Experiment with rose quartz. Scientific work "experiments with stones and minerals"

Anastasia Sycheva
Card file “Experiments with stones”

Experience 1

Purpose: to show the variety of stones by external features.

Material: various different stones, bowls of water.

Let's look at what types of stones there are. Find among them the largest (small), the most beautiful (nondescript), etc. Let the children justify their choice.

Place the stones in a row from large to small, from rough to smooth, from white to darkest. Choose pebbles that look like an oval, circle, or quadrangle. WITH eyes closed choose the smoothest (roughest, roundest (uneven).

We consider the roundest stone. Do you think this pebble was always this round or did it have corners? Water moves sea and river pebbles. They rub against the sand, against each other, and sharp corners gradually disappear, are erased - this is how the pebble becomes round. Children take pebbles in their palms, shake them, hit each other, listen to them knock.

Experience 2

Purpose: to show that stones vary in temperature and surface smoothness, that they heat up when warm; In water, stones become wet and change color.

Material: stones, different in color, size, shape, roughness, containers with water, napkins.

Let's touch different stones. Are they cold or warm? Rough or smooth? Hold the pebble in your fist and hold it. How warm he became. Why (hands are warm). This means that the pebbles can heat up. This can also be demonstrated during a walk, when the stones heat up in the sun. You can remember the stone seashore.

What will happen if we put a pebble in water (children's assumptions). Will he drown? Will it float? Let's throw a pebble into the water and see what happens. Circles form on the water. Can a pebble float? Let's put a few more pebbles in the bowl, touch them in the water and take them out. Can be placed in a container big Stone and pour water over it. What changed? What color are wet pebbles compared to dry ones? Which stones are more beautiful?

Experience 3

What types of stones are there?

Determine the color of the stone (gray, brown, white, red, blue).

Conclusion: stones vary in color and shape

Experience 4

Determination of size.

Are your stones the same size?

Conclusion: stones come in different sizes.

Experience 5

Determination of the nature of the surface.

We will now stroke each pebble in turn. Are the surfaces of the stones the same or different? Which? (Children share their discoveries.) The teacher asks the children to show the smoothest stone and the roughest one.

Conclusion: a stone can be smooth or rough.

Experience 6

Looking at stones through a magnifying glass.

Educator: What interesting things did you guys see? (Specks, paths, depressions, dimples, patterns, etc.).

Experience 7

Determination of weight.

Children take turns holding stones in their palms and determine the heaviest and lightest stone.

Conclusion: stones vary in weight: light, heavy.

Experience 8

Determination of temperature.

Among your stones you need to find the warmest and coldest stone. Guys, how and what will you do? (The teacher asks to show a warm stone, then a cold stone, and offers to warm the cold stone.)

Conclusion: stones can be warm or cold.

Experience 9

Do stones sink in water?

Children take a jar of water and carefully place one stone in the water. They are watching. Share the results of the experience. The teacher draws attention to additional phenomena - circles appeared in the water, the color of the stone changed and became brighter.

Conclusion: stones sink in water because they are heavy and dense.

Experience 10

Can stones change color?

Place one stone in the water and pay attention to it. Remove the stone from the water. What is he like? (Wet.) Compare with a stone that lies on a napkin. What is the difference? (Color.)

Conclusion: Wet stone is darker.

Experience 11

Immerse the stone in water and see how many circles it goes. Then add a second, third, fourth stone and observe how many circles each stone makes and write down the results. Compare results. See how these waves interact.

Conclusion: The circles from a large stone are wider than those from a small one.

Experience 12

The stone can make sounds

Goal: to form an idea of ​​the properties of the stone.

Materials: various stones.

Progress of the experiment: do you think a stone can make sounds? How do we

check this? Knock different stones against each other. Are they similar?

what sounds do you get?

Conclusion: Heavy stones make a loud sound, small ones make a thin sound, light ones make a loud sound.

quiet. Stones make sounds when they rub or come into sharp contact with each other.

friend. Different stones make sounds that are not similar to each other.

Useful tips

Children are always trying to find out something new every day, and they always have a lot of questions.

They can explain some phenomena, or they can show clearly how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.

In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts, with which they can then play.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food coloring or watercolor paints

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (if desired)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. On the back side, cut out a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice into a cup. This will be the reserved lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out part) on the tray and use a spoon to “squeeze” the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor inside the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dish soap inside the lemon.

7. Add a full tablespoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will begin. You can use a stick or spoon to stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels made from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

Small capacity

4-6 gummy worms

3 tablespoons baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup water

Scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.

1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (precisely lengthwise - it won't be easy, but be patient) each worm into 4 (or more) pieces.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

*If the scissors do not cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Stir water in a glass and baking soda.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms into it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if you wash the worms with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

Bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops to a bowl of water clear varnish for nails. Watch how the varnish spreads through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (this happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that appears on it.

* To better see a rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in a jar

As small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. Eventually they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Have your child start dripping food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” - drops of coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

Explain during the experiment this phenomenon to kid.

You will need:

Warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food colors

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and stir 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring into it. In this example, 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Using a fork, stir the coloring and oil.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly fall through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with the other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because... The density of oil is less than water (that’s why it “floats” on water). The dye droplet is heavier than the oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it will begin to disperse and look like a small fireworks display.

6. Interesting experiments: ina circle in which the colors merge

You will need:

- printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

Skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from cardboard.

4. TO reverse side glue the second template on the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Thread the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

Small transparent plastic bag

Transparent plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Place the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread in the area of ​​the jellyfish's "neck", but not too tightly - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the jellyfish's head.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Add a couple drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly to prevent water from spilling out.

* Let the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass glass or bowl

Plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Place Epsom salts in a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution is not so hot that the glass will crack.

4. After freezing, transfer the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf, and leave overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait overnight.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they will most likely immediately break or crumble.

9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube

10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands

Teacher of the highest qualification category Utkina Nina Anatolievnashowed integrated direct educational activities on the topic: “The World of Stones” with older children. The students got acquainted with the properties of stones in a mini-laboratory, learned where and how people use stones, and visited an exhibition of precious stones using a multimedia installation.

The children had fun helping the dwarves decorate the Mountain King's cave with stones using unconventional technology drawing - monotype.

Topic: “The World of Stones” (for children 5-6 years old)

Program content:

Formation elementary representations about living and inanimate nature.To consolidate children's knowledge about the properties of stones through experimentation.Develop speech, sensory abilities, curiosity, attention, observation, memory.

Integration of educational areas :

“Cognition”, “Safety”, “Communication”, “Labor”, “Socialization”, “Artistic creativity”.

Equipment:

multimedia equipment. Presentation "Gemstones".
Water glasses; wet wipes
Plastic boards (for each child), paints, brushes, paper in the shape of stones.
Pebbles (5 for each child).

Demo material:

Record player. Recording “In the Cave of the Mountain King” by E. Grieg.
A box of sensations with a stone, an envelope with a letter, a cave panel for sticking stones.

Previous work:

Watching the cartoon “In the Cave of the Mountain King”, looking at stones on a walk, looking at illustrations of buildings and monuments; reading fairy tales by foreign writers.

D Children enter the group and stand in a semicircle around the demonstration table. There is a box on it, inside of which lies one large stone. Next to the box is an envelope with the name of the group.

Educator: Guys, who do you think this letter and package is from? (This letter was sent to us by gnomes, because there is their image on the envelope). Let's read what the gnomes write to us. (is reading).

“Beyond the deep seas, beyond the dark forests, stands a lonely mountain. In this mountain, gnomes live in endless caves. Day and night they mine gold and gems. Their hammers knock day and night. And the evil, greedy Mountain King reigns over us. He was very angry when he saw our house bright, elegant, and cheerful. Help us sketch the king's cave. And to do this, you need to conduct experiments. Approach the box one by one, put your hands on both sides and feel the object. Guess what's inside the box?

( They conclude: there is a stone inside the box).

Educator: This means that we will conduct experiments with stones. I ask you to sit comfortably at the tables.

Educator: Open your napkins and move the trays closer to you. Our eyes are the first to work. Carefully examine all the stones with your eyes.

Experiment No. 1. Determination of color and shape.

Children share observations of what color their stones are. (gray, brown, white, red, blue, etc.).

Conclusion: stones vary in color and shape (the teacher shows a diagram - a drawing, attaches it to the board.

Experiment No. 2. Determining the size.

Educator:"SunAre the stones the same size? - (No.)

Find and show your largest stone, smallest, medium. Who will make an important conclusion about the size of the stones?

Conclusion: stones come in different sizes.

For the next experiment we will need very sensitive fingers.

(Hand preparation - self-massage)

We will rub each finger and stretch our arms.

Experiment No. 3. Determination of the nature of the surface.

We will now stroke each pebble in turn. Are the surfaces of the stones the same or different? Which? (Children share their discoveries.)

Show me the smoothest stone and the roughest one.

Conclusion: the stone can be smooth or rough.

Experiment No. 4. Examining stones through a magnifying glass.

To see the surface of the stones even better, we will use magnifying glasses.

(Children look at all their stones.)

Educator: what interesting things did you see? (Specks, paths, depressions, dimples, patterns, etc.).

Well done, very attentive children. Guys, I have a message for you interesting offer become a scale for a minute. What do you do with scales? Yes, they weigh it.

Experiment No. 5. Determination of weight.

Children take turns holding stones in their palms and determine the heaviest and lightest stone.

Conclusion: Stones vary in weight: light, heavy.

Guys, now put your palms on the table and quickly on your cheeks. What table? And the cheeks? Our skin can quickly detect temperature.

Experiment No. 6: Determination of temperature.

Now we will have a very interesting, very difficult experience. Among your stones you need to find the warmest and coldest stone. Guys, how and what will you do? (Children suggest methods of action, conduct an experiment. The teacher asks to show a warm, then a cold stone and offers to warm the cold stone.)

Breathing exercises.

(Children take all the stones, place them on their palms, inhale through their nose, and exhale through their mouth, lips with a tube (3 times).)

Conclusion: stones can be warm or cold.

“Guys, what do you think will happen to a stone if you put it in water? (Children's versions.) Why do you think so? (Children's arguments.) What needs to be done to find out the truth - the truth? (Children's suggestions.)

Experiment No. 7. Buoyancy.

Children take a jar of water and carefully place one stone in the water. They are watching. Share the results of the experience. The teacher draws attention to additional phenomena - circles appeared in the water, the color of the stone changed and became brighter.

Conclusion: stones sink in water because they are heavy and dense.

(Children take out a stone and wipe it with a small napkin.)

Educator: Guys! Please look at the board. We ended up with an unusual letter about stones. Writing in drawings and diagrams. Who wants to talk about the properties of stones? (One child draws a conclusion about all the experiments performed.)

Do you think people need stones? Does a person use a stone for his needs? How? That's how much interesting we learned about stones! Some help us in the construction of buildings and bridges, others are used in the manufacture of monuments and for decorating metro stations. And there are also precious stones. What kind of stones do you think these are and where are they used? Let's see the exhibition of stones and jewelry.

( Children bring workplace in order, and the teacher encourages the children and offers to decorate the cave house.)

Educator: Guys, let us now, with our own hands, try to make a sketch of the king’s cave. Let the mountain king be ashamed for being so angry.

Educator: What do you think the cave looks like from the inside?

Today we will get acquainted with new technology drawing - monotype, and a palette and brush will help us.
Paints are applied by hand onto a smooth surface, and the print obtained on paper is always unique and unique.

(Works using this technique are shown.)

Guys, take your brushes and apply paint on the plastic boards in a chaotic manner. Remember to wash your brushes before using another paint. Now we take a piece of paper and apply it to the board with paints.

– Look, you have a print on your sheet, but let’s wait until the paint on the sheet dries a little. And we will do a little warm-up.

Fizkultminutka.

In the morning the gnomes went into the forest (step in place)

We found a mushroom on the way (bend forward)

And then one, two, three (tilts to the sides)

Three more showed up! (arms forward and to the sides)

And while the mushrooms were being picked (bending forward)

The gnomes were late for school (hands to cheeks, shake head)

(During independent work music by E. Grieg “In the Cave of the Mountain King”)

(On the board, the contours of the cave are filled with children's drawings)
“The Mountain King must like the way you decorated the cave.” I think he will good friend for gnomes. Let's take a photo with you as a souvenir and send our photo to the king.

Educator:Tell your friends and parents everything you learned today. All the best.

CENTRAL DISTRICT EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW

GBOU KINDERGARTEN No. 000

123557 Moscow, Novopresnensky lane, d*****@***ru (4,

Creative experimental research project on the topic:

"Experiments in the kitchen."

Senior preschool age

Compiled by: teacher //

February, 2013

"Tell me - and I will forget,

Show me and I will remember

Let me try and I will understand."

Chinese proverb

Hypothesis:

With the help of simple and accessible “kitchen experiments”, you can study the properties of the surrounding world.

Goals:creating conditions that stimulate interest in research activities, revealing the creative and intellectual potential of preschoolers with special educational needs,

development of observation, ability to compare, analyze, generalize, development of cognitive interest in children in the process of experimentation,

creating conditions for the formation of the child’s basic holistic worldview preschool age by means of experiment;

involve as many children as possible in the project; make the project a co-creation of the teacher, children and parents.

Tasks:

Educational:Expand children's understanding of the properties of the world around them.

- Introduce various properties water, air, stones.

- Teach children to draw conclusions based on experiments.

Educational:Bring up careful attitude to natural resources.

Developing:Develop children’s cognitive and creative abilities, the ability to participate in feasible activities practical activities, develop an emotional and value-based attitude towards the world around us.

Equipment:Materials necessary for conducting classes and experiments.

Used Books:

1. "Experimenting with living and inanimate nature." JSC "ELTI-KUDITS", 2012

2.M. Yakovlev "Experiments in the kitchen." Eksmo, 2012

3.N. Harris, J. Turner, K. Aston" Big Book knowledge for children" M., "Planet of Childhood" "Astrel Publishing House" AST 2000

4. "Encyclopedia. Discover the world around you" LLC "De Agostini" 2010

Internet resources:

1. http://*****/

Dates:

Preliminary work:

Definition of the problem, goals and objectives of the project.

Studying the literature, selecting material for performing experimental work.

Revealing children's knowledge about objects and phenomena in inanimate nature.

Main Stage:

1.Experiments and experiments with stones

2.Experiments and experiments with air.

3.Experiments and experiments with water.

4. Experiments based on chemical reactions between substances.

Relevance of this project:

Today, both parents of preschool children and preschool teachers educational institutions are very concerned about preparing children for school. And with good reason: many schools put forward serious requirements when admitting children to first grade. The presence of a certain range of ideas about the world around us, interest in new knowledge, the ability to analyze, generalize and draw conclusions, obtain information and work with it, think effectively, independently organize their affairs, solving various problems - this is an incomplete list of the characteristics of a first-grader who declares modern school. Unfortunately, it sometimes happens that excessively intensive preparation for school, carried out in the form preparatory classes, causes a persistent reluctance in the child to go to first grade. It is possible to develop significant educational skills and expand a child’s understanding of the world around him in an interesting and exciting form - experimental activities.

Why Kitchen Experiences?

Everyone knows that a child loves everything mysterious and mysterious, studies the world with everything possible ways and asks many questions about the objects and phenomena around him. Often, things that are completely simple and ordinary for adults evoke sincere admiration in children. But there are a lot of simple experiments that can be carried out right in the kitchen. They do not require any preparation or special equipment; the young experimenter can do most of them himself, guided by his mother’s instructions, but, of course, under her supervision. We decided to recreate the atmosphere of home in the kindergarten group, created a kitchen-laboratory corner, and all the experiments and experiments to study inanimate nature it was decided to connect it with “experiments in the kitchen.”

Almost like this scientific experiments- not just entertainment. Research activities develop thinking in the best possible way child, his memory and observation, gives the first ideas about the physical and chemical phenomena around us, helps to understand some laws of nature.

Conditions for experimentation in kindergarten and children's participation in activities.

And for the process of experimentation to be not only entertainment, but also learning, the following conditions must be met:

Help children find answers to their questions on their own, without immediately giving ready-made answers, by asking leading questions.

manifest sincere interest to activity, since the child’s interest in experimentation directly depends on the personal interest of the teacher.

Do not restrain the child's initiatives, allow him to do all the actions available to him, providing only the necessary assistance.

At the end of the experiment, it is always necessary to bring the baby to the conclusion: “What does the result of the experiment testify to, what does this mean?...”. This will help develop the child's ability to analyze, draw conclusions and generalize

The importance of experimentation for a child.

It is difficult to imagine a deep acquaintance of the child with the properties of the world around him without him. research activities in nature. In science, experiment is used to gain knowledge unknown to humanity as a whole. In the learning process, it is used to obtain knowledge unknown to the given person. specific person. The use of the experiment as a teaching method was advocated by such classics of pedagogy as J.-J. Rousseau, and many others.

Preschoolers love to experiment – ​​this activity answers age characteristics their thinking is visual-figurative and visual-effective. Children's experimentation differs from similar activities of adolescents and, moreover, scientists. The difference lies in its similarity with the game, as well as with the manipulation of objects, which are the main ways of knowing the world around us in preschool childhood. The main advantage of experimentation is that it gives children real ideas about the various aspects of objects, phenomena, their relationship with other objects and phenomena, as well as with the environment in which they are located.

The beneficial effect of experimental activity on the holistic development of the child has been proven: thanks to experiments extended over time, memory develops; in connection with the need to perform operations of analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification and generalization are activated thought processes. The desire to talk about what he saw, to discuss the discovered patterns and conclusions, develops speech. The consequence is not only familiarization of the child with new facts, but also the accumulation of a fund of mental techniques and operations. Scientists note positive influence experiments on emotional sphere child, the development of creative abilities and cognitive interest in the environment.

Experiments with stones

Experiments with stones and sand are interesting for children, because this is a study of what is in close proximity to them. Adults sometimes prevent children from learning new things about these natural substances, claiming that the child is “getting into the mud.” The child is interested in exploring: touching stones, examining sand, determining their softness or hardness in dry and wet states. Adults should become helpers for children in this matter. After all, it is direct acquaintance and study of the close surrounding world that will allow them to develop a keen interest in knowledge, which will be very useful at school.

Topic: “In the kingdom of stones”

Tasks: expand children's knowledge about stones, their properties, teach them to independently determine the properties of a stone: color, smoothness, shine, transparency, buoyancy, solubility.

Equipment and materials: mini-exhibition of stones, including sea stones, jewelry made of stones, closed box.

1. Organizational moment.

Guys, today we will go to the kingdom of stones. To get there, you need to close your eyes and say magic words (at this time, the cloth that was previously covered with the stones is removed).

2. Main part.

Look where we ended up! How many different, dissimilar stones.

How do they differ from each other? (children's answers). Stones vary in size, color, shape. Sea stones very smooth. Why? Sea water, with its waves, smoothes out all the unevenness of the stones caught in the sea. Stones that have never been to the sea have sharper edges. People find precious stones in mountains and dungeons. They also build houses, bridges, and roads from stone.

Let's everyone choose their favorite stone. Let's become real scientists - we will study the properties of stones. The results will be noted on the study sheets.

First, to examine the stone, we use a magnifying glass. What do you see on the stone through a magnifying glass? (cracks, crystals, patterns). All stones differ in color. Let's mark it on the sign.

Now let’s stroke the stone with our fingers and examine it to find out whether it is smooth or angular. Let's put a mark on the observation sheet.

It is necessary to determine whether the stone is transparent, can it transmit light through itself?

And in conclusion, we will check whether the stone sinks and note it in the table.

Several children talk about the properties of their rock using marks on an exploration sheet.

Now, let's play the game "Find your stone."

We put the stones that we have just examined in a closed box into which you can only stick your hand. Children take turns finding their stone. The winner will be the one who can get his stone on the first try.

3. Conclusion.

Guys, we learned that different stones have different properties. The country of stones is so mysterious and interesting! But it's time for us to go home!

(Children close their eyes, cast a spell, and find themselves back in kindergarten).

Guys, you can again find yourself in the land of stones without casting spells if you look more carefully at your feet and around you. The kingdom of stones surrounds us everywhere! You just need to be able to notice it.

Summary of direct educational activities

Cognition (formation complete picture peace)

Topic: “Structure of the Earth. Volcanoes. Where stones are born"

Program content:

Educational: introduce children to the structure of the Earth, talk about the natural phenomenon of a volcano, expand their understanding of stones and their origin.

Developing: prepare children for subsequent experimental research activities on a volcanic eruption, during which they develop mental activity, creative imagination,

communication skills, emotional responsiveness, tolerance, continue to expand and clarify children’s understanding of the objective world.

Educational: to cultivate an aesthetic attitude towards objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.

Equipment and materials: paintings depicting the Earth in cross-section, volcanoes, flannelgraph - the movement of continents, peach.

1. Organizational moment.

Guys, today we came to our laboratory.

Tell me guys, why do we come to the laboratory? (To learn something new and interesting). Guys, do you know who geologists are? (Geologists are people who study the riches of the Earth).

Guys, do you want to become geologists again today and learn something new about the depths of our Earth? (Yes, we want!).

Let's all go to our laboratory together and learn something new about our Earth.

2. Main part.

Earth outside and inside.

Around the planet are layers of gas that make up the atmosphere. The atmosphere provides living things with the air they breathe.

The layers of the earth resemble a peach. The thin skin of a peach is the earth's crust (on which we live, it consists of hard and cold rock), the pliable pulp is the mantle (a very dense boiling layer), and the pit is the core (inside it consists of solid metal, and outside of liquid and hot ).

Continents on the move

The earth's crust consists of giant pieces - lithospheric plates, connected to each other, like pieces of a puzzle. When molten rock begins to move deep in the Earth, the plates shift, setting in motion the huge areas of land located on them (continents).

More than 200 million years ago, there was only one large contingent on our planet, which scientists call Pangea. It slowly split into pieces, which eventually spread out to form seven continents. From year to year, the continents move slightly (show the movement of plates on a flannelgraph).

When two plates move in opposite directions, faults and earthquakes occur.

When plates collide, mountains appear.

Volcanoes

Physical education:

We walked along the path

And we didn't count crows

We boldly move forward

Where the volcano is already waiting for us.

When we came to visit,

You can shout “1, 2, 3.”

Scientists geologists still cannot fully know what is in the bowels of the earth. Today, scientists can judge the structure of the earth's interior by volcanic emissions. What is a volcano? Who knows? Do you want to know what a volcano is and why a volcano erupts?

There are volcanoes at the edges of the plates. A volcano is a hole in the earth's crust from which liquid hot rock flows out from within the Earth. As the rock cools, it forms hills and mountains. The volcano consists of old hardened lava. The shape depends on the type of lava ejected and how far the lava flowed. Liquid lava gives rise to flat, shield-shaped volcanoes, while thick lava creates tall, conical volcanoes.

There is a magma chamber located under the volcano. When the pressure in it increases, magma rises to the surface through a channel (vent) and pours out of the crater. On the surface of the Earth, magma becomes lava. When lava cools, it produces stones of volcanic origin.

-Lava can flow at speeds of more than 100 km. h.

-Lava is about 12 times hotter than boiling water.

Now you know what a volcano is, and we will see how it erupts in the next lesson!

3. Conclusion.

When you grow up, you will probably become a scientist! You will study and protect our Earth. The earth feeds us, clothes us, warms us, and gives us everything we need for life. Guys, remember that the Earth will live without us, but we cannot live without the earth. It was, is, and will always be.

Topic: “Volcanic eruption”

Program content:

Tasks:

Educational:

- introduce children to a natural phenomenon - a volcano, its internal structure, the cause of its eruption;

Developing:

- develop cognitive activity children in the process of performing experiments;

- develop accuracy;

- encourage children to independently formulate conclusions based on the results of the experiment, based on previously obtained ideas and their own assumptions;

Educational:

- cultivate curiosity;

- lay the foundations ecological culture personality.

Equipment and materials: pictures of volcanoes, soda, vinegar, red paint, washing up liquid, teaspoon, model of a volcano, sparkling water.

Preliminary work:

1) Making a model of a volcano;

2) Studying educational literature, reading encyclopedias, organizing exhibitions of literature and illustrations on the topic “Volcano”

3) The child prepares a report “How a volcanic eruption occurs.”

1. Organizational moment.

The doll Professor Povareshkin comes to the children.

Hello guys! My name is Professor Povareshkin. Would you like to conduct research with me in our Magic Kitchen laboratory?

I will tell you riddles, and you will try to guess what we will talk about today?

"I spit fire and lava,

I am famous for my bad fame,

What is my name? (Volcano)

snow mountain

There's a hole at the top

It's hot inside!

Sometimes it releases lava

There’s no way to find control for her! (Volcano)

Right! Today we will talk about the volcano. And not only will we talk, but we will also try to demonstrate it ourselves.

2. Main part.

Listen to the legend about the ancient god Vulcan: “In Ancient Greece power over volcanoes belonged to a god named Hephaestus - fire. He was a strange god: ugly, lame. But he is very hardworking and strong. Hephaestus managed to subjugate fire. He was the first to forge weapons and make jewelry. And then he taught it to people. And if steam and fire appeared above the volcano, it means Hephaestus got to work. The ancient Romans gave this god the name Vulcan. It also means fire. And his house was called a volcano.”

What do you think a volcano is?

(A mountain with a hole at the top through which magma pours out, smoke rises, and stones fly).

That's right, it's a fire-breathing mountain, what does the mountain look like?

(On a cone, on a triangle).

That's right, the volcano is cone-shaped. Notice, if you look from above, what can you see?

(A large hole, a funnel, a bowl).

This part of the volcano is called a crater. It is a huge bowl with steep sides and a reddish-orange mouth at the bottom. It's called a vent, a hole going deep into the ground. The fiery liquid coming out of a volcano is called lava. She reaches the crater and comes to the surface. Then it cools and it turns into stones of volcanic origin.

Physical exercise.

The tree ends somewhere in the clouds,

The clouds sway on his arms.

These strong hands are reaching into the heights,

Keep the sky blue, the stars and the moon.

(Children raise their arms up and swing them. The swing is intensified, the body is tilted to the left, to the right. When the text ends, everyone freezes. While swinging your arms, you should move your fingers (fingers are leaves).

Do you want to know how a volcano erupts?

The Earth's crust is made up of moving plates that collide with each other, causing earthquakes. As a result, cracks appear from which red-hot heat escapes. rock, which is called lava. Hot thick stone lava pours out of the volcano. As it cools, it hardens. Lava usually moves slowly enough that people usually have time to escape.

Tell me, what do they call people who study volcanoes?

That's right, volcanologists, but what are they for? (Study of volcanoes).

Currently, scientists who study volcanoes are sometimes able to prevent volcanic eruptions. And the residents can leave the city and escape. Do you think this is a necessary profession? (Yes)

These people also study the structure of the earth, and what happens inside under the earth's crust. They study and find new minerals. But their main task is to save people, evacuate them and warn them.

Practical part (20 minutes)

Would you like to have a glimpse of a volcanic eruption?

Then we will now conduct a study on “How does a volcano erupt?” But for this you must listen to me carefully and follow all my instructions.

Children approach the model of a volcano.

Experience.

A volcanic eruption is very dangerous and at the same time incredibly beautiful. a natural phenomenon. But if the volcano is small and made independently, then there is no danger. This is a model of a volcano. ( A sheet of cardboard was rolled into a cone shape and the top was cut off. This will be the shape for the volcano. Cover it with plasticine on top so that the cardboard looks like a mountain. It is better to place the volcano on a plate or baking sheet so that nothing gets dirty during the eruption. Place a jar inside the cone, having previously prepared the lava mixture in it. To do this, add a teaspoon of soda, a drop of dishwashing detergent and enough red paint to the water so that the water becomes bright).

Result.

Carefully pour table vinegar into the crater of the volcano - and the eruption will begin!

When soda and vinegar are combined, an active reaction occurs. It is accompanied by hissing and an increase in the volume of liquid due to bubbles. Water and dish soap make the reaction even more active.

Children are given mini-models of the volcano and they independently, under the supervision of a teacher, conduct an experiment using sparkling water instead of vinegar).

3. Conclusion.

This is how everything happens in nature. Interesting?

Well, guys, did you like the lesson? What was it dedicated to?

(Volcanoes, volcanic eruption).

How are stones born? ( Stones can appear when a volcano erupts: the magma flowing along the walls of the volcano cools down, since it is colder on the surface than in the volcano's crater. Cooled magma turns into stones.)

What did you learn new? And how we conducted an experiment to study a volcanic eruption.

Would you like to draw your own volcanoes? And then we’ll look at them and you’ll tell us which volcano you got.

(Children draw volcanoes. The drawings are hung on the board and the children briefly talk about their volcano).

Goodbye, guys! See you again! ( The doll leaves)

Experiments with air.

Air is a substance that, in the child’s understanding, seems to exist, but since it cannot be seen, it seems to not exist. It is difficult for children to understand in words what air is, so experiments are indispensable: how to prove that air exists? Where can I see him? Does air have weight or smell? Experiments will answer the child's questions.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Topic: “What is air?”

Tasks:

Expand children's understanding of air; using experiments to demonstrate its properties such as lack of color, shape, lightness.

Equipment and materials: test tube, water, straw.

1. Organizational moment.

Guys, what is air? (children's answers). Air is what we breathe. Without air, life on our planet would be impossible. You cannot live without air for 10 minutes. You and I breathe constantly, even in our sleep. Let's place our palms on our stomachs and take a breath. The stomach has become larger, which means that air has entered it, and now when you exhale, the air comes out and the stomach has decreased.

2. Main part.

How do you know if there is air around? (children's assumptions). We cannot see air, but we can feel it. Let's wave our palms (a piece of paper) near our faces. What do you feel? (breeze). You can feel the touch of air. Wind is the movement of air; when air moves, it produces wind.

Guys, do you think air has a color? (children's answers). Air has no color - it is colorless. The air is also transparent, through it we can see everything around us. Water, like air, has no color and is transparent. Thanks to water, we can see air.

Let's conduct an experiment: pour water into a test tube, lower a tube into it and blow. What do you think will happen? (children's answers). Let's check!

Children first observe how one child conducts the experiment, since from the side it is better to observe how air bubbles come out of the tube and rush upward. Then they conduct the experiment on their own.

Air bubbles are clearly visible underwater. Why do you think they are in such a hurry to go up? (children's answers). What is easier, a bucket of air or a bucket of water? Water is heavier than air, so air bubbles float to the top. The same thing happens with objects that do not sink in water - once under water, they rise to the surface.

Guys, where do you think air can be found? (children’s answers). Let's conduct an experiment. Look what's inside this test tube (the test tube is empty). Are you sure there's nothing in it? Look carefully!

The teacher smoothly and evenly lowers the test tube upside down into a container of water.

What's happening? Does water go into the test tube? (children's answers). What’s stopping her from filling the test tube, since it’s empty? Maybe there's an invisible man hiding in a test tube? Let's lower it deeper and slowly tilt it to the side (the air gurgles upward in the form of bubbles, disappearing on the surface).

What is this? It turns out that it was filled with air, which prevented the water from entering the test tube, and when it was tilted, the air easily came out and rose up in bubbles. The air came out and the test tube filled with water.

Children try to do the experiment on their own.

3. Conclusion.

Air fills all the voids! This means that it does not have its own form. Air surrounds us everywhere.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Theme: “Fun Lemon”

Program content:

Expand children's understanding of the properties of air: invisible, odorless, has weight, talk about chemical reactions, introduce children to the history of the invention of the hot air balloon.

Equipment and materials : juice of one lemon, vinegar, soda, balloon ik, Glass bottle, glass, funnel, tape, water. Time 15 minutes.

1. Organizational moment.

Hello guys! I, a culinary professor, am pleased to welcome you to my kitchen laboratory! Today we will conduct another experiment with you! Try to guess the riddle to understand what it's all about!

"It passes through the nose into the chest

and the return one is on its way.

he's invisible, but still

We cannot live without him."

(air).

Children guess it and explain why they guessed it.

2. Main part.

Why do you and I need air? Let's do deep breath... and then exhale. We need air to breathe. We inhale and exhale air.

Can we see it? ( No, he is invisible).

Can we feel it? Take a fan or napkin and wave it near your face.

What does the air smell like?

(If children find it difficult, children are asked to close their eyes and guess the smell (orange, perfume, garlic). How did you feel?

Did you smell the substance I suggested you smell? If you ate an orange in the room, used perfume or something else, the air will have the smell of this substance or product. So does the air have its own smell? (No).

Look, today we have a lot of balloons in our group. What do you think is inside these balls? (air).

Do uninflated balloons have air in them?

Which balloon is heavier - inflated or uninflated? How to check? (can be weighed).

What will we weigh it with? (cup scales).

Children take the balls and place them on the scales.

Which ball is heavier ? (inflated)

Why? (air has weight).

Tell me, guys, how do you usually inflate balloons?

Children put balls to their mouths.

Educator: Would you like me to show you how you can inflate balloons differently?

An experiment is being carried out.

What could be better than balloons to decorate a holiday! They bring joy to everyone who sees them. However, not only children love balloons. Lemon, although it is sour, is also not averse to having fun!

Let's find some company for the cheerful lemon and gather everyone in one place. To do this, pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.

In a glass, mix three tablespoons of vinegar and the juice of one lemon. Carefully pour the resulting mixture into a bottle with water and soda. Secure the ball tightly with tape so that it does not come off the bottle.

Result.

Lemon in the presence of vinegar and soda will begin to inflate the balloon!

All this will work out because it will happen chemical reaction. The balloon is inflated with carbon dioxide, which is released during the reaction.

3. Conclusion.

I also want to tell you who first invented the hot air balloon. The first hot air balloons were built by the brothers Joseph and Jean Montgolfier. It was a long time ago, in 1783. The ball was made from linen fabric and paper. The brothers filled it with hot air, because hot air is lighter than cold air. The first passengers were a sheep, a duck and a rooster. Their flight lasted only 8 minutes. Then people began to fly - the first person flew for only 25 minutes. Now the balloons began to be filled with gases, since they are lighter than air. These flights have now become a popular extreme sport.

Now let's remember everything we learned about air.

Air is invisible.

Air has weight.

People and animals breathe air.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Topic: “Smashing Straw”

Tasks: show the ability of air to fill empty spaces.

Equipment and materials: raw potatoes, two straws for drinks.

1. Organizational moment.

What is special about sharp objects? They are made of durable elastic materials, they have thin and sharpened edges. Such objects are easy to cut and pierce. Can a regular drinking straw pierce a dense object? Let's find out!

2. Main part.

Imagine yourself as medieval knights. They fought with swords and swords. Let the potato be our rival, and the straw our sword.

Try to pierce your “rival” with your “sword”. The straw will crumple, but the potato will remain intact. How to be? Will we really have to admit defeat?

In the second round of the fight you must win. To do this, take the second straw and pinch the top hole with your thumb.

Now let's sharply lower the straw onto the potato. The “sword” will easily hit the enemy! Victory!

3. Conclusion.

If you pinch the top hole with your finger, the air inside the straw cannot escape. It makes the straw elastic and prevents it from bending. A straight straw easily pierces a potato.

Experiments and activities with water.

Water is an amazing substance that travels throughout the planet, making transitions between liquid, solid and gaseous states. Water brings life to all living things, and for many creatures it is also a habitat. You can meet it everywhere: raindrops, fog, puddles, dew, ice and snow - all this is familiar to children. Simple experiments will help them become more familiar with the properties of water - the absence of shape, color, smell, taste, surface tension, density, etc.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Topic: “Surface film of water. Experience with toothpicks"

Tasks: introduce children to the surface tension of water; show that soap destroys its surface layer.

Equipment and materials: toothpicks, bowl of water, dish soap, refined sugar.

1. Organizational moment.

Synchronized swimming performances are always distinguished by their extraordinary beauty. To achieve coordinated actions, long training is required. Let's try to create our own toothpick team!

2. Main part.

First, each toothpick needs to be shown its place. To do this, place the toothpicks in a bowl of water in the form of rays. They should touch the wall of the bowl with one end and point to the middle with the other.

Now you can start training. Let's teach toothpicks to come closer together. To do this, place a piece of refined sugar in the center of the bowl.

The toothpicks will float together to the center.

We continue to train our swimmers. Carefully remove the sugar from the bowl so that the toothpicks stay in place.

Now add a few drops of dishwashing liquid to the center of the bowl.

The toothpicks will return to their original positions at the edges of the bowl.

3. Conclusion.

Toothpicks are easy to train due to the movement of water.

The sugar absorbs the water, creating a current that carries the toothpicks toward the center. Dishwashing liquid spreads, relaxes the tension on the surface of the water, causing the toothpicks to scatter.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Topic: “Two fish”

Tasks: to introduce children to the differences between salt water and fresh water, to show how the presence of salt affects the density of water and the buoyancy of objects.

Equipment and materials: two raw eggs, markers, two jars of water, salt.

1. Organizational moment.

There are many different fish living in the pond. Some of them swim near the very bottom, others like to emerge from the water. But is it possible to make such different fish from two identical eggs? Let's try!

2. Main part.

First, let's turn the eggs into two beautiful fish. Using a marker, draw eyes, scales, and fins on the shell. Now our fish are ready to swim!

Place both eggs in one jar of water. The fish will sink to the bottom. Now take a second jar, add salt (3 tablespoons), stir.

If you move one of the fish into the second jar, it will not drown, but will remain floating on the surface.

3. Conclusion.

Guys, you probably guessed that the fish remained the same, the water changed.

It's all about the density of the water. The higher the density (in in this case due to salt), the more difficult it is to drown in it.

Swimming in a salty sea is much easier than in a freshwater river. Salt water helps to stay on the surface. For example, in the Dead Sea, there is a very strong concentration of salt, and there a person can calmly lie on the surface of the water without fear of drowning.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Theme: "Rainbow"

Tasks: study the density property of water, show how sugar affects density.

Equipment and materials: four glasses, food coloring, granulated sugar, syringe, water.

1. Organizational moment.

Today we will conduct a bright, exciting experience called “Rainbow”. The experiment is based on the influence of substances on the properties of water.

2. Main part.

Let's conduct an experiment...

Add 1 tbsp to the first glass. a spoonful of sugar, 2 spoons of sugar in the second glass, 3 in the third.

Put them in order and remember how much sugar is in which glass. Now add 3 tbsp to each glass. spoons of water. Stir. Add a few drops of red paint to the first glass, a few drops of yellow paint to the second, green to the third. Stir again.

In the first 2 glasses the sugar will dissolve completely, but in the second two glasses it will not completely dissolve.

Now take a syringe or just a tablespoon to carefully pour the colored water into the glass.

Add colored water from a syringe into a clean glass. The first bottom layer will be green, then yellow and red. If you pour a new portion of colored water on top of the previous one very carefully, the water will not mix, but will separate into layers due to the different sugar content in the water, that is, due to the different density of the water.

3. Conclusion.

What is the secret? The concentration of sugar in each colored liquid was different. The more sugar, the higher the density of the water and the lower this layer will be in the glass. The red liquid with the least sugar content, and therefore the least density, will be at the very top.

Experiments based on chemical reactions and processes between substances.

If you know how certain substances can interact with each other, you can conduct memorable and spectacular “chemical” experiments.

Of course, chemistry is studied more seriously at school and it is quite difficult for preschool children to explain the ongoing processes and reactions with scientific point vision.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Topic: “An explosion of color in milk”

Tasks: see the reaction between milk and detergent, study the effect detergent on the surface tension of milk.

Equipment and materials:

Whole milk
- food colorings different colors
- any liquid detergent
- cotton buds
- plate

1. Organizational moment.

Guys, would you like us to make the milk move using regular detergent!

2. Main part.

1. Pour milk into a plate.

2. Add a few drops of each dye to it. Try to do this carefully so as not to move the plate itself.

3. Take cotton swab, dip it in the product and touch it to the very center of the plate with milk. Look what happens! The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix. A real explosion of color in a plate!

3. Conclusion.

Milk is made up of molecules different type: fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. When detergent is added to milk, several processes occur simultaneously. First, the detergent reduces surface tension, allowing food coloring to move freely across the entire surface of the milk. But the most important thing is that the detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for this experiment.

Abstract on cognitive and research activities.

Topic: "Invisible ink"

Tasks: look at the effect of heat on substances contained in milk or lemon juice.

Equipment and materials: White paper, cotton swabs, milk or lemon juice. Candle or lamp for deciphering letters.

1. Organizational moment.

How to make secret invisible ink and write secret message for friends. You can use your knowledge of chemistry to write secret notes and letters.

2. Main part.

Pour a little milk or lemon juice into the cups. Take a white sheet of paper and a cotton swab. Let's take some juice or milk into a pipette and write something on paper.

Then let the paper dry thoroughly. The inscription disappeared and became invisible.

Now let's put the candle in the center of the plate and light it. Take a dried sheet of paper and hold it above the candle flame at a distance of at least 10 cm. Constantly moving the sheet back and forth so that it does not have time to catch fire. You can use a lamp.

In a few seconds, we will see how the brown letters and drawings that you wrote or drew appear on the white paper.

Sympathetic (invisible) ink is ink whose writing is initially invisible and only becomes visible when certain conditions(heating, lighting, chemical developer, etc.)

Ink for secret correspondence, that is, sympathetic, was used in ancient times:

Secret agents of Ivan the Terrible wrote their reports onion juice. The letters became visible when the paper was heated.

Lenin used lemon juice or milk for secret writing. To develop the letter in these cases, it is enough to iron the paper with a hot iron or hold it over the fire.

3. Conclusion.

Some substances contained in milk or lemon juice are destroyed by heat faster than the paper itself catches fire. During this chemical process, combustion products are released.

Final stage (products of activity):

1. Knowledge about the world around us, obtained through experimental research activities.

2. “Museum of Stones”

3.Presentation

4. Photo album “We are experimenting”

Who didn't believe in miracles as a child? To have a fun and educational time with your baby, you can try experiments in entertaining chemistry. They are safe, interesting and educational. These experiments will answer many children's “whys” and awaken interest in science and knowledge of the world around us. And today I want to tell you what experiments parents can organize for children at home.

Pharaoh's snake

This experience is based on increasing the volume of mixed reagents. During the burning process, they transform and, wriggling, resemble a snake. The experiment got its name from a biblical miracle when Moses, who came to Pharaoh with a request, turned his rod into a snake.

For the experiment you will need the following ingredients:

• ordinary sand;
• ethanol;
• crushed sugar;
• baking soda.

We soak the sand in alcohol, then form a small hill out of it and make a depression at the top. After this, mix a small spoon powdered sugar and a pinch of soda, then pour everything into an improvised “crater”. We set fire to our volcano, the alcohol in the sand begins to burn out, and black balls form. They are a product of the decomposition of soda and caramelized sugar.

After all the alcohol has burned out, the pile of sand will turn black and a wriggling “black pharaoh’s snake” will form. This experiment looks more impressive with the use of real reagents and strong acids, which can only be used in a chemical laboratory.

You can do it a little easier and buy a calcium gluconate tablet at the pharmacy. Set it on fire at home, the effect will be almost the same, only the “snake” will quickly collapse.

Magic lamp

In stores you can often see lamps, inside of which a beautiful illuminated liquid moves and shimmers. Such lamps were invented in the early 60s. They work on the basis of paraffin and oil. Built-in at the bottom of the device ordinary lamp incandescent, which heats the descending molten wax. Part of it reaches the top and falls, the other part heats up and rises, so we see a kind of “dance” of paraffin inside the container.

In order to carry out a similar experience at home with a child, we will need:

• any juice;
• vegetable oil;
• effervescent tablets;
• beautiful container.

Take a container and fill it more than halfway with juice. Add vegetable oil on top and throw in an effervescent tablet. It begins to “work”, the bubbles rising from the bottom of the glass capture the juice and form a beautiful bubbling in the oil layer. Then the bubbles reaching the edge of the glass burst and the juice falls down. It turns out to be a kind of “circulation” of juice in a glass. Such magic lamps are absolutely harmless, unlike paraffin lamps, which a child can accidentally break and get burned.

Ball and orange: experience for kids

What will happen to a balloon if you drop orange or lemon juice on it? It will burst as soon as the citrus droplets touch it. And you can then eat the orange with your baby. It's very entertaining and fun. For the experiment we will need a couple of balloons and citrus. We inflate them and let the baby drip some fruit juice onto each one and see what happens.

Why does the balloon burst? It's all about the special chemical substance– limonene. It is found in citrus fruits and is often used in the cosmetics industry. When the juice comes into contact with the rubber of the balloon, a reaction occurs, limonene dissolves the rubber and the balloon bursts.

Sweet glass

You can make amazing things from caramelized sugar. In the early days of cinema, edible sweet glass was used in most fight scenes. This is because it is less traumatic for actors during filming and is inexpensive. Its fragments can then be collected, melted and made into film props.

Many people made sugar cockerels or fudge in childhood; glass should be made according to the same principle. Pour water into the pan, heat it up a little, the water should not be cold. After that we fall asleep there granulated sugar and bring to a boil. When the liquid boils, cook until the mixture gradually begins to thicken and bubbles strongly. The melted sugar in the container should turn into a viscous caramel, which, if lowered into cold water will turn into glass.

Pour the prepared liquid onto the previously prepared and lubricated vegetable oil pan, cool and the sweet glass is ready.

During the cooking process, you can add dye to it and cast it into any interesting shape, and then treat and surprise everyone around.

Philosophical nail

This entertaining experience based on the principle of copper plating of iron. Named by analogy with a substance that, according to legend, could turn everything into gold, and was called the philosopher's stone. To conduct the experiment we will need:

• iron nail;
• a quarter of a glass of acetic acid;
• table salt;
• soda;
• a piece of copper wire;
• glass container.

Take a glass jar and pour acid and salt into it and stir well. Be careful, vinegar is harsh bad smell. It can burn tender Airways child. Then add to the resulting solution copper wire for 10-15 minutes, after some time we lower an iron nail, previously cleaned with soda, into the solution. After some time, we can see that a copper coating has appeared on it, and the wire has become shiny as new. How could this happen?

Copper reacts with acetic acid to form a copper salt, then the copper ions on the surface of the nail exchange places with iron ions and form a coating on the surface of the nail. And the concentration of iron salts in the solution increases.

Copper coins are not suitable for the experiment because this metal itself is very soft, and to make the money stronger, its alloys with brass and aluminum are used.

Copper products do not rust over time; they are coated with a special green coating– patina, which prevents it from further corrosion.

DIY soap bubbles

Who didn't love blowing soap bubbles as a child? How beautifully they shimmer and burst merrily. You can simply buy them in the store, but it will be much more interesting to create your own solution with your child and then blow bubbles.

It should be said right away that the usual mixture of laundry soap and water will not work. It produces bubbles that quickly disappear and are difficult to blow out. The most accessible way to prepare such a substance is to mix two glasses of water with a glass of dishwashing detergent. If you add sugar to the solution, the bubbles become stronger. They will fly for a long time and will not burst. And the huge bubbles that can be seen on stage professional artists, are obtained by mixing glycerin, water and detergent.

For beauty and mood, you can mix food coloring into the solution. Then the bubbles will glow beautifully in the sun. You can create several different solutions and use them in turns with your child. It's interesting to experiment with color and create your own new shade soap bubbles.

You can also try mixing the soap solution with other substances and see how they affect the bubbles. Maybe you will invent and patent some new type of yours.

Spy ink

This legendary invisible ink. What are they made of? Now there are so many films about spies and interesting intellectual investigations. You can invite your child to play secret agents a little.

The point of such ink is that it cannot be seen on paper with the naked eye. Only by applying special influence, for example, heat or chemical reagents, can you see the secret message. Unfortunately, most recipes for making them are ineffective and such ink leaves marks.

We will make special ones that are difficult to see without special identification. For this you will need:

• water;
• spoon;
• baking soda;
• any heat source;
• stick with cotton on the end.

Pour warm liquid into any container, then, stirring, pour baking soda into it until it stops dissolving, i.e. the mixture will reach a high concentration. We put a stick with cotton wool at the end there and write something on paper with it. Let's wait until it dries, then bring the sheet to a lit candle or gas stove. After a while, you can see how the yellow letters of the written word appear on the paper. Make sure that the leaf does not catch fire while developing the letters.

Fireproof money

This is a famous and old experiment. For it you will need:

• water;
• alcohol;
• salt.

Take deep glass container and pour water into it, then add alcohol and salt, stir well until all ingredients dissolve. To set it on fire, you can take ordinary pieces of paper, or if you don’t mind, you can take a banknote. Just take a small denomination, otherwise something may go wrong in the experiment and the money will be spoiled.

Place strips of paper or money in a water-salt solution; after a while they can be removed from the liquid and set on fire. You can see that the flame covers the entire bill, but it does not light up. This effect is explained by the fact that the alcohol in the solution evaporates, and the wet paper itself does not catch fire.

Wish-fulfilling stone

The process of growing crystals is very exciting, but labor-intensive. However, what you get as a result will be worth your time. The most popular is the creation of crystals from table salt or sugar.

Let's consider growing a “wishing stone” from refined sugar. For this you will need:

• drinking water;
• granulated sugar;
• piece of paper;
• thin wooden stick;
• small container and glass.

First, let's make the preparation. To do this we need to prepare a sugar mixture. Pour some water and sugar into a small container. Let the mixture boil and cook until it becomes syrupy. Then we lower the wooden stick there and sprinkle it with sugar, this must be done evenly, in this case the resulting crystal will become more beautiful and even. Leave the base for the crystal overnight to dry and harden.

Let's start preparing the syrup solution. Pour water into a large container and add sugar, stirring slowly. Then, when the mixture boils, cook it until it becomes a viscous syrup. Remove from fire and let cool.

We cut out circles from paper and attach them to the end of a wooden stick. It will become the lid on which the wand with crystals is attached. Fill the glass with the solution and lower the workpiece into it. We wait for a week, and the “wishing stone” is ready. If you add dye to the syrup during cooking, it will turn out even more beautiful.

The process of creating crystals from salt is somewhat simpler. Here you just need to monitor the mixture and change it periodically in order to increase the concentration.

First of all, we create a blank. Pour into a glass container warm water, and gradually stirring, add salt until it stops dissolving. Leave the container for a day. After this time, you can find many small crystals in the glass; choose the largest one and tie it to a thread. Make a new one brine and put the crystal there; it must not touch the bottom or edges of the glass. This may lead to unwanted deformations.

After a couple of days you can notice that he has grown. The more often you change the mixture, increasing the concentration of salt, the faster you can grow your wishing stone.

Glowing tomato

This experiment must be carried out strictly under the supervision of adults, as it uses harmful substances. The glowing tomato that will be created during this experiment should absolutely not be eaten, as it can lead to death or severe poisoning. We will need:

• regular tomato;
• syringe;
• sulfuric matter from matches;
• bleach;
• hydrogen peroxide.

We take a small container, put pre-prepared match sulfur there and pour in bleach. We leave all this for a while, after which we draw the mixture into a syringe and inject it inside the tomato with different sides, so that it glows evenly. For start chemical process Hydrogen peroxide is needed, which we introduce through the trace from the petiole on top. We turn off the lights in the room and we can enjoy the process.

Egg in vinegar: a very simple experiment

This is a simple and interesting ordinary acetic acid. To implement it you will need a boiled chicken egg and vinegar. Take a transparent glass container and place an egg in its shell in it, then fill it to the top with acetic acid. You can see bubbles rising from its surface; this is a chemical reaction taking place. After three days, we can observe that the shell has become soft and the egg is elastic, like a ball. If you shine a flashlight on it, you can see that it glows. Conduct an experiment with raw egg not recommended, as the soft shell may rupture when squeezed.

DIY slime made from PVA

This is quite common strange toy our childhood. Currently it is quite difficult to find it. Let's try to make slime at home. Its classic color is green, but you can use the one you like. Try mixing several shades and creating your own unique color.

To conduct the experiment we will need:

• glass jar;
• several small glasses;
• dye;
• PVA glue;
• regular starch.

Let's prepare three identical glasses with solutions that we will mix. Pour PVA glue into the first, water into the second, and dilute starch into the third. First, pour water into the jar, then add glue and dye, stir everything thoroughly and then add starch. The mixture needs to be stirred quickly so that it does not thicken, and you can play with the finished slime.

How to quickly inflate a balloon

Is there a holiday coming up and you need to inflate a lot of balloons? What to do? This unusual experience will help make the task easier. For it we need a rubber ball, acetic acid and regular soda. It must be carried out carefully in the presence of adults.

Pour a pinch of soda into balloon and put it on the neck of a bottle of acetic acid so that the soda does not spill out, straighten the ball and let its contents fall into the vinegar. You will see a chemical reaction take place and it will begin to foam, releasing carbon dioxide and inflating the balloon.

That's all for today. Don’t forget, it’s better to conduct experiments for children at home under supervision, it will be safer and more interesting. See you again!