What are the best hours to sunbathe? How to get a beautiful and even tan? Contraindications and n rendering for tanning

Sunburn is quite useful for the body, but only in those cases when it is acquired in moderation. Enjoying sunbathing requires a responsible approach, otherwise the risk of sunburn increases. It will be no less pleasant to face sun or heat stroke.

But the most serious dangerous consequence Excessive exposure to sunlight is considered to be the development of skin cancer, which has become increasingly common in recent years. To avoid similar consequences it is important to know the basic rules for getting a tan and what hours it is best to sunbathe.

by the most important aspect safe tanning is considered right choice optimal time for solar procedures. This information is well known, but in pursuit of a beautiful skin tone, many simply forget the following universal rules:

• The peak of solar activity falls on the time period from 11-00 to 16-00. During this period, it is not recommended to be in direct sunlight, because the risk of skin damage is extremely high. This warning should be taken with special care by owners of light sensitive skin.
• It's better to go to the beach morning time until 11:00 and in the evening - after 16:00. It is during this period of time that it is possible to obtain an even skin tone.
• You need to take a gradual approach to getting a tan, and not lie under the scorching rays all day long. To begin with, 5 minutes of being under the sun is enough, and in the following days the specified amount of time can be gradually increased.
• Experts insist that the maximum time for being in direct sunlight is a time period of 2 hours.

Even tan: a few golden rules

A beautiful and even tan depends not only on knowing what hours you can sunbathe. Getting the desired result depends largely on right approach to the process.

Basic rules for obtaining nice tan presented:

• Before you go to the beach, you need to take care of protecting the skin around the eyes and hair. To do this, use sunglasses and panama.
• It is important not to forget about permanent shift positions while under the scorching sun. So, it is recommended to change the position every 5 minutes so that both the back and the stomach alternately warm up.
• Upon returning from the beach, be sure to take a cool shower, and treat the skin with a nourishing cream.
• Coming out of the water, it is not recommended to dry the skin. It is better to wait for it to dry naturally, which will be the key to the formation of a beautiful shade.
• To avoid sunburn and skin peeling, it is recommended to use special creams.

Guided by the information at what hours it is impossible to sunbathe under the scorching sun, it will be possible to prevent serious damage to the skin. Unfortunately, often people simply ignore the recommendations regarding the optimal time for sunbathing in the hope of quickly achieving a change in skin tone. For these purposes, it is better to use more gentle means and methods that exclude such a negative effect on the body.

So, adding freshly squeezed juices with carrots and apricots to the daily diet will help speed up the process of forming a beautiful tan. But the safest way to speed up the appearance of the desired shade is the use of special creams that enhance the tan.

Such preparations are also good in that they not only contribute to the formation of a beautiful tan, but also reduce the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. The formation of a swarthy shade occurs due to the activation of the production special pigment- melanin. As a result of the use of protective agents, a person becomes the owner of an even and beautiful tan, as well as moisturized and healthy skin.

Sunscreen should be treated on the skin half an hour before going to the beach. And while staying in direct sunlight, it is also important not to forget about the need for regular application of the cream to the skin.

You should remember what hours you can sunbathe in the sun and the maximum allowable amount of time that you can spend in direct sunlight. So, after half an hour of enjoying sunbathing, it is recommended to move for a while to a shaded place.

When determining the optimal time spent under the sun's rays, it is necessary to be guided by the phototypes of people. So, owners of light sensitive skin are not recommended to be continuously in the sun for more than half an hour. But people with dark skin can sunbathe for about 1 hour.

Sunbathe wisely and bring not only souvenirs from your vacation, but also a beautiful bronze tan!

Video about safe tanning time

Update: October 2018

A beautiful, even tan looks attractive, and many people rush to get their “dosage of the sun” as soon as the weather becomes acceptable for sunbathing. Today, swarthy skin is fashionable, beautiful and attractive, and also useful to some extent.

Skin types and sun sensitivity

Why can some people lie on a sun lounger for hours and not “burn out”, while others only need to go to the store in an open T-shirt so that their shoulders are covered with a treacherous red color? The point is different skin phototypes, of which there are 6 in total. 4 types are relevant for Russia.

1. Celtic. Very light, thin, pinkish skin that does not tan well, turns red in the sun. Sunburn is very common. Such people make up about 5% of the population of Russia. They are also characterized by light eyes (blue, gray), blonde hair, an abundance of freckles.
2. Light-skinned European. Light skin, tans, but the tan is light brown. When the recommended time in the sun increases, burns occur. Light eyes (green, gray, blue), hair color - from light to brown. The prevailing majority of the population of Russia (60-65%).
3. black european. dark skin, tan lays down evenly, brown th. People with such skin make up 20-25% of the population of the Russian Federation, have light brown eyes, dark blond hair, brown hair.
4. Mediterranean. Dark, slightly rough skin. The tan goes on evenly and has a beautiful bronzed finish. chocolate color. This is about 8-10% of the population of Russia: they have dark brown eyes and hair from brown to brunette.

For people with different skin types, there are different recommendations for tanning.

What is solar radiation

Sunlight consists of visible (which can be seen after a thunderstorm in the form of a rainbow) and invisible rays, located on both sides of the solar spectrum. The rays adjacent to the red part of the spectrum are called infrared (IR), and those beyond the violet end are called ultraviolet (UV).

UV accounts for only 5% of solar radiation. But it is this area that is distinguished by biological activity. The effect of rays on the body depends on the wavelength.

• soft, longwave UVA radiation, 315-400 nm. 95% of all UV radiation. Doesn't linger ozone layer, penetrates well into the skin and reaches the subcutaneous tissue, affects the vessels and connective tissue fibers of the dermis, in the eyes reaches the lens. Provides a number of positive and negative effects, which we will write about below.
• Medium wave, UVB, 280-315 nm, 5-3%. It penetrates only into the epidermis, and in the eyes it is absorbed by the cornea. Causes skin burns, and if eyes are not protected, corneal burns.
• Hard, shortwave UVC radiation, 100-280 nm. Retained by the ozone layer.

Hard rays and almost all medium-wavelength radiation are delayed by the ozone layer, but due to the decrease in its thickness, which has been observed in recent decades (0.5 -0.7% per year), the latter also affect humans. Therefore, discussions about safe tanning in the current environmental situation are conditional.

The benefits of sunbathing

The sun determines life on our planet. Yes, the inhabitants of the middle lane so lack these gentle rays of the sun, which cheer up. So ultraviolet:

• activates the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin, which is necessary for the absorption of phosphorus and calcium. The main function of the latter in the body is to strengthen bones, muscles and heal wounds, prevent rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults;
• helps to cure skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, acne;
• detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms. In 1903, the Danish physician Niels Finsen in experimental studies proved that the sun's rays can be used to treat tuberculosis of the skin, for which he received the Nobel Prize.
• activates the course of most vital processes: blood circulation, respiration, work endocrine system and metabolism in general;
• are one of the elements of hardening the body, which means it helps to strengthen the overall defenses and increase resistance to infections;
• helps to cope with winter depression, chronic stress and reduced work capacity by activating the production of the hormone serotonin.

All these beneficial effects do not require you to roast in the sun all day. Enough 15-minute sunbathing, which is received in safe time, 2-3 times a week during the summer to improve health and get the right dose of vitamin D.

Harm

Excessive sun exposure is harmful to health. Ultraviolet:

• Accelerate skin photoaging (solar elastosis)), which happens anyway, because we live under the sun. Excess UVA leads to the destruction of collagen fibers in tissues and flabbiness, wrinkling of the skin, which becomes dull and unattractive. UVB stimulates the growth of epidermal cells, which thickens and becomes rough.
• Causes skin hyperpigmentation- the formation of ugly yellow-brown areas that are very difficult to "bring out", and other benign anomalies of melanocytes: melanocytic nevi, freckles, lentigo.
• Suppresses immune system responses(decrease in the number of T and B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulin-G), in particular, cause the activation of the herpes virus.
• Dehydrates the skin, makes it dry, rough, dull, rough.
• May cause photokeratoconjunctivitis, cataracts.
• Is a risk factor for melanoma- a malignant tumor of the skin, progressing at a high rate, and other types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma.

According to statistics, melanoma ranks 2nd in terms of the prevalence of oncopathology in young women, and every year this most dangerous disease"younger". In terms of mortality, melanoma also ranks second after lung cancer. Both a natural source of UV and artificially created by man, for example, a solarium, can provoke melanoma.

According to statistics International agency skin cancer research increased risk development of this pathology have people with pale skin, blue eyes and blond or red hair (phototype 1), with freckles (pigmentation), a large number of moles, as well as persons with a family history of this pathology. In addition, the results of many years of research have shown that greatest danger in the development of melanoma are frequent sunburns.

Fans of "frying" in the sun may grin and think that this is another horror story, because many of them have been sunbathing for a certain number of years and are alive and well. The damage from an excess of ultraviolet radiation does not appear immediately, but has a delayed effect: a cumulative effect develops, which can lead to skin cancer!

Sunburn is a reaction of the skin in response to the damaging effect of solar radiation, which, by the way, affects human skin in any weather.

Under the influence of the sun, responses occur in the epidermis, and in special cells - melanocytes - the melanin pigment begins to be produced, which stains the skin in the very desired chocolate color. Moreover, UVA activates the melanin pigment already present in the cells and is responsible for a quick tan that quickly appears and disappears, while UVB stimulates the formation of new melanin and the development of a long-term tan.

From this it is clear that when tanning, our skin protects itself and the body as a whole from the further harmful effects of the sun, but does not heal in any way: dark tan equivalent to SPF 2-4. The implementation of the mechanism of this protection takes time, and you need to sunbathe gradually, always using sunscreen. Remember this, basking in its rays, and do not violate the described rules for safe tanning!

How to sunbathe without harm to health

Is sunbathing good or bad? The answer is ambiguous and is on two scales:

• useful if you follow the rules of safe tanning,
• harmful if neglected.

The intensity of solar radiation increases:

• approaching the equator;
• in the mountains (up to 16% for every 1000 m above sea level);
• near water.

Sensitivity to solar radiation is stronger:

• immediately after winter or in winter (if a person goes to hot countries from the middle lane);
• after physical exertion;
• with dehydration;
• after depilation and peeling, rejuvenating injections, permanent make-up;
• in children, pregnant women and the elderly.

Basic rules for safe tanning

• How to quickly get a tan in the sun without violating the recommendations? 7-10 days before you start sunbathing (for example, before the proposed vacation), start taking a complex of vitamins C, E and A, which are powerful antioxidants and block free radicals produced in the skin when exposed to UV radiation. For the same purpose, it is recommended to enrich the diet with carrots, tomatoes, apricots, citrus fruits, seafood and spinach.
• At what temperature can you sunbathe? Optimum temperature for sunbathing: 22-25 0 C. However, in resort conditions, t is always higher. That is why it is better to come to the beach early in the morning or at sunset.
• Sunbathe gradually. In the first days, people with skin types 1 and 2 need 5-10 minutes of sunbathing, and naturally swarthy (skin types 3 and 4) can increase this period to 15-20 minutes. Moreover, it is better to spend this time under a canopy or an umbrella: on average, 65% of UV rays will still reach the skin.
• Increase the duration of sunbathing gradually adding 5-10 minutes every day.
• How much can you sunbathe during the day? Max Time safe continuous exposure to the sun, namely tanning - 60-120 minutes.
• Refrain from sunbathing between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun is at its strongest and there is a risk of getting burned.
• What time to sunbathe? As for the safest time, it falls in the morning before 10 o'clock, and in the evening, after 17.00 and before sunset.
• Use sunscreen with UVB- and UVA-protective filters, choosing the protection factor according to the skin type. There is a rule: the lighter and more sensitive the skin, the greater the degree of protection should be. For children, creams with maximum protection factors should be purchased. Apply them before going out and even before entering the water - water surface reflects the sun's rays, and 15-20 minutes of fun swimming can result in a sunburn. If the selected cream is not waterproof, it should be reapplied to the skin after bathing.
• It is also very important to dry the skin with a towel after bathing. because the water droplets attract the sun's rays and work like a magnifying glass to enhance your tan.
• Approximately half of the daily dose of ultraviolet we receive from reflected or scattered light, and the intensity of radiation in this case can be even higher than when tanned by direct sunlight. Therefore, being under a canopy or an umbrella, we must not forget about protective equipment for the skin.
• Most sensitive to the sun Shoulders, knees, chest, forehead, nose. Often the ears, neck and lips remain unprotected - for some reason, many people forget about these parts of the body. The product must be applied to the entire surface of the skin, which is exposed to the sun's rays, and there are special balms for the lips.
• To protect age spots and moles, sunscreen should be used locally., and those that have a protection factor SPF 50+. The second option is to seal these places with a small piece of plaster.
• Protect your head with a cap or wide-brimmed hat : this is prevention sunstroke and protection of hair from overdrying and burnout. Also, special mousses with photoprotective properties can be applied to the hair.
• Do not use tanning activators, products with a "teagle" effect. They contain irritants that accelerate local blood circulation and the speed of tanning, significantly increasing the risk of burns. Do not use tanning oils - they, like the surface of the water, attract the sun's rays.
• Do not use decorative cosmetics and perfume when going to the beach: they can provoke a burn, focal depigmentation.
• Wear quality sunglasses with 100% UV protection.
• Pick up light clothing which is made from natural materials. Synthetics can transmit up to 50% of ultraviolet radiation and cause overheating of the skin.
• Do not sunbathe on an empty stomach or immediately after eating.
• Drink plenty of pure water while in the sun. But you can’t take alcohol, drink sweet soda, strong coffee in the heat!
• Sunbathe actively, for example, playing ball or walking along the coast. With a long and motionless lying in one position, blood circulation will slow down and the risk of overheating increases. It is especially dangerous to sunbathe in the sun in a dream - there is a high probability of not only a burn, but also a sunstroke.
• Remember to turn over every 4-5 minutes if you sunbathe horizontally.
• If your skin turns red or you get burned- stop sunbathing skin covering will not fully recover.

Can children sunbathe in the sun?

You can, but the rules are even stricter:

• Children should take sun baths only in the shade. For a child to tan, reflected sunlight is enough;
• The skin should be protected with a cream with a protection factor of 30-50 SPF;
• The head must be protected by panama, it is best to wear a cotton or linen T-shirt on the body;
• Give your child a drink clean water as often as possible.

Remember - the shorter your shadow, the higher the risk of burns! Why can't you sunbathe at noon? It's simple - the intensity of solar radiation during this period of time increases 10 times! And your skin gets 10 times more damage!

Who is contraindicated for tanning?

Absolute contraindications to tanning are:

• sun allergy, photodermatitis. Sun exposure leads to the development of hypersensitivity reactions;
• treatment with drugs that have a photosensitizing effect: psoralen, psoberan, beroxan, ammifurin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fetothiazine derivatives and others. Even after a short exposure to the sun, people taking these drugs may develop phototoxic and photoallergic reactions such as severe sunburn or prolonged allergic dermatitis;
• albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by total absence melanin pigment. Such people need special protection from the sun, which develops visual disturbances and sunburn;
• oncological diseases of any localization. UV rays accelerate the growth of tumors and the likelihood of their metastasis;
• mastopathy and condition after breast cancer treatment. In the first case, the degeneration of the process into a malignant one is possible, and in the second - a relapse;
• diseases thyroid gland and other endocrine organs in the acute stage. High probability of developing autoimmune processes;
• hyperthermia. In the sun, the body temperature will be even higher;
• acute infectious processes. An organism weakened by infection should not be exposed to sunlight - the course of the disease may worsen and serious complications develop;
• early recovery period after peeling, anti-aging procedures, including beauty injections, Botox - tanning is fraught with burns, as well as a violation of the expected effect.
• Relative contraindications to tanning are:
• children's age up to 2-3 years. The skin of babies is very thin, practically does not have a subcutaneous protective layer, it differs hypersensitivity to sunlight and quickly "burns out";
• elderly age. People over 60-65 years old, as a rule, already have a bunch of diseases, including arterial hypertension, IHD, and exposure to the open sun can be dangerous - it can cause an exacerbation of the disease, a sharp jump in blood pressure and other life-threatening conditions;
• pregnancy. Women in position usually do not tolerate heat well. In addition, exposure to the sun can increase blood pressure, which poses a risk to the normal course of pregnancy. Almost all sources write that it is impossible to sunbathe in the sun in the early and later dates pregnancy: an increase in body temperature can provoke a miscarriage or premature birth. Increased production of melanin often leads to the appearance of focal pigmentation - chloasma. In any case, is it possible for pregnant women to sunbathe in the sun, you need to check with the gynecologist leading the pregnancy;
• the presence of large dysplastic nevi - it is they who most often degenerate into cancer;
• people suffering from chronic cardiovascular, autoimmune, endocrine diseases, pathologies of the nervous system. Under the influence of UV, diseases can become aggravated and progress;
• patients with benign neoplasms, as well as with the so-called precancerous diseases. In both the first and second cases, there is a risk of developing oncopathology.

How to choose sunscreen for safe sunbathing

The main purpose of any sunscreen is to protect. "Bonus" effects, such as moisturizing, skin regeneration and even fixing a tan, are rather advertising tricks: first of all, a sunscreen should protect against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

All of them can be divided into 2 large groups - blocking (Sunblock) and shielding ultraviolet. The first ones are preferable because they protect better and rarely cause allergies. It is also good if the product is waterproof - you do not have to reapply it after bathing.

The determining factor is the SPF protection factor, the value of which is calculated based on the minimum erythemal dose: the time of exposure to solar radiation, after which redness occurs on the skin. In fact, this indicator indicates the degree of reduction in solar radiation that can be obtained when using the product. good remedy should protect against both UVA and UVB.

• For children and owners of the "aristocratic" skin type (type 1), products with a protection factor of 50-60 SPF are suitable;
• For people with skin type 2, creams with a protection factor of 25-30 SPF are suitable;
• For everyone else - products with protection of 15-20 SPF.
• The abbreviation PPD means that the remedy prevents skin aging and reduces the risk of developing melanoma.

As UV filters, chemical compounds are used - titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, benzophenone, camphor derivatives, salicylates, as well as a number of organic compounds - chamomile extract, aloe, shea butter and others.

As for the type of protective equipment, the recommendations are conditional. People with oily and acne-prone skin are recommended to use light gels and fluids, while creams are more suitable for those with dry skin.

After tanning, you can use products with vitamins B5, E, dexpanthenol to soothe the skin and promote its regeneration.

Independent studies have shown that it is not always possible to trust the SPF value indicated on the jar. Also among physicians there is no single time whether it is possible to prevent skin cancer by applying sun cream. Clothing and the exclusion of prolonged exposure to the sun are considered more serious protection. But, if you are going to sunbathe, it is better to use a cream than to refuse it.

It should be understood that sunscreens are not intended to prolong the possibility of being in the sun, but to protect the skin from the harmful effects of sunlight during tanning, observing the recommended time.

Is it possible to tan without the sun?

This question is of particular interest to those who are contraindicated in sunbathing or, for certain reasons, cannot sunbathe.

So, how to tan without the sun:

• Use of self-tanner. Perhaps this is one of the most safe ways(relatively) get beautiful shade skin. However, this method cannot be called a “tan”, rather, it is a substitute.
• Visit to the solarium (photorium). Settings for fake tan has long been called a great evil, and it is not uncommon for girls to go to the solarium all year round, turning into grilled chicken with flabby, overdried and unattractive skin. Initially, the solarium was used only for therapeutic purposes, but today it has almost completely moved into the category of equipment for commercial use. The intensity of radiation in the devices can be 10-15 times higher than solar radiation, and if at the same time people neglect the recommendations and visit the solarium uncontrollably, the damage to the skin is obvious (photoaging, the formation of free radicals). An increase in the risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer when using a solarium has been experimentally proven.
• The use of oral preparations for self-tanning. This method is banned in many countries because it is unsafe for health. The composition of the preparations includes canthaxanthin - a pigment that colors the skin (deposited in the tissues). The intensity of the "tan" depends on the amount of the drug taken and the content of canthaxanthin. This pigment breaks off not only in the skin, but can also get on the retina, causing severe irritation - canthaxanthin retinopathy. In addition to this serious complication, such side effects, How pruritus, allergic rashes, diarrhea, nausea, drug-induced hepatitis and others.

The entire arsenal of self-tanning products can be divided into 3 categories:

• bronzers. Powders, creams and gels that are applied to the face and give the skin desired shade;
• tan accelerators. A dangerous category of agents that enhance the action of ultraviolet rays. One of the main substances in their composition is tyrosine, which activates the synthesis of melanin. When using these products, the skin receives many times more harmful radiation.
• means for self-tanning (autobronzants). They stain the skin, but do not protect against ultraviolet radiation. Those. it is correct to call such skin colored, but not tanned - when going out into the sun, the risk of getting a sunburn is very high: there is no protection from UV rays!

So the benefits safe methods sunless tanning:

• The ability to achieve the desired skin tone without exposing yourself to the risk of burns and other problems. For example, in a situation where you have to go out, and pale skin does not decorate your appearance, self-tanning is an ideal solution.

Flaws:

• As it turned out above, not all self-tanning products are safe, and not all of them are of high quality - they can stain not only the skin, but also clothes.
• If you use such means constantly and uncontrollably, there will definitely be no benefit, and even more beauty.
• The beneficial effect that the sun's rays have with the moderation of their impact, none of the listed means will have.

conclusions

The main negative effect of UV is to accelerate photoaging of the skin and increase the risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer and melanoma. UV is especially dangerous for people with sensitive skin (types 1-2).

If a person is tanned in the sun and boasts of a beautiful "bronze" skin tone - this is far from a sign of health and well-being! In reality, it turns out the other way around - a bronze tan is an established evidence of a well-spent summer and relaxation. well and tanned skin winter is almost the norm for wealthy people. In pursuit of sunbathing, people spend most of their vacation on the beach. Is it worth it for a hard-won skin color that will wash off in a couple of weeks?

If you want to stay healthy and attractive not only in your 20s and 30s, but also in your 40s and 50s, you should not abuse sunbathing. Sunny "surplus" will certainly affect either health or appearance in the future.

Until the end of the 19th century, pale skin was considered a privilege of the upper strata of society and aristocrats. dark skin had then only those people who worked all day long on outdoors. Women used various bleaches (often poisonous) to prevent unwanted tanning.

However, in 1890, the so-called industrial revolution is gaining momentum - a period that becomes the starting point for a change in views regarding swarthy color skin. In Europe, sunlight is recognized as a natural stimulant for bone growth. After long observations, doctors found that its absence or deficiency leads to the development of rickets in children. At the same time, the wealthy segment of the population begins to join sports and outdoor activities. At that time, it even becomes a fashionable trend.

Already in 1891, the first lamp with infrared rays was created, which is the prototype of the modern solarium. Such lamps were used at that time to treat gout and certain skin conditions such as eczema.

Around 1950, the first self-tanners appear.

In 1977, the first solariums appeared in Europe. The popularity of solariums is growing and there are a lot of them. A whole generation of people are sunbathing without visiting resorts, which, as a rule, they “cannot afford”.

Since 1980 and for about 10 years, tanning has been very popular due to the cosmetic boom and the availability of Mediterranean resorts. From here, tanned models appear on the covers of glossy magazines against the backdrop of the beach and the sun.

However, after several decades of insane worship of the sun and opened back side medals, i.e. tan. The incidence of skin cancer has increased. This already led physicians to certain thoughts.

Due to the fact that the negative impact of the sun on people's health was discovered, in 1986 the first SPF 15 filter was created, and only in the 1990s - SPF 30 based on the confirmation of the fact of photoaging by the medical community.

Somewhere since 2005, SPF filters have been an integral part of not only sunscreen (s / s) products, but are also part of decorative cosmetics(shadows, blush, lipstick, etc.).

In 2009, the risks to the skin caused by sunburn are finally and irrevocably confirmed. There is a catastrophic increase in the number of diseases melanoma(a malignant tumor that affects the skin). The WHO states that people who use a tan before the age of 30 are 75% more likely to develop melanoma. At the same time, WHO lists solariums as one of the most carcinogenic habits and substances (along with mustard gas, arsenic and asbestos). And those who are too keen on tanning (both women and men) are called tanoholics(in translation from English “tan” - tan). The fact of a strong dependence on solariums is recognized. Tanorexia is condemned everywhere.

Since 2010, quite stringent measures have been taken regarding tanning. For example, in many European countries for persons under the age of 18, there is now a ban on the use of solariums. However, along with the identification of the harmful effects of sunburn on the skin and the adoption of measures to limit it, physicians are also concerned about the complete rejection of the sun. There are many examples of bone problems in adults, as well as rickets in children. All this is due to a lack of vitamin D, which is produced by our body under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) rays.

About the tan

Sunburn is a darkening of the skin of varying degrees under the influence of UV rays due to the synthesis and cumulation (accumulation) of a special pigment ( melanin) in the lower layers of the skin. Tanning can be natural (sunlight) or artificial (tanning bed). The first phase of tanning is manifested by mild physiological erythema (redness). After that, the skin gradually darkens, i.e. gets a tan.

Our skin consists of 3 layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The top layer (epidermis) is made up of cells. melanocytes. These cells synthesize melanin, which has the ability to protect the skin from burns, while giving it dark shade. At different people the body produces different amounts of melanin, so some are less sensitive, while others are more sensitive to sunlight. It depends on the person.

Sunlight stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin. The more melanin, the darker the skin becomes. Synthesis of melanin is carried out for a certain time. It is known that about 1 hour is enough to activate melanocytes; if so much time is allocated daily for tanning during the week, the pigment accumulates in the cells to a level at which the protective function is carried out. As for dark-skinned people, their production of melanin is carried out continuously. Their skin is always pigmented and somewhat better protected from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. By the way, the incidence of skin cancer in such people is lower.

As mentioned earlier, under the influence of UV rays, our body produces vitamin D, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which, in turn, are responsible for the normal state of the musculoskeletal system, as well as for wound healing.

To maintain the proper level of vitamin D in the body, it is enough to expose your face and hands to the sun for 5-15 minutes 2-3 times a week during the summer season.

• UV radiation stimulates most of the processes associated with metabolism, respiration, blood circulation, endocrine system, etc.
• Sunbathing is a good helper in the case of muscle pain and rheumatic phenomena, as well as an excellent prevention of osteoporosis and fractures.
• Under the influence of UV rays, the amount of antibodies in the blood increases significantly, which increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases.
• Sunbathing is also used in the treatment of the following skin diseases: eczema, psoriasis, etc.
• Among other things, UV radiation has a beneficial effect on nervous system, fighting stress and positively influencing our mood.

About UV radiation

Sunlight reaches our Earth in 3 forms: infrared (thermal) rays, light rays (visible light) and UV rays. The latter are divided into 3 groups:

1. UVA rays - long waves(“near ultraviolet”). The Earth's surface reaches 95% of these rays. They are one of the sources of formation of free radicals, which are the global cause of aging. Compared to UVB rays, they are the most dangerous in terms of provoking skin cancer, and contribute to the formation of melanoma. Not always the harmful effects of UVA rays are blocked by protective substances - solar filters, and the main means of protection is clothing.

1. UVB rays are medium waves. Only 5% of these rays reach the Earth's surface, but they are stronger and more dangerous, and therefore this content is sufficient for their destructive effect. UVB rays are most active between 10:00 and 16:00, but they are not able to penetrate clouds and glass. They provoke many problems associated with the skin, incl. photoaging (compared to UVA rays to a lesser extent). It is UVB rays that provide the beginning of melanin synthesis. Harmful effect almost completely blocked by most solar filters.

1. UVC rays - short waves. They are filtered out in the atmosphere and never reach the surface of the Earth, which means they have no effect. That is why only the first 2 groups of UV rays are used for sun protection: UVA and UVB.

UV radiation is enhanced by the fact that UV rays tend to reflect off various surfaces. For example, snow reflects 90% of the rays. In this regard, when skiing, you can get "snow blindness" and severe skin burns. Sand reflects up to 20% of UVB rays. Water also reflects UV rays, so the sun on the beach, for example, is considered more dangerous.

Sunburn

Sun protection

In order to get all the beneficial properties of sunbathing, you need to know how to sunbathe properly.

Firstly, all kinds of visors, awnings, umbrellas, as well as light hats and spacious clothes in light colors are great for protecting against UV rays.

The use of sunscreens (mainly creams) is based on the action of 2 types of filters in their composition, namely organic or inorganic substances. The overall effectiveness of such funds is estimated by the number SPF(protection factor, Sun Protection Factor). SPF shows how many times thanks to a sunscreen you can increase the duration of sun exposure, and can range from 2 to 100. The choice of SPF depends on the person's phototype, climatic conditions in which he tans, the frequency of sunbathing and other factors.

If you want to protect yourself from 2 groups of UV rays at once, use a C / C product that contains both organic (protect against UVB rays) and inorganic (protect against UVA rays) filters. The latter include zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and other substances.

C / s products not only protect the skin from UV radiation and promote the production of melanin, but also give it softness.

According to experts, the protective power of a previously acquired natural or artificial tan is approximately equal to the power of a sunscreen product with an SPF of 2-3, and is not a strong helper in protecting the skin from sunburn.

after sunbathing

To avoid dryness and premature aging skin after sunbathing, it is desirable to use moisturizing and nourishing products, which may include, for example, aloe, oil grape seed, seaweed extract, antioxidant vitamins and other components. There are a great many of them. These products are also used to relieve irritation on the skin and eliminate peeling. They are also believed to fix and prolong the life of the tan.

At home, in the absence of special means, you can use egg yolk, strong black tea, aloe juice or raw potatoes, sour cream, slices of fresh cucumber (for the face), etc.

An alternative to natural tanning

1. Self-tanners – These are cosmetic products (cream, spray) that give the skin a dark shade of varying intensity. Modern self-tanners provoke the production of melanin by skin cells. They lay flat on the skin and look quite natural. They are supplied with various useful components and are used as additional funds skin care. However, like any cosmetic product, self-tanning can cause allergic reaction. In addition, the health benefits of using self-tanners are questionable.

A few rules for sunbathing properly

Harm sunburn is the abuse of sunbathing. In order for the tan to only benefit you, remember a few simple recommendations:

• never sunbathe for more than 20 minutes on the first day;
• the time spent in the sun should increase gradually;
• 1 hour of tanning time daily is enough;
• try to avoid direct sunlight between 10:00 and 16:00;
• especially careful need to be pregnant and children;
• consider your phototype;
• use special s / s products;
• Apply any s / s product to the skin 20 minutes before sunbathing;
• it is best to sunbathe one hour after eating;
• Drink plenty of fluids before, during and after sunbathing.

Instruction

Before visiting a solarium, you should consult with your doctor, as with some diseases, the tanning procedure can be dangerous to health (hypertension, tuberculosis, dermatitis, liver disease). Experts do not recommend taking such ultraviolet baths during pregnancy, while breastfeeding, on critical days. Sunburn can lie unevenly with hormonal disruptions in the body. Sunburn is harmful when taking certain medications, many drugs provoke an allergic reaction to ultraviolet light.

Do not shower with soap before tanning. Detergent dissolves the fatty film on the skin, as a result you dry the skin or burn it. For the same reason, it is not recommended to do hair removal before a solarium. To get an even tan in the solarium, use special cosmetics, designed for these purposes (not suitable for sunburn). Apply according to skin type protective cream and apply moisturizer after sun exposure.

In each cabin, the number of lamps and their power is different. Therefore, it is better to consult with the administrator how much you should sunbathe. The specialist will select for you optimal time tanning and its intensity (much also depends on skin type). The first session should last no more than five minutes, subsequent sessions gradually increase to fifteen minutes.

Remove all jewelry. Do not use cosmetics, deodorants, aromatic oils, nourishing creams and perfume. The results when heated can be unpredictable. Protect your eyes while tanning by wearing goggles. Be sure to remove contact lenses if you have them, otherwise you can harm your eyes. Ultraviolet rays destroy and dry the hair structure, they become brittle and dull. So always protect them with a cotton cap. It is not recommended to sunbathe with an open chest (especially after thirty years), put on a cotton bra.

If there are tattoos on the body, it is better to cover them before tanning. Some dyes can cause allergies when irradiated or fade. During tanning, your body spends a lot of energy, as ultraviolet rays speed up the metabolism. Therefore, it is best to relax after a solarium, relax, drink a cup of green tea or a vitamin drink, limit physical activity. And remember that the skin after sunburn needs moisturizing.

Sunburn: is it useful

“It’s harmful to sunbathe in the sun!”, “The sun ages the skin!”, “Lying on the beach you can get cancer!”, “Sunburn only burns!” We've all heard those sayings at least once. But are they as fair as is commonly believed?

Indeed, the scorching sun can cause great harm to the skin and body. If you sunbathe in moderation and follow certain rules, then sunbathing becomes a useful and enjoyable experience.

Proper tanning helps in the fight against skin diseases. So, sunbathing with psoriasis is not only possible, but even necessary. The sun's rays have a beneficial effect on the condition of the patient's skin, reduce itching and discomfort. In combination with treatment, tanning helps to get rid of diseases such as fungus, eczema, acne, etc.

In addition, tanning becomes a prevention of rickets, since during sunbathing, vitamin D is actively formed in the body, which helps strengthen bone tissues and muscles.

UV also stimulates metabolic processes in organism. Helps improve blood circulation and endocrine activity.

Melanin - what is it

Why do people get different tans under the same conditions? Why does the skin not tan in the sun? Why can't you get a tan in the sun before? It's all about melanin. It is he who is responsible for our eye, hair and skin color. In addition, melanin plays a protective role, protecting the skin from sun damage. Accordingly, the more melanin, the darker the skin and the richer the tan. Melanocytes are responsible for the production of melanin in the body.

The tanning process is as follows:

1. You are in the sun.
2. Ultraviolet rays begin the process of DNA destruction in the body.
3. The body begins to produce melanin to prevent further damage.

Sunbathing and solarium increase the amount of melanin. This may explain why already tanned people are less prone to burns and the harmful effects of the sun. For the same reason, sunbathing is recommended gradually.

There are people whose skin practically does not tan in the sun, and any attempts to get a beautiful tan end in burns and disorders. In such people, melanin is produced in small quantities or not at all.

Owners of such sensitive skin are not recommended to sunbathe and stay in the sun for a long time. It is worth noting that the number of melanocytes is approximately the same for everyone, but the amount of melanin secreted is different, and not everyone has enough of it to acquire a tan.

What diseases can not sunbathe in the sun

Sunburn is not for everyone. Tanning contraindications are:

• Oncological diseases
• All precancerous diseases
• eye diseases
• Phlebeurysm
• Tuberculosis
• Lots of birthmarks
• A large number of
• A large number of age spots
• Some medicines
• Age up to 5 years
• Large moles (more than 1.5 cm)
• Some female diseases
• Autoimmune diseases
• Small amount of melanin (light skin and hair)
• Relatives with melanoma
• Freckles
• Hypertension
• Thyroid disorders
• Diabetes
• Elevated temperature
• infectious diseases
• Psychoneurological diseases
• You can not sunbathe with mastopathy and polycystic ovaries.

Sometimes the question arises: At what temperature can you sunbathe?". You can sunbathe in the sun at any temperature characteristic of a healthy person. If there is an inflammatory process in the body, and the body temperature is elevated, trips to the beach should be canceled until recovery.

Sunbathing and being in the sun for pregnant women is prohibited. Nursing mothers can take sunbaths, but very carefully, avoiding overheating and burns. New mothers should adhere to the following rules:

1. You can sunbathe only from 9 to 10 hours or from 16 to 17.
2. Drink water with lemon on the beach.
3. Tanning sessions begin with 15 minutes, gradually increasing to 1 hour.
4. When choosing a sunscreen, pay attention to its possible impact on a child.
5. Sunburn without protective equipment is prohibited.
6. Avoid direct sunlight and stay in the shade.

In addition to the above, some cosmetic procedures can negatively affect the condition of your skin and become a contraindication for tanning. These procedures include:

• Peeling
• Hardware cleaning of the skin
• Epilation
• Botox injections
• Permanent makeup
• Wrap with essential oils
• Removal of moles and warts.

Baby tan

Children over 3 years old can already go to the beach, but under careful maternal supervision. Do not allow the baby to stay in the sun and in the water for a long time. If your child likes to swim and cannot be dragged out of the water, put on a light shirt to cover their shoulders. Do not allow the child to be in the open sun without clothes. Give your child water frequently.

To protect from the sun, use only products with, designed specifically for children. Even good sunscreen for adults can cause irritation in the baby.

If the child does not sunbathe at all in the sun, this is a reason to be wary. Perhaps the child does not have enough melanin and sunbathing is best avoided altogether.

How to sunbathe in the sun

Before you start sunbathing, you need to decide on the degree of protection and the type of your skin. The easiest way to find out your type is to look at your appearance. The table provides brief recommendations based on the type of appearance: how much to sunbathe in the sun, what kind of sunscreen should be used and what is the reaction to sunburn.

Preparing for a tan

In the matter of a beautiful tan, the main thing is preparation. Before heading to the beach, take care of your skin:

1. Get a peel or scrub. dead cells interfere with an even tan, which means you need to get rid of them. To do this, you can use any scrubbing agent or a stiff brush. After the procedure, it is advisable to wait 2-3 days for the skin to finally recover. On clean, renewed skin, the tan lies evenly.
2. Use the gradual rule. Start sunbathing for 5 minutes, gradually increasing the interval. This rule also applies to clothes. In the early days, try to cover the body, gradually exposing it to the swimsuit.
3. If you are going to relax in hot countries, it will be useful to prepare your skin for the hot sun. For this visit the solarium twice a week for five minutes.
4. Get a special vitamin complex for the skin in a pharmacy.
5. Rethink your diet for the summer. Give up alcoholic beverages on the beach. Include bright vegetables and fruits in your diet such as: carrots, tomatoes, watermelons, peaches, apricots, peppers, etc. They are high in beta-carotene. And he, in turn, activates the process of melanin production. So that the skin does not age and is protected from the harmful effects of sunlight, you need to add nuts, corn or olive oil. These products will nourish the body with vitamins E and selenium. Greens will help protect the skin from free radicals: spinach, cabbage, onions.
6. Do not sunbathe on an empty stomach, but you should not sunbathe immediately after a meal.. The best option: sunbathe 30-40 minutes after eating.
7. Choose in advance right time and place. Remember that there are hours when sunbathing is very dangerous.
8. Pack your bag. With you you must have a hat, a bottle of water, a bedspread or a blanket, a towel, sunscreen, sunglasses, lip balm.
9. Apply sunscreen 10 minutes before leaving the house.

What time can you sunbathe

No matter how quickly you want to tan, you should not go to the beach during the peak hours of the sun's activity. The time of day and the degree of danger of sunburn are presented in the table:

Choosing a place to sunbathe

In summer, the issue of tanning in the sun is solved easily and quickly. It is enough to prepare the skin and go swimming and relaxing on the nearest beach.

The issue of tanning is more difficult in the cold season. Many people ask: " Is it possible to tan in the sun in winter? The answer is simple: it is possible, but difficult. The sun is at a different angle from the earth, which means ultraviolet rays have to make a difficult path through other layers of the atmosphere. Therefore, it takes more time to tan.

But even if you take the risk of undressing for a tan in winter, it is unlikely that this procedure will give you pleasure because of the cold. Therefore, the best way to tan in winter is to go to warm countries.

How to get a bronze tan in the sun

The place of your vacation determines not only your impressions and places that you can visit, but also the color of your skin after returning home. Sunburns vary from country to country.

However, if possible, it is better to soak up the local beach first, so that the skin becomes less receptive to the sun. Is it possible to sunbathe in the sun after a solarium? Not only possible, but even necessary. Five-minute trips to the solarium will prepare the skin for the warm foreign sun.

How to get a tan on the beach

For an even tan, you must follow a number of recommendations:

1. The basic rule of an even tan is movement. Just lying down and turning around periodically is not enough. On the beach you need to move: swim, play, run, walk, etc.
2. Do not apply perfume or alcohol-based formulations to the skin. This can cause post-sun spots.
3. To avoid, do not stay in the sun for more than 2 hours.
4. Don't neglect your hats, otherwise your hair will turn into straw.
5. Use sunscreen.
6. Moisturize your skin.
7. Relax. It is better not to read or watch videos on the beach. The eyes are already stressed. But you should not sleep on the beach, otherwise you will definitely get burned and tan unevenly.

How to speed up your tan

If tanning is necessary, the following rules must be observed:

1. Apply protection. Nothing without this.
2. Do not sunbathe during peak hours open sun but in the shade.
3. Move.
4. Sunbathe near a pond. Water reflects the sun's rays and the skin tans faster. For the same reason, after bathing, you can not wipe the skin. Water drops will work like lenses.
5. Use and .
6. Quick tan will help to get funds with a "teagle" effect. They increase blood circulation.
7. Renew your sunscreen layer every half an hour to an hour.

Why doesn't my face tan?

If your face does not tan, pay attention to the position of your body while tanning. Apply sunscreen on the face every time before going to the beach. After returning home, the cream should be washed off and moisturizer applied: lotion or milk. Burns quickly occur on the face, so you should not abuse the tan for this part of the body.

Home remedies for tanning

In getting a beautiful tan, folk remedies can give odds to purchased creams and oils.

Sun protection home remedy

You will need:

• Oil walnut– 1 bottle
• Jojoba oil - 2 tsp
• Wheat germ oil - 2 tsp
• Lang-ylang oil - 5 ml.
• Shea butter - 1 tsp
• Avocado oil - 2 tsp

Mix all ingredients and place in an airtight container. Apply the mixture 3-4 hours before leaving the house. This will last you for a long time.

How to maintain a tan with folk remedies

You can also make your own after-sun lotion. All you need is oil apricot kernels(50 ml) and sea buckthorn oil (3 drops). Apply the after-sun product carefully, as it can stain the skin.

In order for the tan to remain beautiful and rich for as long as possible, you will need:

• Carrots 10-15 cm long - 1 pc.
• Honey - 1 tsp
• Olive oil - 2 tsp
• Buckwheat flour - 1 tsp

Grate the carrots and mix with the rest of the ingredients. Apply and leave on skin for 30 minutes. Wash away. The mask can be used every three days, five to six times a course.

Complications after sunburn

Sunburn does not always go away without a trace for health. Failure to comply with safety rules often leads to changes in the body. Many notice the appearance of new moles and freckles. Sometimes skin diseases may escalate. Often this happens with herpes on the lips.

In addition, vascular veins and "nets" may appear, areas fair skin, a large number of small moles. The latter can lead to cancer if sunbathing is abused.

Where to buy sun tanning products

Especially for the readers of our site, we have selected tanning products, as well as after-sun creams of various brands and brands. Choose the one that best suits your skin.

Yves Rocher

For Tan:

• Kit " Perfect tan» with SPF 30— the set includes: Spray to prepare the skin of the face and body for tanning + Revitalizing milk for the face and body after sun + Sun Protection Milk-Spray for the Body SPF 30 and Transparent cosmetic bag - as a GIFT
• Sun Milk for Face & Body SPF 50+
• Sun Protection Satin Body Oil SPF 30
• Sunscreen Anti-Aging Cream Face SPF 30
• Sun Protection Satin Body Oil SPF 15

After sunburn:

• Revitalizing Milk for Face & Body After Sun- Milk with a light melting texture instantly refreshes and soothes the skin after exposure to the sun thanks to the extract of the Primorsky eryngium. This unique polyactive plant ingredient protects the skin from photoaging and activates cell renewal.
• Revitalizing Anti-Aging After Sun Face Cream- Protects the skin from photoaging and activates cell renewal.
• Moisturizing After Sun Milk 3in1- soothe skin overheated by the sun, moisturize it and prolong the tan.

Vichy

For Tan:

• Capital Vichy Ideal Soleil Mattifying emulsion SPF50 and mineralizing set thermal water VICHY

After sunburn:

Thermal water VICHY Strengthens, restores the skin, normalizes pH, enhances the barrier-protective functions of the skin.

Vichy capital ideal soleil moisturizing set spray veil body tanning activator SPF30 and Beach bag For a present.

Anti-Pigmentation Toning Care SPF50+ Instantly evens out complexion and corrects dark spots day after day.

La Roche Posey

For Tan:

• La Roche-Posay ANTHELIOS XL FLUID 50+- fluid for the face.
• La Roche-Posay ANTHELIOS MILK FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN 50+- milk for babies.
• La Roche-Posay ANTHELIOS SPRAY FOR CHILDREN 50+- spray for children with sun protection.

Garnier-Amber Solaire

For Tan:

GARNIER intense tanning oil with coconut scent

GARNIER Body Sun Spray SPF30 Pure Protection+

After sunburn:

• GARNIER moisturizing and soothing after-sun milk
• GARNIER Intense Golden Tan Sun Oil Spray, Waterproof, SPF 15

Other tanning products:

• Avene SPF 50 Solaires Mineral Cream. A cream with a natural base, not only protects, but also restores facial skin after damage, it incorporates spf and ppd filters.
• NIVEA SUN 30 or Suncare spf 50 It has a soft texture with caring ingredients.

Other after-sun products:

• NIVEA after sun cooling spray

You can find a large number of products for tanning and after it from our partners " Cashback service LetyShops ". You not only buy goods in trusted stores, but also get cashback.

Differences between tanning in the sun and in the solarium

Finding outward differences between tanning in the sun and in a solarium is difficult.

However, the main advantage of a solarium is the ability to dose radiation. Natural conditions this will not be allowed. In addition, hard waves that have a bad effect on the human body are filtered out.

Another advantage of the solarium is its accessibility for urban residents.

How to quickly tan / 8 rules for a perfect tan