Do pregnant women need vaccinations or can they wait? What vaccinations can pregnant women get?

Vaccination at the planning stage of pregnancy and after its onset is very useful and necessary procedure, which helps to clarify the features women's health and protect both the expectant mother and the fetus from possible diseases. There are several groups of vaccinations: necessary, necessary for certain conditions and prohibited during pregnancy. Which of them and when put, we will tell further.

Features of the immunity of a pregnant woman

To find out the features of immunity during pregnancy, you need to remember how it works in general. If you explain in simple terms, cells of the immune system, mainly leukocytes, are always on guard of health. When a pathogenic object (bacteria, virus) enters the body, protective cells begin to read information from it.

Because pathogens and particles have unique structural elements (proteins), immune cells recognize them as foreign and send a signal to attack them. At the same time, all the body’s immune forces are put to work and fight the invading infection, virus or fungus.

But here we're talking about just about microscopic particles. What will happen to the immune system if it recognizes a dangerous object in the face of a fertilized egg - a threat to the female body? He will do as he should: he will begin to reject the zygote in every possible way, which is fraught with either failure of pregnancy or miscarriage.

Nature has provided this important feature Therefore, when pregnancy occurs, the body’s immune forces are greatly weakened. Sex hormones and proteins that are produced by the placenta suppress the pregnant woman’s immune system so that it does not reject the fetus.

Suppression of the immune system of women protects the fetus and maintains pregnancy, but the female body becomes vulnerable to many diseases, chronic diseases worsen, sluggish ones begin to progress at high speed, and the risk of allergic reactions increases.

Some of the diseases that appear during pregnancy (for example, rubella, measles, chickenpox) can be dangerous for the fetus and mother, so it is recommended to get a series of vaccinations.

What vaccinations should you get before pregnancy:

Even if a woman knows that she did not have any disease in childhood, or, what is even more dangerous, she is sure that she did, although this is not the case, it is recommended to undergo a series of examinations, i.e. get tested for antibodies to this virus. In the absence of antibodies, it is recommended to get vaccinated some time before pregnancy.

- vaccination against rubella

You cannot get vaccinated against rubella after conception. The optimal period is 2-3 months before pregnancy. The vaccine uses a weakened live virus, which will remain in the female body without causing him any harm. To be 100% sure, it is better to refrain from conceiving for 4-6 months.

The rubella virus is dangerous for the fetus because it easily penetrates the placenta and harms the unborn child. Infection of the baby is fraught with external and mental pathologies, heart and brain defects, deafness, blindness and even death, and can cause premature birth or termination of pregnancy. It is especially dangerous if the mother suffered from rubella in the first trimester: then the risk of the virus affecting the fetus reaches 80%.

Rubella infection in the 1st or 2nd trimester is a relative indication for termination of pregnancy, but the decision remains with the expectant mother.

- chickenpox vaccination

Chickenpox, or chickenpox, is not as dangerous to the fetus as rubella. However, chickenpox is much easier to tolerate in childhood than in adulthood, so the condition of a pregnant woman with this disease is extremely serious. In addition, having chickenpox in childhood is not a guarantee that the disease will not appear again, especially during a period when the immune system is in a very weakened state.

With chickenpox, there is a small chance of giving birth to children with congenital syndrome chicken pox. This manifests itself in the form of malformations of the limbs, brain, eyes or pneumonia.

The chickenpox vaccine is given twice with an interval of 6-10 weeks. After the second vaccination, at least 30 days must pass before the egg is fertilized, since weakened live viruses are used as a vaccine.

- vaccination against mumps

Mumps (mumps) is dangerous due to its complications - meningitis and encephalitis, as well as damage to the pancreas, joints, and genital organs of men and women. In some cases, mumps leads to infertility.

The disease during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, often causes miscarriage.

Vaccination against mumps is carried out once, no later than 3 months before the planned pregnancy. It is very important that such a vaccine protects not only the expectant mother, but also the baby in the first year of life.

- vaccination against hepatitis B

The hepatitis B virus is dangerous because it can be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth. It can exist in the environment for a long time, it is easy to become infected, but the insidiousness of hepatitis B is long-lasting. incubation period. It may take 2-6 months from the moment the virus enters the body before the first symptoms appear.

The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted through various medical procedures, for example, when donating or transfusion of blood, and since a woman undergoes many examinations during pregnancy, the risk increases. Therefore, vaccination against hepatitis B at the stage of pregnancy planning is mandatory.

You need to plan vaccination against hepatitis B at least 8 months before pregnancy. Vaccination involves 3 procedures: a month passes between the first and second, and 6 months between the second and third. After the third vaccination, a month should pass before conception.

In certain conditions, an accelerated course of vaccination is prescribed, when instead of 6 months you need to wait only 2. Sometimes it is allowed to give 2 vaccinations before pregnancy, and the third one a year after the second, that is, a few months after childbirth.

The main component of the vaccine is a certain protein of the hepatitis B virus.

- measles vaccination during pregnancy

In addition to the fact that measles is severe in adults, causes an increased rash and can lead to pneumonia, during pregnancy it can cause spontaneous miscarriage or congenital malformations of the fetus (pathologies nervous system, dementia, decreased intelligence).

Vaccination against measles is carried out twice with an interval of 1 month, after which you need to wait 3 months before conception. The vaccine contains a live virus.

Antibodies to measles, as well as to mumps and rubella, are transmitted to the fetus. These three vaccinations can be given at the same time.

- flu vaccination

The influenza virus is dangerous because it can lead to premature birth or miscarriage, as well as penetrate the placenta and infect the fetus. You need to be vaccinated a month before pregnancy, provided that at this moment there are vaccines adapted for a specific season.

Vaccination against influenza is also necessary, since in case of infection during pregnancy many medicines a woman will not be able to use it due to contraindications.

- vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria and polio

Despite vaccination against these pathologies in childhood, it is advisable to repeat vaccinations every 10 years.

Polio is rare, but it's better to be safe and get vaccinated. There are two types of vaccine: live and inactivated. On the eve of pregnancy (at least a month in advance), vaccination with an inactivated vaccine is acceptable. An untreated disease causes disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and can cause paralysis.

Vaccines against tetanus and diphtheria are given once, no less than a month before the planned conception. If infected, diphtheria leads to various birth complications, miscarriage, premature birth, and if the child becomes infected with tetanus from the mother during childbirth, the probability of death reaches 100%.

What vaccinations are given to pregnant women:

There are a number of vaccines that should not be delayed even during pregnancy. Despite the fact that planning a pregnancy with all the testing and vaccinations is recommended to be thought out and started a year before conception, no one is immune from a “surprise”. In this case, routine vaccinations are already meaningless, and we are talking about emergency vaccinations, which are given when infected or at a high risk of infection.

- vaccination against rabies

You can become infected with rabies by being bitten by a sick animal, and if infected, the probability of death is 100%. To save the life of both mother and baby, it is imperative to get a vaccine against this disease, which is inactivated.

In severe cases, specific immunoglobulin is additionally administered.

- against hepatitis A

Vaccination against hepatitis A also belongs to the group of inactivated ones, so the likelihood of impact on the fetus is extremely low. It is advisable to vaccinate if a woman has a suspicion of possible contact with the virus, and also if she has visited an unfavorable this disease region.

The vaccine may be accompanied by additional administration of normal immunoglobulin.

- against hepatitis B

Vaccination against hepatitis A is usually carried out at the planning stage of pregnancy. During pregnancy, vaccination is permissible only when there is high risk infection (for example, from one of the family members). Moreover, the vaccination is completely safe for the fetus.

Additionally, specific immunoglobulin is introduced.

- against flu

It is advisable to get the flu vaccine in the second or third trimester if outbreak season is approaching. If a pregnant woman has chronic pathologies heart and lungs, which increase the risk of developing complications after influenza, the vaccine can also be given to early stages pregnancy.

Only inactivated vaccines are allowed for vaccination during pregnancy.

- from yellow fever

Yellow fever vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy, since there is no accurate data on its harmlessness to the fetus. However, if a woman had to travel to an area with a high incidence of yellow fever, vaccination is necessary. The risk from the vaccine is in any case lower than the risk from contracting the disease.

- against meningitis

Vaccination against meningitis is given during pregnancy only if the disease is severe and has reached high degree gravity. In this case, there is a risk of congenital pathologies of the fetus, so vaccination is recommended.

The meningitis vaccine consists of parts of a microbial cell. The greatest effectiveness can be achieved when vaccinated within 7 days after contact with an infected person.

At mild degree Meningitis can be treated with medication.

- from pneumococcus

Pneumococcal infection, although rare in pregnant women, is at risk severe consequences When infected, it can be serious. Against the background of infection with pneumococcus, pneumonia may occur, which is not in the best possible way will affect the child's health.

Vaccination for preventive purposes at the stage of pregnancy planning is not necessary, but in case of infection it is permissible only in the third trimester.

- vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria

Vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria is carried out using ADS toxoid. This is the only immunobiological agent that is allowed to be administered to pregnant women in the absence of routine vaccination or when more than 10 years have passed since the last vaccination.

Vaccination is acceptable in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy.

- against typhoid, encephalitis, plague, cholera

These types of vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy, since there is no information about their safety or, on the contrary, danger.

Pregnancy is the most milestone in a woman’s life, for which you need to prepare carefully and in advance. Before you start conceiving, and future father, And expectant mother must undergo a series of examinations. For women, vaccination for preventive purposes is more important than ever, as it will reduce the likelihood of infection during pregnancy. In case of unplanned conception, emergency vaccinations are acceptable in particularly dangerous situations.

Especially for- Elena Kichak

By the time she becomes pregnant, a woman should ideally be fully vaccinated. And although the risk to the fetus when administering both inactivated (killed) and live vaccines has not been strictly proven, their use may coincide with the birth of a child with birth defect, which will create a situation that is difficult to interpret. In this regard, the issue of vaccination of a pregnant woman is decided in every specific case, after a careful assessment of possible risks and benefits.

Vaccinations for pregnant women, general rules: *

1. The mother's pregnancy is not considered a contraindication to vaccination of other children in her family.
2. No vaccinations are given in the first trimester of pregnancy.
3. If the epidemic situation requires it, all vaccines except live ones (tetanus, influenza and pneumococcal vaccination carried out in many countries).
4. No side effects were observed even with the use of live vaccines (including, at a minimum, the oral poliomyelitis vaccine and the triple vaccine).
5. In case of accidental vaccination with the triple vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella), there is no indication for termination of pregnancy.

Measles vaccination for pregnant women

Cannot be used live measles vaccine during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Vaccination of women with the drug " Priorix» is carried out only in the absence of pregnancy and the woman’s consent to be protected from conception for 3 months after vaccination. Breastfeeding women can be vaccinated if the benefits of vaccination outweigh possible risk. In case of contact with measles, prophylaxis is carried out with immunoglobulin.

Hepatitis vaccination for pregnant women

Hepatitis A. Due to the lack of sufficient data on the use of vaccines (Havrix, Hep-A-in-Vac, Avaxim) in pregnant women, their use is not recommended, despite the minimal risk of exposure of the fetus and child to inactivated vaccines. The decision to vaccinate pregnant women should be made only on the basis of an assessment real danger infection with hepatitis A. The vaccine (Avaxim) can be used during lactation. The Havrix vaccine is used during lactation only if there are absolute indications.

Hepatitis B. In the Guidelines MU 3.3.1.1123-02. 3.3.1. Vaccine prevention indicates that pregnancy is NOT a contraindication to vaccination against hepatitis B. However, the instructions for such vaccines as “Hepatitis B recombinant yeast vaccine” and “Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine (rDNA)” “Engerix B” indicate that the effect of the vaccine on the fetus has not been studied and the possibility of vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation, and the use of the vaccine in a pregnant woman may be considered if the risk of infection is extremely high.

Tetanus shot for pregnant women

The tetanus vaccine is the only vaccine that has no contraindications for use. Therefore, it is possible to administer tetanus toxoid to pregnant women.

Flu vaccine for pregnant women

During pregnancy, influenza vaccination can be carried out using only inactivated subunit or split (split) vaccines, as these vaccines do not contain live viruses and have a high safety profile. Vaccination is safest in the second and third trimesters.

In order to prevent influenza in pregnant and lactating women caused by the pandemic strain A (H1N1), domestic vaccines are recommended: MonoGrippolNeo, MonoGrippol and MonoGrippolPlus. Breastfeeding is not a contraindication for vaccination.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers can be vaccinated with the following flu shots: Influvac, Vaxigrip, Inflexal V, Fluarix. These vaccines do not have a teratogenic or toxic effect on the fetus in pregnant women

Rubella vaccination for pregnant women

Rubella. Rubella vaccination is contraindicated during pregnancy. It is advisable to vaccinate all women who are not pregnant and do not intend to become pregnant in the next 3 months, and whose presence of antibodies in the blood has not been accurately determined. Pregnant women with hypersensitivity should be vaccinated immediately after birth. After administration of the rubella vaccine, women of childbearing age are prescribed contraception for 2 months. If this vaccine is administered to a woman who did not know she was pregnant or who conceived within 3 months after vaccination, the pregnancy will not be terminated.

Other vaccinations for pregnant women

Rabies. Pregnancy is NOT a contraindication to vaccination against rabies, that is, pregnant women are vaccinated in the usual manner, for example, with the Kokav rabies vaccine.

Tick-borne encephalitis. Vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis are contraindicated during pregnancy. Vaccinations are acceptable 2 weeks after birth.

Meningitis. There is currently no data on the use of the vaccine Mencevax ACWY in pregnant women, as well as data on its effect on the body. Based on theoretical premises, pregnant women should avoid administering the Mencevax ACWY vaccine, unless such women are at high risk of infection. Meningococcal group A dry polysaccharide vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding, since the safety of use has not been studied.

Mumps. Live mumps vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Polio. The inactivated vaccine for the prevention of polio "Imovax Polio" can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There are no adequate data on the use of the Poliorix vaccine and the oral polio vaccine during pregnancy and lactation.

Vaccinations during lactation

Breastfeeding is not a contraindication to a woman’s vaccination; neither live nor inactivated vaccines pose a threat to her health. Of all the live vaccines, only the rubella vaccine virus is excreted in milk, and infection infant is rarely observed and is often detected only serologically. ( "MU 3.3.1.1123-02. 3.3.1. Vaccine prevention. Monitoring of post-vaccination complications and their prevention. Guidelines"). But, despite this statement, many vaccine manufacturers do not recommend or prohibit the use of medicinal product during

Is it necessary and possible to get vaccinated during pregnancy? Many expectant mothers wonder. Any woman wants to protect herself and her baby from unwanted health problems. Many questions arise: is it safe, will the vaccination have the desired effect, will vaccination not affect the normal formation and development of the embryo? When deciding in favor of vaccinations, the fair sex should know all the pros and cons of this procedure.

No matter what stage of your pregnancy you are in, you do not have the right to decide on your own. serious question like immunization. It is within the competence of doctors to determine whether vaccinations can be given to pregnant women in general and whether their use is advisable in each specific case. The doctor will assess the health status of mother and child and make a conclusion regarding the need for vaccinations.

But, there are some basic criteria for the use of antigenic materials that induce immunity to disease, and women should know them.

• The use of any vaccines is prohibited in the first three months after fertilization of the egg. At this stage, internal organs are formed in the embryo, and injections can cause disruptions in these processes. All this leads to developmental defects. Even doctors find it difficult to answer the question of how vaccination will affect the fetus.
• Vaccinations should be resorted to in cases where there is a high probability of infection, and the negative consequences of the disease will exceed the possible results from the vaccination.
• The use of drugs that contain live viruses, as well as their weakened types, in pregnant women is strictly prohibited. These vaccines include drugs against mumps, rubella, measles, polio, smallpox and tuberculosis. Vaccination only with inactivated materials is allowed.
• Pregnant women must be immunized in situations where an epidemic is expected in the area.
• There are cases when women do not yet know about pregnancy and get vaccinated. Doctors should warn them about likely consequences this erroneous action, while the issue of abortion is most often not raised.

Following these simple rules makes vaccinations absolutely safe. There is no need to believe in stories that talk about miscarriages or pathologies in the development of a child after the administration of drugs.

Vaccinations you can get during pregnancy

If you are planning a pregnancy, then the issue of vaccinations should be considered in advance. In this way, you can prevent the possibility of dangerous infections entering a woman’s body. What about those who found out about their interesting position unexpectedly, “without a plan”? In such situations, you need to know which vaccines are allowed to be used for pregnant women, and which are strictly prohibited when carrying a baby.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the list of vaccinations that women in an “interesting position” can receive after the first trimester if there is a risk of infection with certain viruses.

1. From rabies. It must be done without any doubt. This infection is very serious, and in the absence of adequate treatment it can lead to death. In this regard, you should not even think about whether to resort to vaccination or not. Studies conducted by doctors have not revealed negative impact the drug "Kokav" on the development of the embryo.
2. Vaccination against hepatitis B is not dangerous. Newborns and infants infected with this virus have a huge risk of developing liver pathologies, including chronic lesions and death. Doctors believe that the hepatitis vaccine cannot cause harm to the fetus. Conversely, if a child is born to a mother infected with the virus in recent months pregnancy, and he is not vaccinated at birth, then the baby develops chronic hepatitis in 90 percent of cases.
3. Flu vaccination recommended. Doctors recommend seasonal vaccination for women bearing children. Studies have not revealed any side effects after the introduction of inactivated material against the virus in any expectant mother, nor the baby. However, a very small percentage of the fair sex risks taking a “protective injection” and protecting their health and their unborn baby from possible complications borne by the disease.
4. From tetanus and diphtheria. These vaccinations are the only immunobiological materials that need to be administered into mandatory all women who have not been vaccinated before. Vaccination is carried out from 4 to 6 months of pregnancy. Tetanus toxoid does not have a negative effect on the fetus and has no contraindications to its use.
5. Against chickenpox. This infection is especially dangerous in early and late pregnancy. Illness in the first trimester leads to congenital defects in the development of the fetus or provokes a miscarriage. If a woman becomes infected at 6–9 months, the child may be born with congenital infection or die at birth. Usually the vaccine is given in cases where there has been contact with a person carrying the virus.

Today, there is a lot of controversy about whether pregnant women can be vaccinated. However, every mother must first take care of her baby and his health. If there is a possibility of contracting viruses or infections that are dangerous to the fetus, then it is better to try to prevent the disease and get vaccinated.

Vaccines that need to be used with caution

Immunizing women during pregnancy protects not only herself, but also transfers antibodies to the baby. They provide the newborn with protection in the first months after birth. There are some vaccines that are not recommended for use in pregnant women.

• For hepatitis A, because the safety of the drug for fetal development has not been proven. It is worth noting that at the same time, no pathologies were found after the vaccination.
• Against yellow fever, typhoid, plague, cholera, encephalitis. Since there is no data on the safety of vaccinations for a developing organism. To avoid infection, you should avoid traveling to countries (Africa, Latin America), in which mosquitoes, the carriers of these infections, live. In other cases, vaccination can be done no earlier than fourth month pregnancy
• Against pneumococcus. Vaccination should be given to those women for whom there is a high risk of contracting the infection.
• From meningococcal infection. This pathogen in most cases leads to the development of severe meningitis. By increasing vascular permeability, it penetrates the baby’s body through the blood-brain barrier. In this case, termination of pregnancy is indicated artificially. Therefore, if the likelihood of infection is high, then vaccination is best.

Before deciding whether to vaccinate, it would be advisable to compare the risks possible consequences from the administered drug and from infection with viruses and infections.

Vaccinations contraindicated for pregnant women

It is believed that pregnancy is a contraindication to immunization with live viral vaccines. This is justified by the fact that there is a high probability of viruses penetrating through placental barrier and infection of the fetus inside the womb. Modern doctors believe that “live” vaccines should be used with great caution during pregnancy. At the same time, vaccination is not considered an indication for artificial termination of pregnancy.

What vaccinations contain live viruses and infections? Vaccination of pregnant women is prohibited if it concerns the following diseases:

1. Measles. Vaccination against the disease should be carried out either before conception or after the birth of a child. Despite the complications that measles causes, you should not be vaccinated against it during pregnancy. A woman who did not have this disease in childhood should decide on vaccination in advance.
2. Rubella. It is one of the most serious diseases for a pregnant woman. If you become infected with rubella early in pregnancy, your baby will have serious pathologies heart, brain, internal organs, visual and hearing impairments. Closer to the end of the term, the risks decrease and practically disappear. Before you plan to conceive a baby, you need to do a test showing the presence of antibodies to rubella in the blood. Its results show whether the expectant mother has immunity to this disease. If it is absent, a vaccination is given. You should start planning your pregnancy three months after vaccination.
3. Mumps. Pregnant women are contraindicated from administering a drug that prevents the development of this disease. This must be done before the baby is conceived.
4. Tick-borne encephalitis. This dangerous infection affects the spinal cord, as a result of which disability and even death are possible. Infection with tick-borne encephalitis is a clear indication for artificial termination of pregnancy.

It is worth noting that there are no specific data on the results of using vaccines containing live viruses during pregnancy. Their negative impact on developing fetus. The only live vaccine that is toxic to a developing organism is a drug that protects against smallpox. It should not be used on fertile women without confirmation that they are not pregnant.

Is it possible to get immunized before pregnancy? Health care recommends that women planning to give birth to a child get all the necessary revaccinations before conception. It would be a good idea to undergo an examination and consult with a doctor regarding necessary vaccinations. It’s good if you have a punched card with records of all vaccinations performed, this will help the doctor orientate himself in prescribing the necessary protective drugs. If you don’t have a card, you can simply do a blood test, it will help you decide what vaccinations you need.

• Anti-flu.
• From human papillomavirus.
• Against measles, mumps (mumps), rubella.
• Tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough.
• Chicken pox

After vaccination, at least three months must pass before attempting to become pregnant.

Pregnancy for a woman is both a joy and a test. In the body of a pregnant woman, a restructuring of the functions of organs and systems occurs. It bears a heavy load at this time the immune system. A decrease in defenses during pregnancy increases a woman's risk of contracting infections.

The state takes care of the health of the mother and unborn child by providing free vaccinations. What vaccinations do you need to get before pregnancy and can they be done while pregnant? - FAQ future mothers, which we will try to answer below.

Pregnancy and the rubella vaccine

During pregnancy, a woman is required to be vaccinated against rubella, because if infected, the virus affects the fetus. Rubella is dangerous for a pregnant woman increased likelihood miscarriage or pathology prenatal development fetus The cause of deformities in 20% of children born is congenital rubella. Among other pathologies, deafness, blindness and mental retardation are often found in newborn children.

According to calendarrubella vaccine before pregnancyrecommended to do 3 months before conception. Vaccination with "Rubella vaccine live attenuated" is done once. Immunity after vaccination protects a woman for 20 years.

Immunization against rubella is often also carried out with combination vaccines, which protect against several infections at once: rubella, mumps and measles. For such vaccination against rubella, measles and mumps when planning pregnancy, combined live attenuated vaccines Priorix and Infanrix are used.

How many months can I get pregnant after getting rubella vaccine? - a woman must be protected at least 2, and preferably 3 months. Why can't you get pregnant soon after getting rubella? - because the rubella vaccine strain virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta.

Rubella vaccination during pregnancy is strictly contraindicated because the vaccine contains a live virus that can be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus.

Parents are often interested in - is it possible to vaccinate against rubella for a child if the mother is pregnant? Although the rubella vaccine is a live, attenuated virus, it does not spread after vaccination. After all, the vaccine is administered by injection and not taken orally. Vaccinating a child against rubella is not a reason for concern for a pregnant mother. On the contrary, the child will be protected from rubella infection and will not be able to infect you.

Polio vaccination and pregnancy

In some European countries, polio vaccination is mandatory for women planning a pregnancy. In Russia, it is not mandatory because the risk of contracting wild polio virus is negligible. Greatest danger represents the live polio vaccine virus, and pregnancy is a risk factor for infection. Vaccination of children against polio is included in Russian calendar mandatory scheduled vaccinations.

Live and inactivated (weakened) vaccines are used to vaccinate children. For children under 3 years of age, the inactivated vaccine “Imovax Polio” is used, which is not dangerous to others. However, for vaccination of children after 3 years of age, the live OPV vaccine is used in the form of drops in the mouth. After the OPV vaccine, the polio virus is released into the environment and is dangerous for team members and families. The question inevitably arises: is it possible to vaccinate a child against polio if the mother is pregnant?

Important! If there is a pregnant mother in the family, the child should be vaccinated not with a live vaccine, but with an inactivated one.

Considering the fact that a pregnant woman is at risk of contracting the vaccine strain of the polio virus even in her own family, the expectant mother needs vaccination. If you are planning a pregnancy, vaccination should be done 2 months before conception. For preventive vaccination, the inactivated vaccine “Imovax Polio” or “Pentaxim” is used.

Vaccination of pregnant women against tetanus and diphtheria with the ADS-M vaccine

When planning a pregnancy, vaccination is necessary if, according to the calendar, it is time for the next vaccination, which is done every 10 years. Immunization against tetanus and diphtheria is done with one vaccine - ADS-M.

When planning a pregnancy, a tetanus vaccine is given with the ADS-M vaccine 1 month before conception. It is necessary for a pregnant woman to prevent tetanus in newborn babies. The born baby does not have its own antibodies to tetanus, but will receive them through the mother's milk if she is vaccinated.

And if a woman is not vaccinated, is it possible to existing pregnancy get a tetanus shot? Vaccination with the ADS-M vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria, as well as (plus whooping cough) is contraindicated for pregnant women. During pregnancy, vaccination with the ADS-M vaccine early stages may cause miscarriage, and in more cases late date, perhaps the development of a “frozen” pregnancy. In this case, you will have to resort to it medical interruption.

When planning pregnancy, the diphtheria vaccination is given a month before conception, if more than 10 years have passed since the last vaccination. For immunization, the ADS-M vaccine is used against tetanus and diphtheria. When planning a pregnancy, vaccination with the ADS-M vaccine is given at the clinic free of charge.

Vaccination of pregnant women against influenza

Pregnant women are especially at risk of contracting the flu. When planning a pregnancy, a flu shot should be done 2-3 months before, if updated vaccines for the upcoming season have already arrived by this time. Typically, flu vaccines are available in September for routine immunization of the population. If you missed the seasonal vaccination, you can get vaccinated 1 month before pregnancy with the Grippol vaccine.

Can I get a flu shot during pregnancy? According to WHO recommendations, influenza vaccination is carried out in all countries of the world. In the Russian Federation, flu vaccination for pregnant women has been mandatory since 2014. According to the new schedule of preventive routine vaccinations, all pregnant women should be vaccinated against influenza, unless they have contraindications. For influenza vaccination during an existing pregnancy, the children's vaccine "Grippol Plus" is used.

Hepatitis B vaccine

Hepatitis B is known to be transmitted through blood through instruments and syringes. During pregnancy, a woman will undergo various injections, examinations and other necessary manipulations, so she needs a vaccination against hepatitis B.

When planning a pregnancy, three-time vaccination against hepatitis B must be completed 6 months before. In this case, immunity will last for 15 years. If it is not possible to get vaccinated according to this plan, then the first vaccination can be done 3 months before pregnancy, and the second - 2 months before. In this case, double vaccination will create immunity for 1 year. The third vaccination to strengthen immunity will have to be done after birth. The hepatitis vaccine is easily tolerated and in most cases manifests itself only as a local reaction at the injection site.

For vaccination against hepatitis B, the highly purified Engerix B vaccine, created by genetic engineering, is used. Engerix B is used to vaccinate newborns and people at risk.

Is it possible to get vaccinated against hepatitis during pregnancy? The effect of the vaccine on the fetus has not been identified. Although the risk of exposure of the fetus to inactivated vaccines is negligible, hepatitis vaccinations should only be given during pregnancy if specifically indicated.

Pregnancy and chickenpox vaccination

Can pregnant women be vaccinated against chickenpox? Pregnancy is a contraindication for the use of live vaccines. The live, attenuated virus from the vaccine can penetrate the fetus through the placenta and cause pathology in its development. According to Order No. 375 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the use of all live vaccines is contraindicated for vaccination of pregnant women.

In the event of an unplanned pregnancy, you should know that if you have received your next chickenpox vaccine, then within the next three months after it it is necessary to use contraceptives. In case of contact of a pregnant woman with a patient with chickenpox, it is recommended to administer immunoglobulin, which is ready-made antibodies to the chickenpox virus.

For the expectant mother the most the best option Protect yourself from chickenpox by getting vaccinated during the planning period. Before pregnancy, the chickenpox vaccine is given 4 months before conception. The Okavax or Varilrix vaccines are used for immunization.

Rabies vaccination during pregnancy

Vaccination against rabies is carried out in Russia only for epidemic indications for persons who are directly or indirectly related to the virus at work. Since no one is insured against accidents and it happens that a sick dog bites a pregnant woman, the natural question is: is it possible to vaccinate pregnant women against rabies? The rabies vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy, but if bitten by a sick animal, there are no contraindications. The fact is that infection with the rabies virus without vaccination clearly ends in death. In this case, there is no other choice - choose the lesser of two evils. Rabies vaccination is carried out with an inactivated vaccine and its Negative influence not noted on the fetus. In case of a bite in severe cases, additional administration of rabies immunoglobulin is used.

In Russia, women working in laboratories related to the rabies virus are given preventive vaccinations against rabies and when planning pregnancy. The vaccination course in preparation for pregnancy must be completed 1 month before it. In the case of a long-term trip to countries that are unaffected by rabies, a woman who is planning a pregnancy also needs to get a preventive vaccination a month before departure.

According to the vaccination schedule, the Kokav vaccine is used for vaccination against rabies. It should be taken into account that preventive vaccinations are given every 3 years.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis during pregnancy

Immunization against tick-borne encephalitis is not included in the calendar when planning pregnancy. Vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis when planning pregnancy are given only in endemic areas. When planning pregnancy, vaccination should be completed 1–1.5 months before conception, depending on the vaccination schedule. It should be taken into account that if one regular vaccination is missed, which occurred during pregnancy, then after childbirth it is enough to do one revaccination, and not to carry out the entire course again. For immunization, preparations "" or "" are used.

Can pregnant women already be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis? According to the instructions for the vaccine, it is contraindicated during pregnancy, since the effect of the vaccine on the fetus has not been sufficiently studied.

What if a woman gets vaccinated against ticks and then finds out that she is pregnant? No studies have been conducted on the use of the vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis, so there is no evidence of a negative effect of the vaccine on the fetus. In any case, you need to consult an infectious disease doctor and be observed by a gynecologist during pregnancy.

Vaccination for pregnant women with negative Rhesus

If the mother and father of the child have Rh negative blood, then the problem of Rh conflict in the child will not arise. In this case, the baby, like the mother, will have Rh negative blood. If the father of the child has Rh positive blood, then the child may also be positive, and then there is a risk of developing Rh blood conflict. When the mother's blood is Rh negative, the fetus or child may develop hemolytic disease. At negative rhesus During pregnancy, mothers are vaccinated with immunoglobulin. Currently, there are several such drugs:

• "KamROU";
• "Resonator";
• "Immunoro Kedrion";
• BayRho-D;
• "HyperROU S/D";
• Partobulin SDF.

The anti-Rh vaccine for pregnant women prevents the mother from forming antibodies to the Rh factor of the fetus. In the mother's body, immunoglobulin destroys positive red blood cells of the fetus, which in small quantities reach the mother through the placenta. This means that the mother's blood will not produce antibodies. After all, it is antibodies that are dangerous for the development of the child and the course of pregnancy. As a result of blood conflict, the child develops hemolytic disease. Anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin introduced for Rh negative women V following cases:

• during childbirth;
• after an abortion or miscarriage;
• after surgical intervention by interruption ectopic pregnancy;
• after childbirth.

The first vaccination for Rhesus conflict should be given to pregnant women at 28 weeks at a dose of 300 mcg. The second vaccination is carried out within 72 hours after birth. If the father's blood is Rh-negative, then immunoglobulin is not used. After administration of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin during pregnancy, the likelihood of the mother developing antibodies decreases from 17% to 0.2%. And administration of the vaccine within 72 hours after birth reduces the likelihood of developing antibodies from 0.2 to 0.06%.

What are the possible consequences of immunoglobulin vaccination during pregnancy? After the use of immunoglobulin, a reaction at the injection site in the form of hyperemia, as well as fever and dyspeptic disorders are most often observed. In very rare cases it develops allergic reaction up to allergic shock.

Preparing for pregnancy includes vaccination against many infections that are dangerous not only for the mother, but also for the unborn child. By vaccinating yourself, you are vaccinating your unborn child. After all, the mother’s immunity is transferred to the baby not only with blood, but also with mother’s milk after birth. This is why children breastfeeding much healthier babies on artificial nutrition.