Theoretical foundations for the formation of patriotic feelings of younger students in the process of familiarization with folklore. Raising a sense of patriotism as the basis for the formation of personality

Congratulations on Defender of the Fatherland Day!

On the eve of February 23, Defender of the Fatherland Day, it's time to talk about the patriotic education of youth. What do the concepts of "patriot" and "patriotism" mean today, for example, for modern schoolchildren? The article contains the opinions of the guys themselves.

If for you such concepts as “patriot”, “patriotism”, “feeling of patriotism” are an empty phrase or cause irony, irritation, etc., try to think about such an unusual question: Is it profitable to be a patriot in our time?
This question is especially appropriate to ask schoolchildren, among whom there are many cynics, in order to set them up to think about a difficult topic. And you can do this on the eve of the class hour or any other event dedicated to fostering a sense of patriotism.

Such questions can attract the guys to a serious and constructive discussion. At first glance, the question seems rather strange, but it is precisely as a result of such an approach (as practice shows) that even a cynic can be forced to think and express his "considered" opinion on this matter.
It would be nice to arrange a competition for the best answer from the point of view of the guys to this strange question. Let everyone share their opinion.

Questions "What is the manifestation of patriotism?" And “Is it profitable to be a patriot in our time?” The students gave very interesting answers. After generalization and systematization, they look like this.

Patriotism manifests itself in respect for one's country, to her past, to the memory of her ancestors; in the interest in the history of their country, studying the experience of previous generations. And this leads to the clarification of the causes of many events, which in turn gives knowledge. Those who are armed with knowledge are protected from many failures and mistakes, do not waste time correcting them, go further and overtake in their development those who "step on the same rake."
Knowing your history, the experience of previous generations helps you navigate the world, calculate the consequences of your own actions, and feel confident. At all times, people relied on the experience of their predecessors. Without a historical past, neither the present nor the future is possible. According to many classics, "Oblivion of the past, historical oblivion is fraught with spiritual devastation both for an individual and for all people." It is the comprehension of the failures and mistakes of the historical past that leads to the achievements and merits of the present, helps to survive in difficult times. That's why it pays to be a patriot.

Patriotism is manifested in the ability value and protect your homeland, the desire to change it for the better, make it cleaner, kinder, more beautiful. Clean, repaired roads, for example, are nicer and more comfortable to walk on. Shoes last longer, less likely to fall. Much nicer to deal with decent people and not with boors and scoundrels. It is nice to enjoy the beauty of nature and human creations, which are not at all difficult to preserve.
If a person learns to ennoble himself and the territory surrounding him, life will become happier, psychological comfort will appear, which will allow him to spend his mental strength more efficiently, enjoy life and achieve a lot. That's why it pays to be a patriot.
True patriotism is manifested in the ability to be a moral person, creating beauty and goodness around him.

be loyal and devoted to his country, his cause, his family, his views and ideas, his dream. A patriot does not shout at every corner about his passionate love for the motherland, he silently does his job well, remains true to his principles, ideals and universal values. Thus, he really helps not only his country, but also himself. A person who studied hard, gaining knowledge, and as a result of this received Good work, became socially active, built his future, created a full-fledged family, honestly works - he did much more for his country than the one who walks around with slogans, chants for patriotism and verbally defends the prestige of his country.
People who do not have a sense of patriotism have no future. They will destroy themselves, because they do not develop and do not have a strong “core”. This is the law of life. Patriotism is needed for personal development, for survival. That's why it pays to be a patriot.

Patriotism is manifested in the ability be proud of your country, defend its values, primarily freedom and independence, honor and preserve centuries-old traditions. Traditions are the backbone of any nation. A person, people, country - one who abandons his traditions, his national values and shrines, risks losing his “roots” in history, his freedom and independence, as sooner or later he will begin to live in the space of traditions, ideals and values of other nations . Where the cultural and historical past of the country is forgotten, the moral decay of the nation invariably begins.
In order for a country to develop independently, it is necessary to protect and defend traditions, territory, culture, language, and beliefs. This can be done by those who competently builds its relationship with the country in which he lives and for whose benefit he works. Thus, there is a formation of the Citizen of the country. A person is engaged in self-knowledge and the search for his place in the country, life. A person, as a citizen of his country, develops a sense of responsibility for his actions, for loyalty to ideals and the preservation of his own traditions and values. And this educates the personality, makes it more perfect. That's why it pays to be a patriot.

Patriotism is manifested in the ability feel elevated feelings to his own country, to its nature, culture. These feelings are manifested in experiences, involvement, emotional responses to ongoing events. Patriotism as a feeling of love for the Motherland, readiness to serve its ideals can be attributed to the highest feelings, ranked as spiritual values. The feeling of patriotism makes a person active, ready to defend the values dear to his heart. The feeling of patriotism, like other bright feelings, is necessary condition development and formation of a person as a person. After all, the formation of feelings goes through the comprehension and development of certain values of society, as well as through the creative discovery of new values by a person. There is a spiritual perfection of the personality. That's why it pays to be a patriot.

And here is the opinion expressed in his author's work by the participant of our contest "I am a writer" Andrey Semin from Nizhny Novgorod, a student of 10 "A" class of secondary school No. 45. Here is an excerpt from the author's essay "Patriotism".

Patriotism! A feeling that any self-respecting person should have. Feeling of pride and empathy for your country, your country, together with your country. And it seems to me that the more a person loves his Motherland, is ready to give his life for it, to kill the enemy for the good of his Motherland in a treacherous attack or a daring sortie into its camp, the more a person receives spiritual strength, moral impressions, direct contact with culture, history and heart of their homeland. It also seems to me that today a person not only can, but must, with all his means of soul and body, praise his Motherland. After all, it is she, the Motherland, who gives life. After all, it is she, the Motherland, that makes it possible to express herself.
You always need to be active, inquisitive towards the riches of the holy Russian land. You need to prove yourself as a citizen, as a patriot - this is not just important. It's necessary.
Russia. How much of this word. Rich history and great culture, bloody wars and revolutions and exploits of the Russian people. So many people died with this great word on their lips. We live in a great country with rich historical experience. And it is no coincidence that many poets and writers reflected on the fate of their homeland. And if I happened to see Nikolai Vasilyevich now, then I would answer his question “Rus, where are you rushing to?” answered the following: “To that distance, where light and life tremble, and where only the mind speaks with the soul.”

I really want everyone to understand the following: Patriotism as a political, social and moral principle reflects the attitude of a person (citizen) to his country. This attitude is manifested in concern for the interests of one's fatherland, in readiness for self-sacrifice for it, in loyalty and devotion to one's country, in pride in its social and cultural achievements, in sympathy for the suffering of one's people and in condemnation of the social vices of society, in respect for the historical past. his country and the traditions inherited from it, in readiness to subordinate his interests to the interests of the country, in an effort to defend his country, his people. A patriot is one who conscientiously works for the good of his country and encourages others to do this, who helps his fellow citizens to improve. If you don't care about others, you run the risk of being alone."

Let's think and answer the following questions:

Why has the “degree” of patriotism been greatly reduced in recent decades? And it certainly affects all aspects of our life, including sports, which is well proven by the “successes” of our team in Vancouver.
What are the similarities and differences between the concepts of "patriot" and "citizen"?
What is and how should the patriotism of a schoolchild be manifested?

Dear students!

Do you agree with the thesis that Is it vital to be a patriot?
Please answer in the comments to the question: “Which of the two groups presented in our article

admin

Patriotism is the highest moral feeling. Expressed in sincere love to the Motherland, its people, family and loved ones. Over the past centuries, true patriots have proved to the whole world the purity of self-consciousness in this aspect. In the history of the people, the actions caused by the patriotic idea are reflected as self-sacrifices for the good of society. The character of a patriot is unshakable and firm.

Positive moral character traits are shaped by society and human behavior. Education, historical literacy and spiritual values influence the formation of patriotism.

Three components of this feeling:

mentality.
The history of the people, the country.
Accurate knowledge of national rituals, culture and language.

Since ancient times, the idea of patriotism has been interpreted as an inexplicable generalized behavior based on moral concepts.

Positive feeling of patriotism

A positive sense of patriotism of a person is associated with the state, nationality and region.

Speaking about the positive in the feeling of patriotism, it is worth noting that the scale of this moral foundation is different. At the level of an entire state, real patriotism is not possible without a cohesive, just society. It is obliged to know that the future lies with it, the fate of the motherland and the upbringing of the young generation.

People's love for the country is not in statements, patronage and observance of all laws. This is an interest in folklore, the leading religion and personalities who have changed the lives of everyone for the better.

On the example of world wars connected with the Russian Empire. You can clearly see the solidarity of real citizens. It is positive feelings that give such a result. And the position in society becomes unimportant when there are military actions of a protracted nature. People who understand everything without words on a subconscious level become one big family. Where respect for age is held in high esteem, the upbringing of a strong young generation.

A good level of patriotism is set in higher military educational institutions. The officer elite of any country without honor and respect for the history of the state does not make sense.

A simple person who works for the good of his native land, without a positive sense of patriotism, is not capable of good deeds. Such a state is determined to civil patriotism. A correct society, brought up on traditions, gives a chance to pass on knowledge through generations, to preserve the purity and nobility of the nation. There is nothing to be done in labor, craft and science without a good moral school.

It is necessary to cultivate a positive attitude in a person as early as possible. Educational systems have been created for this. They provide the basis for strong-willed patriotic thinking. With age, despite the economic situation in a suitable region, sane patriots do not look for a better share on the side. This is a somewhat cowardly stage for them.

The feeling of patriotism, as one of the brightest in life, contains feelings of a moral nature. That is, changing his native region, country for a more comfortable standard of living, a person leaves spirituality in relation to nature and people as a "bargaining chip". In an age of financial values, this is not of sufficient importance to a large circle of people interested in an imposed culture. However, not knowing the native speech, one cannot feel someone else's. Societies that do not accept everyone who strives for a better lot at the expense of others will retain only a positive and real attitude towards patriotism for their descendants.

Negative feeling of patriotism

This feeling is called anti-patriotism. The opposite of a noble, settled feeling is complete.

It can be caused by the reaction of a person or society to a change in the conditions of existence. Economic consequences, migration or emigration. When a person enters an unusual, unstable society negative feeling patriotism stems from the rejection of the culture of a foreign community.

There is often a complete denial of spiritual native values. In this case, traditions, culture of speech and attitudes towards society are negative. A person, a group of people deny the moral values given by their relatives and with maximalism promote the foundations that are comfortable, fashionable at the moment.

IN modern history the substitution of the values of Russian society for cosmopolitanism is clearly seen. In this historical cycle, it was clearly shown how the anti-religious, propagandistic rudiments of reason are awakening. People voluntarily-compulsorily gave up their families, property devoted themselves to false intentions. Such behavior among the masses of people is caused not only by anti-patriotism, but also by the denial of spiritual feelings. The humanity of society in relation to others in this form is minimal. It is established not on a fair perception, but on the propaganda mood of certain sections of society.

A fairly large level of negativity in counter-patriotism. This feeling is based on the ideal representation of the native country, the common nation. It is also mistakenly called nationalism. In fact, nationalism does not provoke action against other nationalities. On the contrary, relying on culture, foundations and spirituality, it carries love only for its homeland and moral values.

Outcome

Subconsciously, each person has a civil position, which is worth supporting as a personal opinion on the issue of love for one's neighbor. For a positive key in relationships between people in society, be sincere with yourself and loved ones. A true patriot does not promote his ideals. He demonstrates by personal example how to treat the homeland, religion and traditions. Observing this, any society will earn respect!

March 30, 2014

Encyclopedic YouTube

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The historical source of patriotism is the fixed existence of separate states for centuries and millennia, which forms attachment to their native land, language, and traditions. In the context of the formation of nations and the formation of national states, patriotism becomes an integral part of public consciousness in the 18th century, reflecting national moments in its development.
Attributing patriotic feelings to other persons, and patriotic overtones to some events, the evaluating person thereby most often gives a positive characteristic.
Ideas about patriotism are associated with love for the motherland, but different people have different ideas about the essence of patriotism. For this reason, some people consider themselves patriots, while others do not consider themselves as such.
In the history of patriotism, as special feeling called various phenomena in social relations. Often replacing the understanding of love for the motherland, for example, with love for the state, etc. This is how the terms appeared:

The Genesis of the Ideas of Patriotism

The concept itself had a different content and was understood in different ways. In antiquity, the term patria ("homeland") was applied to the native city-state, but not to wider communities (such as Hellas, Italy); thus, the term patriota meant an adherent of his city-state, although, for example, a feeling of general Greek patriotism existed at least since the time of the Greco-Persian wars, and in the works of Roman writers of the era of the early Empire one can see a peculiar feeling of Italian patriotism [ ] .
Imperial Rome, in turn, saw Christianity as a threat to imperial patriotism. Despite the fact that Christians preached obedience to the authorities and prayed for the well-being of the empire, they refused to take part in imperial cults, which, according to the emperors, should contribute to the growth of imperial patriotism [ ] .
The preaching of Christianity about the heavenly homeland and the idea of the Christian community as a special "people of God" raised doubts about the loyalty of Christians to the earthly fatherland.
But later in the Roman Empire there was a rethinking of the political role of Christianity. After the adoption of Christianity by the Roman Empire, it began to use Christianity to strengthen the unity of the empire, counteract local nationalism and local paganism, forming ideas about the Christian empire as the earthly homeland of all Christians.
In the Middle Ages, when loyalty to the civil collective gave way to loyalty to the monarch, the term lost its relevance and acquired it again in modern times [ ] .
In the era of the American and French bourgeois revolutions, the concept of "patriotism" was identical to the concept of "nationalism", with a political (non-ethnic) understanding of the nation; for this reason, in France and America at that time, the concept of "patriot" was synonymous with the concept of "revolutionary". The symbols of this revolutionary patriotism are the Declaration of Independence and the Marseillaise. With the advent of the concept of "nationalism", patriotism began to be opposed to nationalism, as a commitment to the country (territory and state) - commitment to the human community (nation) [ ] . However, often these concepts act as synonyms or close in meaning.
Ideas for the synthesis of patriotism and cosmopolitanism
Patriotism is often opposed to cosmopolitanism, as an ideology of global citizenship and "homeland-world", in which "attachment to one's people and Fatherland seems to lose all interest from the point of view of universal ideas" . In particular, such opposition in the USSR during Stalin's time led to a struggle with "rootless" cosmopolitans.
On the other hand, there are ideas of synthesis of cosmopolitanism and patriotism, in which the interests of the homeland and the world, one's people and humanity are understood as subordinate, as the interests of the part and the whole, with the unconditional priority of universal human interests. Thus, the English writer and Christian thinker Clive Staples Lewis wrote: “patriotism is a good quality, much better than the selfishness inherent in an individualist, but universal brotherly love is higher than patriotism, and if they come into conflict with each other, then brotherly love should be preferred”. The modern German philosopher M. Riedel already finds such an approach in Immanuel Kant. Contrary to the neo-Kantians, who focus on the universalist content of Kant's ethics and his idea of creating a world republic and a universal legal and political order, M. Riedel believes that Kant's patriotism and cosmopolitanism are not opposed to each other, but mutually agreed, and Kant sees both in patriotism, so in cosmopolitanism manifestations of love. According to M. Riedel, Kant, in contrast to the universalist cosmopolitanism of the Enlightenment, emphasizes that a person, in accordance with the idea of world citizenship, is involved in both the fatherland and the world, believing that a person, as a citizen of the world and the earth, is a true “cosmopolitan”, in order to “promote the good of everything of the world, must have an inclination to be attached to his country.
In pre-revolutionary Russia, this idea was defended by Vladimir Solovyov, arguing with the neo-Slavophile theory of self-sufficient "cultural-historical types". In an article on cosmopolitanism in the ESBE, Solovyov argued: “just as love for the fatherland does not necessarily contradict attachment to closer social groups, for example, to his family, so devotion to universal interests does not exclude patriotism. The question is only in the final or highest standard for evaluating this or that moral interest; and, no doubt, the decisive advantage here must belong to the good of the whole of mankind, as including the true good of each part.. On the other hand, Solovyov saw the prospects for patriotism as follows: Idolatry in relation to one's own people, being associated with actual enmity towards strangers, is thereby doomed to inevitable death. (...) Everywhere, consciousness and life are preparing for the assimilation of a new, true idea of patriotism, derived from the essence of the Christian principle: "by virtue of natural love and moral duties to his fatherland to consider its interest and dignity mainly in those higher blessings that do not divide, but unite people and peoples ” .

City on the high bank of the river in perpetual motion. He "floats" past the river. And this is also the feeling of native open spaces inherent in Rus'.
A country is a unity of people, nature and culture.
Nature, spring, homeland, just kindness, 1984

A. A. Terentiev, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor of the National State Pedagogical University, in his work “Islam and the Problems of Nationalism and Patriotism” points out:

Patriotic behavior involves earnest, conscientious service common interests people, merging with the native people in spirit and body, bringing national conciliar interests to the fore and solving together with them their own private ones, without opposing them to each other. Patriotism is formed, developed, developed at the same time as the tradition and rule of public life in solving the common problems of the ethnos, while serving people more significant than private, common interest.
Islam and the Problems of Nationalism and Patriotism, 2011

Patriotism and religious teachings

Christianity

Early Christianity The consistent universalism and cosmopolitanism of early Christianity, its preaching of a heavenly homeland as opposed to earthly fatherlands, and the notion of the Christian community as a special "people of God" undermined the very foundations of polis patriotism. Christianity denied any differences not only between the peoples of the empire, but also between the Romans and the "barbarians". The Apostle Paul taught: “If you have risen with Christ, then seek the things above (…) putting on the new<человека>where there is no Greek, no Jew, no circumcision, no uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free, but Christ is everything and in everything "(Colossians 3:11). However, an interpretation of this passage loyal to patriotism was offered by the famous Orthodox missionary Protodeacon Andrey Kuraev: in a parallel, earlier passage of Scripture, the same Apostle Paul says: "For you are all sons of God by faith in Christ Jesus; all of you, in Christ those who have been baptized have put on Christ: there is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female: for you are all one in Christ Jesus" (Galatians 3:27-28). Thus, the fact that differences between people, national and sexual, disappear in Christ does not mean that they disappear between people in earthly life, otherwise the same Apostle Paul would not have emphasized gender differences in a whole series of epistles.
According to the apologetic Epistle to Diognetus attributed to Justin Martyr, “They (Christians) live in their own country, but as strangers (…). For them, every foreign country is a fatherland, and every fatherland is a foreign country. (...) They are on earth, but they are citizens of heaven " The French historian Ernest Renan formulated the position of the early Christians as follows: “The Church is the homeland of the Christian, as the synagogue is the homeland of the Jew; Christian and Jew live in every country as strangers. A Christian hardly recognizes a father or mother. He owes nothing to the empire (…) The Christian does not rejoice in the victories of the empire; he considers public disasters to be the fulfillment of prophecies dooming the world to destruction from barbarians and fire. .

Patriotism is undoubtedly relevant. This is the feeling that makes the people and every person responsible for the life of the country. Without patriotism there is no such responsibility. If I do not think about my people, then I have no home, no roots. Because the house is not only comfort, it is also the responsibility for the order in it, it is the responsibility for the children who live in this house. A person without patriotism, in fact, does not have his own country. And a "man of the world" is the same as a homeless person.
Recall the gospel parable of the prodigal son. The young man left home, and then returned, and his father forgave him, accepted him with love. Usually in this parable they pay attention to how the father acted when he accepted prodigal son. But we must not forget that the son, having wandered around the world, returned to his home, because it is impossible for a person to live without his foundations and roots.
<…>It seems to me that the feeling of love for one's own people is as natural to a person as the feeling of love for God. It can be distorted. And humanity throughout its history has more than once distorted the feeling invested by God. But it is.
And here is another very important thing. The feeling of patriotism should in no case be confused with a feeling of hostility towards other peoples. Patriotism in this sense is consonant with Orthodoxy. One of the most important commandments of Christianity: do not do to others what you do not want them to do to you. Or, as it sounds in the Orthodox doctrine in the words of Seraphim of Sarov: save yourself, acquire a peaceful spirit, and thousands around you will be saved. The same patriotism. Do not destroy in others, but build in yourself. Then others will treat you with respect. I think that today this is the main task of patriots in our country: the creation of our own country.

The well-known Orthodox missionary Archpriest Oleg Stenyaev finds grounds for Christian patriotism in the words of Scripture about the "limits of habitation" established by God for the nations (Acts 17:26).
The "Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church" says about the ethnic and civic dimension of Christian patriotism: "Christian patriotism is simultaneously manifested in relation to the nation as an ethnic community and as a community of citizens of the state. An Orthodox Christian is called to love his fatherland, which has a territorial dimension, and his brothers by blood, living all over the world. Such love is one of the ways of fulfilling the commandment of God about love for one's neighbor, which includes love for one's family, fellow tribesmen and fellow citizens.
On the other hand, according to [ the significance of the fact? ] of the Orthodox theologian hegumen Peter (Meshcherinov), love for the earthly homeland is not something that expresses the essence of Christian teaching and is mandatory for a Christian. However, the church, at the same time, finding its historical existence on earth, is not an opponent of patriotism, as a healthy and natural feeling of love. At the same time, however, she “does not perceive any natural feeling as a moral given, for a person is a fallen being, and a feeling, even such as love, left to itself, does not leave the state of fall, but in a religious aspect leads to paganism.” Therefore, "patriotism has dignity from a Christian point of view and receives an ecclesiastical meaning if and only if love for the motherland is an active implementation of God's commandments in relation to it."
The modern Christian publicist Dmitry Talantsev believes [ the significance of the fact? ] Patriotism is an anti-Christian heresy. In his opinion, patriotism puts the motherland in the place of God, while "the Christian worldview implies the fight against evil, the upholding of the truth, completely regardless of where, in which country this evil occurs and a departure from the truth."
In the Gospel of John, chapter 15, verses 12 and 13: “This is my commandment, that you love one another, as you love more. These words of Jesus Christ should be interpreted as follows: “so that you love each other so much that you are ready to die for each other, because I also loved you so that further I die for you. There is no longer that love that is so great that the lover sacrifices his soul for friends, as I do now.

Patriotism in states

USSR

After 1917 and until the mid-1930s in the USSR, the concept of "patriotism" was of a sharply negative character. The concept of "patriot" was related to such concepts as "bourgeois", or "unfinished contra". At that time, not only individual high-ranking party leaders adhered to such an attitude towards patriotism and patriots, these views were also professed en masse. The persecution of patriotic views found the widest expression in literature, art, science, especially history and education. One of the brightest representatives of this trend was the historian M. N. Pokrovsky. The need to destroy patriotic views in society was explained by the fact that it was patriotism that was a serious ideological obstacle to the creation of a world proletarian state. The idea was promoted that true patriotism is class (proletarian) or international patriotism, which implies the unity of the proletarians of the whole world, regardless of their nationality or state affiliation. And traditional, national patriotism, usually called national patriotism, was declared harmful or even hostile to the cause of the world revolution.
In the late 1960s and early 1980s, in a number of social sciences, especially in philosophical ones, the point of view was significantly developed, according to which patriotism was studied as a phenomenon of social consciousness. Approximately from the mid-80s, the tendency to comprehend patriotism as one of the phenomena of the spiritual life of society began to prevail. In some studies, patriotism was studied in the context of the development of national history, as a manifestation of specific features of the mentality, the psyche of various communities, etc.

Great Britain
1. Love for home; to old friends, to familiar faces, to familiar sights, smells and sounds.
2. A special relationship to the past of their country.
3. A rude belief that one's own country or one's people is really the best.
4. Your own nation is so much better than everyone else that it is simply obliged to rule over everyone.
Russia

According to polls, more and more Russians consider themselves patriots - 69% according to the Levada Center (2013), more than 80% according to the VTsIOM (2014). An example of the rise of patriotic sentiment in society was the holding Olympic Games, the annexation of Crimea, the anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
The formation of patriotism of preschool children and schoolchildren is carried out through the conduct of systems of patriotic competitions, socio-political, national and cultural, public holidays through the work of children's military-patriotic public organizations.
The formation of patriotic feelings of student youth in Russia is carried out within the framework of thematic competitions, as well as through the implementation of specialized shifts within the framework of the All-Russian educational forums "Mashuk", "Seliger", "Tavrida", "Territory of Meanings" on Klyazma", "Swallow", "APR ”, “Biryusa”, “Baltic Artek”, “I-Volga”.
They conduct their activities financed from the state budget (FGBU "Rosvoencenter" and FGBU "Rospatriottsentr"), focused on patriotic work with all age groups.
Public organizations of Russia have been implementing public projects for several years: Pride of Russia, Immortal Regiment, Feat of the People in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, Volunteers70, Russian Military Historical Society, Search Movement of Russia, My Country - My Russia, Peoples' Assembly Russia
In stock " Immortal Regiment” in 2015, 13% of young people aged 18 to 24 took part.
An indicator of the state's interest in the patriotic education of citizens is the presence legal documents, regulating and supporting the work of state and public organizations for the formation of patriotism:
Documents regulating patriotic education in Russia:

federal laws
- Federal Law No. 5-FZ of January 12, 1995 “On Veterans” (as amended and supplemented, effective from January 1, 2016).
- Federal Law No. 53-FZ of March 28, 1998 (as amended on October 5, 2015) “On Conscription and military service».
- Federal Law No. 32-FZ of March 13, 1995 (as amended on December 1, 2014) “On the Days of Military Glory and anniversaries Russia".
- Federal constitutional law on the state emblem of the Russian Federation.
- Federal constitutional law on the national anthem of the Russian Federation.
- Federal constitutional law on the state flag of the Russian Federation.
- Federal Law No. 80-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On Perpetuating the Victory of the Soviet People in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” (as amended and supplemented in 2014).
- Federal Law No. 8-FZ of January 12, 1996 (as amended on November 28, 2015, as amended on December 14, 2015) “On Burial and Funeral Business.”
- Law of the Russian Federation of January 14, 1993 N 4292-1 "On perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland" (as amended and supplemented in 2013).
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 22, 2006 N 37 "Issues of perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland."
Government Decrees
- Decree "On approval of the Regulations on the activities of an organization authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to implement intergovernmental agreements on military burials."
- Decree "On approval of the regulation on the preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service."
- Resolution "On military-patriotic youth and children's associations".
- Decree "Issues of the Interdepartmental Commission for the preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service."
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 3, 2010 N 134-r "The concept of the federal system for preparing citizens of the Russian Federation for military service for the period until 2020."
- State program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2016-2020".
- Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of February 24, 2010 N 96/134 "On the approval of the Instructions" on the organization of training of citizens of the Russian Federation in the initial basics military service in educational institutions secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions primary professional and secondary professional education and educational points”
Japan

In the middle of the 20th century, the formation of patriotism in Japan was assigned to the National Defense Administration (UNO) (after January 9, 2007, the Ministry of Defense of Japan). The education of patriotism was based on the traditional Japanese moral canons, militarism, nationalism [ ] .

Criticism of patriotism

Notes
1. Ethnopsychological dictionary. - M.: MPSI. V. G. KRISKO. 1999. "Patriotism"
2. Patriotism / M. M. Skibitsky // Otomi - Plaster. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - (Big Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov; 1969-1978, v. 19).
3. Sociological encyclopedia. In 2 vols. T. 1. M .: Thought, 2003. S. 164.
4. in Brockhaus and Efron contains words about P. as a moral virtue.
5. An example of public opinion polls shows that the majority of respondents support patriotic slogans.
6. Ksenia Larina; Viktor Erofeev, Alexey Chadayev. Culture shock: is Russian patriotism a destructive or creative force? (indefinite) . Radio "Echo Moscow" (August 30, 2008). Retrieved 21 July 2014.
7. A selection of materials on the topic of patriotism on the VTsIOM website.
8. An example of the interpretation of patriotism: “Archpriest Dimitry Smirnov: “Patriotism is love for one’s own country, and not hatred for a stranger” - Interview with Archpriest Dimitry Smirnov of the Russian Orthodox Church to Boris Klin, Izvestia newspaper, 12 September . Among the theses of the interviewee: patriotism is not related to the attitude of a person to the policy of the state, patriotism cannot mean hatred for someone else, patriotism is cultivated with the help of religion, etc.
9. Information material of VTsIOM. 2006 public opinion poll report on Russian patriotism. In this report, there is no common perception of society about patriotism and patriots.
10. Explanatory dictionary of social science terms. N. E. Yatsenko. 1999
11. Semiosis urban patriotism: experience understanding theory and practice (indefinite) . Bulletin of the Ryazan State University. S.A. Yesenin. Retrieved July 9, 2016. Archived from the original on July 9, 2016.
12. Humanitarian Yearbook (unavailable link) Retrieved 21 July 2014.
13. A. Makhlayuk. ROMAN PATRIOTISM AND CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE EMPIRE AGE
14. Georgy Kurbatov. Evolution of the polis ideology, spiritual and cultural life city (indefinite) . Retrieved November 12, 2012. Archived from the original November 19, 2012.
15. // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. , 1907-1909.
16. "cosmopolitans". Electronic Jewish encyclopedia (unavailable link) Retrieved 21 July 2014.
17. Political magazine - THE ISSUE - Is possible alternative for Pax Americana?
18. Universalism human rights and patriotism (Riedel M.) (indefinite) . "Digital library in Philosophy." Retrieved July 21, 2014.
19. Mezhuev, Boris Creation cosmopolis (indefinite) . Magazine "POLIS". Retrieved 21 July 2014.
20. // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
21. “Nature, spring, homeland, just kindness”
22. Islam and problems nationalism and patriotism
23. Ideas early Christianity (unavailable link) Retrieved 21 July 2014.
One of the main problems of modern Russian society is disunity. Patriotic feelings of Russians in modern conditions can act as rallies for Russian society. The essence is manifested in the willingness to sacrifice one's own interests for the sake of the interests of the Motherland.
Basically, people are now motivated for their own personal goals. This position, it seems, can be explained by the lack of national idea, public goal, strategic course. The absence of an idea cementing Russian society leads to its social, national, and religious stratification. Overcoming the current situation on the basis of a recreated, anti-state one will never lead to the exaltation of Russia.
Ideology, whatever it may be, is not able to rally people to belong to the nation; it unites on a political, party basis. The ideologized feeling of patriotism is a feeling of love for the party, which in every possible way contradicts not only the purpose of patriotism, but also its generally accepted understanding as love for the motherland. An indicator of the level of patriotism can be considered the desire to leave Russia. The majority of Russians, 78%, are satisfied that they were born in Russia, and if they could choose, they would choose it. But at the same time, moving to a permanent place of residence in another country is considered normal or acceptable by 62% of Russians. This confirms the passive patriotic position: a feeling of love for the Motherland and pride in belonging to one's own nation. The need for the practical manifestation of these feelings, according to statistics, is experienced only by 2-7% of Russians.
Why is this happening? To a greater extent, in our opinion, this situation associated with an increase in individualistic feelings and a decrease in collectivism. And also today's bureaucratized and corrupt system of power leaves less and less opportunity for Russians to influence the situation in the country, which results in the desire for personal improvement, and not social improvement. The defense capability of the state is an indicator of patriotism as the readiness of citizens to defend their homeland. Today, only about 40% of high school students are ready to join the Armed Forces in order to defend their Fatherland.
The rest, if they do not try to evade military service, either have not decided, or have firmly decided not to join the army under any circumstances. The current state of modern Russian Army will change little, as we believe, its transition to a contractual basis.
A professional army is not an army on a contract basis, since it is impossible to buy patriotic feelings, and professionalism in the matter of serving for the benefit of the Fatherland cannot be considered outside of patriotism. Protecting the Fatherland is the duty of every patriot. Naturally, a competent reconstruction of the conditions of army service is necessary.
Most young people learn about the situation in the Army from the media, which also plays a role in the emergence of a negative attitude towards service. Factors in the formation of patriotism The strength of patriotism is manifested in specific historical conditions, and the very patriotic consciousness is brought up over the centuries. Patriotism provides not only knowledge of the history of one's country, but also pride in the past of one's Motherland, but what do we see today? In modern Russia, to a greater extent, they speak negatively about its Soviet past, publicizing only the blunders of the Union period, but completely ignoring all the cultural heritage, scientific achievements of the past era.
This propaganda, which, quite naturally, does not allow the formation of patriotic consciousness. Thus, modern media, as a factor in the formation of public opinion, today are anti-patriotic, if not anti-Russian, in nature. The foreign policy of the state is significant for maintaining the patriotic mood of citizens.
Russia has historically acted as a military-invincible country - a liberator. The current authority of the Russian Federation on the world stage does not allow us to maintain this status. The internal political situation under the prism of patriotism is contradictory: on the one hand, the patriotic mood of Russians, and on the other, the low standard of living. The situation in the country today is such that nothing guarantees a prosperous future, confidence in the future.
The presence of social and legal insecurity, economic instability also have a negative impact on the level of patriotic feelings. The achievements of compatriots in various sports competitions have a special influence on the patriotic mood of Russians. Thus, while watching the course of the Turin Olympiad in 2006, 80% of Russians experienced positive emotions: pride and patriotism (47%), interest (33%). This statistics once again proves that we are used to seeing Russia as a winner, only in this case we can talk about the high patriotism of citizens. Conclusion. 83% of Russians consider themselves patriots, 10% are not ready to call themselves patriots. To be a patriot for 67% of the population of Russia means to love their Motherland, for 32% - to work for the good of their country, for the sake of its prosperity, for 30% - to strive to change the state of affairs in the country for the better, for 27% - to defend their country from any attacks and accusations.
But the manifestation of patriotism today is considered by the majority only as a feeling of love for the Motherland, which, to a lesser extent, is fraught with an activity aspect. The lack of desire to act for the good of one's Motherland, even in the presence of boundless love for it, is not true patriotism. Patriotism as a manifestation of love for the Motherland, involvement in its history, culture, pride in the past, readiness for service and self-sacrifice for the sake of its bright future must be nurtured from childhood.
The patriotic education of Russians today is especially important in connection with the prevailing historical conditions: the collapse of the USSR entailed not only open territorial borders, but also an abundance of information; the formation of a market economy; historical multinationality; spread of mass culture. The most correct, in our opinion, is to consider patriotism as a feeling of love for the Motherland, characterized by a critical view of its reality and activities for the good of one's Fatherland.
Literature 1. Pischulin N.P. Patriotism - in the mirror of sociology / / Government - city - people: informational - analytical collection. - 2003. - No. 3 (164).
2. Lutovinov V.I. Russian patriotism: history and modernity / / Russian society. - 2006. - No. 17.
3.www. wciom. ru (All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion).
Sokolova Olga Igorevna student Russian State Social University

Consultation for teachers.

Patriotic feelings as a component of moral education.

Patriotic education today is one of the most important links in the system educational work. The answer to the question "what is patriotism?" V different times tried to give many famous people of our country. So, S.I. Ozhegov defined patriotism as... devotion and love for one's fatherland and one's people." G. Baklanov wrote that this is "... not valor, not a profession, but a natural human feeling"

Patriotic education is one of the urgent problems of our time. Huge changes have taken place in our country last years. Fundamentally new approaches to understanding the content and technologies of patriotic education of preschool children have emerged.

Modern children they know little about their native city, country; features of folk traditions; often indifferent to close people, including group mates; rarely sympathize with someone else's grief; obviously insufficient is the work with parents on the problem of moral and patriotic education in the family.

A preschool institution, as the initial link in the education system of the Russian Federation, should solve the problems of moral and patriotic education of preschool children, therefore: On October 30-31, 2008, the All-Russian Conference on the topic “Psychological and pedagogical aspects of patriotic education of preschool children” was held at Togliatti State University. During the conference, the main blocks of knowledge that need to be given to preschoolers were identified:

Knowledge about yourself, your family, clan;

Knowledge about people living in our country.

Knowledge about people of different nationalities, which are of particular importance for the formation of tolerance;

Knowledge about your region, city, its sights, its natural environment;

Basic knowledge of human rights;

Knowledge about Russian traditions and trades;

Knowledge about Russia and its capital;

Acquaintance with the symbols of the state (coat of arms, flag, anthem);

Knowledge about other countries of the world, about the planet Earth on which we live.

Knowledge enriches the feeling of the child, he begins to appreciate what he learns more about. It is important that the child learns to empathize with relatives, comrades, to rejoice in their success, so that such qualities as affection, mercy appear in his soul, so that he gains experience of their realization in the environment in which he constantly lives. And this will subsequently grow "patriotic feeling."

The upbringing of patriotic feelings in preschool children is one of the tasks of moral education, which includes the upbringing of love for loved ones, for kindergarten, for their hometown, for home country. Patriotic feelings are laid in the process of life and being of a person who is within a specific socio-cultural environment.

Naturally, the developing feelings of attachment to fatherly values become the subject of reflection in the process of purposeful patriotic education, where convictions and a willingness to act accordingly are formed on their basis. This is patriotic education as a system of purposeful influence.

It is difficult to overestimate in this regard the purposeful work with children, which can be carried out in a preschool institution, on the initial formation of feelings of patriotism in interaction with the family.

Moral and patriotic education can be called one of the most difficult areas for a number of reasons:

1. Features of preschool age.

2. The multidimensionality of the concept of "patriotism" in the modern world.

3. Lack of concept, theoretical and methodological developments (characteristic feature many studies is to address only certain aspects of the problem).

Currently, there is a lot of methodological literature on this issue. However, it covers only some aspects of the moral and patriotic education of children in certain types of activity; there is no stable system that reflects the fullness of this issue. Apparently, this is natural, since the feeling of patriotism is multifaceted in content. This is love for their native places, pride in their people, and a sense of their inseparability with the whole world around them, the desire to preserve and increase the wealth of their homeland.

Preschool institutions, as the initial link in the education system, should solve the problems of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers, it is teachers who organize the process of forming civil and patriotic feelings through interaction with children and parents.

aim moral - patriotic education is: the formation of spirituality, moral - patriotic feelings in preschool children.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to solve the followingtasks:

To bring up in a child love and affection for his family, home, kindergarten, street, city, homeland;

Form ideas about your city;

To form a careful attitude towards nature and all living things;

Develop interest in Russian traditions and crafts;

To form elementary knowledge about human rights;

To form a sense of responsibility and pride for the achievements of the Motherland;

Expand ideas about Russia as a native country, about Moscow as the capital of Russia;

Introduce children to the symbols of the state (coat of arms, flag, anthem).

The task of the teacher is to select from the mass of impressions received by the child, those that are most accessible to him.

The main methods and forms of work on moral and patriotic education.

The main form of work - cognitive activities. It is important that they increase children's mental activity.

Games - travel, creative games, games - competitions, Mind games, didactic games, dramatization games.

Excursions (natural history, domestic - to the laundry, to the medical office, to the kitchen, to the post office).

Holidays (on the day of March 8, on the day of Defender of the Fatherland, on Victory Day, etc.)

Entertainment.

Productive activities (making collages, crafts, albums, thematic drawing of an exhibition of drawings, etc.), for example, on the topic “My family”, we made an exhibition of drawings “Portrait of my family” and timed to coincide with the holiday.

Reading poetry, stories

Exhibition photo.

Physical culture leisure(“I will serve in the army, I will love the Motherland”).

Consultation for kindergarten teachers on patriotic education.

“I love you my native land!”

Target: educating the younger generation to love their native land.

Tasks : Create conditions for children to show love for their native land, respect for the traditions of their people and working people; education in children of tolerance.

Everyone has their own homeland.

From the first steps to the last breath.

From the first roads to the last takeoff.

From the first rays to sunset.

Remember, Motherland is sacred!

L.G. Pork.

Senior preschool age is a period of active patriotic education. It is necessary to introduce children into the world of local history in an unobtrusive and accessible, as well as entertaining and interesting way, to cultivate moral and patriotic feelings. The tasks that are set in modern education require new approaches and solutions. Searching for them alone is a difficult and inefficient task. Under such conditions, the pedagogical council becomes the most important means of developing the teaching staff. In a preschool educational institution, the pedagogical council is a platform where innovation is manifested, a solution is sought methodological problems and summarizes the experience of colleagues.

Much has been written about the importance of introducing a child to the culture of his people, since turning to the father's heritage brings up respect, pride in the land on which you live. Therefore, children need to know and study the culture of their ancestors. And you need to start with the upbringing of love and respect for the members of your family, your city, your “small homeland”.

To expand the interests of children, to bring them out of the narrow world, to show through the small big, to show the relationship between the activities of one person and the life of all people, the whole country is very important for cultivating love for the native land. Children must understand that their city, forest, river, field are particles of the Motherland. It’s good if preschoolers know what plants and factories are in the city, learn about the best people who work to glorify not only their city, but the whole country.

Exploratory behavior is one of the most important sources of a child's understanding of the world. To explore, to discover, to study means to take a step into the unknown and the unknown.

By nature, children are explorers. It is important to teach to observe, compare, cultivate the desire to find the answer.

At present, the importance of this issue is reflected in the "National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation".

Where it is emphasized that "the education system is designed to ensure the education of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal, democratic, social state, respecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, possessing high morality and showing national and religious tolerance."

We build our work on moral education in such a way that each pupil is imbued with the glory of his native land, feels his involvement in social events.

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev "We are not given to predict:"

We can't predict

How our word will respond.

Sow grace in the souls.

Alas, it doesn't work every time.

But we must dream

About the wonderful time, about the century,

When to become a beautiful flower

Capable of a person's personality.

And we have to create.

Despising all the hardships of the world,

To lay light truths

The beginnings in life are young.

To show them the right path,

Help not to dissolve in the crowd...

We can't predict

But we must strive

The introduction of elements of local history into the structure of projects contributes to early formation"historical feeling", a sense of belonging to the past. The study of local history becomes the basis for harmonic comprehensive development older preschoolers, creates the core that will help the young person to preserve the rich traditions of his native people, his city.

Introducing children to their hometown, we pay attention to the sights: monuments, museums.

We build our work on moral education in such a way that each pupil is imbued with the glory of his native land, feels his involvement in social events.

The selection and systematization of knowledge that preschoolers must master is carried out taking into account their mental capabilities: the nature of their thinking, the ability to generalize and analyze are taken into account. Thus, the level of mental development of the child serves as a kind of prerequisite and a necessary condition for the education of the principles of patriotic feelings.

Using local history material in our work with children, we bring up patriotic feelings that persist for life and serve the spiritual development of the individual; raising children on events closely related to the history and nature of our native land, we thereby form a deep attachment to it, a sense of pride.

Introducing children to the traditions of the people is an important means of patriotic education.

We conduct city tours, the purpose of which is to get acquainted with the sights of Ryazan, the rich culture and history of the city.

Our Motherland is our Russia, our Ryazan, this is our small Motherland, the place where we were born and live.

The upbringing of a citizen and a patriot who knows and loves his Motherland is a task that is especially urgent today, and cannot be successfully solved without a deep knowledge of the spiritual wealth of his people, the development of folk culture.

Thank you all!!! Good luck in your difficult but creative work!

Advice for parents.

"Education of patriotic feelings in preschoolers".

Target : - to interest parents in this problem;

To give parents knowledge about the importance of educating patriotic feelings in the development of a preschool child.

The feeling of patriotism is so multifaceted in its content that it cannot be defined in a few words. This is love for one’s native places, and pride in one’s people, and a sense of one’s inseparability, completely surrounding, and a desire to preserve and increase the wealth of one’s country.

Patriotism is manifested not only in complex difficult life situations but also in the everyday working and spiritual life of the people.

However, if this feeling is so complicated, then it is legitimate to talk about it in relation to preschool children? Careful observation of children, studying them age features, interests allows us to conclude that the older preschooler has a lot of knowledge, and his interests are often associated not only with the present, but also with the future. In the conversations of children, their questions, one can hear judgments about good and evil, about injustice. All this suggests that the education of patriotic feelings can and should be started from preschool age. Catchphrase: “Everything starts from childhood” - How can you treat this issue more. I will think about the origins of patriotic feelings, we always turn to childhood impressions: this is a tree under the window, and native tunes.

From infancy, the child hears his native language. Mother's songs, fairy tales open his eyes to the world, emotionally color the present, inspire hope and faith in the good that they bring to us. fairy-tale heroes: Vasilisa the Beautiful, Ilya Muromets, Ivan Tsarevich. Fairy tales excite, captivate the child, make him cry and laugh, show him what the people consider the most important wealth - diligence, friendship, mutual assistance. Each nation has its own fairy tales, and all of them in their own way, with the color characteristic of this people, pass on these stories from generation to generation. moral values. Listening to a fairy tale, the child begins to love what his people love and hate what the people hate. “These are the first brilliant attempts at Russian folk pedagogy,” wrote K. D. Ushinsky, “and I don’t think that anyone would be able to compete in this case with the pedagogical geniuses of the people.”

Riddles, proverbs, sayings - these pearls of folk wisdom are perceived by a child easily and naturally. They contain humor, sadness and deep love for a person, for the fatherland. Fairy tales, proverbs, sayings form the beginning of love for one's people, for one's country.

Very early in the world of the child enters the nature of his native land. A river, a forest, a field gradually come to life for him: from the first general perception, the child moves to concretization - he has favorite corners for playing, a favorite tree, paths in the forest, a place for fishing by the river. This makes the forest, the river their own, relatives, remaining in memory for a lifetime.

Thus, the social and natural environment acts as the first teacher, introducing the child to the Motherland. But without the help of an adult, it is difficult for a child to single out the most essential characteristic in the surrounding life. He may not see the main thing, or take the atypical, secondary for the main thing. “Like a small tree, a caring gardener strengthens the root, on the power of which the life of a plant depends for several decades, so a teacher should take care of educating his children with a feeling of boundless love for the Motherland. Without the help of an adult, it is difficult for children to understand that people are working for the good of the whole country, that the city, village, forest, river that a child sees every day is his homeland.

An adult acts as an intermediary between the child and the world around him, he directs, regulates his perception of the environment. Children still have very little life experience, and because of their ability to imitate and out of trust in adults, children adopt their assessments of events: what parents say at home about the upcoming subbotnik, how they prepare for the holiday, etc. - their attitude is manifested in everything to life which gradually brings up feelings of the child.

When educating patriotic feelings, it is very important to keep children interested in the events and phenomena of public life, to talk with them about what interests them. It is generally accepted that the upbringing of patriotic feelings in children occurs in next sequence: first, love is brought up for parents, home, kindergarten, then for the city, for the whole country. However, it is wrong to believe that by cultivating love for parents, we are already cultivating love for the Motherland. Unfortunately, there are cases when devotion to one's home, one's family coexists with indifference to the fate of the Motherland and even with betrayal.

We teach a child from the first years of life to love parents, to help them. A noble feeling of devotion to a dear person, the need for spiritual and emotional intimacy with him - all this is very important for the development of the child's personality, for a sense of security and well-being. But in order for these feelings to become the beginning of love for the motherland, it is very important that children see the civilian face of their parents as early as possible, realize them as workers contributing to the common cause.

An important means of patriotic education is to familiarize children with the traditions of the people. For example, to celebrate professional holidays, harvest holidays, to honor the memory of fallen wars, to arrange a send-off for recruits to the army, meetings of veterans, participants in the war. The tradition of honoring the memory of fallen soldiers invariably lives on among the people. A child in senior preschool age is already capable of experiencing hatred, resentment, not only for himself personally. Let him cry, listening to the story about the boy, whom the Nazis hanged in front of his mother, about the soldier who, with the last grenade, threw himself under the Nazi tank. Children should not be shielded from strong emotions. Such emotions do not upset nervous system child, but are the beginning of patriotic feelings.

One of the facets of patriotism is the attitude towards the working person. The idea that everything is created by labor, by human hands, that labor brings joy, happiness and wealth to the country, should be born in the mind of the child as early as possible. The heroism of labor shown to him educates his moral feelings no less than the heroism of a military feat. The teacher can advise parents to tell children about their work, what they do, and what it is for.

When acquainting children with the work of adults, it is very important to show them the social significance of this work, its necessity not only personally for some person, but for the whole country. This can be done most clearly by talking about the work of a grain grower. Stories about heroic work, dedication, dedication and courage help to bring up pride in a person who is a hard worker. In the patriotic education of children, the role of books about the defenders of the Motherland is great. Heroism excites and attracts the child, gives rise to the desire to imitate.

When reading a story, a poem to children, it is important to convey the climaxes in the work with their intonations, logical stresses, to make them worry and rejoice. Talking after reading should be done with great care so as not to destroy, but to strengthen the emotional impact. For example, the children read the poem “Why they called their mother Grishka” a courageous, dexterous, smart girl is admired, the children worry about her and rejoice when she manages to get away from the enemy. There is no need to ask many questions about the text of this work. But it is important that all of them are aimed not at presenting the content of the plot, but at the emotional moments “When you listened to the story, were you a little scared?”, “And when were you happy?”, “Which place in the story do you remember the most?” . After the answers of the children, you can read the work again.

One of the favorite books of children is Lev Kassil's book "Your Defenders". Every story in it is an example of heroism.

To love the motherland is to know it. What can a child know about his country, what knowledge does he need in order for the first feeling of love for the fatherland to become conscious and lasting? First of all, the child needs to know about the current life of the Motherland. Examples of labor exploits of people in the name of the well-being and glory of the Motherland, the traditions that the teacher introduces to children help them realize patriotism as a feeling that manifests itself every day. It is very important for the education of patriotic feelings and historical knowledge. Turning to literature, the art of the past, as well as to history, is an appeal to the past of one's people. Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects the accumulated and preserved previous generations can become true patriots.

Love for the motherland becomes a real deep feeling when it is expressed not only in the desire to learn more about it, but also in the desire, the need to work for the good of the fatherland, to take care of its riches. The role of independent labor activity in the upbringing of the future citizen is extremely important. The affairs of a preschool child are small and not complicated, but they are of great importance for the formation of his personality. Need to be encouraged independent activity children, the motive of which is the desire to do something for the team, for the kindergarten. Not always the guys can figure out for themselves what and how to do. This is where the help of an adult is needed, his advice, an example. In the spring, Sunday is organized for cleaning and gardening the yard, the street where the child lives. “Take a shovel, son, let's go to work,” says the father. And by all means, the next day, when he comes to kindergarten, the son will proudly say: “Yesterday, my dad and I planted a tree in our yard.” Participation in common affairs brings up in the child the master of his country. A loving, caring owner. Work with social motivation must be organized both in kindergarten and at home so that it is systematic, and not from case to case. The child must have constant assignments, not only for self-service, but also for the benefit of others, the entire team. It is only important that this work really has a real meaning for others, and is not far-fetched. All of the above is directly related to the education of patriotic feelings in children.

"Moral and patriotic education"

If in childhood a child experienced a feeling of pity for another person, joy from a good deed, pride in his parents, admiration from contact with a wonderful feat, he gained emotional experience. Thus, paths will be built for associations of an emotional nature, and this is the basis, the foundation of deeper feelings, a condition for the full development of a person.

The upbringing of a little patriot begins with the closest thing to him - his native home, the street where he lives, a kindergarten.

Draw your child's attention to the beauty of their hometown.

During the walk, tell what is on your street, talk about the meaning of each object.

Give an idea about the work of public institutions: post office, shop, library, etc. Observe the work of the employees of these institutions, note the value of their work.

Together with your child, take part in the work of landscaping and gardening your yard.

Expand your own horizons.

Teach your child how to judge his own actions and the actions of others.

Read to him books about the motherland, its heroes, about the traditions, culture of your people.

Encourage your child for the desire to maintain order, exemplary behavior in public places.

Memo for parents on the patriotic education of preschoolers.

1. If you want to raise a child to be a worthy person and citizen, do not speak ill of the country in which you live.

2. Tell your child about the trials that befell your ancestors, from which they came out with honor.

3. Introduce your child to the memorable and historical places of your homeland.

4. Even if you don’t feel like going to a museum or an exhibition with your child on a weekend, remember that the earlier and more regularly you do this while your child is still small, the more likely it is that he will attend cultural institutions in his teens. age and youth.

5. Remember that the more you express dissatisfaction with every day you live, the more pessimism, dissatisfaction with life your child will express.

6. When you communicate with your child, try not only to evaluate his educational and psychological problems, but also the positive moments of his life (who helps and supports him, whom he would like to make friends with and why, what interesting moments were in kindergarten classes and after them)

7. Encourage your child to show off positive side, never say such words and expressions to him: “Keep your head down!”, “Sit quietly!”, “Do not take the initiative!”

8. Watch with him programs, films that tell about people who glorified our country in which you live, positively evaluate their contribution to society.

9. Do not cultivate indifference in your child, it will turn against you.

10. Discover in your child the ability to show positive emotions as early as possible, they will become your hope and support in old age!

Consultation for parents on moral and patriotic education.

"My small homeland".

Now a birch, then a mountain ash,

Willow bush over the river.

Native land, forever beloved,

Where else can you find one!

(A. Alien)

Moral and patriotic education of a child is complex pedagogical process. It is based on the development of moral feelings, and so that the words “I love my Motherland” do not turn into an empty phrase, it is important that a bright, capacious image of the Motherland arises already in a preschooler. The Little Motherland… everyone has their own, but for everyone it is that guiding star that determines a lot throughout life, if not everything! In recent years, there has been a rethinking of the essence of patriotic education: the idea of patriotism and citizenship education is gaining more and more social significance, becoming a task of national importance. The significance of this is explained simply: if a child experienced in childhood a sense of pride in his parents, admiration for the places in which he was born and lives, experienced moments of delight from being involved in all this, he acquired an important emotional experience. Thus, paths have been paved for associations of an emotional nature, and this is the basis, the foundation for the formation of deeper feelings, a condition for a full-fledged emotional development person.

The upbringing of a little patriot begins with the closest thing to him - his home, the street where he lives, a kindergarten. Draw the attention of the child to the beauty of his native land, village. During the walk, tell the child about what is on your street, talk about the meaning of each object. Give an idea of the work of public institutions, note the value of their work. Together with your child, take part in the work of landscaping the street, planting greenery in your yard. Encourage your child for the desire to maintain order, correct behavior in public places, teach them to correctly evaluate their own actions and the actions of other people. Read books about the motherland, its heroes, traditions, culture of your people, expand your own horizons.

What happiness it is that you can ride a train for a day, a week, and outside the window forests, lakes, swamps, taiga will flicker and stretch - and this is your native country! What a blessing that you, listening to the music of Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Scriabin, Shostakovich - composers loved all over the world, can call these great musicians your own! After all, one has only to imagine that everything has been taken away from you, that these seas, these endless forests are not yours, that you cannot call Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy the writers of your country, that you have neither Moscow with its Kremlin, nor Siberian forests, that there is neither the Baikalyukha river nor the Volga, that this whole great country, its great culture, great language are not yours... What will you have left then? What are you proud of then? A man without a homeland is pathetic. He is nobody. And vice versa: even in the most difficult moments a person is strengthened by the thought that he is the son of a great country.

Questionnaire for parents
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Thank you for your cooperation!

Parent meeting on the topic: "A citizen is brought up from childhood."

Target: to involve parents in the discussion of issues of patriotic education of preschoolers,reveal the essence and meaningthe work of parents and teachers on the patriotic education of children.

Preliminary work:

1. Questioning of parents on the issue of patriotic education discussed at the meeting.

2. Making memos on the topic of the meeting.

3. Consultations for parents on the problem of patriotic education of preschoolers.

Assembly progress.

The educator thanks the parents for the full sincere answers to the questionnaire, briefly summarizes the information received.

Round table. Discussion "What kind of person do we call a citizen?"

To be a citizen means to consciously and actively fulfill civic duties and civic duty to society, the Motherland, to possess such personal qualities as patriotism, a humane attitude towards people.

The rudiments of these qualities must be formed in the child as early as possible.

The kid discovers the Motherland for the first time in the family. This is his closest environment, where he draws such concepts as "work", "duty", "honor", "Motherland".

The feeling of the Motherland begins in a child with the relationship to the closest people - father, mother, grandfather, grandmother. These are the roots that connect him with his home and immediate environment.

Patriotic education is necessary for any people, any state, otherwise they are doomed to death. However, this upbringing must be carried out very sensitively and tactfully, and it must be done together, instilling in the child respect and love for his native land from an early age.

Form moral basis and help the child successfully enter modern world It is impossible to take a worthy place in the system of relations with others without cultivating love for loved ones and one's fatherland, respect for the traditions and values of one's people, kindness and mercy.

In the kindergarten, work is being done to expand children's ideas about their native country, about the customs and culture of their people. Great importance is attached to the study of Russian symbols and emblems. Children get acquainted with the diversity of the nature of our country, various professions, receive the first knowledge about our city.

Before a child begins to perceive himself as a citizen, he needs to be helped to realize his own "I", his family, his roots - that which is close, familiar, understandable. The family occupies a leading place in the system of patriotic education. In the family, as the initial cell of society, the process of educating the individual, the formation and development of patriotism begins, which continues in the future in educational institutions.

Starting from a young age, kindergarten teachers are working to form children's ideas about themselves as a person who has the right to individual differences from others. One such difference is the name of the child. Show the variety of names allow specially organized classes, didactic games and exercises, as well as other types of children's activities.

Such work allows you to help the child realize his own individuality, increase self-esteem, understand own significance in the hearts of their parents. Adults explain what the name of the child means, why it is chosen, give examples of how affectionately it can be called.

The feeling of the Motherland begins with admiration for what a small person sees in front of him, what he is amazed at and what evokes a response in his soul. From a young age, educators introduce children to the immediate environment - the kindergarten, its employees, professions in kindergarten, streets, buildings, buildings, hometown ... We must show the child that our city is famous for its history, sights, best people. It is important that the beloved city appears before the child as the most expensive, beautiful, unique.

Quiz for parents on the topic "Do you know your city?" (game "Chamomile", questions are written on the wrong side of the petals).

1. Name the date of formation of Ryazan. (first mentioned in 1095)

2. Who founded our city?

Ryazan was founded by Svyatoslav Yaroslavich of Chernigov.

3. In what year and by whom was the city destroyed?

In 1237 the city was destroyed by the Mongol-Tatar army.

4. What is depicted on the coat of arms of the city and what does this symbol mean?

The emblem of Ryazan is an image of the Prince, standing in a golden field in a scarlet epanche, in a green hat, dress, boots and silver pants, holding right hand a silver sword, and in the left - a silver scabbard with the same belt. The coat of arms is crowned with the Cap of Monomakh. Shield holders - silver with a golden mane and tail. The shield is surrounded by a golden ceremonial chain - the official badge of the head of the administration of the city of Ryazan.

5. List the famous citizens of Ryazan ( Yesenin S,A., Kostychev P.A. - scientist on beekeeping, Michurin I.V.. Pavlov I.P.. Pirogov A.S., Pozhalostin I.P., Polonsky Ya.P.. Skobelev M.D.. Tsiolkovsky K.E.).

6. What streets of the city are named after these people? (Zubkova, Tsiolkovsky, Yesenin, etc. ...).

7. Name the sights of the city.

7. Introducing parents to folk proverbs according to the topic of the meeting:

Love for the Motherland is stronger than death.

A man without a homeland is a nightingale without a song.

Take care of your dear land, like a beloved mother.

Pearls sown in time will spring up.

Home walls help.

Wormwood does not grow without a root.

Every pine makes noise to its forest.

Memo for parents Famous people about the education of love for the motherland"

"In your family and under your leadership, a future citizen, a future activist and a future fighter is growing ... Everything that happens in the country must come to children through your soul and your thought" (A.S. Makarenko)

"There are many kinds of education, but above all is moral education, which makes us human" (V. Belinsky)

"Sow an act, you reap a habit, sow a habit, you reap a character, sow a character, and you reap a destiny" (William Thackeray)

"bright days childhood impressions received from communication with native nature, escort a person far into life and strengthen in him the desire to give his strength to the service of the Motherland "(A.I. Herzen)

“The true school of educating cordiality, sincerity and responsiveness is the family; attitude towards mother, father, grandfather, grandmother, brothers, sisters is a test of humanity "(V.A. Sukhomlinsky).

Summarizing. Miscellaneous.

Questionnaire for parents on the problem of patriotic education of preschoolers.

1. How do you introduce children to the outside world?

2. Do you instill in your child a caring attitude towards the nature of his native land - does your child take part in the work in the garden, take care of animals, flowers?

3. Do you talk about your hometown?

4. Do you go on holidays dedicated to the Day cities?

5. How often do you listen to (sing, tell) songs, poems about the Motherland, about the nature of your native country with your children?

6. Do you do field trips?

7. Do you read books together?

8. Watch TV?

9. In your opinion, do you have enough information about your native country, city to answer the child's questions?

10. Do you need the help of teachers in obtaining information about your native country, city; in something else?