether - in order for the baby to completely get used to a particular dish, he must try it at least 10 times. If you categorically refuse this or that product, you can use a small trick - add a little breast milk to the puree or porridge. Feeling the familiar taste, the baby will eat what is offered with pleasure.

Purees and cereals for the first feeding can be bought in specialized stores or prepared yourself. To do this, you need to take vegetables, rinse them well in boiled water, peel and seed them if necessary, chop finely, then boil or cook in a double boiler (the second option is preferable, since steaming retains more nutrients). Grind the boiled vegetables in a blender with the addition of a small amount of broth or water.

The consistency of the product should be liquid, reminiscent of kefir. When the baby grows a little, you can give him thicker purees, and closer to 10-11 months, vegetables should simply be mashed with a fork so that the child learns to chew. You cannot store ready-made foods for complementary feeding - you need to prepare a fresh portion each time.

To prepare porridge for the first feeding, you need to rinse and dry the cereal well, then grind it in a coffee grinder and brew it with boiling water (you can add a little breast milk). In no case should you force a child to eat everything without a trace - the main purpose of complementary feeding is not to feed the baby, but to introduce his body to adult foods, forming the right eating behavior and skills that will be needed in the future.

The child's body requires extremely careful monitoring in the first years of life. Huge role For the baby at this time, complementary foods play a role. Every mother should know how to properly enrich her child’s diet so as not to harm him. Next, the WHO complementary feeding scheme will be presented. She serves as the main assistant to parents in resolving issues related to the introduction of new products into the baby’s diet. In addition, we have to figure out exactly when to start feeding a newborn. You should immediately pay attention to the fact that this process individual for each child. Therefore, it is better to find out the exact feeding schedule from the pediatrician observing the baby.

About readiness

According to WHO, it should occur by approximately 6 months of life. Today on store shelves you can find baby food marked “3+” or “4+”. However, all of them must have a clarification written on them - it is not recommended to feed the baby until six months. This is due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract. Until the age of 6 months, a child does not produce all the enzymes necessary for digesting adult food. Until this point, it is better to limit yourself to only formula or breast milk.

Now it’s clear at what time to introduce complementary foods. Some pediatricians suggest introducing your baby to adult foods a little later - at 7-8 months. But nothing more. Why?

The thing is that at approximately 9-10 months the baby can get used to eating only liquid food. Then introducing solid foods will be very problematic. Therefore, you should not delay with enriching your diet.

By type of feeding

Today, pediatricians distinguish between several complementary feeding schemes. It all depends on how the newborn feeds. Exclusively breastfed babies typically try adult foods at around 6 months. And babies who were fed artificial formulas can become familiar with new foods at approximately 3-4 months. This is normal.

However, the WHO complementary feeding scheme, as noted, provides for the start of complementary feeding at six months. And not before. Until this time, it is possible to introduce your baby to new foods (with mixed or artificial feeding), but with extreme caution. In addition, only certain products are allowed to be used.

About the complementary feeding system

To date, WHO has developed only three types of complementary foods. It's about about vegetables, cereals and meat. What about fruit? Today WHO does not have any specific recommendations. Nevertheless, early introduction It is better to postpone fruit purees. It is preferable to introduce such products after vegetables and cereals.

First of all, this is due to the fact that until 8-9 months the child’s body will not be able to properly absorb raw fruits and juices. All the bacteria necessary for this will appear in the baby after eating cereals and vegetables.

In addition, if you believe some parents, then when introducing fruit puree before vegetable puree, problems may then begin. Vegetables are not as tasty as fruits. Accordingly, the child will simply refuse vegetable purees.

WHO does not consider kefir a complementary food, since it is not a solid food. But this does not mean that this product is excluded from children's diet. The WHO complementary feeding scheme includes kefir from approximately 8 months, but only as a additional food. But it is not recommended to give milk in any form before one year of age.

It should also be noted that any scheme for introducing complementary foods involves a systematic increase in portions. By the year, increase portions to 100-200 grams. The first dishes for a baby should be one-ingredient. New components should be introduced only after the child is completely accustomed to a particular product. This takes about a week.

Complementary feeding or feeding

It is also important to understand what complementary feeding is. Some people confuse this term with full feeding. It is safe to say that today it is customary to transfer babies to the “common table” by the age of 1 year. However, continuing breastfeeding longer is encouraged. A fully adult diet should be available by 3 years of age.

What is the process by which a baby gets acquainted with new food. According to WHO, this process is characterized by liquids or products in addition to breast milk or artificial mixture.

Accordingly, it is important to understand that complementary feeding does not replace primary feeding. But this process must be approached extremely carefully and cautiously. Every children's body individual. Therefore, even WHO recommendations on the introduction of complementary feeding cannot give a 100% guarantee that the child’s diet is formed correctly. Parents and pediatricians should monitor their baby's reaction to certain foods.

Sequence of administration

vegetable purees - 6 months;
porridge on water - 6.5-7 months;
yolk and fruit puree - 8 months;
- about 9 months;
meat puree, offal, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese - 9-10 months;
baby cookies, fish - 10 months;
juices - 10-12 months;
berry purees - 1 year;
meat broth - 12 months.

Vegetable or olive oil is introduced into the baby’s diet from 6 months along with porridge. You need to add 1 drop to the dish, eventually bringing the amount of oil to a teaspoon. Butter is introduced at 7 months - 1 gram. Next, the portion is increased to 10 grams.

Children who are on formula or mixed feeding must be fed according to similar principles. The only thing that is recommended to pay attention to is that it is better to start introducing adult food at 4-5 months, since mixtures do not enrich the body with a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals.

About porridges

Now a little about porridge. You can introduce them a little earlier than recommended. This technique is allowed when the baby is underweight. If his weight is less than the established norms, porridge can be introduced into complementary foods. But where to start?

It is important to pay attention to the fact that the first such complementary food should be dairy-free buckwheat porridge. In principle, it is allowed to feed children any baby cereal that does not contain milk.

This dish is prepared semi-liquid, in water. The consistency of the porridge should be uniform. This complementary food contains no salt, sugar or any other seasonings or spices. The very first porridges are prepared from cereal flour.

How to proceed? It is assumed that dairy-free buckwheat porridge comes first. Next: rice, corn, oatmeal and semolina. The latter porridge should be prepared for the baby no more than once a week, since it contains few useful substances, but a lot of gluten.

The first porridge is prepared as follows: 5 grams of cereal flour are poured with 100 milliliters of water. Grind the resulting dish. You can add a little vegetable or olive oil or breast milk.

And by 9 months, you can introduce porridge with several components that are already familiar to the baby. For example, with the addition of fruits or vegetables. Nestlé baby food is ideal for this idea. This manufacturer has a wide variety of cereals that will definitely enrich the baby’s body with useful substances.

About vegetables

Now a little about vegetable purees. Initially, they are prepared from only one vegetable. It is desirable that this be natural product, from your own garden or grown without nitrates and other chemicals. Frozen vegetables can be used, but they cannot be re-frozen.

To cook vegetables, you must use an oven or steamer. Vegetables are cooked in an enamel bowl in boiling water. Not much water is added. Vegetables are cooked under a closed lid.

How to properly introduce vegetable complementary foods? Table by month in in this case assumes the following order of new components: zucchini, cauliflower, pumpkin, potatoes, carrots, green pea, beet. All these components are administered during the first 6-9 months of the child’s life. By the age of one year, the baby is given: cucumbers, tomatoes, sweet peppers, white cabbage, eggplants.

Vegetable puree should be free of fibers and lumps. It is prohibited to add salt, sugar and spices to it. At the end of cooking, you can dilute the puree with 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil or breast milk.

Meat

As already mentioned, WHO standards for complementary feeding suggest introducing meat at 9 months. It is best to use lean meats for this. For example:

quail;
a rabbit;
turkey;
chicken.

Preparing puree requires special heat treatment. First, the meat, cleared of skin and bones, is dipped into cold water for 15 minutes. Next, the pieces are taken out, washed, and then boiled for about 1.5 hours in new, clean water.

Boiled meat must be removed and chopped. Pass the minced meat through a small sieve, then add to the resulting mass. vegetable oil or breast milk.

You can cook meatballs and cutlets when the child has teeth to chew food. It is best to combine porridge with meat. Meatballs can be added to soups. Up to a year, the baby needs to be given meat 3-4 times a week.

About feeding time

Now it’s clear where to start. In fact, this process, as already mentioned, is purely individual. But all the proposed recommendations help parents and doctors focus on introducing new products into the infant’s diet.

When is the best time to feed your baby? It's best to do this in morning time. This technique allows you to track your baby’s reaction to certain foods throughout the day. First, as already mentioned, it is necessary to give purees and cereals, and then saturate the baby with milk. Over time, complementary foods will replace the main diet. By the age of one year, the child will have formed certain taste preferences. After 12 months, it is recommended to gradually enrich the baby’s diet with new adult foods.

From now on, it is clear at what time to introduce complementary foods to infants. Please note that all of the listed standards and recommendations are not mandatory. These are just generally accepted tips that help to enrich your child’s diet with new products as correctly as possible.

A few words about vegetable feeding. Before cooking potatoes, you need to prepare them properly. This vegetable contains a large amount of starch. Therefore, before preparing potatoes for baby food need to get rid of excess harmful substance. To do this, the vegetable is washed well and then soaked in cool water for 1.5 hours.

You will have to remove the stalk from cabbage before cooking, and it is cooked only after removing the core.

Table

How can you schematically imagine complementary feeding? The monthly table may look like this:

It is recommended that all parents adhere to this schedule. Baby food Nestlé is ideal for complementary feeding. According to the manufacturers, it contains the maximum amount of minerals, vitamins and nutrients.

This complementary feeding scheme according to WHO is not exclusive. Regarding this topic, it is best to consult a pediatrician.