What can pregnant women do to lower blood pressure? Pills for pressure during pregnancy. How to avoid negative consequences

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of arteries. Its value is indicated as a fraction, in which the first digit characterizes the blood pressure at the moment of contraction of the heart (systole) - systolic, and the second indicates the value of pressure at the moment of relaxation of the heart (diastole) - diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure indicators are measured in millimeters of mercury, since initially the pressure was measured using mercury tonometers.

This parameter is one of the most important, characterizing the quality of the functioning of the body. Often during pregnancy, women first experience the problem of increasing blood pressure, which can be dangerous for both the expectant mother and the fetus.

High blood pressure symptoms

With an increase in blood pressure, you may experience:

• headache(its strength will be directly proportional to the level of blood pressure);
• dizziness;
• noise in ears;
• feeling of pressure on the eyes;
• general weakness;
• nausea and vomiting;
• redness of the face and chest area or the appearance of red spots on the face;
• flashing "flies" before the eyes.

The "intrigue" of high blood pressure during pregnancy lies in the fact that in some cases, even with high blood pressure numbers, the patient does not feel any pathological symptoms, feels normal, and continues her normal daily activities. High blood pressure is detected by chance, at the next visit to the antenatal clinic. The absence of clinical manifestations of elevated blood pressure does not exclude the development severe complications, which can threaten the life of the mother and the unborn child, so it is very important to carry out regular monitoring of pressure during pregnancy.

How to measure pressure?

Currently, there are automatic electronic tonometers on sale that make it easy to measure pressure by pressing one button. Their use does not require special skills. From the moment of pregnancy, it is advisable to purchase a tonometer and measure pressure at least 2 times a day. But it is necessary to take into account the fact that electronic tonometers may not be accurate enough, and in order to find out what pressure you have in this moment, it is recommended to measure three times and calculate the average value between the obtained indicators.

Arterial pressure during pregnancy depend on many factors: the total volume of circulating blood, vascular tone, the work of the heart (for example, heart rate), quality characteristics blood (viscosity, etc.), as well as the level and activity of a number of hormones and biologically active substances produced by the kidneys and adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, etc. In addition, a number of external conditions have a great influence on blood pressure: the level of physical activity, psycho-emotional load, the value of atmospheric pressure.

Considering that changes occur in the body of the expectant mother regarding the amount of circulating blood, heart function, changes in hormonal levels, even during a physiological pregnancy, blood pressure changes depending on its duration.

In the first and second trimesters, blood pressure, as a rule, decreases (systolic - by 10-15 mm Hg, diastolic - by 5-15 mm Hg), due to the action of the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone. It has a relaxing effect on blood vessels, which is necessary condition For favorable growth and development of the fetus. As the duration of pregnancy increases, the load on the cardiovascular system increases, as the volume of circulating blood increases (by about 40?% of the original: 2-2.5?L of blood circulates in the body of the expectant mother more than before the onset of pregnancy), the heart rate increases (by an average of 15-20 beats per minute), the production of placental hormones increases, body weight increases significantly (by the end of pregnancy, it is normal by 10-12 kg). This leads to some increase in blood pressure. pressure during pregnancy, and it becomes the same as it was before pregnancy.

With the development of complications of pregnancy, the level of blood pressure can increase significantly, which poses a potential threat to the woman and the unborn child. Therefore, from the moment of registration in the antenatal clinic, careful monitoring of the magnitude and dynamics (change) of blood pressure is carried out.

Is the pressure normal?

It is believed that the average blood pressure, which can be considered optimal (that is, necessary for the life support of the body with a minimal risk of developing cardiovascular complications), is the level of systolic blood pressure of 110–120 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - 70-80? mm Hg. Art. The borderline values ​​are 130?/?85 –139?/?89?mm Hg. Art. If the value blood pressure is 140?/?90 and above, then given state regarded as arterial hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure).

It should be noted that among young women there are often those for whom the usual pressure before pregnancy is BP 90?/?60–100?/?70 mm Hg. Art. In these cases, it is more correct to focus not on the absolute values ​​of blood pressure, but on the increase in indicators: if the values ​​of systolic pressure during pregnancy increased by 30 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - by 15 mm Hg. Art., then the expectant mother has high blood pressure.

To determine a reliable level of blood pressure, the doctor observes a number of fairly simple, but important conditions, since expectant mothers quite often have the syndrome " white coat»: if a woman has been sitting in line for a doctor’s appointment for a long time, being in a state of stress from an unfamiliar environment, in suspense waiting for the result of the examination, you can get elevated values measured pressure. BP is measured for all pregnant women at every visit to the doctor. The doctor measures the pressure on both hands in the woman's sitting position, the cuff of the tonometer (a device for measuring pressure) should be at the level of the patient's heart. Blood pressure is measured using a tonometer, which can be manual (when the doctor listens to heart sounds in the area of ​​​​the brachial artery in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe elbow bend) and automatic, when the device independently registers blood pressure using electronics. Manual blood pressure monitors allow you to more accurately measure the level of pressure, but require a special skill. positive moment electronic blood pressure monitors is easy to use, but they can give an error in measurements.

The patient should exclude physical activity an hour before visiting the doctor, before registering blood pressure, sit in a calm atmosphere for 5-10 minutes. During the measurement, you should relax, lean back in a chair or armchair, you do not need to cross your legs (this makes venous outflow difficult, and blood pressure values ​​\u200b\u200bmay be overestimated). For getting reliable result the doctor takes measurements repeatedly, since the first measurement, as a rule, is too high.

Since the white coat syndrome cannot be ruled out, the doctor measures the pressure again after 10-15 minutes from the moment of meeting with the patient, since the excitement of the pregnant woman is significantly reduced after a calm conversation with the doctor.

To establish an accurate diagnosis, it is desirable that each woman knows her usual (as doctors say, working) blood pressure level that occurred before pregnancy.

As already mentioned, to establish a diagnosis arterial hypertension(pathological increase in pressure) on the basis of only one measurement of blood pressure is not possible. To do this, the doctor conducts a second measurement, the diagnosis is made when registering a consistently elevated level of blood pressure at least 2 times in a row. For accurate diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe daily monitoring of blood pressure levels. It is carried out using a device fixed on the patient's body. In this study, pressure is automatically recorded for 24 hours at a normal rhythm of life for the patient. During the measurement, a woman keeps a diary, in which she notes the type of activity, the duration of sleep, the time of eating, etc. With daily monitoring of blood pressure, it is excluded side effect external factors(white coat syndrome, stress, etc.), therefore, with a high degree of certainty, the presence of arterial hypertension is diagnosed or excluded.

High blood pressure in pregnant women

High blood pressure in pregnancy is an alarming symptom, as it can lead to serious complications:

If in the vessels of the body high blood pressure during pregnancy, this leads to similar changes in the circulatory system "mother-placenta-fetus". As a result, the vessels of the uterus and placenta narrow, and consequently, the intensity of blood flow decreases and less oxygen and nutrients enter the fetus. These disorders cause placental insufficiency (complications when the normal functioning of the placenta is disrupted and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus is reduced) and delays prenatal development fetus (with a full-term pregnancy, a baby with a low body weight is born). Also, a consequence of placental insufficiency is the threat of abortion.

Persistent long-term increase in blood pressure pressure during pregnancy can cause serious disruption to the work of life important organs pregnant, leading to acute renal or heart failure, life-threatening mother and fetus.

Arterial hypertension in pregnancy can lead to premature detachment of the placenta due to increased pressure in the space between the wall of the uterus and the placenta (normally, separation of the placenta occurs after the birth of the fetus). Premature detachment placenta leads to bleeding (in severe cases - with a fairly large blood loss). Since the partially separated placenta cannot perform its function of ensuring the life of the fetus, it develops acute hypoxia(oxygen starvation), which represents real threat health and life of the unborn child.

A significant increase in blood pressure can lead to the development of severe conditions - preeclampsia and eclampsia. These conditions are the consequences of preeclampsia - a complication of pregnancy, manifested by increased blood pressure, the presence of protein in the urine and edema. Preeclampsia is a condition accompanied by high blood pressure (200?/?120 mm Hg and above), headache, flashing "flies" before the eyes, nausea and vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, located above the navel. Eclampsia is an attack of muscle spasms of the whole body, accompanied by loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest.

One of the formidable complications of arterial hypertension is cerebral hemorrhage. The risk of this complication increases significantly in the straining period of childbirth, therefore, in order to avoid such severe consequences, with high blood pressure figures, delivery is performed by surgery caesarean section.

High blood pressure can cause complications such as retinal detachment or retinal hemorrhage, which can lead to partial or complete loss of vision.

What is hypertension during pregnancy

Reasons for high blood pressure pressure in pregnant women, are diverse. Diseases accompanied by an increase in blood pressure can be divided into two groups.

Group 1 - arterial hypertension that existed before pregnancy. It can be called:

• hypertension - the so-called high blood pressure, the exact causes of which remain unknown to date; at the same time, the woman has no diseases that could cause an increase in blood pressure (endocrine pathology, long-term diseases of internal organs);
• chronic diseases of the internal organs, accompanied by high blood pressure, such as kidney disease (chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, congenital anomalies kidney development), diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus, pathology of the central nervous system.

As a rule, in the presence of chronic arterial hypertension elevated level pressure is observed from early pregnancy.

Group 2 - hypertension that developed during this pregnancy. This group includes preeclampsia and gestational arterial hypertension (a condition in which stable high blood pressure is recorded during pregnancy, not accompanied by clinical signs preeclampsia and spontaneously passing after childbirth).

Preeclampsia- a serious complication that develops in the second half of pregnancy (after 20 weeks), characterized by damage to vital organs. In the case of a severe course or lack of adequate treatment, it poses a danger to the life of the pregnant woman and the fetus. As noted above, gestosis is manifested by a triad of symptoms: edema, the appearance of protein in the urine and an increase in blood pressure. It should be noted that the presence of two of the listed signs is sufficient to establish the diagnosis of preeclampsia.

In rare cases (as a rule, in the absence of observation and treatment of preeclampsia), such dangerous complications like preeclampsia and eclampsia.

The danger of preeclampsia lies in the fact that it can begin with minimal clinical manifestations and develop rapidly, which dictates the need for careful monitoring of pregnant women with high blood pressure.

Risk factors for high blood pressure during pregnancy are:

• excess body weight;
• multiple pregnancy;
• the presence of arterial hypertension in close relatives;
• long-term diseases of internal organs (for example, kidneys);
• diabetes;
• increase in blood pressure during previous pregnancies;
• first pregnancy, as well as the age of the primiparous less than 18 or more than 30 years.

How to lower blood pressure during pregnancy

If the expectant mother has hypertension or chronic diseases accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, the management of this pregnancy is carried out jointly by an obstetrician-gynecologist and a general practitioner or cardiologist.

Treatment methods that help lower blood pressure can be divided into non-drug and drug.

Non-drug methods include normalization of sleep patterns (duration of night sleep is at least 9-10 hours, daytime - 1-2 hours), exception stressful situations and heavy physical activity. Mandatory walks to fresh air at a calm pace bad habits(preferably at the stage of pregnancy planning), as well as a diet with reasonable salt intake (no more than 5 g per day, which corresponds to 1 teaspoon), rich in potassium (it is found in bananas, dried apricots, raisins, sea ​​kale, baked potatoes).

When selecting medications to normalize blood pressure, two conditions must be met: constant monitoring of blood pressure twice a day and the absence of adverse influence drug on the fetus, even with prolonged use.

With a periodic slight increase in pressure, treatment begins with the appointment of sedatives based on herbal remedies - VALERIAN, motherwort, NOVOPASSIT, PERSENA, PEONY DECOVER, etc. In most cases, these drugs are effective in combination with non-drug therapy.

With a consistently high blood pressure The following groups of drugs are usually prescribed:

• DOPEGIT (METHYLDOPA) is recognized as the "drug of choice" (that is, the most affordable, effective and safe), which can be used from the beginning of pregnancy, but the effect on lowering blood pressure is most pronounced for periods up to 28 weeks.
• Calcium channel blockers (NIFEDIPINE, VERAPAMIL, NORMODIPINE) can be used from the second trimester of pregnancy. They are also effective for emergency assistance with an increase in blood pressure to high numbers. Forms with a slow release of the drug are produced, which makes it possible to reduce the frequency of administration to 1 time per day.
• β-blockers (ATENOLOL, LABETALOL, NEBIVOLOL) do not have a teratogenic (causing fetal malformations) effect. They are prescribed from the second trimester of pregnancy. When taking these drugs, the heart rate of the fetus may decrease, so their appointment is carried out according to strict indications. While taking the medicine, it is necessary to control the intrauterine state of the fetus.

The choice of tactics of conducting labor depends on the severity of hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine state of the fetus. In severe cases, with a steady increase in blood pressure against the background of ongoing treatment, a caesarean section is performed, since the risk of increasing blood pressure during childbirth increases.

When conducting labor through the natural birth canal, planned antihypertensive therapy (with the use of drugs of various mechanisms of action) is prescribed in advance for good control of blood pressure, and adequate anesthesia for labor is also carried out. The optimal method of labor pain relief with elevated blood pressure is epidural anesthesia (an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space located between the dura and the vertebrae after a catheter is placed in the lumbar region), since it not only has a strong anesthetic effect, but also helps to reduce pressure.

Prevention of pressure increase

To avoid high blood pressure pressure during pregnancy, you need to follow a few simple rules:

• It is necessary to ensure the normal duration of sleep - at least 8-9 hours at night. Afternoon rest for 1-2 hours is desirable.
• Emotional and physical overload must be avoided; if they are possible at work, it is necessary to temporarily reduce the load (switch to easier work).
• Moderate physical activity(walking in the fresh air, visiting the pool, gymnastics for pregnant women, etc.) helps to improve the blood supply to the brain and internal organs, has a beneficial effect on the emotional and physical state future mother.
• Required reasonable approach to the organization of nutrition during pregnancy: in order to prevent an increase in blood pressure, it is necessary to exclude strong tea, coffee, alcohol in any quantity. You need to give up spicy, spicy, fried food, canned food and smoked meats. Drinking no more than 1.5 l of liquid per day and no more than 5 g (1 teaspoon) of table salt is an important point in maintaining an optimal level of pressure.
• It is necessary to control the increase in body weight (for the entire pregnancy, it should not be more than 10-12? kg, and with an initial weight deficit - more than 15? kg).
• An important point is to control the level of blood pressure on both hands at least 2 times a day (morning and evening). On both arms, the pressure must be measured because the registration of different values ​​of blood pressure (different by 5–10? mm Hg. Art.) indicates a violation of the regulation of vascular tone and is one of early signs development of gestosis.

When to go to the hospital

If hypertension is diagnosed before pregnancy, I trimester(for up to 12 weeks) requires hospitalization in the cardiology department. In the hospital, the severity of the disease will be clarified, the issue of the possibility of carrying a pregnancy will be resolved, and drugs approved for long-term use during pregnancy will be selected. In case of hypertension, planned hospitalization is carried out, in addition to the first trimester, at 28-32 weeks (the period of the greatest increase in circulating blood volume) and 1-2 weeks before delivery. Unscheduled hospitalization is indicated in the development of complications of pregnancy or in the deterioration of the course of hypertension.

With an increase blood pressure, which was first noted in the second half of pregnancy, hospital stay is required for additional examination, diagnosis clarification and timely detection of preeclampsia.

Expectant mothers with diseases of the cardiovascular system are sent to the pathology department at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy. This term is considered critical, since at this time there is the greatest increase in the volume of circulating blood and most often there is a deterioration in the condition of the pregnant woman. Hospitalization helps to avoid complications.

Antenatal hospitalization indicated for choice before delivery (at 38–39 weeks gestation) best method delivery and preparation for childbirth.

In the event of a deterioration in the condition of the expectant mother (increased blood pressure during treatment, headache, signs of circulatory failure, etc.), urgent hospitalization is carried out regardless of the duration of pregnancy.

High blood pressure values ​​recorded at any stage of pregnancy (even in the good condition of the woman and the absence of clinical symptoms), require hospitalization for examination, identification of the causes of elevated blood pressure and selection of adequate treatment.

Hypertension at any period of gestation adversely affects the mother and child. Lowering the pressure during pregnancy means creating the right conditions for the intrauterine development of the child. Hypertension in women can be eliminated at home with several in safe ways.

Why is hypertension dangerous in pregnancy?

Already in the early stages, the restructuring of the hormonal background can cause high blood pressure with the development of preeclampsia. With this pathology, the placenta produces substances that form microscopic holes in the vessels, through which plasma and protein penetrate into the surrounding tissues. Increased vascular permeability causes swelling of the legs and arms.

The placenta changed at the same time is not able to provide nutrition to the fetus. The consequence of preeclampsia may be a miscarriage.

Even in the absence of gestosis in hypertension, the blood flow between the mother and the fetus worsens. This entails a lack of nutrients and oxygen for the embryo. As a result, its development is delayed. Blood pressure often rises at 28–32 weeks of gestation due to an increase in cardiac output. In most cases, this occurs in pregnant women with overweight. A woman should ensure that blood pressure (BP) does not rise above 140/90 mm. rt. Art.

How to reduce pressure

Due to the risk of taking pills, non-drug treatments are preferred. These include, first of all, the normalization of rest and sleep. A woman should sleep 8–9 hours at night, and rest 1–2 hours during the day. A prerequisite is the exclusion of psycho-emotional stress. In a calm state, the vessels relax, which causes a decrease in blood pressure according to the law of physics.

You need to watch your weight. During pregnancy, a woman should not add more than 10-12 kg.

Moderate hypertension is usually managed without medication. You can lower your blood pressure in a variety of ways:

1. Proper diet.
2. Physical methods - yoga and gymnastics for pregnant women.
3. Massage, including acupressure.
4. Cool shower.
5. Folk ways.
6. Psychotherapy.

Regular physical activity with moderate exercise weekly normalizes blood pressure. A cyclic load in the form of walking at a calm pace is preferred.

Good rest, the correct daily routine, walks in the fresh air train the heart and blood vessels. The ejection of blood from the left ventricle decreases with each contraction, which is one of the mechanisms for reducing pressure.

Medical therapy for pregnant women

Antihypertensive drugs are used when diastolic pressure rises above 90 mm. It is only necessary to remember that with a strong decrease in blood pressure, placental circulation is disturbed.

According to the modern point of view on the treatment of hypertension in pregnant women, doctors prescribe drugs:

• Saluretics-diuretics (Hypothiazide). The drugs in this group have advantages. Although they cross the placenta, they do not have a damaging effect on the fetus.

By the way! The exception is Furosemide, which has a negative effect on the child. With long-term therapy, it is not used, but is administered intravenously in acute cases - with a hypertensive crisis, pulmonary edema.

Potassium-sparing diuretics (Veroshpiron) are not used due to the lack of a hypotensive effect.

• During pregnancy, Dopegyt is successfully used to reduce pressure in the usual dosages for 10 days.
• High blood pressure is also reduced by Clonidine, the dose of which must be reduced before canceling at the end of the course of treatment.
• For planned therapy from the II trimester, calcium channel blockers Nifedipine, Normodipin, Verapamil are prescribed. They are also used in emergency cases when you need to quickly lower blood pressure. To do this, put under the tongue. It helps relieve pressure by being absorbed into the blood from the hypoglossal artery.
• Magnesium-containing drugs help to reduce blood pressure - Magne B 6.
• The use of β-blockers for women with hypertension - controversial issue in the circle of doctors. These drugs increase the tone of the uterus, which can lead to termination of pregnancy. In addition, they cross the placenta, reducing the heart rate. If Atenolol, Labetalol is prescribed, then the intrauterine state of the fetus is monitored.

Attention! Blood pressure pills can harm the fetus or cause miscarriage. Most drugs interfere with placental circulation.

Medicinal herbs for pressure

Phytotherapy is the safest and also effective method lowering blood pressure in pregnant women. With a slight increase that occurs periodically, medicinal herbs of a calming effect are used. Plants relieve vascular tone - the cause of high blood pressure. Soften the tension of the nervous system in pregnant women. Popular homemade recipes to help expectant mothers:

• Infusion of valerian root. For its preparation 1 tbsp. l. dry crushed rhizome pour 1 glass of water room temperature.

Attention! Leave in a water bath for 30 minutes in a porcelain or glass dish under a tight lid. This condition is necessary to obtain the active substance - valerian essential oil.

After removing from heat, insist another 10 minutes, covering the container with a towel. Take in strained form three times a day for 1/3 cup. The last dose should be taken at bedtime.

• Motherwort infusion is prepared at home from pharmaceutical dry grass. The proportions are the same - 1 tbsp. l. dry herbs in 200 ml of water at room temperature. The infusion time in a water bath is reduced to 15 minutes, because from soft plants essential oil easily removed. After a short infusion, filter and take 3 times a day before meals.
• An infusion of mint leaves has a calming effect. An essential oil plant is prepared in the proportion of 1 tbsp. l. dry leaves per glass warm water. To infuse, it is enough to hold in a water bath under a tightly closed lid for 15 minutes. After that, stand for another 10 minutes, filter. A glass of infusion is consumed in 3 doses before meals.
• An infusion of peony flowers is prepared in the same way in 15 minutes. Multiplicity of reception and dose - 1/3 cup per day.

If starting herbal treatment, take regularly daily for 2 to 3 weeks. Phytotherapy in most cases effectively reduces pressure even in hypertensive patients at high rates.

At home, it is better to prepare medicines yourself, but from pharmacy products. Buying plant materials from the hands of old women near the metro, you risk bringing home an unpredictable set of leaves and flowers. You do not know what is harvested and at what time, and this is important for every plant. It is also unknown where the herbs were stored.

Folk ways to lower blood pressure

The use of medicines by pregnant women is undesirable. Therefore, many women successfully use folk remedies. With systematic application, this method eliminates pressure surges. Popular foods with antihypertensive properties:

• Mash 200 grams of boiled pumpkin with a fork, mix with 1 tbsp. l. honey. Consume several times a day between meals. The product will not only reduce pressure, but also provide mother and baby with a set of vitamins and trace elements.
• Squeeze cranberry juice from a glass of berries. Pour the cake with water, boil for 5 minutes. After straining in this solution, boil 3 tsp. semolina, then mix with squeezed juice, add 4 tbsp. l. Sahara. Mixture take 3 tsp. several times a day.
• Helps lower blood pressure corn grits mixed with water in a proportion of 6 tbsp. l. for 1 glass of water. Take the porridge several times throughout the day.

These agents, when used systematically in combination with physical methods help to maintain pressure at a physiological level.

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High pressure in women in an interesting position is very common, but if it often increases much more than normal, this can lead to sad consequences.

With pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes numerous changes, namely, weight gain, hormonal changes, the formation of a new emerging circle of blood circulation. These changes are often the causes of increased blood pressure (BP). It must be borne in mind that the treatment of a woman in anticipation of a miracle is different from the conventional therapy for hypertension. After all, if during treatment ordinary person appoint medications, then for the treatment of a pregnant woman in the advantage of therapy without the use of drugs.

Lowering high blood pressure is possible by numerous harmless methods, namely:

• following a diet;
• using traditional medicine recipes;
• resorting to massage and other similar methods.

During this period the body future mother works for two, and high pressure indicates that changes are taking place in the body. Due to the increase in the amount of blood in the body, the pressure may jump, but if this happens again, and possibly more than once, then it is necessary to immediately seek qualified help. medical care. After all, if you do not pay attention to this and do not fix the problem, then this can lead to gestosis.

Preeclampsia is called late toxicosis, it negatively affects the entire circulatory system and worsens the functioning of the cardiovascular system. The consequence of it may be swelling of the placenta, and as a result, the child will not receive oxygen in the proper amount and the necessary nutrients. And this can lead to developmental delays in the future.

High blood pressure symptoms

In the body of a woman during pregnancy, hormonal changes occur, therefore, the risk of hypertension increases. It occurs frequently in expectant mothers and entails a number of possible complications. getting worse general state, and this may lead to deviations in normal development baby.

To measure pressure, a device is used - a tonometer, but there are times when it is not at hand. To understand that the pressure is increased, you need to pay attention to the presence of such symptoms:

• Headache, especially in the temporal and occipital parts.
• Dizziness and tinnitus.
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Poor health, weakness.
• Red complexion, as well as the appearance of spots on different parts of the body.
• Numbness of fingers, coldness in extremities.
• Profuse sweating, chills.
• Increased fear, anxiety.
• Swelling of the face, limbs.

If at least one of the listed signs of hypertension appears, then this suggests that you need to go for a consultation with a doctor.

Fifty percent of women during pregnancy are subject to pressure drops. Normal indicators fluctuate a little, but should not go beyond the permissible limits. It is considered normal when the top is 120 - 130, and the bottom is 80 - 85 mm Hg. If it is within such limits, then there is no harm to either the expectant mother or the baby. Doctors recommend during the period of bearing a baby to strictly monitor the pressure, measure and record its readings. And if there is a tendency to increase it, you need to seek help.

High blood pressure early in pregnancy

During this period, a cardinal restructuring occurs in the woman's body, which affects the entire body, not excluding the circulatory and cardiovascular system. As mentioned above, ideally, if the tonometer shows a result of 120 to 80 mmHg, if the figures are much higher, then the risk of developing the child is not the same as nature intended. Anxiety should arise in a woman if the blood pressure jumped to 140 to 90 or more, the increase occurs regularly.

All this speaks of arterial hypertension, if it is chronic, it is caused by kidney disease or abnormalities in work. endocrine system. If hypertension is gestational, then pregnancy causes an increase in pressure, and this is very dangerous. After all, the vessels become narrower and along them useful material they come to the fetus with a delay, and this can lead to delays in the development of the baby, but if this happens in the first trimester, then a miscarriage is possible.

High blood pressure at the end of pregnancy

high pressure on later dates may appear in connection with various pathologies. Doctors say that at the end of pregnancy, high blood pressure is associated with preeclampsia (the concentration of excess fluid in the body). Therefore, when symptoms appear, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor.

Due to frequent changes in blood pressure, vascular tone increases, and this is fraught with a deterioration in blood flow in the placenta, because of this, disturbances in the development of the child are possible.

Causes of increased pressure during childbearing

Periodic changes in blood pressure during pregnancy - the body's reaction to the changes that have appeared. To the causes of high pressure during this period include:

How to reduce blood pressure during pregnancy through proper nutrition?

If the blood pressure jumped a little, then you can try to lower it without pills at home. You can bring it back to normal by excluding such products from the menu - strong black tea, coffee, coffee drinks, chocolate, sour cream, lard, fat milk, butter, sausage. Eat fatty, fried and pickled foods as little as possible.

Be sure to reduce your salt intake. It is recommended to consume no more than 6 grams of salt per day, and also take into account its content in some products, such as sausage, cheese, canned food. It is necessary to add herbs to food, as well as use salt with a low sodium content. And also you need to give up bad habits, if any.

What foods can lower blood pressure? Reduce it quickly with proper nutrition will not work, but to prevent its growth will help:

It is necessary to increase the amount of vegetable fats, and, on the contrary, reduce the amount of animal fats. The diet should contain more lean fish, sunflower oil. Every day you need to eat dairy products, be sure to low-fat cottage cheese and kefir.

To normalize high blood pressure in pregnant women, you need to use aromatic herbs and vegetables. Allspice, saffron, basil, fennel, and purslane should be present in their diet, it has a lot of magnesium. Therefore, it is considered the main plant in the fight against high blood pressure. Doctors also advise eating celery stalks, garlic, because it has a huge amount of useful qualities that reduce blood pressure and reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood. If you consume only 15 grams of garlic per week, then this will normalize the pressure.

Reducing the pressure of folk remedies

Hypertension is widespread among pregnant women. It is impossible to ignore the disease, as already mentioned, since a threat is possible to both the mother and the fetus. The complexity of treatment lies in the fact that most of the drugs that reduce blood pressure during this period are prohibited. Only a doctor can recommend a safe medicine, and self-medication by taking medicine during pregnancy is strictly prohibited. Basically, doctors prescribe pills during the period of gestation, only in the case of a greatly overestimated pressure indicator. In case of slight pressure, there are many traditional medicine recipes, as well as the use of yoga, meditation techniques, massage, cool showers.

How to lower blood pressure during pregnancy using folk remedies? There are a lot of recipes, here is an example of a few:

Cooking at home will not take a large number time, but will certainly have a positive effect on the situation.

Existing ways to lower blood pressure without drugs

IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

Helping a pregnant woman at home in the fight against high blood pressure will help breathing exercises. It has a good effect on the heart and consists of quick inhalations and slow exhalations.

In order to prevent and treat hypertension, it is necessary to reduce psychological stress. Be sure to avoid stressful situations, try to solve the problems that have arisen calmly so as not to harm the nervous system, and, therefore, avoid complications in the form of cardiovascular diseases.

A woman expecting a baby needs to be in the fresh air more often, eat daily at the same time, drink plenty of fluids (at least 1.5 liters per day), have good sleep and rest in the daytime.

How to quickly relieve pressure

There are many techniques to help a woman in anticipation of a child to quickly bring down the pressure. These include:

By following all of the above recommendations, they will help save a woman in anticipation of a child from such an unpleasant phenomenon as high blood pressure. When the first signs appear, you must immediately take action and be sure to consult your doctor.

• No matter how natural physiological state pregnancy was not for a woman, but the body is under stress
• Especially often, increased tension in the bloodstream worries after the sixth month of pregnancy.
• Although the hormonal background stabilizes by the second half of pregnancy, blood circulation continues to be activated.
• A second circle of blood circulation appears, new vascular branches are formed and blood volume increases. These changes force the heart to work harder.

Additionally: all expectant mothers should add to the list of mandatory procedures by monitoring blood pressure readings. It is recommended to measure the pressure weekly.

For the home, it is better to purchase an electronic tonometer: its operation does not cause difficulties. If a pregnant woman is at risk or feels unwell, then pressure should be measured daily.

Don't worry about high blood pressure. You just need to tell your doctor about it. When should high blood pressure be a cause for concern? Let's figure it out in this article.

• Unstable blood pressure and its “jumps” are considered normal for the expectant mother
• It is important for a pregnant woman to monitor her well-being in order to prevent the development of congenital pathologies in a child, neurological disorders in time
• The full development of the baby will provide only a favorable environment and the well-being of the expectant mother

Pressure 120/80 is normal for healthy person. Systolic (upper) pressure is shown by the first digit, and diastolic (lower) - by the second.

• In a pregnant woman, normal pressure should not exceed 140/90 and go down more than 90/60. In a pregnant woman, the indicators can vary within 10%. Deviations in indicators of 15% or more should be the reason for a visit to the doctor
• Meanwhile, individual indicators may differ from the norm. They are influenced by many factors, including the characteristics of the body, weight, the presence of diseases
• Therefore, you need to know your "working pressure". To do this, the indicators are regularly measured at the same time independently when good health
• The numbers that fixes in exchange card doctor antenatal clinic, show the state of the woman only during the next appointment, and therefore do not reflect the full picture

• If a pregnant woman often experiences hypertension, then it is better for her to purchase a tonometer and measure pressure in the morning. When unwanted symptoms must be measured every day
• An absolutely healthy expectant mother can have high blood pressure, with excellent health. In this case, the inflated readings are caused by anxiety due to the upcoming examination by a gynecologist or white coat "hypertension", as doctors call this condition.

Symptoms of high blood pressure during pregnancy

The woman herself will guess that her blood pressure level has increased. Headache, dizziness, nausea will indicate this. Other symptoms of pressure above the norm are also signaled:

• vomiting may occur after nausea
• ringing in the ears, and black dots appear in the eyes
• red spots appear on the body
• increasing weakness

Sometimes a woman begins to feel bad only with severe hypertension.

High blood pressure during first trimester pregnancy

• In the first trimester, the joyful state of the expectant mother can be overshadowed by high blood pressure.
• With an excessive increase in indicators in the first trimester, it is impossible to delay a visit to the doctor, because this can lead to a decrease in blood circulation and fetal hypoxia. May block baby's oxygen and nutrient intake
• In the early stages of damage to blood vessels entail damage to the placental bed. As a result, spontaneous miscarriage occurs.

High blood pressure at the beginning of pregnancy (before the sixth month) causes a delay in the development of the child. Others dangerous consequences I can be:

• placental insufficiency
• opens bleeding
• chronic hypoxia occurs
• placental abruption may occur

If you do not take action, then with such negative changes, the likelihood of a sudden termination of pregnancy increases.

Who is at risk when the pressure rises above normal:

• those who had hypertension before pregnancy
• in whom doctors diagnosed cardiovascular and vegetative disorders
• in diseases of internal organs
• pregnant women with kidney problems
• overweight
• with hormonal disorders

In the absence of problems and good health, blood pressure indicators gradually decrease until the end of the first trimester.

• This is a consequence of a decrease in vascular tone. Until the end of the first trimester, blood pressure stops at the minimum numbers
• If a woman suffers from hypertension, then it is necessary to start dealing with blood pressure disorders even before pregnancy.
• The so-called "whims" and "jumps" of pressure can be corrected during the onset of pregnancy. The main thing in the prevention of high blood pressure is to regularly measure indicators

High blood pressure during second trimester pregnancy

• The second half of pregnancy proceeds with stable low blood pressure. If compared with the indications before pregnancy, then in the II trimester the first digit (“upper”) pressure decreases by 10-15 mm. rt. Art., and the second digit ("lower" pressure) is reduced by 5-15 mm. rt. st
• However, women often begin to notice high blood pressure from the sixth month. This does not cause ailments in a pregnant woman, however, for a baby, an increase in pressure in the bloodstream at such a time can cause serious problems. An increase in blood pressure is usually due to an increase in blood volume by ½ liter
• Rest and observance are shown to the pregnant woman special diet. Refusal of sweets, fatty foods, salty and spicy should become the rule. Therefore, it is better to limit yourself in advance. Instead of butter you can spread homemade cottage cheese with herbs on a sandwich
• A large amount of liquid consumed is also undesirable. On the day of a pregnant woman, it is recommended to drink 2-2.5 liters. Favor unsalted food
• A pregnant woman needs to avoid conflicts, unrest, stress. But if there is no strength to cope with the experiences on your own, then the doctor will select the appropriate sedative or antispasmodic drugs

High blood pressure during pregnancy in the third trimester

The third trimester is characterized by an increase in pressure. At the time of childbirth, blood pressure indicators are set at the levels that the woman had before pregnancy.

At 32-38 weeks, the volume of blood increases to 1 liter, and closer to childbirth - up to 1.5 liters. The heart experiences a strong load: frequent contractions increase blood output by 40-50%. The pulse also rises. Now it can be 80-90 beats per minute.

Why is high blood pressure dangerous during pregnancy?

High pressure indicators indicate the presence of a dangerous disease for pregnant women - preeclampsia. Its insidiousness lies in the fact that it causes violations of the functions of vital organs. The circulatory and cardiovascular systems are especially exposed to negative changes.

• The presence of gestosis is indicated by the appearance severe edema on the hands and feet. Edema appears due to microscopic holes in the vessels that occur after the placenta produces special substances
• Liquid and plasma protein penetrate into the micro-holes. By themselves, edema does not pose a danger to the expectant mother. But placental edema, which develops with preeclampsia, leads to a lack of oxygen for the baby.
• Pressure above the norm is not always a sign of the development of preeclampsia. But there is another danger as well. Vascular changes and placental affect the growing fetus: blood circulation between the fetus and mother decreases. Phytoplacental insufficiency develops. And this is a direct threat to intrauterine development.

Important: with hypertension, the fetus develops hypoxia. The development of the fetus slows down. The child is born with congenital pathologies. There are frequent cases of the birth of crumbs with neurological disorders.

Treatment of high blood pressure during pregnancy

There are many causes of high blood pressure, so consultation with your doctor is necessary for treatment. Preparations are selected individually.

Pregnant women with blood pressure above normal are at risk. Treatment of such patients is carried out under the supervision of a physician.

How can you reduce the risk of high blood pressure:

• adjust the daily routine: work and rest should alternate
• Night sleep should not be less than 8 hours
• desirable daytime sleep
• dietary nutrition is a diet with a large amount of protein foods and vitamins
• with limited intake of salt, fatty and carbohydrate foods

Low-risk pregnant women can be treated without medication. They are shown physiotherapy, light duty, rest and light physical activity.

• Pregnant from the group high risk medication treatment is given
• Some drugs used to lower blood pressure can cause negative impact on fetal development. But most drugs are not dangerous for the child.
• If the tonometer measures 170/110, then self-treatment is ineffective. Immediate hospitalization required

High blood pressure pills for pregnant women

It is strictly forbidden for pregnant women to take medications for high blood pressure on their own initiative. Not a single hypertension pill is absolutely safe for a baby.

• Of the recommended drugs for lowering pressure, magnesium preparations can be distinguished - Magne B6, Magnerot. Therapy with the use of magnesium preparations is effective for those suffering from hypertension. During pregnancy, there is a deficiency of this trace element.
• Doctors also prescribe to pregnant women with high blood pressure specialized drugs. Treatment should be started when the tonometer readings are more than 140/90 mm Hg. st
• If future mom She was taking blood pressure medications before pregnancy, but now these drugs may need to be changed. During a consultation with a doctor, a pregnant woman will be selected safer medicines

Foods to lower blood pressure during pregnancy

IN traditional medicine motherwort, mountain ash, hawthorn are used to reduce pressure. Well soothes lemon balm, mint, valerian root.

It is enough to hang a sachet (cloth bag) with valerian root and mint at the head. You can also slightly lower the pressure by drinking beetroot or cranberry juice.

What should be the nutrition of a pregnant woman with high blood pressure? Following simple rules, you can normalize the pressure if it rises above the norm:

• you should refuse tonic drinks (strong tea, coffee)
• limit the use of salt, acidic foods (during normal kidney function, pressure does not increase), because the kidneys do not like pickles and marinades
• increase intake of plant foods and animal proteins (lean meats)

Anastasia, 28 years old: “During pregnancy, I was bothered by headaches, heart palpitations. The only thing that helped was a good restful sleep.”

Natalya, 32 years old: “At the 38th week, the pressure jumped sharply to 135. This is at a rate of 115. This did not affect my well-being in any way. But such an increase in pressure became decisive in the appointment of stimulation.

Daria Vitalievna, 56 years old: “To prevent the development of preeclampsia, doctors recommend that pregnant women constantly monitor pressure readings. When she was pregnant, I told my daughter-in-law that you should not be shy and afraid to disturb your doctor once again because of high blood pressure. After all, even a slight deterioration in the condition of a pregnant woman can have serious and irreversible consequences for the baby.

Let your pregnancy pass without “jumps” in blood pressure, and the baby will be born healthy to the delight of parents!

Video: high blood pressure in pregnant women

Expectant mothers can take pills only as prescribed by a doctor. Drugs that are safe for mother and child are selected.

When can pregnant women take antihypertensive drugs?

WHO ( World Organization Health) also recommends the use of tablets during pregnancy with persistent hypertension 140/90 mm. RT. Art. Canadian obstetrician-gynecologists offer only diastolic pressure above 90 mm as a criterion. With an indicator of 160–170/110, a woman is hospitalized to determine the cause of hypertension.

Today, there are no completely harmless drugs to reduce pressure in pregnant women.

Attention! greatest danger antihypertensive drugs are presented in the first trimester, when the laying of the fetal organs occurs. That is why at an early stage they try to use not antihypertensive drugs, but pills that help reduce pressure.

With an unbalanced diet, the cause of hypertension in pregnant women is often a deficiency of magnesium and potassium. The appointment of drugs containing these elements effectively reduce pressure. By the way, not only for pregnant women, but also for all hypertensive patients, doctors prescribe medications and foods containing magnesium and potassium. In the line of drugs of this profile, Magne B 6 and Magnerot are popular.

The role of trace elements in hypertension in pregnant women

When a new life is born in the mother's body, there is a large consumption of nutrients. All systems are completely rebuilt. With improper nutrition, there is a deficiency of vitamins and minerals. This leads to disruption of the heart and blood vessels in the mother. One of the important elements, magnesium, performs several functions in the body:

• significantly reduces blood pressure;
• regulates heart rate;
• prevents the formation of blood clots;
• eliminates cramps of the calf muscles in a pregnant woman;
• removes increased tone uterus;
• has a calming effect;
• regulates electrolyte balance.

In the body, minerals are in a certain ratio, maintaining the composition of the blood. A deficiency of magnesium and potassium is accompanied by an excess of sodium and calcium. In turn, sodium attracts fluid, which leads to swelling of the legs and increased blood pressure.

Important! After applying Magne B6 or Magnerot, the level of sodium decreases, which pulls excess fluid along with it. This means that swelling of the legs decreases, pressure decreases. In this case, there is no need to adhere to a rigid salt-free diet.

Thus, Magne B 6 tablets act as calcium channel blockers (), but without side effects. In addition, they enhance the effect of antihypertensive drugs when used together.

Magne B 6 to reduce pressure is prescribed 2 tablets 3 times a day for 2 weeks. If, after a short course of treatment, the parameters have not returned to normal, a blood or urine test is done for magnesium content.

Permitted antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy

Tablets from pressure differ in efficiency, the rate of release of the active substance. On these grounds, drugs are grouped into various groups. To eliminate high blood pressure in pregnant women, drugs with a different mechanism of action are used. Currently, specialized tablets of several pharmacological groups are used.

List of allowed funds:

1. Dopegyt methyldopa is the most used drug during pregnancy. Representative of alpha agonists of the central action.
2. Labetalol belongs to the group of beta-blockers with an alpha-blocking effect.
3. Atenolol, Metaprolol, Bisoprolol are beta-blockers.
4. Clopamid, Indapamide are diuretics of the thiazide group.
5. Calcium antagonists Isradipine, Nifedipine.

The safest pills for mother and baby are Methyldopa. The drug can be drunk without risk even in the early stages of pregnancy, because it does not have a teratogenic (damaging the fetus) effect.

If hypertension persists when using Methyldopa, Atenolol, Metaprolol tablets are used. Beta-blockers are more effective in reducing high blood pressure.

In emergency cases, with a hypertensive crisis, Nifedipine or Isradipine is prescribed.

Diuretic tablets are used if the cause of hypertension is an excess of sodium in the blood plasma.

Dopegyt (Methyldopa)

The most studied and most often prescribed by doctors for hypertension in pregnant women is Dopegyt of Hungarian production. The active substance of the tablets is methyldopa.

The drug of the central mechanism of action is able to reduce pressure by reducing the resistance of peripheral vessels. Methyldopa also lowers the heart rate.

Take Dopegyt 2 times a day, gradually increasing the dose until the hypotensive effect. After stabilization of the pressure, the number of tablets is reduced, followed by cancellation. You can take the remedy for 1-2 weeks under the supervision of a doctor. The duration of the course depends on the level of hypertension, the condition of the pregnant woman.

Labetalol

The drug is a representative of non-selective beta-blockers with a selective blocking effect on postsynaptic receptors. Labetalol compares favorably with Metaprolol. Thanks to double action dilates blood vessels without reducing cardiac output and reflex tachycardia. In addition, it does not impair renal blood flow.

After oral administration, the tablets are rapidly absorbed. The hypotensive effect begins after 20 minutes, lasts 8-24 hours, depending on the dose. The active substance crosses the placenta breast milk.

Indications:

• hypertension;
• aortic aneurysm;
• hypertensive crisis.

Side effects of the tablets are headache, urinary retention, fatigue, depression. Labetalol should be used with caution diabetes. The drug masks the signs of hypoglycemia - tremor of the limbs, tachycardia. When taken simultaneously with antidiabetic agents, it causes unwanted reactions. In patients with obstructive bronchial diseases, the development of spasm of the respiratory tract is not excluded.

Contraindications:

• bradycardia;
• hepatitis;
• thyrotoxicosis.

Attention! According to studies, Labetalol does not worsen placental blood flow. The drug does not cause intrauterine growth retardation. However, it does not apply to early dates pregnancy. According to the doctor's prescription, tablets are used from the II trimester.

In the pharmacy, Labetalol can be found under the name - Abetol, Presopol, Amipress.

Metaprolol, Atenolol, Bisoprolol

Permitted tablets from the group of cardioselective beta-blockers belong to the II generation. The mechanism of action is selective blocking of adrenoreceptors of the myocardium and blood vessels.

Indications:

• hypertonic disease;
• heart rhythm disturbances - tachycardia, extrasystole;
• angina;
• complex treatment for myocardial infarction.

Metoprolol, Atenolol are produced by Russian and foreign companies. An analogue of Betalok ZOK is produced by Sweden, Egilok - Switzerland. Tablets Metaprolol, Bisoprolol, Atenolol effectively reduce upper and lower pressure. Reduce heart rate, eliminate arrhythmia, tachycardia. Drugs translate the work of the heart into an economical mode. Tablets improve the well-being of patients, reduce the intensity of pain in angina pectoris.

Contraindications:

• individual intolerance;
• bradycardia;
• hypotension;
• heart failure;
• cardiogenic shock.

Side effects after taking the pills - bronchospasm, nasal congestion, deterioration in visual acuity, shortness of breath. Diabetics experience fluctuations in blood sugar. On the part of the nervous system, there is a decrease in memory, confused consciousness.

Beta-blockers in pregnant women impair blood flow to the placenta, resulting in low birth weight babies. The drugs pass through the bloodstream into breast milk.

Metaprolol tablets are prohibited for use in the first trimester, because it disrupts the development of the fetus.

Important! Metaprolol is prescribed to pregnant women rarely and according to strict indications, if there is no other choice. The doctor weighs the benefit of the pills to the mother against the risk of harm to the baby.

Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics - Indapamide, Clopamid have a hypotensive, diuretic, vasoconstrictive effect. Tablets are used in complex treatment hypertension. With isolated diastolic pressure, they are prescribed as independent means treatment. Pregnant women take 1 tablet per day for 3-5 days.

Like other diuretic drugs, Indapamide is not a first-line drug for the expectant mother.

Attention! Pregnant women are prescribed pills only for hypertension caused by increased concentration sodium in the blood.

Nifedipine, Isradipine

The drugs belong to class II calcium antagonists. Nifedipine is a derivative of dihydropyridine. Issued in dosage form long-acting tablets with a slow release of the active substance.

Nifedipine tablets relieve the tone of the smooth muscles that make up the vessels, the uterus. Reduce blood pressure by dilating arteries. Improve coronary blood flow without inhibiting the activity of the heart muscle.

Indications:

• Arterial hypertension;
• relief of an attack of angina pectoris;
• Raynaud's disease.

Important! Calcium antagonists Nifedipine, Isradipine are used to reduce pressure only in emergency cases. The drug has a teratogenic effect on the fetus.

Sometimes pressure pills for pregnancy Nifedipine, Isradipine relieve uterine hypertonicity. This prevents the threat of miscarriage. But they can be used no earlier than 16 weeks of gestation.

Side effects:

• tachycardia;
• redness of the face;
• headache;
• limb edema.

Nifedipine passes into breast milk. It is forbidden for a nursing mother to breastfeed her baby during treatment. In diseases of the liver and kidneys, the drug is used only in the clinic.

Opinions of pregnant women about antihypertensive pills

Young women often face increased pressure when preparing to become a mother. Some of them take pills, leaving reviews online.

Ekaterina, 22 years old, Tomsk

At the 9-month period, the pressure rose to 140/90, swelling of the legs began. The gynecologist prescribed Dopegyt tablets 2 times a day. Effective drug returned to normal within a week.

Zhenya, 25 years old, Novosibirsk

Vitamin Magne B 6 was prescribed to me by a gynecologist during my second pregnancy due to hypertension 140/95 and swelling of the legs. I took 2 tablets 3 times a day. After 2 weeks, the pressure returned to normal, swelling disappeared.

Anyuta, 34, Moscow

When I was young, I suffered from high blood pressure. In the third trimester, the numbers reached 145/90. My doctor prescribed Dopegyt. I drank 2 tablets a day for 2 weeks. The pressure returned to normal and did not rise again.

Anastasia, 27 years old, Moscow

Magne B 6 helped me at 3 months of pregnancy when hypertension appeared. In addition, the stomach periodically hardened. The doctor said that the reason is a lack of magnesium. Already 3 days after taking Magne B 6, the pressure returned to normal. The hypertonicity of the uterus also stopped.

Katy, 39 years old, Moscow

I took Dopegit for 3 days without results. At 160/100 I got to the hospital. They prescribed only Metaprolol ½ tablet twice a day. This drug holds 130/80 mm Hg.

If pregnant women begin to increase pressure, it is forbidden to take pills on their own. Medicines are dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. The doctor prescribes antihypertensive drugs after the examination. In some cases, taking magnesium tablets is enough to reduce pressure.