Spasms after miscarriage. What does an early miscarriage look like? Physiological Consequences of Spontaneous Abortion

With the help of natural methods and means, without the use of hormones.

I probably would never have decided to write this post if I had not come to the conclusion that I need to share my knowledge for the benefit of other girls who find themselves in the same situation as me. Because that's what I'm blogging for...

I will not talk about the emotional component of what happened, because there are not enough words to describe the horror. Although I will touch on what helped me restore my emotional balance. I know for sure that I will never forget this, but I let go and resigned myself.

This post will talk about how to restore the body physically, bring hormones back to normal, stimulate regenerative processes in order to allow a miracle to happen again in the future. Unfortunately, I had to experience all this first hand, dig through a bunch of information and make a special plan. Although to be honest, I hope that this will never come in handy to anyone.

My history

Now I don't like to let people into my personal life. I began to believe that happiness loves silence. But blogging, I can no longer claim to be able to hide or hide anything related to my health from my readers. I don't think this is fair. Blog about health...

I lost my baby at 17 weeks. Yes, I led healthy lifestyle life, drank all the necessary vitamins (which I advise you), but ... I somehow forgot and missed one of the very important factors. I forgot what strong influence can even provide healthy body stress and nerves. It seemed to me that my body was strong enough to endure and give birth to a baby without any problems. I didn't calculate my strength. Having become pregnant very quickly and easily, I took it for granted, not really appreciating it. And I paid for it.

I already planned how we would have only one ultrasound, how I would have a doula, how our dad would be with us during the appearance of our joint miracle, how I would naturally give birth at home ... Even the names have already been thought of. And of course, with joy, they told family and friends ...

I spent the entire first trimester in tears due to nerves. I had a difficult life situation that could be said to decide my future. I could not calm down, relax and let go. All my loved ones prayed that I would stop crying and just calm down. But I couldn't. I let all the stress, the whole situation go through me. Please don't repeat my mistake. I'm probably writing this post to protect expectant mothers from this.

The pregnancy went well. I didn't have toxicity. At all. I was tired, but that's completely normal. And food preferences have changed, which is also the norm.

The second trimester started well. Fatigue was gone, I could eat what I needed, and not just like it. The mood got better.Until one day I woke up from a pulling pain in my lower abdomen. The doctor diagnosed a threatened miscarriage and I went to the hospital.

I had a very high uterine tone. There were magnesium drips, progesterone pills, and injections.

After 2 days in the hospital, I discovered that the so-called “cork” had come off (which I had already read a lot about and even knew from the photo what it looks like), it protects the unborn baby from infection. A day later, I started having what I call contractions. Severe pain came for a minute and then let go for 5. And so for 24 hours. I did not sleep all night. Doctors said it was just a tone. But I subconsciously knew that I was giving birth.

The next day, exhausted, I went to the doctor on duty. I was in such pain that I could not even sit, the pain was in my lower back.

When I was in the chair, the doctor told me that the uterus was completely open and nothing could be done. What killed me from all this was not the physical pain, but the fact that our son was completely healthy, my body simply could not cope ...

And then came after. How to come to terms with what happened. How to stop blaming yourself and others? How to learn to live again? A lot like. And one more question. Why me? Why did this happen? Why is my healthy body couldn't bear the baby? All that saved me from depression was the support of my beloved, parents, sister and friends. And what I concluded. serious conclusions. That now I have to do everything possible so that this never happens again. You need to stop taking things to heart and not be nervous. And then you have to pay a very high price.

Now I am directing all my strength to restore my strength. Normalize hormones. Restore your body.

First 2 weeks

This is the time to let your body heal itself. I tried to eat healthy and healthy. Removed all sugar. I continued to drink prenatal vitamins, cod liver, probiotics, vitamin D3 and Magnesium (it helped me relax very well).

Every morning I started with. Then there were probiotics in capsules to restore the intestines after taking antibiotics. Still drinking. I tried to drink kefir 2 times a day.

My chest started to hurt a lot. When I was leaving the hospital, I was prescribed another course of antibiotics, which I did not take. It was my personal decision. Instead, I ate 1 clove of garlic 3 times a day. I also took 2 tablets of natural.

I began to walk and sleep in a sports bra. And she applied fresh cabbage leaves to her breasts. Right into the bra. For several hours a day, changed and again, even slept with them! My mom recommended this to me and it really worked. After 5 days, the chest stopped hurting.

Always and especially at this time it is very important to monitor the intestines, namely, its regularity. I drank kefir, yogurt, curdled milk in the morning and at night. And after the last meal, after 2 hours, I drank 3 capsules of the probiotic. also helped, 2 teaspoons at night or 2 pipettes in the morning and 2 pipettes in the evening of this Magnesium ionic solution.

During this time, you can not overexert. I slept and walked a lot. And I wrote new posts, because it distracted and relaxed me. I also practiced.

I started to brew and drink a raspberry leaf, which has a tonic effect on the uterus. For a small teapot 500 ml - 3 tablespoons of raspberry leaves. I collected the leaves in the summer in the St. Petersburg forest, you can find them in a pharmacy or. Infuse for half an hour and drink throughout the day. This helps the uterus to contract and bounce back naturally without the use of hormones.

By the way, the doctors during the discharge and even on subsequent visits tried to impose on me birth control pills with the words "that without this the hormonal background will not be restored." That's bullshit. I did not take any hormonal drugs and my cycle completely recovered by itself.

In 2 weeks

I started a special notebook (I like to write more than print, which was called Restoring - Recovery). And there I began to think about how and how you can help your body restore itself.

I continued to eat healthy and take natural probiotics. I continued to drink raspberry leaf for another week. And then she happened. . Which I haven't had in years. And this time it took me about a week to get rid of it.

I started taking:

• Cloves in capsules - 2 capsules 2 times a day
• Garlic, fresh - 1 large clove 2 times a day (more on how to properly take garlic as an antibiotic)
• Garlic - a slice "there" for the first 3 days, changed 3 times a day. I can say that nothing relieves pain like this remedy! I have already written about this in more detail)
• 1 teaspoon 2 times a day in a glass of water
• 3 drops per olive oil 2 times a day
• Soda - 1 teaspoon in a glass of water in the morning on an empty stomach and at night
• I also sat in a bowl of apple cider vinegar once a day, it helped relieve itching

This time I noticed one very important pattern, that the more I was nervous, the more thrush aggravated. Therefore, it is very important to calm down and take stress under control. By the way, long-term chronic thrush can often be provoked by nerves.

I also started taking supplements that restore and put the body in order, especially with regard to reproductive function:

Additives:

Fertility Cleansing

The next step to restore my fertility was the Fertility Cleanse. But for this it was necessary to wait for the first menstruation, which, as it seems, should normally begin 4-6 weeks after the miscarriage.

Mine started 6 weeks and 1 day later, which I must admit was the joy of the day! This meant that the body had eliminated the pregnancy hormones and a new cycle was beginning. But I was already prepared to wait longer, trusting my body. So if you're over 6 weeks already, don't despair, wait another 2 weeks and if you still don't have your period, go to the doctor to see if everything is ok.

Well, now actually about the purges - there were 2 of them! These delicate cleanings are also recommended for infertility and planned preparation for pregnancy. I have already written about them.

And so additional methods aimed at restoring fertility:

Banks

Yes, the most ordinary banks! Banks are one of the ancient methods that regenerate the whole body. At first, after cupping therapy, I had bluish bruises (which indicates stagnant processes in the body), but now there is almost nothing left. I tried to do this therapy once a week. To do this, you need to find a competent specialist in this recovery method!

Compresses with castor oil

Or an alternative method for improving the functioning of organs and systems, detoxification and lymph flow. I did in the area of ​​​​the liver and uterus.

And from all this again I can say one thing - everything is in our hands! Everything that happens to us in life is not an accident, but no matter how painful and insulting it is, it is an experience. From which certain conclusions must be drawn! Therefore, do not lose faith in yourself and in your body! According to statistics, after the first miscarriage, 85% of women carry and give birth to healthy babies! The most important thing is peace in the head and in the body.

When can I plan to get pregnant again?

This is one of the very difficult questions. When I had a miscarriage, the doctor told me that not earlier than six months later. Then for me "six months" was terribly and unbearably long. Those who have gone through this will understand me - I want to get pregnant almost immediately in order to make up for the pain of loss ...

When I left the hospital, one obsessive thought was spinning in my head - I want a Baby! And as soon as possible. And there was another thought - you need to restore your body and prevent what happened. That is, go the way and get a prize in the form of a baby. But when can you start thinking about pregnancy? When is it, then the right time? I confess that I was ready to obey the doctors and wait for a long, as it seemed to me then, 6 months.

And then I came across one where 1000-something women after their first miscarriage got pregnant faster and carried a healthy baby if they did it up to 3 months after the miscarriage occurred than those who waited longer. Then there were doctors' explanations that the need to wait six months was dictated by the fact that it takes about that much for a woman to heal the psychological pain of loss. That is, in essence physiological aspects No. ,

The consequences of a miscarriage can be emotionally painful for both you and your partner, as well as negatively affect your body. A miscarriage is the loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of gestation that occurs spontaneously or otherwise. Start with Step 1 below to find out helpful tips how to take care of yourself physically and emotionally after a miscarriage.

Steps

Taking care of yourself physically

Rest as much as possible during the first 24 hours. It is obviously essential to rest as much as possible within the 24 hours immediately following a miscarriage, as this gives your body time to adjust to the new state and recover from the loss.

• Get as much sleep as possible - if you're having trouble falling asleep, try drinking a glass of warm milk. The warm liquid will relax your body and help you fall asleep.
• While resting, try to stretch your arms and legs every ten minutes. Every day you can walk for 20 minutes - this exercise will benefit you and help you sleep better.

1. Take painkillers to relieve crampy abdominal pain. Spasmodic pain in the abdomen very often occurs after a miscarriage and is usually accompanied by bleeding. At different women this pain manifests itself in different ways and may depend on whether the miscarriage was natural or the fetus was removed surgically.

   • Take medications like ibuprofen to relieve back pain, while stronger drugs like Cyclopam and Buscopan are antispasmodics that relieve pain by reducing the intensity of uterine muscle contractions.
   • The pain and cramps should subside on their own over time. If over time the pain only increases, it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor, as there may be tissue left in the uterus that should be removed.

2. Take your temperature, as it serves as an indicator of infection. In the first five days after a miscarriage, it is recommended to check the temperature daily. At any temperature above 37.60 ° C, see a doctor, as a high temperature may be a sign of an infection in the uterus or outside it.

3. Use sanitary pads or tampons to control bleeding. After a miscarriage, heavy, moderate bleeding from the vagina is characteristic, as the uterus pushes out the tissues left after pregnancy. For heavy bleeding, use sanitary towels, and as soon as they decrease, switch to tampons. Sanitary napkin and tampons should be changed at least every 8 hours.

   • You should also take a shower at least once a day (twice is better). This helps support normal level hygiene and reduce the risk of infections.
   • Do not douche or use any strong chemical disinfectant or soap around the vaginal area. This can cause irritation and lead to infection.

4. Apply hot and cold compresses to relieve cramps and headaches. Hot and cold compresses are good for headaches, along with stomach cramps and back pain. Alternating hot and cold compresses good idea, as the heat helps to relax the muscles, while the cold helps to dull any pain.

   • You can buy special hot and cold compresses for this, or you can make your own by soaking a washcloth in hot or cold water and squeeze it out before use. You can also use a bag of frozen peas for a cold compress and a bottle of hot water for hot compress.
   • Press a hot compress on the affected area and hold for 20-25 minutes, then change to a cold one, or vice versa.

5. Follow a healthy diet as it will help your body recover. Eating a healthy diet is the most important thing after a miscarriage, as eating healthy will help the body heal and restore normal functioning. It will also give you more energy and help you feel better overall. Poor nutrition will only make you feel worse.

   • Eat a balanced diet that contains a healthy portion of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and fat. Try to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day.
   • Get more calcium - up to about 200 mg per day. During pregnancy, the fetus absorbs all of the calcium, so you may not have enough after a miscarriage. Drink milk, eat dairy products and fish such as sardines and salmon.
   • Increase your folic acid intake. Folic acid is essential for blood compounds and you tend to lose a lot of blood after a miscarriage. Get more folic acid by adding more green leaves, vegetables, and fruits to your diet.

6. Give up sexual activity during the first 1-2 months after a miscarriage. It is advisable to avoid sexual intercourse in the first 1-2 months after a miscarriage - this time will be required for the healing of the vagina.

   • After you return to sexual activity, it is recommended to use contraceptives, as there is an increased risk of becoming pregnant again before your normal menstruation returns (usually one month to six weeks after a miscarriage).
   • This is especially important if you and your partner don't want to get pregnant so soon.

   Taking care of yourself emotionally

   1. Mourn the loss of your child. Different people react to miscarriage in different ways, but everyone, regardless of the circumstances of not carrying a pregnancy, needs time to heal the wounds. It is important that you have the opportunity to grieve the loss of your child for as long as you need to, as this helps you come to terms with the loss and begin the healing process.

      • If you're constantly feeling down and can't seem to recover from your miscarriage, seeking the help of a therapist is a good idea. He will help you deal with your feelings and explain the meaning of what you have gone through.
      • It is very important to find a psychologist with whom you feel comfortable, and you can tell him about your sorrows, fears and anxieties.

   2. Share your feelings with a close friend or family member. Hormonal changes that occur in the mother's body after a miscarriage can increase feelings of sadness or anger, which your partner may or may not fully understand. Therefore, finding a friend, close relative, or even a support group to express your feelings to is very important. It helps to heal and prevent depression.

      • However, it is important to be aware of the fact that miscarriage is a depressing experience for both the mother and her partner. Both experience emotional stress after losing a child, so don't close yourself off from your partner - it's important to support each other throughout the mourning period.
      • Also try to keep in mind that both partners may experience loss in different ways. For example, you may cry out loud while your partner continues to keep his or her grief in. This does not mean that his pain of loss is less, so try to be understanding.

   3. Do simple exercises and meditations. Once you've overcome the initial physical symptoms of a miscarriage, it's a good idea to work on yourself as much as possible. Any kind of physical activity will do you good, as it reduces the level of androgens (stress hormones) in our body and releases endorphins (joyful, relaxing hormones) instead.

      • Start with a daily 20 minute walk to get your blood circulating - fresh air will do you good. After that, you can move on to more challenging activities like running, cycling or rowing.
      • Choose the type of physical activity that you like best - anything from dancing to rock climbing and horseback riding. The first months after a miscarriage are very difficult time so it's important to engage in activities that make you happy

   4. Take up yoga. For women who are recovering from a miscarriage, it is recommended to practice yoga every day, as it consists of light physical exercises and helps to calm the mind and relieve tension.

      • Yoga includes a series of breathing exercises that help you feel calm and relaxed, as well as getting more oxygen into your bloodstream, relaxing your muscles, and helping you feel better physically.
      • Yoga can be practiced in the comfort of your home using a yoga mat and DVD, or you can find classes in your area. More detailed instructions on how to perform certain breathing exercises yoga, see this article.

   5. Ask your doctor to prescribe antidepressants if needed. Anti-anxiety medications and antidepressants help manage depression and anxiety when these feelings become overwhelming. These drugs work by inhibiting the serotonin receptors that cause major depression and grief.

      • It may take about 3 weeks before you feel a noticeable difference while taking these medicines. But over time, they tend to give good results.
      • Talk to your doctor to get you a prescription.

   6. Return to work when you feel ready for it. It will take some time to return to work and normal daily activities after a miscarriage. For each person, this time will be different.

      • Some people will try to get home from work early to deal with the emotional trauma of losing their child. Others, on the other hand, will put more time into work because they don't feel ready to face a problem in the real world.
      • How long it takes you to recover from a miscarriage is completely your personal choice, which depends on how you feel - both psychologically and physically. Spend as much time as you need - no need to rush into a decision.

   7. Plan your future pregnancy with an obstetrician. After a miscarriage, it is recommended to plan any future pregnancies only with an obstetrician.

      • Your OB/GYN will advise you on any precautions you can take to avoid future miscarriages. These may be recommendations for rest during pregnancy and a balanced diet.
      • He or she may also prescribe you drugs that minimize the risk of miscarriage. This will help you feel calmer and safer during your next pregnancy.
      • For more information on how to prevent miscarriage, see this article.

   Understanding miscarriage

   1. Remember that there are different types miscarriages. A miscarriage is defined as the loss of a fetus before 20 months of pregnancy. However, within this definition, there are several terms used to describe the exact nature of a miscarriage:

      • Spontaneous abortion: occurs when a pregnancy is terminated naturally, before 20 weeks, due to factors such as genetic abnormalities, drug or alcohol abuse, infections, or hormonal problems that prevent the fetus from surviving.
      • incomplete abortion: this is when the pregnancy is terminated, but some of the tissue is still in the womb. The doctor must remove this tissue, otherwise it can lead to infection.
      • Complete abortion: this is when the fetus is removed with all accompanying tissues (also known as products of conception).
      • Inevitable abortion: this is a type of abortion where the symptoms cannot be prevented or stopped, and eventually lead to a miscarriage. Symptoms include bleeding from the vagina and dilatation of the cervix.

   2. Find out if you are at risk. Some women are at a higher risk of miscarriage than others. In some cases these risks can be avoided, but in others they are unavoidable. Women at risk:

      • Who smoke, drink or take drugs during pregnancy. This lifestyle is known to reduce the level of amniotic fluid in the body, which causes premature labor and may lead to miscarriage.
      • Who are older than 35 at the time of conception of their first child.
      • Who already had a bitter experience of miscarriage.

   3. Learn to recognize the symptoms and signs of a possible miscarriage. If you are pregnant, it is important to learn to recognize the early signs and symptoms of a miscarriage. If you notice any of the following symptoms, you should call your doctor and get tested.

      • Vaginal bleeding: bleeding from the vagina (often accompanied by sharp pains) is one of the most obvious signals that you are about to have a miscarriage (or that you have already had one). Please visit your nearest doctor if you notice any vaginal bleeding. Bleeding occurs when the placenta begins to separate due to various factors, such as a decrease in the level of hCG in the blood or the use of drugs and alcohol, which leads to spontaneous labor.
      • Isolation of clots: in some cases, there may not be any bleeding (at least at first), but you may notice a clot of tissue from the vagina. This is due to the low level of hCG in the blood, which means that the mother's body is not able to bear a child until full term and, of course, a miscarriage occurs.
      • Pain in the abdomen or back: any form of abdominal pain or lower back pain should make you suspect a miscarriage. These types of pains are often the first sign that the uterus is contracting due to lower levels of estrogen and hCG in the blood.

   4. Understand how your doctor determines if you've had a miscarriage. In some cases, this is not immediately clear, even if there are symptoms such as vaginal bleeding and cramping. In such situations, doctors must perform several tests to see if the pregnancy is still valid. These tests include:

      • Routine AS (Clinical Blood Count) - Testing is done to determine the level of hemoglobin in the blood and how much blood has been lost.
      • Determination of the blood type - is carried out to find out Rh compatibility. Rh compatibility indicates whether the blood type of the mother and fetus will be the same or different.
      • You may be advised to have an ultrasound of your abdomen and/or pelvis.
      • The level of hCG in the blood is tested to see if it is low or normal. Low hCG levels increase the chance of miscarriage.

   5. Learn how tissue is removed in an incomplete abortion. An incomplete abortion is when the fetus is removed, but the products of conception remain inside the uterus. These products of conception must be removed to prevent infection of the uterus. This is done through a procedure known as dilatation and curettage.

      • During dilation and curettage, the patient is anesthetized and put to sleep so that she does not feel any pain. The cervix is ​​then dilated and an instrument called a curette removes the contents of the uterus through the cervix.
      • After the tissues have been removed, the uterus is cleaned with antiseptic solution betadine, which helps prevent infection.
   • Wear a comfortable bra to reduce chest discomfort.
   • Get a massage to relieve tension in your neck, back, and shoulders.
   • Any bleeding from the vagina before 20 weeks is called a miscarriage. Anything after 20 weeks is called preterm labor.

   Sources

   • Barrett, E. E. (2010). What was lost: A Christian journey through miscarriage. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press.
   • Rehmann-Sutter, C., & Müller, H. (2009). Disclosure dilemmas: Ethics of genetic prognosis after the "right to know/not to know" debate. Farnham, England: Ashgate Pub.
   • Perkins, S., & Meyers-Thompson, J. (2007). Infertility for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub.
   • Katz VL. Spontaneous and recurrent abortion: etiology, diagnosis, treatment. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2012:chap 16.
   • Laurino MY, Bennett RL, Saraiya DS, et al. Genetic evaluation and counseling of couples with recurrent miscarriage: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors. J Genet Couns. June 2005;14(3). Reaffirmed April 2010.
   • Simpson JL, Jauniaux ERM. Pregnancy loss. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, eds. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 26.

Spontaneous or planned termination of pregnancy is a trauma for the physical and psychological state of a woman. This test for the body must be able to survive in order to qualitatively restore strength and reproductive capacity.

Recovery of the body after an abortion

Artificial termination of pregnancy is the strongest stress for health. After all, the body was preparing for the birth of a child, and this important process was interrupted by premature surgical intervention.

Restoring health after an abortion takes time and effort: a woman who dreams of becoming a mother will have to regain not only her reproductive ability, but also a calm mental state. For this you need:

• be sure to undergo a control examination of the uterine cavity using ultrasound, which is carried out 2 weeks after the operation;
• exclude sexual activity for a period of at least 3 weeks after the abortion. Ignoring the ban can provoke serious complications;
• be sure to follow the rules of intimate hygiene. Perform hygiene procedures several times a day, using warm boiled water for this;
• do not lift heavy objects and exclude physical labor for 2 weeks after the operation;
• before the onset of the first menstruation after the operation, use only a warm shower for washing - bathing in the bath can cause inflammation;
• within 3-4 weeks after the abortion, do not swim in the pool, sea or pond in order to avoid infection;
• to prevent inflammatory complications, take a short course of broad-spectrum antibiotics prescribed by a doctor;
• pay attention proper nutrition rich in vitamins and proteins;
• postpone any diet for 4-5 months in order to avoid depletion of the body at a time when it needs strength to recover;
• to empty the bowels in a timely manner and bladder, which will minimize the risk of inflammatory processes in the pelvis.

The minimum period required for the restoration of female
body after a miscarriage and preparation for the next
pregnancy is 3 menstrual cycles.

Recovery of the body after a miscarriage

Spontaneous miscarriage is a big test for a woman. It is not easy to come to terms with the loss of the future desired child, but it is necessary in order to repeat the attempt to become a mother again in the future. And for this it is important:

• do not lock yourself in your grief and do not “go into yourself”;
• after a miscarriage, take a break from trying to conceive for 6 to 12 months;
• lead a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits;
• avoid psychological stress;
• exclude heavy physical exertion;
• in nutrition, give priority to food rich in vitamins and proteins;
• consult with a gynecologist about the choice of contraceptives and vitamins.

Goal: to recover for the life of the unborn child

Mental wounds after a miscarriage heal if there is support from loved ones. It is also important for abortion. Therefore, it is worth looking to the future with hope and believing that after a few months cherished desire about pregnancy can again become a reality. And there will already be completely different concerns - how to save the life of the future little man, whose heart will beat under your heart.

Expert: Tatyana Ivanova, gynecologist
Elena Nersesyan-Brytkova

From this article you will learn about miscarriage before 20 weeks of pregnancy.

What is a miscarriage?

A miscarriage is the termination of a pregnancy during the first 20 weeks. After 20 - the loss of a child is called a stillbirth. A miscarriage can end in days or weeks. The following symptoms are usually observed: vaginal bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, or pelvic organs, or discharge of fetal tissue. Bleeding may be light, heavy, persistent, or intermittent. It is often not immediately clear whether minor bleeding is a sign of a miscarriage. When it is accompanied by pain, the chance of miscarriage increases.

Risk factors for miscarriage

• Age 35 and over.
• History of previous miscarriages.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome, which is accompanied by ovulation problems, obesity, increased levels of male hormones and increased risk development of diabetes.
• Certain bacterial and viral infections during pregnancy.
• Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
• Anomaly in the development of the shape of the uterus.
• Physical injury.
• Exposure to harmful chemicals such as benzene and formaldehyde.
• Father's age, especially up to 35 years.

Other factors that increase the risk of miscarriage include:

• The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen or naproxin) during fertilization or in the early stages of pregnancy.
• Use of alcohol or drugs, or smoking during pregnancy.
• Snake bite.
• Drinking large amounts of caffeine.
• Chorionic villus biopsy or amniocentesis (puncture of the fetal bladder) to detect birth defects or genetic diseases of the fetus. If this procedure is carried out by highly qualified specialists, the risk of miscarriage is 1:400. In other cases, it slightly increases - 2-4:400 and is associated with an unprofessional procedure.

It is perfectly normal to try to find the cause of a miscarriage. It is important to note that most miscarriages are due to the abnormal development of a fertilized egg, and not because the woman has made a mistake. A miscarriage is not provoked by stressful situations, physical activity or sex.

Miscarriage symptoms

• Vaginal bleeding: slight or heavy, constant or intermittent. Bleeding is considered a sign of miscarriage, but it is often observed with normal course pregnancy, so the possibility of miscarriage increases with the simultaneous appearance of pain.
• Pain. There may be uterine contractions, abdominal pain, or persistent, recurring back pain. The duration of the pain varies from several hours to several days after the onset of bleeding.
• Vaginal discharge in the form of blood clots or grayish fetal tissue. It is not always possible to say with certainty that a miscarriage occurs. It is usually accompanied by a chain of symptoms that last for several days, with each woman experiencing them differently.

If a miscarriage has already begun, you will not be able to help yourself, since this process cannot be stopped or prevented. A miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy as a result of a pathology of fetal development at an early stage of cell division.

It is important to be aware of the symptoms of a miscarriage and, at the first sign of it, consult a doctor immediately. Until the doctor conducts an examination and diagnosis, give up intimate relationships and physical activity. Call 911 immediately for severe bleeding and symptoms of shock.

Shock symptoms:

• dizziness or feeling like you're about to pass out;
• anxiety, confusion or fear;
• slow or rapid breathing;
• weakness;
• thirst, nausea or vomiting;
• strong heartbeat.

Call your doctor right away if you are pregnant and have vaginal bleeding, or experience paroxysmal pain in your abdomen, pelvis, or lower back. Your doctor will ask you to collect any tissue secretions in a container for analysis.

Complications after a miscarriage

The most common complications after a miscarriage are excessive bleeding and inflammation. Minor to moderate vaginal bleeding (but not heavy) should resolve within two weeks of the miscarriage. Call 911 immediately if you experience heavy vaginal bleeding after a miscarriage and are in shock.

Recurrence of a miscarriage

If you have had three or more miscarriages, your doctor will try to determine the cause.

• Blood testing for antibodies (antiphospholipid syndrome).
• Blood test for abnormalities of chromosome cells.
• Determination of hormone levels to detect polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Carrying out hysteroscopy or ultrasound of the abdominal cavity to detect violations of the development of the uterus.

How to recognize a miscarriage?

• Vaginal examination, as a result of which it becomes clear that the cervix opens and blood clots and fetal tissues come out.
• Blood test: determination of the level of pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin). The analysis is done several times in order to determine the progression of pregnancy.
• Ultrasound helps to determine the integrity of the fetal bladder, heart rate and the age of the fetus.
• If before that you did not have to do an analysis for the Rh factor, then the doctor will also recommend it.

What to do in case of miscarriage?

If you experience symptoms of a miscarriage, see your doctor immediately. If this is not done, the risk of complications increases. The physician must ensure that:

• You have not lost too much blood and the inflammatory process has not begun;
• no signs ectopic pregnancy, which is life-threatening and requires immediate surgical intervention;
• you don't have negative Rh factor, which may adversely affect the next pregnancy.

Measures to take in the event of a miscarriage

Although it is impossible to stop or prevent a miscarriage, treatment is still prescribed to prevent complications. Depending on the condition of the woman, the doctor:

• observes the course of a miscarriage for days or weeks;
• prescribes medications to completely cleanse the uterus and prevent the inflammatory process;
• perform curettage or vacuum abortion (up to 12 weeks of pregnancy).

If the doctor confirms that the uterus has cleared, you can expect the bleeding to stop in a week or a little more. In the absence of symptoms of complications (high fever and severe bleeding), drug treatment is not prescribed. But if the above symptoms are observed (fever up to 38 or more, and you also need to change the pad twice an hour), you should immediately see a doctor, as there is a risk of life-threatening blood loss and infection.

Overview of miscarriage treatment

There are no medications that can stop a miscarriage. If there are no symptoms of complications such as large blood loss, weakness, high fever, or other signs of inflammation, it is possible to allow the body to cope with the miscarriage and clear itself, which usually takes several days. If you are Rh negative, you should be vaccinated with Rh antibodies to prevent problems in the future.

With severe bleeding and pain that persist for a long time, the doctor may recommend curettage of the uterine cavity in order to completely cleanse the uterus.

Threat of abortion

If you have vaginal bleeding but tests show that the pregnancy has not ended yet, your doctor will usually advise:

• rest: temporarily abandon intimate relationships and physical activity, and sometimes even bed rest(although there is no evidence that bed rest is effective for threatened miscarriage);
• take progesterone: The hormone progesterone helps maintain pregnancy, although it has been proven that it only delays the time of miscarriage, and does not prevent it (it is effective on long term pregnancy to prevent premature birth);
• do not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (you can only take acetamiphene - Tylenol).

Incomplete miscarriage

Sometimes some part of the fetal tissue remains in the uterine cavity. This is called an incomplete miscarriage. If the doctor confirms this diagnosis after examination, the following treatment is possible:

• observation: the doctor decides to wait and see if the woman’s body can cope on its own, while closely monitoring the woman’s health and taking certain measures in case of complications;
• medications: mifepristone (and/or misoprostol) causes uterine contractions and evacuation;
• curettage of the uterine cavity or vacuum aspiration is aimed at completing the miscarriage and cleansing the uterus.

Additional Treatment

In case of severe bleeding, a blood test for hemoglobin should be done, and in case of anemia, a course of treatment should be taken. If you are Rh negative, you should get an Rh antibody vaccination to prevent problems in the future. In very rare cases, removal of the uterus is required - when there is very heavy bleeding or the inflammatory process cannot be removed with antibiotics.

After a miscarriage

If you are planning to become pregnant again, please consult your doctor. Most experts agree that you should wait for at least the first normal menstrual cycle. The chances of a healthy pregnancy are quite high even after one or two miscarriages. In the case of multiple miscarriages (three or four in a row), testing and diagnosis should be performed to determine the cause of the abortion. But, as statistics show, 70% of couples manage to give birth to a child without special treatment after several miscarriages.

Rehabilitation after a miscarriage

It is natural that, despite the gestational age, a woman will mourn her unborn child. Guilt, anxiety and sadness will haunt for some time, in addition, there will be a burning desire to find out the true reason for what happened. But in most cases, a miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy, which cannot be prevented. To cope with grief, experts recommend that the woman and her family members find support groups and communicate with other people who have already experienced this ordeal.

Today there is a lot of literature on how to survive a miscarriage. Look for it in bookstores, the library, or the Internet. The severity and duration of grief depends on the woman herself and varies from case to case, but most women who have experienced a miscarriage still find the strength to return to work for a fairly short time. Feelings of loss and hormonal fluctuations often provoke the development of depression. Therefore, you need to be on the alert and consult a psychologist if the symptoms of depression do not go away within 2 weeks.

Most women after one or more miscarriages can still have a healthy pregnancy and have a baby. But, if you plan to get pregnant again, go to the doctor first, as experts recommend waiting for at least the first menstrual cycle after a miscarriage.

What should you think about?

Scientists suggest that a number of miscarriages occur as a result of a woman's immune system failure. But experimental immunotherapy has not yet yielded the desired result.

Call your doctor right away if you have:

• heavy bleeding, but there are no symptoms of shock. If it is not possible to contact a doctor, ask your loved ones to take you to the nearest hospital.
• an inflammatory process has begun: high fever (38 and above), moderate or severe pain in the abdominal cavity, as well as vaginal discharge have a specific smell.

If a woman has a miscarriage, it is important to take competent measures to restore health. This will help to cope with the pathology morally and prepare the ground for new pregnancy. Medical statistics state that 15-20% of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. different reasons. The symptoms of what happened rarely go unnoticed.

This makes it possible for a woman to diagnose what happened in time, contact a gynecologist, undergo adequate treatment and plan the birth of a child for the future. Spontaneous abortion experts classify into three categories:

1. Termination biochemical pregnancy - the embryo leaves the uterine cavity in the first - third week after conception. A woman during this period most often does not suspect that she is carrying a child. Pregnancy becomes known only when testing for the content of hCG in the urine and blood, which is why it is called "biochemical". The failed mother perceives the blood that has left the body as menstruation, which for unknown reasons began outside the scheduled time. Units who carefully monitor their own health go to the doctor.
2. Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage on early term pregnancy - up to 22 weeks, when the weight of the embryo does not reach 0.4 kg.
3. preterm birth when the pregnancy ended at 22-37 weeks. If delivered on time health care, efforts have been made to ensure the life of the child, the baby in most cases can be saved. In medicine, an early born is called premature.

After the birth of the child, they are connected to life-supporting equipment, which helps him adapt to new conditions.

What is a miscarriage - an overview of options

A miscarriage that occurs is complete when all parts of the embryo come out of the uterine cavity along with the membranes and amniotic fluid. In the event that parts of the fetus remain in the uterus, they speak of an incomplete miscarriage, which occurs more often in early stages pregnancy. To neutralize the negative consequences, to prevent the development of an infectious process in the tissues, the product of conception is evacuated from the uterine cavity by the methods of medical interruption, gynecological curettage, and vacuum aspiration. The therapy may include the use medicines aimed at contracting the uterus and pushing the contents out. Ultrasound examination is considered to be the control method of diagnostics. Negative consequences entail a miscarriage during the first pregnancy. After the event, conception is possible after a thorough examination and treatment.

The most dangerous for spontaneous miscarriage is the first month of pregnancy. Doctors distinguish the so-called critical periods of development, in which the embryo (fetus) is especially exposed to harmful factors:

• 2-3 weeks from conception;
• 8-12 weeks;
• 18-22 weeks;
• 28-32 weeks.

During this period, most of the accidents associated with the loss of a child occur. Therefore, the expectant mother should be extra careful.

Why does the body reject the embryo

When a woman's body is born new life, the causes of miscarriage often lie in the presence of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Therefore, it is highly undesirable to correct the pathological condition before 12 weeks. Among the factors provoking rejection of embryos are:

• hereditary factor and genetic failure at the stage of fertilization of the egg by the sperm. A non-viable fetus appears as a result of the action of various risk factors - the environmental situation, occupational hazards, and a viral disease of the parents. It is impossible to neutralize these factors. The only way out of the situation is to reduce the likelihood of their manifestation by protecting the mother from dangers during the gestation period. If a defect incompatible with life develops in the child's body, the embryo does not undergo natural selection. The body performs a spontaneous abortion, getting rid of a non-viable fetus;
• Hormonal imbalance caused by disruption of the endocrine system. The situation can be affected by an insufficient amount of progesterone in the mother's body or an excess of testosterone. Early failure detection hormonal system a woman undergoes specially organized therapy before pregnancy, which eliminates the possibility of a miscarriage;
• The presence of tumors, neoplasms in the pelvic organs;
• Isthmic-cervical insufficiency(ICN), when the isthmus and cervix open prematurely, unable to cope with the increasing pressure caused by the fetus growing in the body;
• There is a risk of miscarriage in the presence of anomalies in the work of the cardiovascular, renal systems;
• Drug addiction, alcohol addiction, substance abuse of mother and father;
• Depressive states, stress, nervous stress of a pregnant woman;
• Mechanical loads, impacts, bruises, excessive physical labor of the future woman in labor;
• X-ray examination- Irradiation can cause miscarriage.
• The use of medicines. In the first trimester, the use of potent medicinal formulas is prohibited. Drugs can cause the development of defects in the embryo. Some decoctions of herbs are also contraindicated. These are parsley, tansy, cornflower, nettle, St. John's wort. Self-medication is prohibited. Each drug is agreed with the attending physician.
• Infectious and viral process in the body of a pregnant woman. Any sexually transmitted infection can provoke a miscarriage, which must be treated before pregnancy, otherwise there is a high risk of infection of the fetus in the womb. A great threat of miscarriage in the early stages exists due to viral infections and inflammation of internal organs. A dangerous symptom is the high temperature of the mother, accompanied by intoxication of the body. At the stage of pregnancy planning, it is important to stop chronic diseases, get vaccinated against dangerous infections.
• History of abortion, unsuccessfully performed surgery, unprofessionalism of the doctor and unfortunate circumstances can lead to fetal loss.
• Immunological factors.

The list of causes of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy and in the later period may be more extensive; in each case, doctors identify the pathology individually. Impact of all harmful factors future mother not able to prevent, however, much in her power.

A little about a frozen pregnancy

Having studied what are the symptoms of a miscarriage, recovery time and treatment methods, one cannot ignore the issue of a missed pregnancy. The condition is characterized by the death of an embryo in the womb, often occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy. Among the reasons, similar factors were noted - maternal infections, genetic failure, hormonal imbalance, bad habits, potent drugs, stress.

If, with a spontaneous miscarriage, the clinic is expressed severe pain and blood loss, then a frozen pregnancy is often asymptomatic. There are no pulling and throbbing sensations of pain, no contraction-like urges, no blood is released from the vagina. The uterus may not reject the dead embryo, leaving it inside itself. At the initial stage of pregnancy, the condition is difficult to detect; in the second and third trimester, the mother is alarmed by the prolonged absence of movements in the abdomen. The next visit to the doctor reveals a mismatch in terms of the size of the uterus, the absence of a heartbeat in the mother's womb. Ultrasound makes an accurate diagnosis.

If the fetus is dead, and tissue rejection does not occur, curettage or extraction of the deceased embryo with a vacuum is prescribed. If this is not done, there is a high probability of poisoning by toxic decay products that have entered the bloodstream from the uterus. A thorough examination will help to establish the causes of the anomaly, prescribe effective therapy.

Both spouses should be tested. On the basis of the seized material, a histology of the tissues of the embryo is carried out. Diagnostics of diseases is carried out, adequate treatment of the root causes of fetal loss is prescribed. Comprehensive diagnostics includes microbiological, ultrasound, hormonal, immunological examination.

The existing threat of miscarriage during pregnancy is a reason to carry out therapy in a specialized medical institution if it is established that the pregnancy is progressing. The hospital will provide a calm regime, timely administration of drugs. Hospitalization of a woman with recurrent miscarriage is an adequate response to the risk of fetal loss.

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI)

One of the most common causes of spontaneous miscarriage during pregnancy is ICI - the opening of the cervix and isthmus of the uterus in response to the increasing pressure of the growing fetus. Pre-pregnancy manipulations with the uterus (cervical dilation due to abortion, childbirth or curettage) affect the condition of the muscle ring. Damaged areas are tightened by scar tissue that does not have elasticity, is not amenable to stretching and contraction. ICI also has a functional nature, when there is a hormonal imbalance - the level of testosterone in the blood rises, there is a lack of progesterone.

ICI occurs in the period from 11 to 27 weeks after conception, when the embryo begins to produce androgens in the mother's body with the launch of the adrenal glands. Taking into account the mother's hormones, their indicator may be exceeded - this softens the cervix, opens it, shortens it. Harmful bacteria and microorganisms penetrate into the formed channel, infecting the fetal egg. The initial stages of ICI do not have obvious symptoms, since they do not entail the tone of the uterine muscles. With loss of shell strength amniotic fluid pour out. Pain during miscarriage is absent.

If a woman has experienced a spontaneous termination of pregnancy, which began with the outflow of amniotic fluid, when monitoring a subsequent pregnancy, she should indicate this fact to the doctor.

Treatment of isthmic-cervical insufficiency

Endocrine disorders, leading to an increase in testosterone, are corrected by the appointment of hormonal drugs. An assessment of the condition of the uterus is done by a doctor a couple of weeks after the start of taking medications. Positive dynamics is said when the opening is suspended and no further expansion of the neck is observed. If therapy does not give the planned effect, surgical intervention is prescribed. Similar measures are used for the traumatic nature of cervical deformity. You should not be afraid of the operation, the doctor acts delicately, without causing additional injuries to the patient, without causing discomfort to the expectant mother and the baby growing in the womb. Greater efficiency of the procedure is noted in the early stages. Suturing can significantly reduce the risk of infection of the embryo through the lower edge of the cavity.

Surgical intervention is carried out in stationary conditions. Before the operation, the pregnant woman is examined. After the procedure, the vagina is sanitized, for which the area of ​​suturing is treated with antiseptics for 3 days. For this purpose, chlorhexidine and furacillin are used. Then every week the patient needs to undergo a follow-up examination by the attending physician, where he assesses the situation, making adjustments to the therapeutic protocol if necessary. The stitches are removed at 38 weeks of gestation. During this time, the cervix matures, preparing the birth canal for the passage of the fetus. Many women in labor worry that stitches will require a caesarean section. This is not true. In most cases, women give birth on their own.

Emergency action is recommended if the fetal bladder prolapses into the cervix from 16 to 24 weeks. The operation of suturing the cervix obliges the woman to observe bed rest, strictly follow the daily routine, avoid physical exertion, and do not skip taking medications. In rare cases, complications occur after suturing. Among them, the cutting of sutures through the tissues, provoked by the frequent tension of the muscles of the uterus. To prevent tone, tocolytics are prescribed. The expectant mother should be prepared to conduct intensive examinations, taking smears to check the vagina. This is due to the likelihood of accumulation of pathological microflora on the threads of the seams.

It is also important to conduct psychological therapy, where a woman is taught the techniques of self-soothing, relaxation. The behavior of the mother is a decisive factor in the successful bearing of the fetus with complications. Panic and fuss create an unfavorable prognosis in stabilizing the situation. Careful health monitoring is carried out in a newborn baby to eliminate the risk of infection in the womb. If a spontaneous abortion has occurred for reasons of ICI, when can you get pregnant after a miscarriage, the doctor will say. Ideally, the period should be at least two years. The doctor must take measures to prevent a repeated situation of losing a child.

Now, in addition to the suture, ICI correction is also carried out with the help of an obstetric pessary. Alternative method is the imposition of a special ring of hypoallergenic materials on the cervix. Silicone is the most commonly used. The ring creates additional support, preventing the opening of the neck.

Uterine hypertonicity - risk prevention

Uterine contractions until natural childbirth called organ hypertonicity. The condition is not an independent disease, it signals a malfunction in the body of the expectant mother, often manifests itself in the early stages of pregnancy. The causes of the pathological phenomenon are:

• Violations hormonal background caused by insufficient function of the placenta, ovaries, impaired activity of the adrenal glands, causing imbalance.
• Genital infantilism, defects of the body;
• Neoplasms, tumors in the uterus, not necessarily of a malignant nature (myoma);
• Transferred during pregnancy infectious processes, viral diseases;
• ICI - cervical dilatation under increasing pressure created by the growing embryo;
• Immunological trouble;
• Chronic diseases of the body(cardiovascular disorders, renal failure);
• Previous spontaneous miscarriages at an early stage, the symptoms of which may recur, artificially induced abortions.

In addition to physiological reasons, psychological factors are of no small importance. A woman who is in a depressed state can provoke uterine hypertonicity.

A woman can feel the tension of the muscles of the uterus herself, without the help of a specialist. This is evidenced by the heaviness that appeared in the lower abdomen, pulling pains in the lumbar region. Symptoms are similar to painful menstruation. Arising in the first trimester, the condition provokes spontaneous abortion, missed pregnancy, death of the fetal egg. In the subsequent period, premature birth is likely due to uterine hypertonicity.

Why does the tension of the walls of the uterus cause terrible consequences? The point is the disturbed blood supply to the placental tissues, the occurrence of hypoxia of the embryo, and the slowing down of the development of the developing child. Following the contraction of the muscles of the uterus, there is no contraction of the placenta. This causes its detachment, provoking the release of the fetal bladder.

Uterine hypertonicity is detected during a scheduled visit to a specialist. Stabilization of the situation requires the appointment of sedative drugs and antispasmodics. A strengthening effect is provided by therapy with the inclusion of vitamin B6, magnesium. In most cases, the measures taken are sufficient to neutralize the risks. Self-medication is strictly prohibited. This can cause irreversible consequences. With hypertension, the main rule for a pregnant woman is calmness and lack of physical activity. Some moms who have had a successful birth say they “didn't get up” the whole pregnancy. This is true, but the result is worth the sacrifices spent on it. With hypertonicity, sexual contacts and sexual life are excluded.

If the threat cannot be neutralized, hospitalization of the pregnant woman in a hospital setting is recommended. It is especially dangerous when severe cramping pain is complemented by spotting. To lie down "for preservation" is an adequate measure in the struggle for the birth of a healthy and strong baby. In the hospital walls, a pregnant woman is prescribed a vaginal examination, ultrasound. On the computer monitor, when scanning the fetal bladder and uterus, the doctor determines their condition with a high degree of accuracy. If it is needed, future mommy goes to assess the level of hormones, passes urine and blood tests, is examined for the presence of STIs.

At the onset of labor activity before 34 weeks, they try to stabilize the condition with tocolytics. The most dangerous period is from 25 to 28 weeks, the woman is recommended the maximum possible bed rest. After that, the fetus has every chance of survival. In order for the pulmonary system of the embryo to form faster, allowing it to survive under early appearance into the world, hormones are prescribed. Having an unfavorable prognosis for miscarriage and the threat of miscarriage, it is necessary to prevent this situation at the stage of conception planning.

Stages of spontaneous abortion

There are certain signs of a miscarriage that attract attention and divide the course of a miscarriage into specific stages:

• Threat - having noticed factors threatening pregnancy, measures can be taken to restore the situation, normalize the mother's well-being.
• The beginning of an abortion - adequate therapy can work wonders. At this stage, the doctor can apply life-saving manipulations and give recommendations to a pregnant woman who plans to become a mother.
• A miscarriage is in progress - the condition is irreversible, it is impossible to stop the pathology. The death of the fetal egg begins, leaving the uterine cavity.
• completed abortion- the uterus gets rid of the residual tissues of the embryo, cleanses, restores its original parameters. It is important to prevent the remnants of foreign fibers inside, otherwise the organ becomes infected with decaying residues, toxins go into the bloodstream.

An effective diagnostic method is an ultrasound examination of the uterus and pelvic organs.

Miscarriage symptoms - how not to miss the threat

If there is a threat of miscarriage in the early stages, then the following symptoms may occur:

• Pullers appear, incessant pain in the lower abdomen. The pain may be monotonous or come in waves.
• Opens sluggish bleeding, the signs of which are reduced to spotting brownish color. Bright scarlet blood can stand out, it is often confused with menstruation.
• Tone of the uterus.

A woman who does not know how a miscarriage occurs in the early stages should listen to her inner state. Should be alert:

• spasmodic pain impulses;
• drawing pain in the lumbar region.

In the later stages, the above symptoms are added:

• liquid discharge from the vagina, which may signal damage to the amniotic sac;
• pain when urinating;
• internal bleeding, which worsens general condition, fainting, dizziness, pallor of the skin
• These conditions are indications for emergency hospitalization of a pregnant woman.

The stage of the onset of an abortion is characterized by more pronounced symptoms of a miscarriage - contraction-like pain, severe dizziness, and loss of strength. Instead of smearing discharges, clot-like ones appear, abundantly manifested during movement. At this point, in some cases, it is possible to save the pregnancy if the area of ​​detachment of the fetal egg is small, the pregnancy progresses, the fetal heartbeat is determined.

The third stage is useless for saving the fetus. There is girdle pain in the lower back and abdomen. Together with abundant blood loss, a fetal egg comes out of the uterus. Incomplete miscarriage requires curettage of the uterine cavity if parts of the embryo or membranes of the fetal egg remain in the cavity, otherwise there is a high risk of developing complications that will endanger the life of the mother.

In an early miscarriage, the symptoms are similar in many respects to a late abortion - pain and bleeding. The intensity and duration of symptoms may vary. The fetal egg going through the birth canal damages the small vascular network by damaging tissues. This causes bleeding. Normally, the blood will stop being released after a spontaneous miscarriage after a few days. A period exceeding these indicators confirms the infection of the uterus, the preservation of the remains of the embryo in the cavity. The therapy is based on drug treatment, surgical intervention.

After a spontaneous miscarriage, complications and serious health consequences are likely. These are rare cases, in the majority of situations the body independently copes with what happened, expels the parts remaining in the uterine cavity by natural contraction of the muscles. An early spontaneous miscarriage does not always occur; a dangerous condition can wait in the later stages. Some women try to provoke the release of the fetus, decoctions of herbs and medications. This is fraught with complications, including sepsis, dysfunction of the reproductive organs, after which pregnancy in the subsequent period becomes impossible.

Diagnostic methods

If there is a threat of miscarriage at an early date, the doctor will help determine the symptoms during a visit antenatal clinic. The specialist will check the size of the uterus, determine the tone of its muscles, the condition of the cervix, and examine the discharge from the genital organs. A reliable method to identify the existing threat is transvaginal ultrasound diagnostics. The doctor draws attention to segmental muscle contractions of the uterus, detachment of the fetal egg. Analyze probable causes miscarriage pregnancy will help genetic testing. The patient's history is carefully collected, Clinical signs spontaneous abortions

Medical therapy

In order to maintain pregnancy, any methods are good. A qualified doctor develops an individual treatment protocol based on the available diagnostic data. Among the drugs used:

• sedatives;
• restorative therapy;
• drugs that stabilize the hormonal background;
• antispasmodics that reduce the tone of the uterus;
• vitamin and mineral supplements.

The specialist eliminates the threat of miscarriage in the early stages, tells how to prevent a woman who has lost a child from relapse. In the later stages, the cervix is ​​fixed with a special suturing (usually in the period of 16-25 weeks, if there is an ICI).

On an unsuccessful attempt to stop spontaneous abortion The following treatment strategies are used:

• Waiting - an organism that has independently freed itself from an embryo does not require specialized treatment.
• Medical therapy- the patient is discharged medical preparations that complete the removal of foreign tissues from the body. By causing severe spasms of the muscular walls of the uterus, the tablets provoke the expulsion of residues from the cavity.
• Surgery - is used for complications or inconvenient for the independent exit of the fetus, the bend of the uterus.

The control conclusion is made by the doctor after the ultrasound.

Surgery (curettage)

Having diagnosed the symptoms of a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy, and faced with the need for curettage, a woman worries about the condition reproductive system. It is not worth doing this, the operation takes place in a gentle mode, with maximum delicacy in relation to the patient's childbearing ability. Curettage is performed when there is a risk of incomplete exit of the embryo from the uterine cavity and the development of infection in the pelvic organs due to the elements remaining in it. Ignoring the procedure can lead to blood poisoning and the formation of a pathology that prevents re-conception.

The specialist conducts an examination, fills out the patient's health card, sends the woman for an enema. Before the operation, hair removal from the pubic surface is mandatory. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the anesthesiologist selects the drug for pain relief. The doctor expands the cervix, cleans the internal cavity with a curette, freeing it from the remnants of the fetal egg. The uterus is scraped from the inside, which prevents the development of infection. However, vacuum aspiration is more commonly performed, as it is a more gentle method of removing debris from the uterus.

After a miscarriage, the materials obtained during scraping are sent for histological analysis. The rules recommended by the doctor should be strictly observed. A woman will be able to resume sexual activity no earlier than 1.5-2 months after the procedure. During this period, damaged tissues will be restored. By this time, menstruation will resume, it will be possible to use the usual methods of contraception.

Scraping - what and why

Cleaning is carried out after an early miscarriage in most cases in order to prevent the development of infection in the uterine cavity from the remaining tissues of the deceased fetus. It is pointless to be afraid of the negative consequences of cleaning. Gynecological curettage is a procedure for removing the upper layer of the inner cavity of the uterus. After removing the excess, the endometrium begins a natural recovery, returning the ability to function normally. To facilitate access to the cavity after local anesthesia, the neck expands. This is facilitated by special medicinal formulas or medical instruments. Gynecological cleaning is carried out in diagnostic and medicinal purposes for different indications:

• after childbirth;
• with a frozen pregnancy, miscarriages;
• with failures of the menstrual cycle;
• for accurate diagnosis of gynecological disorders.

The complex application of the method with hysteroscopy allows you to carefully examine the internal contents of the uterus in order to prevent poorly cleaned areas on the mucous membrane. The essence of the technology makes it similar to abortion, but the purpose of the procedures varies significantly.

Preparing for a gynecological cleaning

Scraping is recommended a few days before the onset of menstruation. In this case, blood loss decreases and a favorable prognosis is given for rapid tissue recovery. The operation requires a preliminary examination, testing. This:

• a study on the ability of blood clotting;
• smear for examination of the bacteriological environment;
• analysis for STIs.

Before curettage, you stop taking any medications, dietary supplements that have not been discussed with a specialist. Even plant components that can affect blood clotting and provoke blood loss during surgery can be dangerous. It is important that your healthcare provider is aware of the medications you are taking so that they know what risks may arise. The rules for preparing for the procedure are simple:

• 3 days before the operation, refuse sexual contact;
• eliminate the use of funds intimate hygiene(gels, creams, ointments, liquids), suppositories, tablets and vaginal sprays;
• do not douche;
• 10 hours before surgery, do not eat or drink. This is necessary for high-quality anesthesia, which allows the patient not to feel discomfort.

Carrying out cleaning

Curettage is carried out in a hospital, the woman is placed on the gynecological chair of the operating room. The doctor removes the upper layer of the mucous lining the uterine cavity from the inside. The exclusion of pain involves anesthesia. If there were signs of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy or at a later period, after which it spontaneously terminated, the dilated cervix allows for curettage without anesthesia. For anesthesia, intravenous administration of the drug is used, selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body. A few seconds after the injection, the woman falls into a shallow sleep, the discomfort disappears, which makes the doctor's actions painless.

The dilator inserted into the cervix straightens the walls of the organ, facilitating access to the internal cavity. Holding the neck, the specialist inserts a rounded probe with a small diameter, after which he replaces it with a more voluminous analogue. A special video camera attached to the end of the probe allows for hysteroscopy - examination of the cavity before curettage. Cleaning is carried out with a curette, shaped like a small spoon on a long handle. Carefully collected tissues are stored in a specialized sterile tube, which is later sent to the laboratory for histological examination.

The procedure rarely goes beyond one hour, usually the doctor takes 20 minutes. Together with the uterine cavity, the cervical canal is cleaned. Manipulations are called RDV - separate diagnostic curettage. Collected samples are placed separately. Histology is used to identify the structure of tissues in order to exclude the presence of atypical cells in them, indicating cancerous lesions, precancerous conditions. The study is carried out within two weeks, after receiving the results, the woman revisits the gynecologist for a follow-up examination.

Curettage is often carried out for diagnostic purposes to clarify the symptoms of pathological conditions in the organs of the reproductive system. It can be:

• menstruation with an irregular cycle;
• bulky discharge and painful menstruation;
• bleeding during menopause;
• difficulties in conception in the absence of visible causes of pathology;
• suggestion of developing uterine cancer.

A gynecological cleaning is carried out in order to obtain materials for histological analysis.

Curettage after miscarriage - possible complications

Complications can arise, as after any surgical intervention. A serious consequence is the discovery uterine bleeding due to insufficient blood clotting. In order to prevent oxytocin is used - injections stimulate the cessation of abnormal blood flow. Oxytocin will help if the bleeding is due to the uterus not contracting well. In violation of coagulability, it is not effective.

Another complication is hematometra, when blood clots accumulate in the uterine cavity, which can cause the development of an inflammatory process in the tissues. The spasm of the cervix contributes to the hematometer, which prevents the blood from coming out, which occurred immediately after the cleaning. Experts recommend the use of antispasmodics that relax the muscles of the body, contributing to the normal outflow of blood. A woman should be alerted by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, a sharp cessation of discharge.

After cleaning, endometritis may occur when inflammation affects the uterine mucosa. An adequate measure of therapy for a dangerous diagnosis is a course of antibiotics. Pain in the abdomen and a sharp increase in body temperature speak of a pathological condition. Any dangerous change in condition should be reported to the doctor immediately. In this case, countermeasures will be taken in a timely manner, which will eliminate the risks of developing more formidable complications.

How to behave after a miscarriage

A miscarriage that has occurred requires the failed parents to follow a certain tactic of behavior. Among the measures recommended by doctors:

1. It is advisable to postpone a new pregnancy attempt for 3-6 months. Otherwise, the risk of repeating the undesirable development of events is high. If pregnancy occurs before the expiration date, you should not panic. The main thing is the supervision of a specialist. Then there is a chance to give birth safely.
2. If you are waiting for the term, consult about the method of effective contraception.
3. Follow the recommendations given by your doctor. Having understood what threats of miscarriage exist, it is easier to neutralize them.
4. Pass recommended examinations necessary tests. Possible studies for both parents are the detection of infections of the reproductive system, hormones in the blood, hemostasis, and immune status. Identified failures are subject to mandatory correction.

Consult what effect the drugs taken will have on the fetus if you become pregnant during therapy. Find out after what period of time you can fearlessly try to conceive a child. In most situations, in addition to the therapeutic course, it is necessary to change the usual way of life - daily routine, nutrition, habits.

The psychological state of a woman during the recovery period

Spontaneous abortion is a severe stress for a woman. Faced with this situation, many lose the meaning of life, they are afraid to plan a new pregnancy after a miscarriage, fearing a repetition of what happened. The condition of a woman during this period is unstable, emotions are negative and unstable. Often, a failed mother begins to bully herself with negative thoughts, revel in contemplating other people's children on the street, communicating with bereaved mothers on forums, visiting children's stores and looking at small things in windows. A likely tactic of behavior is blaming yourself for what happened. Against the backdrop of such thoughts, families are destroyed, divorces occur.

Psychologists advise to show perseverance, endurance, purposefulness. For this you need:

Over time, negative thoughts will fade into the background, a desire for a fulfilling life will appear. A new pregnancy will not scare and disturb.

How to detect genetic pathologies during repeated pregnancy

If there was a miscarriage of the first pregnancy due to a genetic factor, it is especially scary to decide on a second one. You should not be afraid of this, with a well-designed therapy, the chances of success are more than great. Diagnostic procedures today are highly accurate and allow you to identify pathology in the early stages. Among the deviations are Edwards syndrome, Down syndrome, Patau and other pathologies. A mandatory examination is recommended for women with repeated miscarriages, as well as:

• over 35 years old;
• having changes detected during screening;
• with markers of chromosomal pathologies and malformations of the embryo;
• with previously born children with chromosome anomalies.

Ultrasound diagnostics is able to detect malformations in 80-85% of cases. However, the technology is not impeccably reliable, as it misses pathologies in 20% of situations. Biochemical screening, invasive examinations have valid data. The last version of the study allows you to identify up to 99% of anomalies. No less popular is the high-precision PANORAMA test for determining DNA pathologies.

When planning a new pregnancy, you should definitely visit a geneticist. Screening diagnostics for the detection of abnormal genes will help eliminate risks possible pathologies, a factor of heredity and genetic failure at conception. Sometimes the threat of miscarriage in the early stages exists in almost healthy carriers. The examination will allow you to find out about the anomaly in advance and undergo adequate treatment of a possible pathology.

Planning for a new pregnancy

The medical community is unanimous on the issue of planning a new pregnancy after a spontaneous abortion has occurred. Conception is not recommended for at least 3-6 months after the accident. During this period, the woman's body will recover and gain strength to bear the fetus. Observation by a doctor, harmonization of hormonal levels, examination of parents to identify possible pathologies is important. In order not to become pregnant after a miscarriage in the first months, it is recommended to use contraceptive methods recommended by your doctor.

Examination after a miscarriage includes blood and urine tests, a study of the microflora of the vagina with a smear, the identification of overt and latent genital infections, an analysis of glucose and hormones, and an examination of the biological compatibility of partners. Planning is an important step towards having a healthy baby. After the studies, the woman is prescribed strengthening therapy. It is important to completely reconsider eating habits, to exclude factors that are harmful to well-being. Vitamins, folic acid are used. Fast foods containing carcinogens and preservatives are excluded from the diet. Subject to the rules recommended by the doctor, a successful pregnancy with a favorable outcome is likely.

It is not uncommon for situations in which, after a miscarriage, a pregnancy test shows two strips. This is due to the restructuring of the body, the organs of the reproductive system. It is important to report the incident to your doctor. The presence of remnants of embryonic tissue in the uterus can provoke a positive test result. In this case, immediate curettage is necessary, which neutralizes the risk of inflammation and infection. To accurately determine her condition, a woman needs to go through ultrasound diagnostics, take tests to determine hCG in the blood.

The question of whether it is possible to get pregnant after a miscarriage worries many parents. The answer is unequivocal - yes, if you follow the recommendations of experts, carefully plan a new conception, monitor your well-being and state of your health.

Components of success after a miscarriage

The state of health of the patient does not always lead to a miscarriage; in many respects, non-compliance becomes a threat simple rules. To reduce the risk of losing a child during pregnancy, you must:

1. keep calm- It is important for a mother to exclude from her life all the factors that make her nervous. Irritation is not the best way to normalize the condition. In order to stabilize the emotional background, rest is recommended, the use of soothing teas with the permission of the doctor. Good results give herbal teas from chamomile, lemon balm, mint.
2. Avoid taking unnecessary medications and drugs. Self-cessation of the therapy prescribed by the doctor is unacceptable. Each step must be discussed with the gynecologist.
3. Eliminate harmful professional factors. Working in the chemical industry and other hazardous facilities can create an undesirable background in the body, which prevents the normal bearing of a child. It is important to understand what is of great value to the mother - the birth of a healthy baby or a career factor. Many women refuse to work in hazardous conditions in order to increase the chance of having a baby.
4. Eliminate bad habits. It is unacceptable for a mother who has experienced miscarriage to practice bad habits in ordinary life- drink alcoholic beverages, smoke. It is forbidden for the father to do this. Harmfulness negatively affects the quality of spermatozoa, which provokes difficulties with conception and risks of deviations in the development of the embryo.
5. Accept vitamin complexes specially designed to prepare the body for pregnancy, the formation of basic conditions for its favorable course.
6. healthy eating. A complete, balanced diet works wonders. With a lack of weight, a nutritionist will develop an adequate diet for a woman with the inclusion of a large amount of protein foods rich in vitamins and trace elements of vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Fatty foods are allowed when it comes to the “right” fat found in fish, seeds, nuts, avocados, and olives.
7. Get rid of extra pounds. Obesity adversely affects the development of pregnancy. Science has proven that enhanced nutrition during pregnancy, consisting of a plentiful meal, is not required. The main thing is its balance.

Important psychological readiness to conception and observation by a gynecologist until a successful birth. Science knows the facts happy pregnancy even after multiple failed attempts.

Repeated pregnancy makes a woman worry about every little thing. Fears scare, tune in to a negative wave. It is important to suppress the pathological state of the psyche in oneself - emotional background passed on to the baby. Try to treat pregnancy as a miracle granted by heaven. Prepare yourself for childbirth physically, with the permission of the doctor, attend trainings and seminars for pregnant women, courses for expectant parents.

It happens that a woman, having become pregnant again, does not want to share her experiences with loved ones. Doing this is not worth it. At work, upon confirmation of conception, provide the employer with a certificate of the need to transfer to light labor. Perhaps the gynecologist will completely protect you from visiting the workplace by writing out a sick leave.

infections during pregnancy

Infectious processes transferred before pregnancy develop immunity in the mother to similar agents of influence. Primary infection poses a great threat, so vaccination will not be superfluous when planning conception. Perinatal diagnosis makes it possible to detect an infectious process at an early stage and prevent its harmful effects. This is possible if a pregnant woman is registered from an early date.

Infection of a pregnant woman can develop due to an infection transmitted by airborne droplets. This is the most dangerous species, since it is almost impossible to prevent it. This applies to mumps, measles, rubella. HIV and hepatitis infect the body through sexual contact, similar to chlamydia. Listeriosis is transmitted with poor-quality products. A pregnant woman can pass infections to a developing baby. This pathology is determined by profile tests of latent infection.

Planned monitoring of the development of pregnancy involves regular testing. Sexual infections are determined using a smear, ultrasound shows deviations in the development of the baby, and KGT is aimed at listening to the work of the fetal heart muscle. If there is a suspicion of a serious infection of the embryo, blood sampling from the umbilical cord and amniotic fluid analysis are practiced.

Infection of the child also depends on concomitant factors. The speed of diagnosis, the literacy of the treatment, the type of pathogen, the duration of the pregnancy are taken into account. special attention deserve the following infectious processes:

1. Viral etiology - a huge number of viruses creates a danger to a pregnant woman. It is enough for a virus to capture one cell to start pathological process. The carrier carries the infection, spreading it to internal organs, fabrics. The threat is genital herpes, rubella, infectious type erythema, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, chickenpox.
2. Attention should be paid to bacterial infections detected during the analysis of biological materials (feces, urine, blood), examination of individual organs of the body. Active reproduction provokes a rapid growth in the number of bacteria in the vagina. Not all microorganisms pose a threat to the child. Antibiotic therapy is used to destroy harmful microflora. Dangerous candidiasis, streptococcus, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, cystitis.

The course of pregnancy is threatened by intestinal infections, often activated in the summer. Carriers of infection can be animals that are poorly treated before eating food. Of particular danger are listeriosis, salmonellosis, toxoplasmosis.

Prevention of infections during pregnancy

Infection of the mother provokes a threat to the life of the fetus. From 3 to 12 weeks, the infected organism responds with a miscarriage or the formation of malformations in the child. From 11 to 28 - developmental delay. At a later date, it deforms already formed organs and creates conditions for premature birth. In order to prevent intrauterine infection, it is recommended to apply a number of rules:

• Examine the mother for the detection of STIs.
• examine the blood, to determine the presence of antibodies to carriers of infection, pathogens.
• avoid contact with sick people, visits to crowded places where there is a possibility of infection by airborne droplets.
• conduct a pet survey for the presence of dangerous infections, if necessary, treat or remove them from the house until the threat is eliminated.
• exclude fast food from the diet, shop semi-finished products, subject meat, fish to thorough heat treatment.
• remove exotic foods from the diet- sushi and other culinary delights purchased in restaurants, cafes.
• wash hands thoroughly, fruits, vegetables with special disinfectants that are not capable of harming a pregnant woman and a child.
• scheduled to visit a gynecologist, undergo examinations recommended by the doctor, take tests, take vitamins.
• register at the first sign of pregnancy to be under medical supervision.
• when planning a pregnancy prepare for conception, cure infections, vaccinate.

It is important for the father of the child to comply with most of the recommended rules. If treatment will pass only the mother is likely to relapse during sexual intercourse, neutralizing the beneficial effect of therapy.

A woman who has had a miscarriage in the past should be alarmed by any deviations from the norm in well-being. It is important to pay attention to ailments, pain, weakness, dizziness. Accounting for an early consultation will create conditions for the bearing of the fetus and the birth of a child. There is no need to be afraid that a miscarriage will forever deprive the joy of motherhood.

After completing a course of examinations, passing tests and following the measures prescribed by the doctor to treat imbalances in the body, you will create all the conditions for a favorable outcome of pregnancy. Tune in to the positive, protect yourself from worries, worries, stress. Feel the support of loved ones, hope for the best. Get advice from good specialists to rule out any unfavorable prognosis before conception or take steps to neutralize them. Health and prosperity to you, your families and loved ones!