Black chalcedony. Good time to buy. The well-known agate

Chalcedony - semi-precious, ornamental stone, is a type of quartz that is characterized by a fine-grained structure with incredibly small hidden crystals. From a chemical point of view, this is silica, because at least 90% of the composition of this mineral is silicon oxide and its salts are silicates. The remainder includes compounds such as oxides of iron, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and nickel salts.

Chalcedony is a fairly hard but brittle mineral (it breaks easily). They have a porous fibrous structure, and in some varieties the length of the fibers can reach more than 10 cm.

These gems are translucent or slightly translucent; layers of different transparency alternate in layered agates. The luster is silky, depending on the variety, from dull waxy (dendroagate) to glassy (some layered agates).

The coloration is very diverse, and can change under the influence external factors. So, blue chalcedony turns red from high temperature, and any color of the mineral after natural polishing, for example, in the sea, becomes much brighter.

These wonderful minerals are mined all over the world, in places of basalts and other rocks of volcanic origin; they fill all the voids of the rock. The main suppliers are Brazil, India, Uruguay, Madagascar and Scotland. There are mineral developments in Russia, the USA, Canada, Peru, Iceland and Kazakhstan. The oldest deposits are located in Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic.

They call chalcedony the mother of crystal, because the deposits of the first often cover the deposits of the second.

The history of chalcedony is centuries old, it is mentioned in the New Testament. The first flowering of their popularity is associated with Ancient Greece and its city of Chalcedon near the Bosphorus (now Istanbul, Turkey). It was used to make utensils, interior items and decorations, seals, inlaid on weapons, clothes and harness, used for magical purposes.

The second heyday of the popularity of these minerals falls on the 17th century, then jewelry and interior items were made from it, it was worn by many personalities known to this day, it became a symbol of Russian poetry of the Silver Age. Since then, people's interest and love for these gems has not faded away.

Now chalcedony is used for the manufacture of jewelry and bijouterie, souvenirs and interior items, tiles and mosaics. Its chemical resistance has secured its use in laboratories for the manufacture of flasks; the richest color palette allows you to create beautiful panels, and coupled with translucency - and stained-glass windows. Lampshades and floor lamps made of this colored translucent stone, as well as countertops, look very impressive. The layering of the mineral gives picture frames, figurines and other crafts made from it an indescribable sense of volume.

Species diversity

There are more than 100 types of stones that belong to chalcedony and its compounds, some of them are available and very popular, others are rare and very valuable, others look beautiful only in crafts and are not used for jewelry and bijouterie. They differ in the degree of transparency, texture, color, pattern, quantity and nature of third-party inclusions, but have a similar chemical composition, origin, physical properties, cryptocrystalline fibrous structure.

Let's get to know the most well-known representatives chalcedony, their properties:

Agate is a layered mineral of a wide variety of colors, while in one instance all shades of the same color are collected, from the lightest and white to saturated. Blue, blue, red, orange, purple, yellow, green, gray and other colors of agate are popular.

The layers are different in transparency, which provides the mineral with extraordinary beauty, originality and recognition. There are many varieties of agates:

Onyx - ribbon agate, low transparency - thin plates are barely translucent. The most popular color is pale light green with reddish, brick and brown stripes, the most valuable is black onyx, moreover darker color and the fewer inclusions, the more expensive.
Dendroagate, or moss agate, is an amazing mineral, usually milky or colorless, with dendrite inclusions of various shades from brown to green. They strongly resemble either algae or twigs, or moss, frozen in a translucent stone. Among these stones, there are specimens of amazing beauty that look like landscapes - it's hard to believe that nature created this until you see the raw mineral.

Wood agate is a close relative of the previous species, but the proportion of dendritic inclusions is much higher; it contains iron and magnesium. There are also copies with a very original pattern.
Stafanik, or dotted agate, is a white or gray mineral with red dots - inclusions of iron oxide. The original ornamental stone, almost completely opaque.

Carnelian is the next most popular type of chalcedony after agate. This stone is usually colored evenly, in red-brown tones, from light flesh to brick and red-brown; however, there are also slightly striped specimens. This translucent mineral with soft silky sheen, resembles monochromatic pieces of amber. It is believed that the prophet Mohammed had a ring with this stone.

Sarder and carnelian - differ from carnelian only in shade. Sardonyx is a carnelian with parallel stripes, often bright orange-red tones.
Chrysoprase is one of the most valuable chalcedony, it is colored evenly in apple-green color due to the admixture of nickel.
Sapphirine is another beautiful sky-blue chalcedony with a layered structure, but without the transparent layers characteristic of agate.

Heliotrope () - a dark green mineral in blood-red or "rusty" spots - a very rare color for gems. It got its name from the ability to change color to red, being immersed in water under bright sunlight.

Cacholong is one of the most beautiful and valuable chalcedony, it is a mixture of chalcedony crystals with a simple, ignoble opal. It has a milky white color and a soft, unique pearl luster.

magical properties

Of course, each type of chalcedony has its own unique properties, and stones of the same type have a different effect on a person depending on the color. Therefore, consider the qualities inherent in all chalcedony or the most popular of them - agate.

These minerals are considered feminine, they bring family happiness and love, help to attract the attention of a man. They will help single women to become more attractive to find love, and family women - to improve relations with their loved ones, to avoid quarrels.

For nursing young mothers, chalcedony will help improve lactation if worn on the chest - for example, in a pendant or necklace.

These minerals are also capable of establishing an intimate life, including returning or strengthening male potency. To do this, place or hang a stone at the head of the bed.

Any product or piece of chalcedony, if placed in a conspicuous place, will protect the house from natural disasters and the vagaries of the weather.

If you wear a silver ring with this stone on your middle finger, financial difficulties will leave you.

In ancient times, it was believed that in order to gain eloquence, it was enough to hold the chalcedony under the tongue. Also, this gem will help in learning foreign languages.

The owners of chalcedony are distinguished by calmness, poise, clarity of mind and logical thinking. It will help overcome stress and irascibility, as well as apathy and melancholy, because it redistributes energy flows, balancing them. Blue chalcedony improves the mood of the owner, extinguishes aggression, consoles mental anguish, gives energy and self-confidence.

A talisman made of chalcedony is good for sailors, heliotrope for scientists. Agate will give confidence and courage, protect children from falls and injuries, protect from the evil eye.

The magical properties are better expressed in unprocessed pieces of the mineral, moreover, than richer color and more pronounced characteristics exactly your kind of chalcedony, the better.

The signs of the zodiac that chalcedony is suitable for depend on the specific type and color of the stone. Light (white, pink and blue) minerals are suitable for Libra and Taurus, yellow and green for Virgo, black for Scorpio. Sagittarius will suit any color, and Leo - only golden stones. Heliotrope is suitable for Cancers and Sagittarius, but is contraindicated for Leo, Scorpio and Taurus. Plasma harmonizes best with Taurus, and worst of all with Aquarius.

Healing properties

This stone is primarily a healer of the soul and nervous system. It will relieve depression, nervous exhaustion, insomnia, and other nervous disorders, improve memory and sleep quality. In addition, chalcedony normalizes reduced arterial pressure, improve heart function, and vascular health (especially blue minerals), eliminate tachycardia.

This mineral whitens teeth and strengthens gums, improves vision and eye health, strengthens bones and improves skin condition.

Wearing chalcedony improves the functioning of the endocrine system, which corrects and prevents hormonal disruptions. Particularly beneficial effect on thyroid gland, as well as on gallbladder and spleen.

Differences between a mineral and a fake and features of care

Chalcedony is a very hard gem and is resistant to most chemicals, particularly acids. However, these stones should be protected from some external influences:

Green chalcedony under the influence of sunlight and high temperature lose their color saturation, fade
Blue varieties and black onyx are afraid of acetone, sweat, ultrasound and some chemical influences.
Carnelians and their varieties should be protected not only from acetone, ultrasound and caustic substances, but also from hot steam and sudden changes in temperature.
Do not wear jewelry with these stones when physical activity, sports
It is better to store such stones in a separate box or bag: firstly, so that they are not scratched by harder gems, and secondly, so that hard chalcedony does not damage softer minerals.

Chalcedony is most often faked using glass or plastic. Plastic is easier to distinguish - it is warm to the touch and light. In the glass, bubbles and uncolored, colorless blotches, uncharacteristic of this mineral, can come across. Also, you should be alerted by the complete absence of inclusions, especially in an inexpensive or large mineral, as well as a perfectly even or repeating pattern on different specimens. The colors of fakes are usually brighter, but natural stones, especially those that have been in the sea, can be very bright.

Most reliable way to protect yourself from forgery - ask the seller for a certificate for the mineral.

Chalcedony is a kind of quartz with a fine-fiber structure, translucent, has many shades. Since ancient times, it has been used for making jewelry, dishes, furniture inlay. Many believe that the mineral has medicinal products. Astrologers use it in amulets and amulets.

Physical and chemical properties

The chemical formula of chalcedony is SiO2, the same as that of silicon. It belongs to the silica group. Many samples have inclusions of aluminum and iron, as well as other elements. The stone contains 1% to 1.5% water. The structure of chalcedony is amorphous and fine-fibrous; on the cut it is layered. Its fibers are directed perpendicular to the surface. On the cut they look like radial rays.

The main chemical properties of chalcedony stone and their description:

Density - 2.58-2.64 g / cm³
Hardness - 6.5-7 units
No cleavage
Fracture uneven, shelly
The secretions look like dense, fine-fibrous aggregates.
Light refraction - 1.530-1.539
Birefringence - about 0.006
Dispersion and pleochroism absent
Some varieties are characterized by blue-white luminescence

Chalcedony is formed in nature from hydrothermal sedimentary rocks, as a result of the evaporation of silicates. The structure is layered, permeated with microscopic pores through which dyes perfectly penetrate. That is why there is such a wide variety of shades of stone. It is translucent, translucent or cloudy. Quite firm in structure.

Mineral deposits

Chalcedony is found in limestone, basalt structures at the sites of volcanic eruption, rocks and sedimentary rocks, inside the geode, in pebble placers. The richest deposits are in such countries:

Russia (Moscow region, Primorye)
Brazil
India
Sri Lanka
Madagascar
Uruguay
Scotland (South Perthshire, Gray Killeen)
Countries of the Caucasus
Ukraine
Italy
Poland
Czech
Australia

Chalcedony accompanies such stone as quartz, flint, opal, limonite, carbonates in rocks. The color and structure largely depend on the chemical elements that are present in the rock.

Textural varieties of chalcedony

What does real chalcedony look like? The texture can be very different. Chalcedony and its types are completely different from each other. Some have concentric stripes, others are longitudinal. There are samples with uniform and non-uniform color, varying degrees of transparency.

According to their texture properties, they can be divided into:

Agate (specimens with concentric stripes)
Onyx (smoothly curved parallel stripes)
Uruguay agate (combination of horizontal and concentric bands with scaly edges)

A striped mineral is formed due to different temperatures and conditions for their formation. It contains silica, less often pure quartz. Many specimens have a uniform structure, the stripes in them can only be seen under a magnifying glass. Previously, these stones were considered the most valuable (a kind of standard). Textural minerals are becoming more and more popular these days.

Agate colors

The names of agates change depending on how their bands are colored. They can have the same color, but different shades. Although often the layers are contrasting with respect to each other. Here are the names of multi-colored agates in this group:

Onyx. Alternating black and white stripes.
Sardonyx. White stripes are combined with brown-brown.
Carnapol. It has brown and black layers.
carneolonyx. White color stripes alternate with red.

Such texture patterns can have very interesting and intricate designs. They are valued among jewelers and collectors.

Stone colors

The mineral has about a hundred flowers. Shades depend on the inclusions of other chemical compounds in the structure. Here are the main ones:

Violet and lilac - inclusions of manganese
Red - mixture with hematite
Green-blue - nickel-containing elements
Reddish and yellow-orange - inclusion of iron
Yellow - inclusions of goethite (iron hydroxide)

The saturation and hue of the color depends on the amount of the included element, their combination.

Types of colorful chalcedony

Each type of chalcedony has its own name. We have already said that according to the texture it is divided into agates and onyxes. Now let's see what the colored species are called:

Damsonite. Violet-purple, uniform and translucent, is considered the standard.
Sapphirine. Blue chalcedony with different structure. Quite rare, translucent specimens are most valued.
Carnelian, carnelian or sardier. Red, the most popular among jewelers. Most often found in regions with high volcanic activity.
Lincurium. Yellow or yellow-orange, it is described several times in the Bible.
Chrysoprase. Bright blue-green color.
Mtorolite. Apple green, its deposits in ancient times met in Turkey. Then they dried up, the stone practically disappeared; it could be seen only on ancient products). In the twentieth century, it was found in Africa and reappeared on the market.
Plasma. Intense green, almost blue chalcedony and stone.
Prase. Grey-green.
Cacholong. Milky white, this name is also opals, quartz. Some specimens have the properties of all three minerals.

Since the mineral easily absorbs dyes, it is often specially dyed. Such chalcedony is not natural, therefore it is valued much lower. Inexperienced people can buy a kind of fake, considering the color of the decoration to be natural.

Types of stones with inclusions

There are stones with very original inclusions. Not here in question about concentric or horizontal stripes, like onyx or agate. Inclusions can be in the form of dots, rays, intricate shapes and even cavities. Often they contrast with the main tone. Such specimens are highly valued.

The most famous and original varieties:

Heliotrope. Green chalcedony stone with red and yellow-orange spots.
Moss agate or flywheel. Translucent, with green inclusions of various shapes.
Mirikit. Gray-blue with bright red spots.
Stefanik. White with bright red inclusions.
Mokkashtein or dendragate. White, milky or beige. On its surface, you can see a black or brown pattern resembling fern leaves or tree branches. Sometimes the drawing combines chalcedony and a fantastically shaped flower.
Enhydros. Inside there are voids filled with liquid and air. Samples are extremely rare and very expensive. Most often they are collected by collectors.

It is impossible to describe all the variety of the mineral. Each variety has its own value. For example, blue chalcedony is a valuable stone, as it is very rare. Reds cost less, although they are very beautiful and popular with jewelers.

Use of stone

The mineral got its name from the ancient Greek city of Chalcedon, on the coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was there that its deposits were first found. Chalcedony jewelry was very popular in ancient times and highly valued. Necklaces, diadems, beads, rings found by archaeologists amaze with their skillful work. Also, multi-colored agates, chrysoprase, carnelian and other chalcedony were used to inlay furniture, weapons, and make dishes. Onyx was used to make stained-glass windows on temples and mosaics.

In the Middle Ages, the value of the mineral lost its relevance. He revived his former glory only in the Renaissance, when ancient culture again came into fashion. The use of modern chalcedony is quite wide. First of all, it is used for making jewelry. It is also popular with collectors. They appreciate unusual shapes and colors, original inclusions.

Ornamental semi-precious stone chalcedony is used for furniture inlay. Table top, cabinet, chairs with such decoration look original and expensive. They make dishes - plates, glasses, dishes, glasses, decorate metal cutlery. Chalcedony stained glass is highly valued, it is made from the onyx variety.

Product prices

How much do the decorations cost? Chalcedony and its price can be very different. Much depends on the color and texture, the design of the product itself. If it's jewelry, metal matters. For example, a silver ring with chalcedony can cost 4,000-5,000 rubles, a gold one - 100,000-130,000 rubles. But more often pebbles are used in jewelry, a simple ring can cost around 250-350 rubles.

A bracelet made of semi-precious chalcedony will cost 300-500 rubles. Beads - from 800 rubles to 2000-2500 rubles. The price for ordinary earrings will be 300-400 rubles, for silver ones - 4000-6000 rubles, and for gold ones - from 80,000 rubles. A pendant or pendant costs about the same. Products from blue chalcedony or rare varieties interspersed will always be valued more. Special collectibles can cost several hundred dollars. Although their average price does not exceed 500-600 rubles for a medium-sized sample.

Medicinal properties

Healers have been advised to wear jewelry made from this mineral since ancient times. Our ancestors have long noticed that it has healing properties. Here are some of the diseases that it helps to heal:

Depression, insomnia, stress, nervous exhaustion
Hypotension (in this case, it is advised to wear only blue chalcedony)
Hypertension (you can wear any variety except blue and light blue)
Normalization of cardiac activity
Skin diseases

It is not advised to wear jewelry all the time, it must be removed at night, take breaks for 1-2 weeks. Although chalcedony stone has the ability to heal diseases, you should not forget about doctors. The amulet can only help in treatment, but will not replace modern medicine.

magical properties

It is believed that chalcedony stone has very strong magical properties. It has been used at all times and in different cultures. The ancient Greeks, who first discovered the mineral and gave it a name, considered it the guardian of navigators. Mongols wear talismans in secluded places to protect themselves from the evil eye, evil sorcerers. The brighter the color, the greater the magical power.

Traditionally, chalcedony was worn as a stone by women, they valued the blue sapphirine most of all. It is advised to wear it to people who wish to find happiness in their personal lives, to attract the attention of a loved one or a loved one. The mineral is able to save a person from despondency and sadness. He brings harmony to the family, and joy and prosperity to the house.

Chalcedony and the signs of the zodiac

How do stars influence chalcedony and who is it suitable for from the signs of the Zodiac? According to astrologers, almost everyone. His favorite is Sagittarius, whom the amulet energizes, multiplies vitality brings success in all endeavors. Sagittarius needs to wear chalcedony in bright, orange and red tones.

Virgo should wear a bright yellow talisman, and Aquarius - white or pale blue. The mineral is simply necessary for Cancer, it will relieve this sign of insecurity, depression, and bring happiness in personal life. This sign is best suited Moonstone, which is one of the varieties of the mineral. Gemini will suit a dark color, brown or brown.

Chalcedony is a stone very diverse in color and texture. Under this name, many varieties of silica that have a cryptocrystalline structure are combined.

When examined under an electron microscope, scientists were able to see that the quartz crystals in the composition of chalcedony have the form of thin fibers.

Depending on the grouping of quartz filaments, minerals related to chalcedony can be layered, translucent, concentric-zonal.

Many-faced chalcedony

During the crystallization of quartz under natural conditions, the solutions also contained metal salts capable of coloring a transparent substance in a variety of colors. The presence of iron salts gave a rich range of red and orange hues, chromium and nickel salts made the stone green.

Coloring substances fell between the crystalline threads after the formation of the mineral, creating patterns of amazing beauty in dendroagates, or forming a zonal ornament.

In some cases, the porous mineral was impregnated with manganese oxides, organic substances and compounds. This gave stone connoisseurs some types of chalcedony with a bluish and dark striped color.

It was these stones that began to be found in ancient Greece on the Halkidiki peninsula. The wavy pattern in blue tones so surprisingly resembled the sea surrounding the peninsula that chalcedony was immediately considered the patron saint of sailors and amulets began to be made from it. The layered structure made it possible to cut out a gem with the image of a figurine of a deity or an animal against a contrasting background from one piece.

Types of chalcedony depending on color

Currently, cryptocrystalline quartz minerals - varieties of chalcedony - are considered ornamental and jewelry raw materials.

Their value is different and depends on the natural beauty and rarity. Translucent chalcedony is considered a gem raw material and is graded according to the color intensity.

Jewelry with inserts of sapphirine and chrysoprase can be quite expensive, but a lot here depends on the material of the setting.

Chrysoprase is suitable for those who love mysteriously shimmering stones.

Depending on the color, the severity of the striped color, the location of the layers, jewelers and scientists divide minerals into varieties of chalcedony:

Green translucent chrysoprase is a semi-precious gemstone. Its coloration can resemble emerald and chrysolite with their richness of shades of green - from dark to bright green. Unlike these perfectly transparent crystals, chrysoprase always retains a mysterious hazy glow.
The same feature distinguishes blue chalcedony, or sapphirine, from aquamarines, topazes, sapphires and other transparent blue crystals. Its mysterious soft light is due to the structure of the stone and does not depend on the inclusion of coloring substances. Sun rays scatter, refracting in a multitude of thin crystals. The mineral looks opaque, but as if illuminated from the inside.
Inclusions of iron oxides color chalcedony in all shades of ocher: from blood red to yellow. Brownish and brownish tones allow you to separate sardonyx and corneol from the brighter, red or yellow carnelian. But at present, these names are accepted only among stone cutters. In official mineralogy, different varieties of reddish and yellow stones united under the common name "carnelian".
Milky white or almost porcelain, opaque chalcedonic cacholong is used to create handicrafts. Figurines and decorative stone vessels resemble products made from light varieties of opal, but are much cheaper. Often, in the structure of white stones, tree-like patterns are found from dark oxides of manganese and iron that have penetrated into cracks and pores. This gives the cacholong a greater decorative effect and increases its value as an ornamental raw material.
Beautiful and heliotrope - an opaque mineral, a kind of chalcedony with blood-red streaks or spots on a background of a different color. Among the first Christians there was a legend that the blood of Jesus remained on the stones, although heliotropes were known before.
In jewelry, pink chalcedony is also widely used. In its properties and appearance, it resembles chrysoprase: the same translucent, smoky and leaves the impression of glowing from the inside. The only difference is in color. This type of chalcedony is also often set in gold and silver, used to create jewelry. Delicate shades and play of light is very suitable for young girls. For more information about the properties of heliotrope, see this video:

The most beautiful variety of chalcedony is agate. These stones are characterized by a pattern of concentric stripes.

The alternation of colors can be very contrasting and bright, which makes such ornamental raw materials highly valued.

Striped stones are used to make jewelry for both men and women. Agate is suitable for everyone, and it is not difficult to choose a range of shades: modern jewelers have learned to artificially tint inexpressive fragments.

The magic of colorful chalcedony

In addition to the obvious beauty of minerals - varieties of chalcedony - they have been attributed magical properties since ancient times.

In ancient times, amulets made of agates or heliotropes were in great demand.

Agate formations, or geodes, with outward inexpressiveness, have an amazing feature: in a cavity inside a nondescript stone, you can find a scattering of amethyst or rock crystal crystals.

White agate will become an amulet for a special person

Such a mysterious feature made it possible to consider these stones magical. It was believed that a geode found or donated by someone could fulfill the most secret desire or protect its owner from any danger.

In later centuries, geodes with crystals inside began to be made beautiful souvenirs- grottoes.

Complementing the grains of amethyst sparkling inside and polished striped sections of agate walls with other ornamental stones, the craftsmen created magical slides with caves. Such crafts were often given to children. It was believed that they can drive away nightmares and calm the child.

The structure of the geode resembles the structure of the human kidneys. Due to this similarity, medieval healers recommended carrying a geode with you or taking powder from its pieces for those who were found to have kidney disease. The resemblance to another human organ - the uterus - gave rise to the belief that an unusual stone can heal women's diseases and helps with infertility.

Geode jewelry looks very unusual and attracts attention.

Modern magicians often recommend having an agate geode in the house for those who want to achieve prosperity. According to the teachings of Feng Shui, such a souvenir must be installed in the wealth zone, defining it personally for each person. It is believed that this is a very powerful amulet that can change the life of its owner.

Among other chalcedony, the magical properties of which are associated with color, heliotrope stands out. Blood stains and veins made it possible for ancient healers to consider it a remedy for high pressure and headache. The stone was also used to stop bleeding.

Modern lithotherapists attribute to him the ability to increase the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. It is believed that wearing heliotrope can prevent stroke and increase mental alertness. Its beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system is also noted. To do this, a pendant with a stone is worn so that it is at chest level. Read more about the properties of carnelian in this video:

Investigating the effect of carnelian on the human body, lithotherapists drew attention to the fact that red and yellowish stones with stripes tone and heal. This ability was attributed to the weak radioactivity of carnelian.

The studies of Professor E. Badigina led to the fact that even in official medicine this stone was used to accelerate the healing of wounds during the years of World War II.

The owner of a carnelian jewelry or a souvenir is not afraid of wrinkles either: back in ancient Greece, women massaged their faces with two small stones. It was believed that such a procedure tones and rejuvenates the skin.

Who is chalcedony suitable for?

The magical properties of chalcedony can be enhanced if it is worn by a person corresponding to the energy of the stone according to the sign of the Zodiac. Striped minerals are attributed to the elements of the Earth, so they will help a calm and persistent person.

The zodiac constellations ruled by this element are Virgo, Taurus and Capricorn.

Such people often choose activities related to the creation of wealth. Wearing cufflinks, chalcedony jewelry, using office desk accessories will enhance their inherent prudence and frugality, the ability to stubbornly follow their decisions. Achieving the goal will become easier and more joyful for them.

Chalcedony can become a favorite amulet of the Virgin

But chalcedony, whose properties can be strengthened by the negative manifestations of the signs of the trigon of the Earth, expressed in greed, stinginess, lack of a sense of proportion, should not subordinate their lives too much. The number of these stones should be small, according to their strength. You should not collect chalcedony products in order to purchase positive traits which they can give to their owner.

The properties of a stone from the chalcedony family will give solidity to the mobile trigons of Air and Water and balance their impermanence.

Those born under these signs are rarely capable of labor exploits, but with the help of striped agate or sardonyx, they can become more diligent. Mitigate their volatility and frivolity in love relationships Can carnelians of different shades. It was not for nothing that they were called stones of love: by toning the body and warming the soul, red and orange minerals give stability to relationships and give romantic feelings lovers.

Those born under the sign of the air element will gain constancy and perseverance under the auspices of sardonyx

The fiery signs of the Zodiac, when wearing stones with the opposite potential, will be able to get rid of their inherent tendency to unbridled fantasy. Instead, they will be able to gain the ability to soberly calculate in difficult situations. A persistent pursuit of the goal will always help to achieve success.

Chalcedony, as a mineral that simultaneously has the characteristics of a crystal and a non-crystalline substance, combines contradictory properties.

It can caress the eye with a mysterious misty glow or enchant with a pattern of many stripes, but it never allows you to get carried away by fantasies. Those who want to truly make friends with this beautiful mineral should not leave the solid ground and soar in the clouds.

Chalcedony is a stone that has been known to mankind for many centuries. It was used to create jewelry, household items, dishes. Due to its properties, chalcedony is now used not only in jewelry, but also in construction and the chemical industry.

This mineral borrowed its name from the ancient city on the banks of the Bosphorus - Chalcedon. Now such a city no longer exists, because it was destroyed many years ago, but its name will live on in the word "chalcedony".

Since ancient times, it has been believed that this mineral helps navigators and scientists the most. But representatives of other professions can also benefit from it - the main thing is to know how to properly use the power of chalcedony.

History of the stone

Chalcedony has been mined and used by mankind since biblical times. The very first written mention of chalcedony can be found in the New Testament. In this holy book, in the revelation of John the Theologian, chalcedony is mentioned as a stone from which one of the foundations of the wall of the Heavenly City of Jerusalem was made.

The heyday of the popularity of this stone fell on the ancient era. During this period in Ancient Rome and ancient Greece, they made dishes, festive cups and ritual attributes from chalcedony, encrusted weapons, clothes and harness with it, carved figurines and beautiful cameos from it. Seals and special rings with seals carved from this delightful stone were considered special chic. Many products of that period can be seen today among the museum exhibits.

Confirmation of the use of chalcedony in the ancient world in medicinal purposes can see:

in ancient Chinese and ancient Indian treatises;
medieval lapidariums;
in the works of Eastern and European physicians, in particular the medieval Eastern physician Avicenna and the German scientists Albert the Great and Heinrich Cornelius (Agrippa of Nettesheim);
the special properties of chalcedony are described both in Assyrian cuneiform writing and in ancient Russian manuscripts.

The fashion for chalcedony as a gemstone resumed with new force during the late Middle Ages, when medieval scientists began to explore ancient civilizations and interest in ancient culture woke up with renewed vigor. And again, chalcedony became a popular jewelry and ornamental stone. Each secular lady had in her arsenal of jewelry made of chalcedony earrings or necklaces, brooches or buckles, rings or necklaces. Decorative items made of this stone were also in demand: vases, caskets, ashtrays.

Under the fashionable influence of chalcedony, such famous historical figures as the commander Bonaparte Napoleon, the poets J. Byron and A.S. Pushkin, who wore jewelry with this stone.

Not forgotten about chalcedony in the twentieth century. Representatives of the Russian intelligentsia especially fell in love with this stone:

Andrey Bely,
Osip Mandelstam,
Alexei Tolstoy,
Mikhail Bulgakov,
Alexander Green,
Nikolay Gumilyov,
Marina Tsvetaeva, who received it as a gift from Maximilian Voloshin.

Chalcedony has not lost its relevance even today, remaining a popular ornamental and jewelry stone.

Myths and legends

In ancient times, these stones were the patrons of sailors: chalcedony protected them from the elements, brought good luck. The Greek work Lapidaria, written in the 3rd century, speaks of seven obligatory amulets necessary for a successful exit to the open sea. Perhaps each of them symbolizes a day of the week. So, chalcedony was the first on this list, its main function is to keep the ship from crashing. Amazing Stories go about the properties of emerald chrysoprase. Our ancestors said: “If a person sentenced to beheading puts a pebble in his mouth, he will become invisible to the executioner and will be able to avoid a terrible death on the chopping block.”

Chalcedony is especially revered in Myanmar. Local tribes believe that spirits live in it. Whether they are good or bad, the situation in the family shows. If household members get sick and die, then the nugget is thrown away. At the same time, the natives assure that the demon disappears, and magical mineral after a while, as if nothing had happened, it reappears in its place. Yes, and not one, but in the company of several such stones. It is difficult for modern people to believe this, but who knows what is happening in mysterious Burma.

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Description of the mineral

Chalcedony is a semi-precious, ornamental stone, is a type of quartz, which is distinguished by a fine-fiber structure with incredibly small hidden crystals. From a chemical point of view, this is silica, because at least 90% of the composition of this mineral is silicon oxide and its salts are silicates. The remainder includes compounds such as oxides of iron, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and nickel salts.

They call chalcedony the mother of crystal, because the deposits of the first often cover the deposits of the second.

The history of chalcedony is centuries old, it is mentioned in the New Testament.

The first flowering of their popularity is associated with Ancient Greece and its city of Chalcedon near the Bosphorus (now Istanbul, Turkey). It was used to make utensils, interior items and decorations, seals, inlaid on weapons, clothes and harness, used for magical purposes.
The second heyday of the popularity of these minerals falls on the 17th century, then jewelry and interior items were made from it, it was worn by many personalities known to this day, it became a symbol of Russian poetry of the Silver Age. Since then, people's interest and love for these gems has not faded away.

Now chalcedony is used for the manufacture of jewelry and bijouterie, souvenirs and interior items, tiles and mosaics. Its chemical resistance has secured its use in laboratories for the manufacture of flasks; the richest color palette allows you to create beautiful panels, and, coupled with translucency, stained-glass windows. Lampshades and floor lamps made of this colored translucent stone, as well as countertops, look very impressive.

The layering of the mineral gives picture frames, figurines and other crafts made from it an indescribable sense of volume.

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Species diversity

Let's get acquainted with the most famous representatives of chalcedony, their properties:

Agate- a layered mineral of a wide variety of colors, while all shades of the same color are collected in one copy, from the lightest and white to saturated. Blue, blue, red, orange, purple, yellow, green, gray and other colors of agate are popular.

The layers are different in transparency, which provides the mineral with extraordinary beauty, originality and recognition. There are many varieties of agates:

Onyx- ribbon agate, low transparency - thin plates are barely translucent. The most popular color is pale light green with reddish, brick and brown stripes, the most valuable is black onyx, and the darker the color and fewer inclusions, the more expensive.
Dendroagate, or moss agate- an amazing mineral, usually milky or colorless, with dendrite inclusions of various shades from brown to green. They strongly resemble either algae or twigs, or moss, frozen in a translucent stone. Among these stones, there are specimens of amazing beauty that look like landscapes - it's hard to believe that nature created this until you see the raw mineral.

wood agate- a close relative of the previous species, but the proportion of dendritic inclusions is much higher, contains iron and magnesium. There are also copies with a very original pattern.
Stafanik, or dotted agate - a white or gray mineral in red dots - inclusions of iron oxide. The original ornamental stone, almost completely opaque.

Cornelian- the next most popular type of chalcedony after agate. This stone is usually colored evenly, in red-brown tones, from light flesh to brick and red-brown; however, there are also slightly striped specimens. This translucent mineral with a soft silky sheen resembles solid pieces of amber. It is believed that the prophet Mohammed had a ring with this stone.

Sarder and carnelian- differ from carnelian only in shade. Sardonyx is a carnelian with parallel stripes, often bright orange-red tones.
Chrysoprase- one of the most valuable chalcedony, painted evenly in apple-green color due to the impurity of nickel.
sapphirine- another beautiful sky-blue chalcedony with a layered structure, but without the transparent layers characteristic of agate.

Heliotrope (bloody)- a dark green mineral in blood-red or "rusty" spots - a very rare color for gems. It got its name from the ability to change color to red, being immersed in water under bright sunlight.

Cacholong- one of the most beautiful and valuable chalcedony, it is a mixture of chalcedony crystals with a simple, ignoble opal. It has a milky white color and a soft, unique pearl luster.

The current generation of Internet users will get acquainted with the name of the mineral in the ArcheAge game. Placers of fragments of chalcedony yellow, blue, pink, milky flowers go to the manufacture of various decorations in the clothes of game characters: buckles, belts, necklaces.

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Classification of chalcedony by color

Reddish-yellow carnelian and carnelian.
Chrysoprase.
Red-brown sardier.
Blueish gray sapphirine.
Cloudy, onion-green plasma.
Waxy chalcedony.
Light yellow ceragat.
Mirikit and heliotrope are red spots on a gray stone.
Spot agate (stefanik) - light gray or White stone with red dots.

Texture classification

Concentric stripes - agate.
Parallel-striped texture with smoothly curved or straight stripes - ribbon agate or onyx.
The combination of horizontal and concentric banding is Uruguayan agate.
Other agates according to the banding pattern are cloudy, star-shaped, landscape, ruin, fortress (bastion), etc.

Classification by the nature of inclusions

Translucent chalcedony with green inclusions of actinolite or chlorite - moss agate or flywheel.
The inclusion of dendrites of iron or manganese oxides is a dendragate or mokkastein.
Nodules of chalcedony with water cavities - enhydros.

In total, experts identify more than a hundred varieties of chalcedony with different names.

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Physical properties

Optical

Color Coloring chalcedony is always rather pale; usually there are stones of gray, grayish-blue, milky-blue, pale blue, grayish-green, greenish-blue, yellowish or pale yellowish-brown shades, and also grayish-white to light milky-white and almost colorless.

Much less common are chalcedony intense or dark blue-green or yellow flowers , as well as pinkish or reddish color. Often there is a bluish tint in reflected light and a pale reddish-brown tint in thick sections in transmitted light, which are due to an optical phenomenon called Tyndall scattering. This phenomenon is also observed in flint, blue quartz and opal. The blue color of some chalcedony may disappear when ignited.

The color of chalcedony is mostly uniform or only slightly varies from layer to layer. As the banding becomes more distinct, especially with the appearance of interlayers of brown and reddish-brown color, usually interspersed with interlayers of less transparent milky white or white chalcedony, the chalcedony gradually changes into a variety called agate, although the boundary between these two isolated varieties is uncertain. .

Other varieties of the mineral also arise due to staining various impurities. Brown and reddish stones colored with dispersed iron oxides include varieties called sardera and carnelian, and partially banded agates. The green variety - chrysoprase - is colored with an admixture of nickel.

The feature is missing.
Glitter glass
The ebb is well polished and acquires a weak waxy or matte finish.

Chalcedony tends to be translucent to clear or hazy; moreover, individual layers of chalcedony in one sample often differ in degree of transparency.

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Mechanical

Hardness. The hardness of chalcedony varies somewhat; it is less than that of coarse quartz, and is usually 6.5.
Density of chalcedony 2.57-2.64, and its fluctuations depend on the amount and composition of impurities, porosity and water content.
Cleavage absent.
kink. The fracture is uneven or conchoidal. The mineral easily splits in the direction transverse to the banding and parallel to the elongation of the fibers; in this case, an uneven or splintery fracture is formed with a rather well-defined waxy sheen. You can get a break and parallel to the layering.

The porosity of the stone. Chalcedony is characterized by greater or lesser porosity, and isolated pores, or, more often, the thinnest tubes and filamentous voids, are located parallel to the fibrous. The amount of porosity varies in different layers or zones and is minimal in white or milky layers. Some stones stick to the tongue or absorb water quickly, sometimes with a faint hissing sound or bubbling on the wet surface. The presence of porosity in chalcedony and its varieties, including agate, allows these stones to be artificially colored.

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Chemical properties

Diagnostic features

Chalcedony is recognized by its dense structure, high hardness, waxy or matte luster, and lack of cleavage. It differs from quartz in brilliance, from opal in greater hardness.

Satellites. Quartz, opal, limonite, carbonates.

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Morphology

Chalcedony forms:

dense masses,
flow forms,
nodules,
crusts,
fill voids.

Chalcedony occurs in the form of crusts with an irregularly rounded, kidney-shaped or warty surface. It also forms sinter masses in cavities, stalactites, gradually turning into cluster-like and irregular sheet-like accumulations. Chalcedony is also observed in the form of separate kidney-shaped, irregular or rounded nodules, formed either by nodules or as a result of weathering of rocks in which there were cavities filled with chalcedony. Sometimes it composes slag-like mars, as well as small veinlets or cement in rocks.

Usually, chalcedony composes geodes and fills amygdaloidal voids in altered basic igneous rocks; these inclusions of chalcedony are often hollow and may contain liquid that has become occluded during crystallization.

Chalcedony often forms inlaid pseudomorphs after other minerals, especially calcite and fluorite, and also replaces these and other minerals and fossil shells.

A broader meaning than chalcedony has the term "chalcedonic silica", which refers mainly to crustification formations and products of void filling, represented by any fine-grained variety of quartz with a fibrous microstructure.

This term is applied to solid and nodular formations of primary sedimentary or diagenetic origin, including siliceous rocks and cherts, as well as accumulations that arose by replacing limestone and other rocks.

In chalcedony, a more or less clearly distinguishable banding is visible, parallel to the outer surface of the formations or the walls of the execution cavity. This banding is not always visible to the naked eye, but it can be detected under a microscope in thin sections oriented perpendicular to the outer surface of chalcedony clusters, or it can be revealed by staining and etching.

Place of Birth

Often, mineral deposits are found in volcanic formations, where they are endowed with a complex structure, bright colors; also in areas of hot thermal springs. Chalcedony fills fistulas in rocks at depth and on the surface.

Here the breed is exposed to such intense environmental influences:

leaching;
dehydration;
internal change.

In the veins of cracks in basalts, andesites, tuffs, in the voids of limestone, a mineral is formed. Alluvial deposits, stretched along the river valleys, are considered constant "suppliers" natural stones. When carried by water streams, they not only polish well, become smooth, but also change their color.

The whole world knows rocks mined in Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, India.

In terms of quality and appearance, chalcedony mined in:

Russia (Urals, Siberia);
Kazakhstan;
Poland;
Australia;
Zambia;
Namibia;
Taiwan;
the Hebrides.

Not a single branch of human activity can do without a crystal; it is most widely used for:

instrument making;
chemical industry;
pharmaceutical industry.

The gifts of nature should always be treated with care, because resources quickly run out. It is not for nothing that a reserve was created on the territory of the Crimean mountain range Karadag, because there is an amazing variety of quartz.

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Medicinal properties

Even ancient people knew healing power chalcedony. In the notes of Chinese healers, in the writings of Avicenna, Paracelsus, it is described how chalcedony jewelry has a beneficial effect on the wearer's skin, and stone powder was prescribed for dysentery and fever.

It is mentioned in old writings:

Claudius Galena;
Pliny the Elder;
Paracelsus;
Avicenna;
Chinese, Indian treatises;
Assyrian, Old Russian manuscripts.

Of course, the stones cannot be attributed to medicines. But their use favorably affects the cells, nervous system, has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state.

The constant wearing of the mineral reduces aggression, rage, as if allowing the mind to establish control over the psyche.

The risks of the following mental disorders are also reduced:

panic attacks;
deep depressions;
nervous exhaustion.

At folk methods healing chalcedony is used for:

eye diseases;
treatment of the circulatory system;
bone diseases;
hormonal disruptions, thyroid problems.

To normalize pressure and the cardiovascular system, water, alcohol solutions infused with chalcedony are used.

Colds are expelled with water, in which a crystal was previously placed overnight. Drinking liquid eliminates the virus, stabilizes, promotes metabolism, positively affects the endocrine glands.

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magical properties

Ancient magicians believed that this stone has feminine and its main magical properties are the attraction of mutual love and family happiness into the life of its owner.

Also in ancient times, people believed that the stone is capable of:

endow a person with eloquence, if you put it under the tongue;
provide material well-being its owner, if you wear jewelry with him on the middle finger;
protect the house from natural disasters if you store a chalcedony product in it;
increase the lactation of a nursing mother if a woman wears it on her chest.

And today, chalcedony jewelry is the best amulets for women who dream of attracting a worthy companion into their lives. It is believed that chalcedony:

contributes to the attractiveness of its owner;
helps to organize family life
harmonizes intimate sphere life;
enhances male power;
guards happiness in the family;
contributes to the prolongation of the family.

They call chalcedony (especially blue) and "stone of joy" for its ability:

improve mood;
expel dreary thoughts;
endow its owner with vital energy;
give a person self-confidence.

feng shui chalcedony

Influence on the chakras

Chalcedony affects the chakras, depending on its color.

Energy

Receptive Yin (absorbs energy)
Chalcedony absorbs and disperses negative energy, so he is a good protector against the energies of the outside world.

Element

Earth, Water, Ether (space).

Planets:

Saturn, Neptune.

Chalcedony and zodiac signs

Chalcedony was named after its location - Chalcedon - the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara, which is in Asia Minor. Chalcedony attracts love. Chalcedony also symbolizes the poetry of the Silver Age. Even chalcedony has long been considered a talisman of sailors. Chalcedony improves mood, drives away melancholy, and attracts fun risks. In India, chalcedony means pure consciousness. Chalcedony is much more often worn by the fair sex. And, according to some ancient opinions, chalcedony is a purely feminine amulet.

Chalcedony stone for Aries

Aries chalcedony will not let you fall into despair and, of course, will not leave you to suffer and lose heart. Aries will suit reddish chalcedony. Such mineral talismans dispel fatigue, awaken the desire to achieve something again and again. With an increased aggressive mood, chalcedony is guaranteed to calm and make Aries forgive all insults.

chalcedony stone for taurus

Chalcedony will help Taurus develop their professional quality. In the performance of the assigned work, Taurus, thanks to the energy of chalcedony, has no equal. With chalcedony, Taurus has every chance to improve his career. Cash, of course, will also arrive in the desired amount.

Chalcedony Stone for Gemini

Gemini should be advised to wear chalcedony more dark shade. Such a talisman will add communication and seriousness to Gemini. Chalcedony helps to concentrate completely on one thing, which will give excellent results without wasting your attention. Chalcedony, for example, on the left hand, trains balance, warns against nervousness.

Chalcedony Stone for Cancer

Crayfish with chalcedony are closer to their family, value and protect their happiness more diligently and reverently. With chalcedony, peace in the Cancer family will not be disturbed by any worries. A single woman born in the sign of Cancer, with the powers of chalcedony, will quickly find love. Her companion will cover with his head romantic fairy tale. With him, she will gain confidence and say “No” to stress.

Chalcedony Stone for Leo

A lion with chalcedony will achieve power, complete control over the whole situation. Chalcedony will give Leo, the owner of the talisman, the recognition of the "public". With the special properties of chalcedony, Leo's talents develop much more rapidly than without that stone. Warm, sunny chalcedony shades give Leo self-confidence, courage and some kind of support, as reliability and incentive.

Chalcedony Stone for Virgo

For those who were lucky enough to be born according to the horoscope Virgo, chalcedony "expands" inner world. Virgo with chalcedony perceives emotions, feelings and impressions more deeply. Every detail feels somehow special, as if the Virgo meets her for the first time. In communication, chalcedony holds the position of bringing the Virgin closer to kind and sympathetic people.

Chalcedony stone for Libra

Libra chalcedony will help to recognize deceivers, even among long-familiar people. From this, Libra will stop making an impressive part of their mistakes, because Libra is overly trusting and almost constantly succumbs to the “flow”. Also, chalcedony will help to “spot out” your betrothed among the crowd.

Chalcedony Stone for Scorpio

Scorpio is better to choose chalcedony saturated colors. Chalcedony will "cool" the hot temper of Scorpio, will not let you say too much in a "fever attack". The chalcedony will “switch” all the passion of Scorpio to work or some other business that requires the investment of considerable effort. Also, chalcedony will “destroy” possible family misunderstandings.

Chalcedony stone for Sagittarius

Sagittarius chalcedony is suitable in any color and form. Sagittarius, this stone "feeds" with energy, gives a feeling of omnipotence and complete confidence. Chalcedony for Sagittarius is a "magnet" of stability and a good future. In the form of any decoration, chalcedony protects Sagittarius from hasty conclusions, helps to accept any change with dignity.

Chalcedony stone for Capricorn

Capricorns are not averse to showing off and showing off their new acquisition. Not only can Capricorn boldly show everyone his chalcedony jewelry, this stone will also attract incredible wealth to its sometimes demanding owner. Chalcedony protects Capricorn from bankruptcy and unsuccessful financial investments.

Chalcedony stone for Aquarius

Aquarius chalcedony "colors" any "gaps" in life. Aquarius somehow everything is fine, after acquiring chalcedony. With a talisman from this mineral, Aquarius easily starts a conversation and starts something from scratch. In addition, chalcedony will attract love to Aquarius. Or it will “awaken” old feelings.

chalcedony stone for fish

Born according to the zodiac sign Pisces, with the help of chalcedony, they are delivered from boredom and sadness. Chalcedony brings Pisces good news and pleasant meetings. Also, chalcedony is responsible for the healthy and pure blood of Pisces and blood circulation in general.

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What names are suitable for chalcedony

Calcedony, as it is also called, is best suited for women who have the name Inga, Valeria, Ksenia, Irina, Love, Raisa and Karina. By purchasing this stone, they will forever throw negativity out of their lives.

For men named Alexander, Bogdan and George, the stone will give stability in financial affairs and improve relations with the family.

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Who is chalcedony jewelry suitable for?

Gem Application

Varieties of chalcedony are widely used for the manufacture of:

jewelry (cufflinks, necklaces, inserts in earrings, bracelets, rings, etc.);
souvenir products (figurines, amulets, key rings);
ritual objects;
decor items (vases, dishes, floor lamps, lampshades);
facing tiles;
mosaics;
stained glass;
interior details (countertops, sinks, picture frames and mirrors);
laboratory glassware (pharmaceutical mortars);
supports for precision instruments.

Chalcedony in jewelry

High-quality stones have long been loved by jewelers. Absolutely all varieties of chalcedony are opaque. Those that have a uniform color, similar to a thick liquid, are of the greatest interest.

For example, carnelian is used by jewelers to create exquisite jewelry not one hundred years. These stones are considered semi-precious, however, they also happen to act in tandem with gold, platinum, diamonds. Byron also sang the beauty of carnelian. He was struck by the deep gray color of the mineral and its hazy glow. No less valuable for jewelers are agates, christoprases, and onyxes.

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Bijouterie

Varieties of chalcedony are also used to create jewelry. Moreover, both on an industrial scale and in craftsmanship.

Today, many craftsmen work with chalcedony. These stones do not need to be cut - their charismatic irregular shape and intricate pattern are beautiful in themselves. All this gives the stones a unique charm. Simply polished saw cuts are often used to create wonderful jewelry. Polished pieces of stone have high decorative properties. This is especially true for those varieties that have an unusual pattern and color.

Amulet of Chalcedony

It is believed that the energy of chalcedony depends on the brightness. The larger it is, the more powerful the stone in its magical properties.

Chalcedony stone saves from nightmares, drives away ghosts and keeps lunatics during their nightly journeys, protects from the evil eye and negative energy. Chalcedony in the house protects against natural disasters and accidents, neutralizes the influence of geopathogenic zones.

Talisman Chalcedony

The Mongols call chalcedony the "stone of joy" and believe that it can drive away longing.
Bluish chalcedony relieved dangerous outbursts of anger and bouts of melancholy.
Chalcedony brings out the wearer's innate creative talents in music, painting, theater or literature.
At the same time, he brings success and attracts material well-being, distracts ill-wishers from his master.
It is believed that if you wear a chalcedony ring set in silver on your middle finger, then this hand will never become poor.

A piece of raw chalcedony can be a talisman. It is believed that if you keep it at home, it keeps peace and happiness in the family.

In the old days, chalcedony was considered a stone of love, attracting the hearts of men to a woman, as well as a stone that relieved outbursts of anger and bouts of melancholy.

Decorators also fell in love with this stone. It is easy to work with, it does not chip, does not crack and lends itself perfectly to a grinder and cutter. Figurines, accessories, ritual paraphernalia, all kinds of decorative elements are created from chalcedony.

Some of them can be called art objects, and not just beautiful crafts.

In addition, chalcedony sometimes becomes a material for creating decorative tiles, countertops, vases, sinks and more. Details from this mineral are incredibly beautiful in the form of inserts for inlay.

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IN ancient world Many interesting legends were associated with chalcedony:

Our ancestors believed that it was from agate (a variety of chalcedony) that the legendary cup of Jesus Christ was made - the very one in which Joseph of Arithea collected the blood of the Savior.

From another variety of chalcedony - onyx - the walls of the Jerusalem Temple of King Solomon were allegedly made.
A ring with a carnelian (a kind of chalcedony) was worn on earth by the vicegerent of Allah, the Prophet Mohammed.

In Rus', chalcedony was considered the mother of crystal, because. crystal crystals were found most often in deposits covered with chalcedony.

During the Middle Ages, chalcedony was considered the talisman of sailors.

The world's largest collection of chalcedony and products made from them is now kept and exhibited in the Hermitage. Among its exhibits are works of art of world significance made from chalcedony.

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How to distinguish natural chalcedony from a fake

Natural stone is durable. It is not only beautiful, but is considered unique in any samples. On the planet does not become over the years more deposits, so unscrupulous traders may offer fake grape chalcedony or a stone of a different color. fake stones differ from natural type only using modern technologies, and the process must be performed by a specialist.

Dzhambul chalcedony, like other varieties, is an inexpensive stone. But this does not stop dishonest people; fakes are pressed from crushed glass or plastic.

What should prospective buyers be careful about? When taking black chalcedony in the form of a bracelet or beads, then pay attention that the stones are the same. Identical beads that do not look different are most likely not real.

An amazing chalcedony stone, but when buying it, I would like to take a natural mineral and protect myself from a fake. In fact, the danger of being deceived is minimal. Most of the silicas we have described are relatively inexpensive and their purchase weight is measured not in carats, but in kilograms.
With such a formulation of the question, it is unreasonable to fake chalcedony, well, except perhaps to try to pass off the first piece of plastic that turned up as a stone. But here it should be remembered that chalcedony is a rather heavy pebble, artificial material will always be lighter in testing. And no one canceled the test with hot steel.
So, a needle heated to red will not cause any harm to the mineral, while it will certainly ruin the plastic.

Much more often you will have to deal with real, but painted chalcedony, but it is not difficult to distinguish them from the originals. So, natural colors are always softer and calmer, and in processed minerals, you can always, if you look closely, find a kind of mesh. The path through which the dye penetrated the stone.

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Care

Different varieties of chalcedony require different approaches to care, which must be considered:

Blue chalcedony should be protected from exposure to acetone, sweat, strong chemicals and ultrasonic cleaning.
Green chalcedony should be protected from prolonged exposure to sunlight and high temperatures, because. otherwise these stones will lose their color.
Black chalcedony (onyx) should be protected from ultrasonic cleaning, exposure to chemicals and acetone to preserve color.
Orange chalcedony (carnelian and sardier) should be protected from acetone, ultrasonic and steam cleaning, sudden temperature changes and exposure to chemicals.

Chalcedony is a fairly hard stone, however, there are stones harder than it, which can scratch and ruin chalcedony jewelry, so it is recommended to store them separately from other jewelry, wrapped in a soft cloth.
It is recommended to remove chalcedony jewelry before starting sports training and performing any physical work, so as not to accidentally damage the stone.
Chalcedony is easy to clean with warm, soapy water and a soft brush or cloth. However, at the end of cleaning, the stone should be thoroughly rinsed and the soapy residue removed.

The energy connection of representatives of the living world - people and natural stones related to inanimate nature, is inseparable. A stone is born, exposed to environmental changes, transformed into rocks and minerals, endowed with a purpose, and this process is similar to the fate of a person.

It is not surprising that almost everyone has the gifts of nature, either as decoration or in the form of finishing material for the interior. Chalcedony- a translucent mysterious mineral, which includes a myriad of crystals with unique properties.

Jewelry with the gifts of nature is not only a great gift, but it can also play a role:

protective amulet;
energy source;
family mascot.

The unusual qualities of a mineral are only enhanced if it is donated, the purchased one acts over time. A stolen stone has a negative effect, it will harm the new owner. You can’t even give your talisman to others for a while.

The choice of who the chalcedony stone is suitable for is often based on the recommendations of astrologers and depends on the zodiac sign and color:

greenish and yellowish palette will bring positive and protective moments.
Libra and Taurus blue ones are suitable, and amulets in white tones.
For Capricorns dark varieties are acceptable: brown, gray and blue. Which ones you can choose as a mascot, you can find out here.
Scorpions- black.
V this case universal, they fit all variations.

It is believed that those who were born on the eighteenth or twenty-second lunar day, are under the special protection of chalcedony. But those who were born under the sign of Aries and Leo should refrain from being close to the crystal.

History of the stone

The New Testament contains the first mention of chalcedony. The wall of the Heavenly City of Jerusalem was built from it. But the name of the stone comes from the ancient Greek city of Chalcedon, located on the coast of the Sea of Marmara.

In the ancient world, they learned how to extract and process gems, and entire wars were ignited for the right to own precious mines. During this period, unique stone decorations are created: gems and cameos.

Some legendary products from varieties of this have gone down in history:

the cup of Jesus Christ (Holy Grail), in which the blood of the Savior was collected, was made of agate;
the walls of the temple of King Solomon were built from onyx;
the carnelian ring belonged to the Prophet Mohammed.

Among the museum exhibits you can see relics belonging to the ancient Romans and Greeks:

unusual cups;
ritual objects;
clothes and weapons decorated with chalcedony;
figurines and dishes;
rings with special seals, etc.

The era of classicism is considered the second round of the popularity of the stone. His presence in diadems, rings, earrings and buckles among noble people spoke of the status of a person.

A ring made of this mineral was worn by:

Napoleon;
J. Byron;
Pushkin.

Interest in the treasure, its unique qualities does not subside in our time.

What color are chalcedony?

Studies have shown that the color of chalcedony is secondary after birth, it is brighter from the root source.

The palette of colors, shades, patterns due to impurities is multifaceted and unique:

It has blue chalcedony properties of strength and attractiveness. Women wearing jewelry with it receive mutual love. Angry and evil people find peace. Unsure of themselves, gain firmness of spirit. The stingy become generous. It has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart. In Asia, it is called the stone of joy. Probably, this feeling is given by the air and water present in the latent crystalline composition of blue quartz.
Bears pink chalcedony properties of the feminine. Contributes to the treatment of the reproductive system, pregnancy, has a positive effect on lactation. But it is not worn all the time, as it can draw energy to an unhealthy organ, thereby disrupting blood circulation. Hypertension sufferers wear bracelets made of pink stone on left hand. Men can keep the mineral in the form of a keychain. The placed figurine in the child's room will bring joy, normalize the baby's sleep. Students will increase the craving for knowledge, improve the perception of information, protect against the harmful effects of the computer. And the elderly will support vision and memory.
Attaches green chalcedony properties success, good luck in business. Products from it endow the owners with prosperity and wealth. It is believed that if you wear a mineral in the form of a pendant on your chest, then neither bankruptcy nor material damage is terrible. This is a favorite talisman among financiers, entrepreneurs, businessmen. In addition, it is a symbol of friendship, protection from damage and the evil eye, even a well-deserved punishment. The energy of the green mineral motivates for unique discoveries and innovative ideas.
Another variety is the colorful chalcedony., which consists of different yellow, red, brown and green colors in one stone, it is found in Chukotka and in the South Urals

Physical and chemical properties of chalcedony

The science of mineralogy refers the stone to a whole vast group of minerals belonging to silica, quartz rocks, among them:

cornelian;
sapphirine;
onyx;
agate;
heliotrope, etc.

By chemical composition- This is fine-crystalline silicon dioxide, the content of which varies from 90 to 99%, a small percentage component falls on iron and aluminum impurities.

Physical Qualities:

hardness 6.5-7 units. on the Mohs scale (i.e. weak);
density 2.6 g/cm³;
fracture: shelly-conchoidal;
resistant to weak acids;
gloss: waxy, dull;
stalactite-like porous structure.

The magical properties of the stone

Each phenomenon can be found scientific justification and explain the incredible to them. However, chalcedony magic Stone, which is endowed with amazing qualities.

Its ancient oriental idea speaks, first of all, of love and happiness. Energy resists the evil otherworldly force in the form of demons, ghosts, various hostile entities.

Ancient people believed that:

it gives eloquence if kept under the tongue;
the ring on the middle finger provides prosperity;
protects the house from natural disasters.

Contemporaries are also convinced that:

the mineral strengthens family life;
establishes intimate relationships;
increases happiness in the family;
drives away sad thoughts;
uplifting;
fills the owner with vital energy.

In addition, a small piece of crystal under the bed will protect against insomnia, nightmares. For weather-dependent people in the house, it is better to have pendants or dishes in tandem with rock crystal. It is able to normalize the energy of geopathogenic anomalies. Well, the gift of nature, in the form of a small red agate, will help you move up the career ladder.

Medicinal properties

Even ancient people knew the healing power of chalcedony.

It is mentioned in old writings:

Claudius Galena;
Pliny the Elder;
Paracelsus;
Avicenna;
Chinese, Indian treatises;
Assyrian, Old Russian manuscripts.

Of course, stones cannot be attributed to drugs. But their use has a positive effect on cells, the nervous system, and has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state.

The constant wearing of the mineral reduces aggression, rage, as if allowing the mind to establish control over the psyche,

The risks of the following mental disorders are also reduced:

panic attacks;
deep depressions;
nervous exhaustion.

With folk methods of healing, chalcedony is used for:

eye diseases;
treatment of the circulatory system;
bone diseases;
hormonal disruptions, thyroid problems.

To normalize pressure and the cardiovascular system, water, alcohol solutions infused with chalcedony are used.

Colds are expelled with water, in which a crystal was previously placed overnight. Drinking liquid eliminates the virus, stabilizes, promotes metabolism, positively affects the endocrine glands.

Prolonged use of the crystal can lead to the formation of gallstone disease. Therefore, predisposed to such an ailment, it is better not to be treated in this way.

Where is chalcedony mined?

Here the breed is exposed to such intense environmental influences:

leaching;
dehydration;
internal change.

In the veins of cracks in basalts, andesites, tuffs, in the voids of limestone, a mineral is formed. Alluvial deposits, stretched along the river valleys, are considered constant "suppliers" of natural stones. When carried by water streams, they not only polish well, become smooth, but also change their color.

The whole world knows rocks mined in Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, India.

In terms of quality and appearance, chalcedony mined in:

Russia (Urals, Siberia);
Kazakhstan;
Poland;
Australia;
Zambia;
Namibia;
Taiwan;
the Hebrides.

Not a single branch of human activity can do without a crystal; it is most widely used for:

instrument making;
chemical industry;
pharmaceutical industry.

Chalcedony is not a panacea for all ailments and problems. Like any abuse, overindulgence magical properties natural stones will not lead to something good.

But even inveterate skeptics will agree that the hand itself reaches for the mineral. And if energy forces at zero, you just need to support, rub it, and a burst of vivacity, a clarification of thoughts will definitely come.