Harbingers of a miscarriage. Treatment of threatened miscarriage in the early stages. Causes of spontaneous abortion

Medical statistics indicate that in Lately there are frequent cases of threatened abortion in the early stages, so each future mother you need to know its symptoms, as well as what are its causes that can provoke a miscarriage. A miscarriage is a spontaneous abortion that occurs during the first 22 weeks of gestation. If the interruption occurred after this critical period, then doctors do not diagnose miscarriage, but childbirth that occurred before the appointed time (in the fifth month and later).

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage in the early stages

According to doctors, in 20% of conceptions, an involuntary abortion occurs, which sometimes many women do not even notice, believing that the appearance of bleeding signals that menstruation has begun.

In accordance with these data, several types of abortion are distinguished.:

• Incomplete / complete abortion;
• Threatened abortion;
• Non-developing pregnancy;
• Initiated abortion.

These processes differ in their dynamics, although such a division can be called superficial, conditional. A complete miscarriage suggests that the uterus rejects not only the fetus, but also the fetal bladder and water. Incomplete abortion is characterized by complete or partial rejection of the fetus, while amniotic membrane remains in the uterus, which requires special surgical intervention.

The abortion that has begun accompanies severe bleeding and pain, over a long period of time.

During this period, the pregnant woman may begin contractions and dilatation of the cervix, that is, one can state a peculiar onset of childbirth. Threatened abortion manifests itself in weak uterine contractions and little bleeding, but in most cases this quickly passes and the pregnancy remains intact. The release of the uterus from a fertilized egg is considered defense mechanism. If this process occurs before the 12th week of the term, then an early miscarriage is diagnosed, if after the 12th week, then a late miscarriage occurs. In the case when the pregnancy stops after 22 weeks, we can talk about premature birth.

The main causes of miscarriage in early pregnancy

It is quite difficult to determine the reasons why a self-abortion occurred at the beginning of the term, since there is a need for a comprehensive examination with the subsequent delivery of all the required tests. Basically, the causes of involuntary abortion are divided into two large groups: medical and socio-biological.

The first group of reasons includes the following factors:

• Heavy physical activity;
• Age;
• Wrong lifestyle;
• Severe stress, anxiety, nervous breakdown;
• Unfavorable living conditions;
• Accidents.

Thus, a miscarriage is provoked as a result of strong stressful experiences of the mother, her smoking, alcoholism or drug addiction, as well as as a result of injury. In addition, the mother's age also has a serious influence on the pregnancy process - the older the woman, the greater the likelihood of abortion, as well as her living conditions (financial situation, ecology, etc.).

TO medical reasons miscarriage can be attributed to a woman's health problems, as well as:

• Serious violations hormonal background;
• Viral and infectious diseases;
• Pathology of the body's immunity;
• Anomalies in the development of the fetus or genetic disorders in a woman.

In addition, one of the reasons for termination of pregnancy can be an arbitrary abortion performed earlier, which can provoke a variety of complications, as well as cause secondary infertility. Medical treatment, self-use of medicinal plants or drugs can lead to a miscarriage. The threat of interruption can also occur in a situation of Rhesus conflict, in such cases the probability of miscarriage is very high.

How does a miscarriage happen?

In the early stages of pregnancy, it is very difficult to differentiate what causes a miscarriage, so most experts believe that it is caused by genetic factors.

The interruption process itself takes place in several stages.:

• Threat of interruption;
• Started miscarriage;
• incomplete abortion;
• Complete abortion.

With a threatened abortion, placental abruption begins, which is accompanied by the appearance of primary symptoms of interruption: spotting and severe pain in the lower abdomen. If a woman manages to notice these signs in time, then the likelihood of maintaining a pregnancy is much higher.

However, if the pregnant woman failed to understand the signals of her body, the placenta exfoliates, which leads to the death of the fetus, that is, the phase of an inevitable abortion begins, which cannot be prevented.

As a result incomplete abortion the placenta completely exfoliates, and the embryo dies, after which the body begins to reject it. And there comes the stage of complete abortion, during which the elimination of the place and the fetus from the uterus and genital tract occurs. Thus, the pregnancy is finally terminated.

Recommendations: how to recognize the signs of a miscarriage in early pregnancy

The whole process of pregnancy, especially in the first or second month, includes several critical periods.

It is during these periods that there is a threat of interruption:

1. Fetal implantation begins at 2-3 weeks of gestation, but if there are scars, injuries or abnormalities in the structure of the uterus, this process is disrupted, resulting in a threat.
2. The most vulnerable embryo becomes at 4-6 weeks, when developmental anomalies can begin to form, preventing it from living and developing further.
3. At 8-12 weeks, the placenta is actively developing, so there is a high risk of pathologies in its structure. And a miscarriage at this stage may be associated with a lack of progesterone in the body of a woman.

Information: what does an early miscarriage look like

It is quite difficult to independently determine that a miscarriage has occurred, since it can only be accurately distinguished as a result of a comprehensive medical examination.

At the same time, you can recognize the signs of a miscarriage in a short time:

• Brownish discharge or bleeding with varying intensity;
• The embryo comes out through the genital tract;
• Pain in the lower abdomen;
• The amniotic fluid has broken;
• Strong convulsive contractions begin;
• The temperature rises sharply and the general health of the pregnant woman worsens.

In the early stages, the symptoms of a miscarriage may appear as a period that appears after a slight delay. If a woman underwent a rapid pregnancy test after her period disappeared and was able to get a positive result, then a miscarriage can be diagnosed with a sudden onset of the menstrual cycle.

The first signs of a miscarriage: treatment and consequences

Conception can occur quite safely, however, soon the fetus may attach to the uterine wall and freeze in development, in which case it can be argued that the pregnancy process is false. To avoid the threat of termination of pregnancy, every woman must do all the necessary procedures (for example, ultrasound), pass all the tests and undergo the required examinations.

As soon as a woman managed to get pregnant, a miscarriage may be suspected, in which case experts give the following recommendations:

• Bed rest and maximum reduction of physical stress on the female body;
• Complete removal of the possibility of experiences, worries, stresses, emotional upheavals, etc.;
• Taking hormonal drugs (as prescribed by a doctor);
• Rejection of bad habits;
• Diet correction.

It is necessary to consult a doctor at the first appearance of negative symptoms, as in the case of threatened miscarriage pregnancy can be saved, but for this you need to accurately determine what the main cause of the threat is. A woman should not make hasty conclusions, since any emotional shock or experience can only aggravate the situation.

At the same time, you need to understand that the absence of any action can lead to negative consequences:

1. The introduction of infection into the female body, in the presence of blood clots and the remains of a dead fetus.
2. The retention of particles of the fetal egg in the uterus, which leads to increased uterine contractions, and, consequently, bleeding, through which the uterus tries to remove a foreign body from the body.
3. Dysfunction of the hormonal background, due to a sharp interruption of the pregnancy process.

Therefore, it is very important to go through the “cleansing” process, during which female body the remains of the fetus, particles of the unformed placenta and blood clots will be removed. When determining the cause of a miscarriage, a pregnant woman undergoes a course of prevention of subsequent pregnancies.

Signs of an early miscarriage (video)

In most cases, the pregnancy process proceeds safely, but sometimes certain difficulties occur in the form of a threat of termination of pregnancy and miscarriage. It is impossible to determine exactly why this happens to certain woman, in a certain situation. Therefore, it is very important for the expectant mother to undergo all the necessary examinations in order to prevent any deviations from the normal course of the pregnancy process.

Threat early miscarriage: causes, timing, symptoms, how to keep a pregnancy

THREATS OF MISSION AT EARLY TERMS

Spontaneous rejection of the fetus during pregnancy called a miscarriage. According to statistics, in recent decades, the number spontaneous miscarriages women increased to 16% of all planned pregnancies . This material details the causes of spontaneous abortion, describes the signs of a threatened miscarriage, how a miscarriage occurs and looks like, as well as the timing of early and late rejection of the fetal egg.

What signs of a threatened miscarriage should I pay attention to first of all during pregnancy?

If a woman is regularly disturbed by weak pulling pain in the lower abdomen and periodically appear smearing highlights of red with an admixture, you should immediately go for an examination to a gynecologist, since similar symptoms can be harbingers of the onset of fetal rejection . The sooner the threat of spontaneous miscarriage is identified and treatment is started, the more the probability of preserving the fetus and carrying the child safely until the end of the gestation period.

Severe bleeding and the like contractions constant pain in the lower abdomen in early pregnancy are symptoms of the rejection of the fetus in the uterus (photo). In this case, prevent risk of spontaneous miscarriage does not seem possible. It is extremely important to call an ambulance as soon as possible in order to promptly stop bleeding and replenish .

WHAT A MISSION LOOKS LIKE

In case of spontaneous miscarriage at 5-7 weeks of pregnancy , will come out of the uterus fertilized egg with grayish red veins the size of a quail egg (see photo below). What does a miscarriage look like at 8- 12 weeks pregnant - if the fetal egg comes out completely with all the shells, then it will be the size of egg, elongated shape, possibly flesh-colored with streaks. On later pregnancy miscarriage, as a rule, comes out with shell fragments.

CAUSES OF EARLY MISSION

- hormonal disorders. If during pregnancy in the female body there is an imbalance hormonal background , then it might happen early fetal rejection . Typically, the cause of a miscarriage is lack of the hormone progesterone in the body of a pregnant woman . If this problem can be detected in time, then the threat of miscarriage can be prevented by treatment with special preparations with progesterone.
Violation thyroid function and adrenal glands can cause early fetal rejection. If the content of male hormones in a woman's body is too high, then they suppress the release of estrogens and the same progesterone. Androgens often cause 2 miscarriages in a row or more (recurring).

- genetic abnormalities in the developing fetus. Reduce the risk of miscarriage in this case, it is extremely difficult, since the mechanism of natural selection is turned on and the woman's body gets rid of the embryo with abnormal deviations in genetic development.

-pathologies of internal organs, infectious diseases.
Often viral hepatitis , rubella And flu are a threat of early miscarriage, especially with a weakened immunity of a pregnant woman . If an infectious disease causes a woman's temperature to rise to 38 C and above, as well as severe intoxication, that is chance of fetal rejection . Before pregnancy planning it is necessary to eliminate all foci of the spread of infection in the body ( pyelonephritis , pneumonia, etc.).

- some healing herbs and medical preparations.
Medicines should be used with extreme caution during pregnancy and only with the permission of your doctor! Some drugs can cause fetal defects and induce a miscarriage. On early term- in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, it is advisable not to use any medicines and public funds. For example, hormonal drugs and analgesics can cause a threatened miscarriage in early pregnancy. Even such common greens in folk methods of treatment as parsley, tansy, St. John's wort are not recommended for use. in the first trimester of pregnancy , especially - at 4-7 weeks .

- Rhesus conflict in a pregnant woman.
Immunological disorders during gestation can provoke early spontaneous miscarriage . If a woman has Rh negative factor blood, and the embryo inherited Rh positive factor from the father, then the female body can identify the fetus as a foreign body and begin to reject it. If reveal Rhesus conflict up to a possible threat of miscarriage , then you can prescribe immunomodulatory therapy using drugs with progesterone.

- stressful situations, emotional instability, severe fright.
Frequent mental stress, unexpected fear, severe grief can cause spontaneous miscarriage (see photo). If you are often stressed or depressed, talk to your doctor about the use of sedatives such as valerian.

- lifting and carrying heavy objects, severe falls with bruises can cause spontaneous abortion. Try to take care of your safety, as you are responsible not only for your health during pregnancy . The threat of early miscarriage is especially high if you neglect your own safety.

- and another common reason in recent decades, capable of causing miscarriage both early and late pregnancy unhealthy image life. If a pregnant woman eats food that is harmful to her body and fetus, drinks a lot of coffee, alcoholic drinks and smokes then chance cause spontaneous miscarriage increases significantly.

HOW DOES A MISSION HAPPEN. SYMPTOMS OF SPONTANEOUS TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY

Miscarriage in early pregnancy - symptoms

Miscarriages that occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy , are called early, and in the period from 12 to 23 weeks of gestation - late miscarriages.

How does an early miscarriage happen?

- How does a complete miscarriage happen?
During spontaneous interruption, the fetus completely leaves the womb, while pain disappears and bleeding stops.

How does an incomplete (inevitable) miscarriage happen?
The fetal membrane bursts and an increase in the lumen appears in the cervix . Uterine hemorrhages begin lower abdominal pain and in the lumbar region.

- How does a recurrent miscarriage occur?
Occurs rarely. Spontaneous interruption occurs 3 or more times.

- How does a miscarriage happen?
Often found during a visit to the gynecologist. When listening to the fetal heartbeat, there is no heart rhythm. The fetus dies, but does not come out with secretions but remains in the uterus

INDIRECT SIGNS OF MISSION IN EARLY PREGNANCY:

If a woman does not know she is pregnant , red highlights can take for normal menstruation.
How to distinguish between menstrual flow from bleeding during an early miscarriage, if there are no obvious signs of spontaneous interruption?

Eat indirect signs miscarriage:

- frequent urges nausea;

Cramps and pulling pains in the lower abdomen;

Noticeable weight loss;

Possible mucus discharge ;

Problems with the digestive system;

Aching pain in the lumbar region.

SIGNS OF THREATS OF MISSION IN LATE PREGNANCY:

- chronically feeling unwell and nausea;

Severe pain in the lower abdomen;

Red and brown discharge ;

Frequent urge to urinate;

Dizziness;

If there is sudden heavy discharge in late pregnancy, the fetus can no longer be saved.

EARLY AND LATE MISSION

Miscarriage 4 to 6 weeks

According to statistics, miscarriage at such an early stage in most cases occurs due to malformations and genetic abnormalities. Often the cause of these pathologies is the use of potent drugs by a woman on the eve of conception.

Miscarriage 6 to 13 weeks

Causes

- Chronic ill health and a weak immune system body of a pregnant woman. A weakened female body is simply not able to withstand the load during the period of bearing a child.

Another common cause of miscarriage during this period of pregnancy is inflammatory processes, provoked by gynecological diseases, curettage after an abortion, flu, tonsillitis.

- the fetal body is rejected by the female body due to the fact that it was not properly fixed in the womb. It can happen due to endocrine disorders .

- Rhesus conflict provokes the production of antibodies that attack the fetus and causes a threat of miscarriage in the early stages;

- hormonal imbalance in the body of a pregnant woman, it can cause an increased tone of the uterus, which leads to a miscarriage (photo), if the balance of hormones is not corrected in the early stages of pregnancy;

During this period of pregnancy, the anatomical features of the structure of the uterus (bend, other defects) do not allow the fetus to develop normally further and may occur miscarriage.

Miscarriage 13 to 22 weeks

The causes of miscarriage in late pregnancy can be immune disorders, anatomical pathologies, endocrine diseases, and infections.

Also, the common causes of late miscarriages include isthmic-cervical insufficiency - a weak cervix opens, as it cannot hold the fetus.

Miscarriage after 22 weeks of pregnancy

The most common cause of miscarriage at this late date is severe damage to the reproductive organs (from bumps, falls). Also spontaneous abortion at a later date, it can cause a woman to perform heavy physical work.

LATE SPONTANEOUS MISSION

According to statistics, the risk of spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the later stages is significantly reduced if the fetus had the opportunity to successfully develop during the first 13 weeks of pregnancy. . Moreover, if the interruption occurs after 22 weeks of bearing a child, then in medical practice this is already considered a premature birth and there are many means for gynecologists in the arsenal of nursing a premature baby.

As a rule, disturbances in the development of the fetus are not the cause of late miscarriage. Causes of late miscarriage include:

- severe stress experienced by a pregnant woman;

Premature exfoliation of the placenta;

Inflammation of the walls of the uterus or placenta ;

Operations on the uterus or vessels can also provoke a miscarriage at a later date.

HOW TO RESTORE HEALTH AFTER A MISSION

Cleaning after a miscarriage and further treatment

In the event that the life and health of a woman after a miscarriage is not in danger, the attending physician suggests allowing the remnants of fetal tissues to come out with secretions on their own within a few days. If the remnants of the fetal membranes and the fetal egg have not come out completely, then a cleaning of the uterus after a miscarriage is prescribed. Cleaning is performed by scraping the uterine cavity (vacuum removal of residues or removal by curettage). Further treatment and the restoration of reproductive functions in a woman after a miscarriage takes place in several directions: the complete elimination of inflammatory processes in the body and detection of latent infections, periodic examination changes in basal temperature And planned ultrasound intrauterine cavity, the imposition of a circular suture on a weak cervix (if necessary: ​​if a woman has already had 2 miscarriages in a row, then a possible reason is weak cervix ), restoring the hormonal background in the body.

Period after miscarriage

Any deviations that occur during the menstrual cycle after a miscarriage should be a reason to seek advice from a gynecologist.

Often after interruption, monthly discharge resume a few weeks later or other pathological conditions are observed menstrual irregularities in a woman - for example, bleeding does not end.
It is possible that in the womb, even after cleaning, there are still particles of the fetal shell. In this case, it is necessary to do an ultrasound scan and, if necessary, repeat scraping. If everything is in order, the doctor prescribes hemostatic drugs that help the uterus contract more actively and recover after scraping.

Pregnancy after a miscarriage

After a miscarriage, be sure to undergo the necessary examinations and pass necessary tests. It is important to accurately identify the cause of spontaneous abortion and completely eliminate it.

You can not rush into a new pregnancy after an early or late miscarriage. A woman must restore the emotional and physical balance in the body. It is advisable to plan a new pregnancy after a miscarriage not earlier than 1 year later. Theoretically, you can get pregnant 2 months after a spontaneous abortion, but each subsequent miscarriage reduces the chances of a woman

According to statistics, early miscarriage occurs in 20% of women. Moreover, most of them do not even have time to understand that something irreparable has happened. Spontaneous abortion, as doctors also call the rejection of the fetus by the female body, occurs for up to 12 weeks for various reasons. The main thing that needs to be done in this case is not to miss the symptoms and consult a doctor in time.

Read in this article

Causes of spontaneous abortion

What causes early miscarriages? Such a question should be of interest even before conception. But the information will be useful to those who have already experienced trouble, and to those who just saw two strips on the test. So, the causes of miscarriage in early pregnancy can be as follows:

• hormonal disruptions (higher risk in women with high testosterone);
• nervous tension, stress;
• constant ;
• previous ;
• genetic abnormalities of the fetus caused by mutations at the gene level;
• immunological abnormalities, the main one among which is;
• , taking narcotic drugs, drinking energy drinks;
• infectious diseases transmitted from a partner;
• careless, rough sexual intercourse;
• falls, injuries;
• weight lifting;
• mother's age of 35 years and older;
• taking drugs prohibited during pregnancy.

To say exactly why a miscarriage occurs in the early stages of a particular couple can only be done by a doctor after a comprehensive examination.

Signs and symptoms of early fetal rejection

In any case, signs of a miscarriage in the early stages should alert the expectant mother. They also include aching pain lower abdomen. The difficulty lies in the fact that it is far from always clear whether regular menstruation has begun or whether there really is a threat of a breakdown. Especially if the woman herself does not know if she is pregnant. If the conception is planned, then the expectant mother should be alerted by strange in consistency or unusual periods. Usually they are brown, with an admixture of bloody spots.

Don't be afraid to see a doctor! In the event that this is indeed a pregnancy, on initial stage everything can be stopped and the pregnancy can be saved. Of course, at profuse bleeding there is no chance to save the fetus.

It is very important to know the indirect first signs of a miscarriage in the early stages in order to at least maintain your health. The following changes will indicate spontaneous abortion:

• weight loss;
• persistent pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, accompanied by spasms;
• disruption of the gastrointestinal tract (, nausea);
• the appearance of secretions of a strange shade.

The symptoms of a miscarriage in early pregnancy are similar to and with others, no less dangerous pathologies. Therefore, it is impossible to postpone a visit to a specialist.

There is an opinion that a couple may have a spontaneous abortion more than once during the entire planning period. This is partly true. Young people can change the situation on their own, simply by being examined and undergoing a course of treatment. Spontaneous early miscarriage, the symptoms of which in the first month are very similar to menstruation, often go unnoticed by a woman. If she already knew about her new position and was expecting a baby, then after cleaning it is recommended to go to rest, change the situation and gain strength. And after that, it will be possible to start planning the conception again and believe that this time everything will definitely be fine!

According to experts, about 20-30% of pregnancies end in miscarriage. Often this happens in the first weeks after conception - before the woman learns about her condition. Since many people blame themselves for the misfortune, it is important to know why early miscarriages occur and how to reduce the risks of spontaneous abortion. Knowing the symptoms of an unfavorable situation will allow you to call a medical team in a timely manner. And the help provided by professionals can change the situation for the better, giving the embryo developing in the body a chance for salvation and further life.

Why miscarriage occurs - causes and consequences

A woman who has experienced a miscarriage should know that what happened does not put an end to the issue of having children for her. “In 80% of cases further pregnancies pass safely and end in childbirth, ”says Henry Lerner, MD, clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Harvard Medical School. In the vast majority of situations, the causes of spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages are unknown and are an isolated case in the gynecological history of a woman. If a spontaneous abortion is repeated for the second and third time, it is extremely important to look for the cause of the pathology in order to find out why a miscarriage occurs and how to protect yourself from it.

For the threat of miscarriage, the reasons can be very diverse. Experts report that in 80% of cases, a miscarriage occurs in up to 12 weeks. At the same time, the most high risk an unfavorable set of circumstances falls on a period of 4 to 6 weeks. Once your baby's beating heart can be seen on an ultrasound, the risk of spontaneous pregnancy drops every day.

Why miscarriage occurs in the early stages, explain the largest clinical institutions in the world. According to media reports:

• Duke University staff in North Carolina, they claim that a random error in the chromosomes is the cause of 70% of miscarriages that occur before 6 weeks of pregnancy.
• Scholars of the School of Medicine on Mount Sinai sure that main reason the threat of miscarriage lies in the age of the mother and father. In women under 35 there is a 25% risk of miscarriage during the first six weeks, and in women after 40 it rises to 42%.
• Mayo Clinic Researchers in Rochester report that up to 55% of miscarriages before 12 weeks of gestation are caused by mutations that form a gestational sac without an embryo.

In the medical literature, researchers identify several of the most common causes of miscarriage:

1. Chromosomal abnormalities. According to scientists, this is the most common cause, causing up to 60% of miscarriages. Chromosomes are the tiny structures in cells that carry genes. Each person has 23 pairs - one set from the mother, the second from the father. Sometimes, when a sperm cell meets an egg, a failure occurs, as a result of which the chromosomes cannot line up as expected by nature, which can lead to a miscarriage, since the embryo in this case has chromosomal abnormalities. Couples who have experienced multiple miscarriages without fail are being tested to identify chromosomal abnormalities that can adversely affect pregnancy. Experts advise women to be patient if one miscarriage occurs. When the situation repeats, laboratory analysis is necessary - chromosomal testing. If chromosomes are not a criterion for why a miscarriage occurs in early pregnancy, doctors begin to look for other causes that can be cured.
2. Anomalies of the uterus. An incorrect or disharmonious structure of the uterus can cause a miscarriage. This is explained by the fact that the embryo either cannot implant in the uterus, or does not receive adequate nutrition to sustain life. This type of anomaly explains up to 10% of situations in which searches are being made for why miscarriage occurs in the early stages and what explains spontaneous abortion. Most often, a septum in the uterus or a weakened cervix that is unable to withstand a growing embryo contributes to an unfavorable course of pregnancy. In the presence of such a pathology, the uterine septum is corrected surgically, a suture is applied to the weakened cervix. And in addition to these factors, a woman after conception is recommended bed rest or hospitalization so that most of the time she is in a calm and relaxed state, contributing to the normal course of pregnancy. If the risk of developing a negative condition is too great, the woman is placed in a hospital, where she is monitored around the clock.
3. Immunological disorders. In the normal course of pregnancy, the embryo is not perceived by the female body as a foreign agent. However, there are situations when a woman's body recognizes a stranger in him, producing specific antibodies that try to destroy him.
4. Causes of early miscarriage lie in such adverse conditions as hypo- and hyperthyroidism and uncontrolled diabetes. Both diseases cause adverse changes in the uterine environment, creating difficulties for the normal functioning of the embryo. If there is a history of these diseases, the woman should change habitual image life and follow the recommendations of doctors to keep your condition under control. As for the state of the thyroid gland, specialized medications are used to normalize the hormonal background.
5. Another explanation Why early miscarriage occurs lies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with this syndrome have high level the male hormone testosterone, which, among other things, causes irregular ovulation and throws off the established schedule menstrual cycle. Polycystic ovary syndrome causes insulin resistance even in women who do not have diabetes. This creates difficulties in the normal maturation of the endometrium. According to medical estimates, in more than 5% of women, this reason explains why a miscarriage occurs and what should be considered when planning the next pregnancy. Oral anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin are used as therapy for the negative condition.
6. Bacterial infections. Why a miscarriage occurs with the appearance of pathogenic bacteria in the body, doctors explain to women even at the stage of pregnancy planning. Many microorganisms live on the male and female genital organs without causing tangible harm by their presence. But some bacteria can cause problems with normal pregnancy and increase the risk of miscarriage. Ideally, it is necessary to undergo an examination before conception in order to cure diseases, since the only way get rid of pathogenic microflora - use antibiotics and other potent agents.
7. In preparation for pregnancy the doctor explains why an early miscarriage occurs if the mother leads an asocial lifestyle or abuses bad habits. Among the factors that negatively affect pregnancy are alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, toxins. We have known about nicotine since childhood, however, over the years, there are no fewer women who smoke. Nicotine crosses the placenta, interfering with the blood supply and development of the fetus. Smokers have twice the risk of miscarriage as non-smokers. Daily use alcohol and drugs also increase the risk of developing an undesirable scenario. It also increases among women employed in industries where there are strong odors- toxins. This dental offices, barbershops and beauty salons, farms, hospital laboratories and other similar places. A woman who does not want to find out after conception why a miscarriage occurs should stop any contact with dangerous factors.

In addition to these factors, risk criteria are age and lack of vitamins in the body. Studies have shown that older women are more likely to experience an early miscarriage, the reasons lie in the deterioration of health, which increases with age, the risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus and genetic defects. There is medical statistics, according to which a young woman at the age of 20-22 has a chance to give birth to a child with developmental disabilities in 1 case out of 800, and after 40 years in 1 case out of 120. Agree, the difference is more than obvious.

As far as vitamins are concerned, it becomes obvious why miscarriage occurs when looking at the situation in detail. Researchers have found that a lack of vitamins D and B increases a woman's risk of miscarriage. But an excess of vitamin A, on the contrary, threatens with complications. It is strictly forbidden to make a decision on the use of vitamin supplements on your own. Recommendations are given by the observing obstetrician gynecologist, who has studied the health of a woman and knows how to build a pregnancy management program.

Also, the causes of the threat of miscarriage in the early stages include dangerous factors the following states:

• Overweight or underweight. Obese women (BMI of 30 or more) have a higher risk of miscarriage. The risk group also includes excessive thin women whose body is difficult to cope with the growing load;
• Large uterine fibroids and other tumors benign neoplasms, often diagnosed in the process gynecological examination women. Of particular danger are large fibroids or tumors showing tissue growth in response to pregnancy hormones;
• Certain drugs can cause a threat of miscarriage in the early stages. Each drug, each remedy and dietary supplement should be discussed with a doctor, since many drugs can provoke the development of life-incompatible defects in the embryo;
• Short time interval between pregnancies. This is not a dogma explaining why a miscarriage occurs in the early stages. But experts believe that getting pregnant again less than six months after a previous successful pregnancy means slightly, but increasing the risk of miscarriage, since the body of a woman who has recently given birth did not rest and did not get the opportunity to restore lost strength.

Whatever it was, but each of the above points is not the ultimate truth. It has been proven that the glass good wine a couple of times during pregnancy will not harm. The medicine agreed with the doctor will not cause it either. However, sometimes it is these factors that, when abused, are decisive in the development pathological condition spontaneous termination of pregnancy.

ICI is a common cause of miscarriage at a later date

One of the reasons explaining why miscarriages happen is ICI - isthmic-cervical insufficiency, when, due to the fault of the cervix and isthmus opening under the pressure of the growing fetus, a spontaneous abortion occurs. The condition is one of the most common causes of miscarriage in the later stages - from 11 to 27 weeks of pregnancy.

The cause of this condition is previous manipulations with the uterus - a history of abortion, childbirth, curettage. These manipulations negatively affect the state of the muscle ring. If scar tissue has formed in areas whose structure was damaged earlier, they become inelastic, incapable of stretching and subsequent contraction.

However, the causes of the manifestation of ICI are not necessarily the physical nature of education. We can also talk about the hormonal basis of the pathology, when, after the rise in testosterone levels and the fall in progesterone levels, an abnormal condition develops in the woman's body, causing a miscarriage.

The first signs of a miscarriage - symptoms and signs

Some bleeding during implantation of the embryo into the uterine lining is normal. During this period, implantation bleeding may develop, as a result of which slight bloody strokes or brownish discharge from the vagina will remain on the linen. According to the American Pregnancy Association, bleeding does not always indicate the first signs of a miscarriage - in 20-30% of all pregnancies, there is some bleeding on the initial stages, and about half of these situations do not prevent a normally developing full-term pregnancy. If the cervix opens during bleeding, this is a dangerous condition during which spontaneous abortion can occur. The following signs of a threatened miscarriage in the early stages should alert:

• Dark brown or bright scarlet blood from the vagina, with convulsions;
• heavy bleeding with or without spasms;
• Bleeding that will contain dense clots and pieces of internal tissues;
• Sudden onset of bleeding with increasing intensity of blood loss.

If these signs of a threatened miscarriage are observed, you should immediately contact your doctor or call an emergency medical team.

An alarming factor is spasms. In connection with the implantation of the embryo, minor convulsions can be observed at an earlier date. This is a kind of reaction of the body to the changes taking place in the body. Normally, spasms are mild and pass quickly. If the following signs of a threatened miscarriage are observed, the situation is out of control:

• Seizure intensity increases, from a moderate nature they become heavy and strong, surpassing the spasmodic pain during menstruation in intensity;
• Pain in the lower abdomen and cramps they begin to move into the lumbar region and give off strong discomfort throughout the body;
• duration of spasms more than 5-10 minutes - a reason to be wary;
• If spasms are accompanied by heavy bleeding- this may be a sign of an incipient miscarriage, you should immediately see a doctor.

According to doctors, fluid or mucus released from the vagina can also be a cause for concern. Light pink mucus interspersed with a harder mass may be placental tissue. If you have warning symptoms, hurry to see a doctor. Other signs of an early miscarriage include:

• Unexplained and uncontrolled weight loss;
• Sudden cessation of pregnancy symptoms (swelling and soreness of the mammary glands, nausea due to strongly pronounced odors, frequent urination, etc. disappear);
• The ultrasound does not show the heartbeat on the computer monitor, the imaging equipment does not give an idea of ​​the developing life in the womb.

Often future mother and she feels that something terrible is happening. Even without knowing how an early miscarriage manifests itself, many women accurately determine the pathological condition.

After 20 weeks, the loss of a pregnancy is called a stillbirth. This pathology accounts for 1 child out of 200 successful children. In general, the causes of late miscarriage remain partly unknown, but the most likely factors for them are:

• High blood pressure;
• Diabetes;
• Smoking;
• Excess weight;
• Multiple pregnancy and more.

These reasons are similar to those that adversely affect the development of the embryo in early pregnancy.

Why miscarriages happen and what to do after a miscarriage

If a woman has had two or more miscarriages, she is advised to undergo an examination to find the cause. About half of the cases remain unanswered to the question of why a miscarriage occurs in early pregnancy, but in the other 50% health problems are found, which in some situations can be corrected by well-designed treatment. Most often this autoimmune diseases(in which the immune system attacks the embryo, destroying it), thyroid problems, uterine deformities, or other causes.

Abusive parents who wonder why they miscarry can be tested for bleeding disorders (some women produce antibodies that attack their own tissues, causing blood clots to clog the mother's blood vessels that feed the placenta).

To examine the uterus, ultrasound, MRI and CT, hysteroscopy are performed, and the embryo itself can be tested for the presence of chromosomal abnormalities to clarify the causes of spontaneous miscarriage. If any of the causes is confirmed, doctors do everything possible to eliminate the problem of miscarriage from a woman's life.

So, to diagnose a pathological condition and when certain symptoms of a miscarriage appear in the early stages, the doctor uses:

• Inspection for signs dilatation of the cervix;
• Ultrasound to check the fetal heartbeat and determining signs of embryo development. If the diagnosis is difficult, it is recommended to undergo a second ultrasound a week after the first one. Ultrasound can also provide information about the presence of ectopic pregnancy when a fertilized egg develops in the fallopian tube. When performing an ultrasound bladder must be complete. A woman is advised to drink plenty of water before visiting an ultrasound room. The method of delivery varies - the doctor can drive the scanning element along the abdomen and use a vaginal probe to insert into the vagina to obtain best quality images fallopian tubes and ovaries.
• Blood tests - are given when there are signs of a threatened miscarriage in the early stages. The attending physician checks the level of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), to compare it with previous measurements. If the nature of the change hCG levels conspicuous is serious occasion alert. At the same time, a decrease in the level of hCG in the blood or a stop of the hormone at the same indicators requires special attention.
• Through blood tests the doctor determines the woman's blood type, if this has not been done before. According to the data obtained, anemia can also be detected - a dangerous condition for a pregnant woman.
• Tissue research secreted from the vagina, confirming a miscarriage in the laboratory;
• Chromosomal tests- in the presence of two or more unsuccessful pregnancies in history, both parents are sent to identify chromosomal pathologies.

It is important to remember that most women who have had a miscarriage go on to have safe pregnancy. According to the American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology, even after four consecutive miscarriages, about 65% of women subsequently give birth to a healthy and strong child carried throughout the entire gestation period. Do not lose sight of the fact that when compiling statistics on why miscarriages occur in early pregnancy, quite a wide segment of the population as a whole is examined. The sample includes women of all ages, with various health problems, and women who did not receive proper prenatal care and qualified assistance when registering with a consultation. A person's risk of having a miscarriage depends on many factors such as age, general health, and previous medical history. It cannot be calculated based on a statistical sample.

Why there may be a miscarriage and what treatment exists

Once the signs of a spontaneous miscarriage have appeared and the miscarriage has begun, there is nothing that can be done to stop it. Any treatment is aimed at preventing severe bleeding and infection. Discuss with your doctor which treatment options are best for you. An individually tailored therapeutic protocol, taking into account the characteristics of a particular patient, will allow safe and effective treatment.

We examined above why miscarriages occur in the early stages, we mentioned the causes of miscarriage in the second trimester, and identified diagnostic procedures to detect a pathological condition. Let's take a closer look at treatment options.

Expectant tactics

Sometimes expectant tactics brings good results. After abnormal changes in the body of a woman, doctors often choose this method. After the first signs of a miscarriage appear in the early stages and the diagnosis is confirmed, it is worth waiting for the tissues to leave the body naturally. This period can take up to three to four weeks. While waiting for the release of tissues, a woman may experience slight bleeding and discharge of bloody fluid from the vagina.

At the time of passage of tissues through the birth canal, bleeding intensifies and becomes more intense, other signs of miscarriage may appear in the early and late stages - cramping spasmodic pain. At this time, it is recommended to use sanitary napkin(it is strictly forbidden to use tampons), and soothe pain symptoms with pain medications such as paracetamol. If happened incomplete miscarriage, and the tissue is not all out of the body, it is necessary to take a wait-and-see approach. But if, with a spontaneous miscarriage, the symptoms contain severe bleeding or signs of a developing infection, you should immediately move on to other therapeutic practices. Most often, the doctor recommends dilatation and curettage. Discuss your options with a specialist to make an informed decision.

What do you need to know?

1. Why miscarriages occur in the early stages in order to minimize the risk of developing an anomaly.
2. There are many reasons why some women prefer to wait and see for themselves after a miscarriage without taking any drastic measures.
3. Many women experience fear and confusion when they find out why an early miscarriage occurs, so bleeding causes them to panic. However, you should not panic at the first appearance of blood on your underwear. You need to call your doctor right away to find out what to do in the future.
4. Usually, waiting after a miscarriage takes longer than any other approach, such as surgical intervention or drug treatment. When implementing this tactic, the first signs of miscarriage in the early stages in the form of bleeding and pulling pains in the lower abdomen can be delayed for up to 4 weeks.
5. For some women, waiting tactics are categorically not suitable, especially when it comes to an infection developing in the body, severe bleeding, or a prolongation of the waiting period.
6. Having survived the signs of a miscarriage in the early stages, and being in the period of waiting for the natural release of tissues alien to the body, a woman experiences a period of emotional burnout and emptiness.

Medical therapy

Drug therapy is available and can significantly accelerate the process of exit of the tissue of the deceased embryo from the body after the termination of pregnancy. When a woman knows what symptoms during a miscarriage indicate an unfavorable set of circumstances, she already knows what the blood clots coming out of the vagina are talking about. If the ultrasound shows that there are tissues left inside, the drugs stimulate their release within a few hours from the moment of administration. Sometimes the period increases, much depends on the drugs themselves and the characteristics of the female body. Medical treatment not suitable if there are signs of infection and heavy bleeding, if symptoms of impending miscarriage are observed for more than 9 weeks. If drug therapy does not give results, and the tissue does not come out, the doctor recommends the use of dilatation and curettage.

What you need to know

1. Tissues come out in the period from 4 to 6 hours after taking the medication recommended by the doctor. During this time, the woman may be in the hospital under the supervision of the attending physician. If the waiting period is prolonged, the specialist gives instructions on monitoring the first symptoms complete miscarriage and sends the patient home for further waiting.
2. After finding out the preliminary reasons why there may be a miscarriage, the drug therapy prescribed by the doctor can also provoke side effects. Tablets to stimulate tissue release can be taken orally or inserted into the vagina. In the first few hours after taking the drugs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and chills may occur.
3. A woman at this stage knows exactly what symptoms should be noted during a miscarriage after taking medication. The doctor tells this in case of development of possible complications. Some bleeding or short-term bleeding after taking medications is considered normal. When the tissue of the dead embryo leaves the body, there is an increase in blood loss with the appearance of clots.
4. Probably increased pain and intensity of spasms. deal with unpleasant sensations Painkillers recommended by your doctor will help. For some women with high sensitivity and low pain threshold, pain relief injections are recommended for faster and more effective results.
5. If drug therapy does not give the expected effect, a surgical method of tissue removal is used.

Surgery

It is important for a woman to get to the bottom of the truth why there is an early miscarriage, but before proceeding to identify the causes, you should take care of your health and eliminate the consequences of a miscarriage. If expectant management and drug therapy have not yielded results, surgery is used to eliminate the tissues of the deceased embryo - a small operation called curettage. It is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia.

The doctor gets access to the tissues through the woman's vagina. The cervix is ​​carefully opened by a specialist, and the tissue remaining after pregnancy is gently removed. The procedure itself takes about 10 minutes, but a woman who has experienced such signs of an early miscarriage as bleeding, dizziness and other discomfort should be under the supervision of a doctor for about 4-5 hours. This time is necessary to restore well-being.

After knowing why the miscarriage happened and deciding on curettage, you may have to wait a few days for the procedure. During this period, the tissues can come out on their own, and then the need for an operation disappears. In general, curettage is carried out in situations where there are such signs of an early miscarriage as severe bleeding and intense pain that cannot be drowned out. Also, the method is applied at the request of the woman herself, if there are no contraindications for its implementation.

What you need to know

The risks of having surgery are very low, but include:

1. Risk of leaving some tissue to be extracted inside the body, in the uterus. This can cause severe blood loss and the need to repeat surgery;
2. The risk of infection in the body;
3. Risk of damage to the cervix or the body of the uterus, which occurs extremely rarely (according to statistics - 1 case per 1000 operations), but, nevertheless, occurs in medical practice. As a result of the careless actions of the surgeon, a small hole or tissue rupture is formed on the uterus, which later heals itself.
4. There are also risks from the wrong choice of anesthesia.. This is a very rare situation, but also encountered in surgical practice.

Waiting for treatment

If you are experiencing signs of a miscarriage such as heavy bleeding with clots and convulsive pain, it is likely that tissues of the deceased embryo are leaving the body. If the bleeding is severe and does not stop for a long time, the help of specialists is needed. You must call the emergency medical team immediately if:

• Signs of miscarriage in the first and second trimester are incessant blood loss, in which a woman changes sanitary pads more than twice an hour;
• Large clots excreted with blood;
• Are you experiencing severe pain in the abdomen and lower back, which does not get smaller with the use of drugs;
• There was a strong fever. Chills, convulsions, fainting;
• An unpleasantly smelling discharge from the vagina appeared, which indicates signs of a developing infectious process.

Pregnancy after a miscarriage

Many parents who have experienced a miscarriage fear that it will happen again in the next pregnancy. However, this is unreasonable; in most cases, pregnancy passes without complications.

The question is why it is impossible to become pregnant after a miscarriage without a period of recovery of physical and emotional health, asks every mother who has lost a child. The answer is obvious - must pass certain period the time when a woman is ready for a new conception. It is important to take into account the mistakes made in the past and prevent them from happening again.

If the physical balance returns to a relative norm within a couple of months after the miscarriage, then the psychological background of the woman who has experienced the loss can be restored for a longer period. Many women, in the hope of finding balance, try to get pregnant immediately after failed attempt, despite the beliefs of physicians to bide time. Knowing what symptoms of an early miscarriage appear and why they happen, women try to minimize the likelihood of a negative event developing. But an organism that is not ready to bear a child, weakened by previous malfunctions in the reproductive system, may again not be able to cope with the situation.

Often a woman develops a depressive state, aggression, resentment towards others, she withdraws into herself, does not want to see anyone and meet with anyone. The best option is to visit experienced psychologist. A specialist can help you deal with heartache, to survive the accomplished event without prejudice to the mental state of the failed woman in labor. A woman must clearly understand that emotional instability- Another reason why you can not get pregnant after a miscarriage without restoring a surge of mental strength.

Sex life after miscarriage

Sex after a miscarriage is a very controversial topic. There is a significant difference of opinion as to whether intimate life safe and what period of abstinence from bodily pleasures is considered optimal. Many women themselves avoid sexual contact due to a difficult psychological state. Recovery from a miscarriage can take anywhere from four weeks to three months. Accordingly, the first contacts are possible not earlier than a month after the incident. If scraping was used, experts recommend extending the period to 1.5 months.

However, you need to focus on the condition of the woman. By this time, the bleeding from the vagina should be completely completed, and the cervix should return to the closed position to prevent infection from entering the organ. Ideally, a woman should consult a doctor and see a gynecologist so that he gives permission to restore the relationship.

When to plan a new pregnancy

After resuming a relationship, do not consider it superfluous to consult a doctor about contraception. This will allow you to prepare the body for conception, restore strength for bearing a new fetus. Experts recommend postponing start date new pregnancy for six months, and in some cases even for a year. During this time, you will undergo an examination, try to determine the reason for the miscarriage, and be ready to prevent the recurrence of a negative scenario in the future.

While preparing for a new pregnancy, do not remember what symptoms you had during an early miscarriage, do not bring this condition into your life, try to remove it from your memory. During the examination, you will have to pass the following tests:

• Tests for the definition of STIs;
• Examination of the organs of the reproductive system / ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• Genetic tests;
• Tests to determine the biocompatibility of spouses and other tests prescribed by a doctor.

When a woman's cycle is restored, she becomes ready for a new conception. However, do not rush. Based on the results of examinations and tests, the doctor assesses the state of health, determines how much time it may take to restore the body. If the deadline has come, and the couple is sure that they are ready for pregnancy, it is necessary to consider the following aspects, the implementation of which increases the chance of a favorable combination of circumstances:

• Future parents must eradicate bad habits . These include smoking, drug use, and alcohol abuse. Many researchers say that caffeine intake in large quantities also carries a risk for a normal pregnancy. Therefore, one cup of a strong and aromatic drink in the morning is quite an adequate dose if you cannot imagine life without coffee.
• Reduce stressors as much as possible, since overstrain, nervous situation at home and at work do not contribute to the realization of the goal. It is necessary to provide the expectant mother with peace, relaxation, and rest. Eliminate quarrels and showdowns from your life. All of them affect the psychological state of a woman.
• Adjustments should also apply to nutrition if it contains harmful products, fast food. You should reconsider the diet, include more vegetables and fruits in it, add vitamins if necessary. Any supplements and medications should be agreed with the doctor. To normalize mood and strengthen immunity, chamomile infusions, tea with lemon balm leaves and honey are useful if there are no allergic reactions to them.
• A good step towards what was planned will be the exclusion of harmful professional factors from life.. If you work in a hazardous industry, inhale fumes that are hazardous to health, and are forced to visit unfavorable facilities, talk to your doctor. Perhaps, given your past condition, you will be discharged sick leave. Many women themselves give up their careers, preferring the birth of a healthy and strong baby.
• Do not forget that excess weight is another unfavorable factor for normal pregnancy. While you have time to prepare, lose those extra pounds that prevent you from gaining ideal forms. Remove harmful snacks and overeating in the evenings. This will help you quickly get used to a properly structured eating schedule.

Often becoming pregnant, a woman is in no hurry to share her joy with loved ones, remembering the evil eye and being afraid to believe in the happiness of conception. However, experts do not advise doing this. In the initial stages of pregnancy and later, the support of loved ones is very important. Do not deprive them of the opportunity to help you, support you morally and physically.

An early miscarriage is not an out of the ordinary situation and, as painful as it is to say, is quite common. According to medical statistics, and there is no reason not to believe it, pregnancy is terminated for one reason or another in every eighth woman in the first trimester. Many future mothers know about the threat of interruption, but not everyone knows what specific symptoms are the reason for an urgent visit to the doctor. Therefore, in this article we will try to briefly and succinctly state the signs of an early miscarriage, its possible causes and consequences.

Main symptoms

The main symptoms that you should definitely pay attention to are discharge with an admixture of blood (brown - including those that often occur with a missed pregnancy) and pain in the uterus and ovaries. At heavy bleeding the child cannot be saved in any way, but if the discharge is spotting, then it is urgent to seek help from a doctor. Timely help - although not a guarantee that the pregnancy will continue, but the only possible chance.

You should also be aware that in some situations, an early miscarriage has no symptoms, or rather, a woman may not know at all that she was in a position, and take bleeding for the next menstruation. In rare cases, a miscarriage occurs "simultaneously" - the whole fetus comes out with membranes.

And is it dangerous symptom uterine tone? Most physicians tend to think that no, if the tone is not regular and not painful. With the appearance of tone, gynecologists recommend using safe antispasmodics and lying down until everything returns to normal.

Causes of miscarriage

If we talk about very early terms, then spontaneous abortion in most cases is a kind of salvation for a couple, since it occurs due to chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus that are incompatible with normal life.

In addition, early miscarriage can be caused by hormonal causes. If there is a lack of progesterone in the body of the expectant mother, then there is serious threat interrupts. Although with timely treatment, it is usually carried out in a hospital, it is possible to save a child.

Other possible reasons.

1. Autoimmune factors.

2. Malformations of the uterus.

3. Various infections.

Possible consequences

As a rule, a spontaneous miscarriage at an early date does not threaten a woman with any serious health problems. Problems can arise only if the miscarriage was caused by self-made "folk" remedies, or if after what happened in the uterus there were particles of the fetus or its membranes - this happens the more often, the longer the gestational age. Precisely because of this possible complication our Russian doctors and prefer all women who have had an early miscarriage to do a curettage of the uterus for "preventive" purposes. After that, a control ultrasound is mandatory.

Many believe that the consequence of one miscarriage is repeated interruption. However, this is not entirely true; the causal relationship in this case is not defined correctly. Indeed, the ladies who survived this tragedy have an increased risk of a recurrence of the situation, but only if ... the cause of the incident is not established, or it is established, but not “treated”. So, an early miscarriage has no negative consequences if the woman applied for medical care. If not, then something might happen. uterine bleeding, a large loss of blood or even its infection.