What time to feed. Cottage cheese and kefir. How to introduce new products

Complementary foods are foods that are given to a child when they reach a certain age and physiological indicators. It complements breast milk or milk formula nutritional value which can no longer meet the needs of a growing organism. Thanks to complementary foods, when a baby consumes a relatively small amount of food, he receives a lot of energy and nutrients in the form of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Since in the first year of a baby's life the foundations of his future health of the child are laid, proper nutrition, including complementary foods, plays a very important role.

First complementary foods - when and how to introduce

The question of when to introduce complementary foods worries all mothers. However, this question cannot be answered unambiguously. It is important to understand that an indicator of a baby’s readiness for complementary foods is not only age, but a number of parameters of its growth and development, including:

- type of feeding the baby (breast or artificial);
- the weight of the child, which should be at least twice his weight at birth (in premature babies - 2.5 times);
- the baby’s lack of a pushing reflex of the tongue (that is, if he is offered a drink in a spoon, he will be able to drink it, and not smear it on his chin). This is important, since complementary foods should only be given from a spoon so that it is processed by saliva for proper digestion.
- the ability of the child to sit, bend the body to the spoon (showing a desire to eat) or lean back (refusing to eat);
- the presence of a feeling of hunger in the baby after feeding with formula or mother's milk, even from both breasts;
- the presence of a great interest in the food that his parents eat, and the desire to try it.

In each child, all factors are fully manifested in different ages. As practice shows, the most common introduction of complementary foods to a baby occurs between the ages of 5 months and 9 months. When breastfeeding, the opinion of pediatricians on the introduction of the first complementary foods is unequivocal - this should not be done, a baby up to 6 months needs only mother's milk. For children who are on artificial feeding, earlier complementary foods are provided.

Mom should remember the main thing - with complementary foods it is better to be a little late than to hurry. For example, complementary foods at 3 months can cause adverse reactions from the body of a child who is physiologically not yet ready to accept new food. These reactions can be manifested by abdominal pain, intestinal colic, regurgitation, vomiting and stool disorders. Early complementary foods can cause serious disruption of the digestive system, requiring long treatment. Another complication of thoughtless early complementary foods Allergy can become, which is caused by the high permeability of the intestinal wall for large molecules and the immaturity of digestive enzymes and the immune system. In this case, the emerging the immune system baby, which can lead to frequent infections and the emergence of various chronic diseases.

If complementary foods are introduced to a child who has immature mechanisms for swallowing thick foods, there is a danger that he may choke, begin to vomit and generally lose interest in food. Subsequently, due to the load that will be experienced due to the early introduction of complementary foods, the unformed children's liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal system, these organs will be very vulnerable.

Another negative result of the early introduction of complementary foods is a decrease in breastfeeding, as a result of which the mother may decrease lactation. That is why the first complementary foods should be introduced only at favorable times for this and only after consultation with the pediatrician observing the baby.

Complementary foods at 3 months

As we have already said, by 3 months, enzymes are already ripening in the baby’s digestive system, the permeability of the intestinal mucosa decreases, its normal immunity and mechanisms are formed that allow you to take semi-liquid and solid food. However, at this age, complementary foods should be treated with extreme caution. For children who are breastfed, its introduction is not recommended. The issue of feeding infants who are formula-fed should only be decided by a pediatrician at this age.

Complementary foods at 4 months

Babies who are breastfed by their mother still do not need complementary foods, receiving all the necessary nutrients from their mother's milk. Although at this time the body is already preparing to receive food other than breast milk and formula. Children who are bottle-fed can, with the permission of the doctor, begin to give fruit juices, and they must be one-component. It is better if it is a few drops of apple juice familiar to all of us.

Then, after observing the reaction of the child and not noticing any alarming manifestations in the form of a skin rash, intestinal colic, stool disorders, you can begin to gradually increase the amount of juice by a few drops a day.

In the beginning, the easiest way to get juice is by rubbing an apple on a fine grater and squeezing a few drops of juice into a teaspoon from the resulting mass through a sterile bandage. It is important to remember that complementary foods cannot be introduced using a bottle with a pacifier. You should feed the baby with a spoon, and later - use a drinking mug.

Complementary foods at 5 months

At the 5th month, babies who are bottle-fed can be introduced into the diet of vegetable purees, starting with 5-10 grams and bringing their daily amount to children's diet 100 gr.

Complementary foods at 6 months

At 6 months, most babies should already be given complementary foods in the form of vegetable puree(weakened children can be started to feed with cereals). by the most the best vegetables for the first feeding are zucchini or cauliflower, but with carrots it is better to be careful, as it can cause allergies. You can add a few drops to vegetable puree. vegetable oil. Gradually increasing the portion of complementary foods in the form of vegetable puree, one milk feeding should be completely replaced with it. By 10 months, the baby should eat up to 200 gr. vegetable puree at a time.

Complementary foods at 7 months

A 7-month-old baby can be safely fed with porridge. In the first week, porridge should be liquid, made from 100 ml of water and 1 teaspoon of cereal. Then you can start making it thicker and cook with 100 ml of water and 2 teaspoons of cereal. A baby at this age can be fed rice, buckwheat or corn porridge made from cereals, previously ground in a coffee grinder. Porridge is boiled in a small amount of water, and then diluted with breast milk or formula diluted to the desired consistency (but not cow's milk, which is a strong allergen). In the early days, you can give only a few teaspoons of porridge, then gradually increase its amount to 150 grams. in a day. Such a portion of porridge can fully replace one breastfeeding or a mixture. If a young mother does not have enough time or skill to prepare such a porridge, you can use ready-made cereals, the choice of which is very large today. When preparing them, be sure to follow the instructions.

In addition, the diet of a baby at this age can be supplemented with the yolk of a hard-boiled egg, chicken or quail. The first portion should be no more than a match head, then it can be brought up to half a teaspoon.

Complementary foods at 8 months

An 8-month-old baby should already be offered dairy products, which are very useful for regulating his digestion and strengthening the immune system, as well as fruit purees. At this time, the peanut menu can be supplemented with cottage cheese, kefir and yogurt. The purchase of these products should be made in the departments of baby food or prepared by the mother herself. At 7 months, the baby can receive 1 teaspoon of cottage cheese and 30 ml of yogurt and kefir. In a year healthy child can eat 50 gr. cottage cheese and 100 ml of fermented milk drinks. Fruit purees should start with 1 teaspoon. Then, daily increasing the portion, it must be brought to 100-130 g.

Complementary foods at 9 months

9 months is the most right time to introduce into the baby's diet such useful product, like meat, which is a source of protein, iron and vitamins for a growing organism. However, when introducing meat complementary foods, great care should be taken, and if the baby refuses to try a new dish, there is no need to show great perseverance.

You can start meat complementary foods with rabbit, turkey or veal (some children are allergic to cow protein - therefore, their diet should not contain veal). You should not offer meat broths to your baby yet, it is better to give him chopped meat in a blender or finely chopped meat with vegetable soups or mashed potatoes, so it will be better absorbed. Meat complementary foods should be started with 0.5 teaspoon per day, eventually increasing the portion to 3 tablespoons.

Complementary foods at 10 months

Fish is characterized by an ideal amino acid composition, it is well absorbed by the children's body. However, it can be an allergen. Therefore, for the first time it should be given to the baby during breakfast, in order to observe the reaction of his body during the day. Nutritionists believe that children under one year of age should not receive meat as complementary foods, but white sea white fish (such as hake, cod, etc.). The first daily portion of fish food should be equal to half a teaspoon, eventually increasing to 50 grams.

Complementary foods at 11 months

At this age, you can further expand the baby's diet by offering him different vegetables and fruits. Children of this age, as a rule, already have 4 to 6 teeth. Therefore, you can try to give your child food without grinding it in a blender or meat grinder, but cutting it into small pieces. Instead of mashed meat, you should already give steamed meatballs or cutlets, and leave pieces in vegetable puree.

Lure- this is the beginning of the introduction of new types of products to replenish the energy costs of the baby.

Based on data from WHO studies, general rules complementary foods:

• the first product in the baby's menu is introduced between 4 and 6 months: at six months for natural scientists, at 4 - 4.5 months for babies on mixtures;
• great attention is paid to readiness for a new kind of food;
• complementary foods for months provides for the introduction various kinds food: cereals, vegetables, meat, dairy products;
• food should be in a mashed form (mashed potatoes). If you have teeth, you can try lump food;
• Breastfeeding is the key to health and should be continued until the age of two.

Pediatrician, doctor of the highest category Yakov Yakovlev believes: “The number 6 should be treated well. This wonderful age for acceptance adult food».

With the introduction of complementary foods after the optimal period, the child will begin to lose weight, lack micronutrients. In the worst case scenario, developmental delay threatens.

At early introduction new foods increase the risk of developing allergies due to the unavailability of digestive enzymes.

Complementary feeding rules

• you need to give new food from 5 grams, increasing portions in 2 weeks to 150 grams;
• the child must be healthy;
• the first feeding is undesirable in summer period of the year;
• another product should be introduced only after adaptation to the previous one, approximately every 2 to 3 weeks;
• food should be freshly cooked, warm.
• you need to carefully monitor the condition of the child. If diarrhea occurs, it is better to remove the product from the menu for a while and try again after a week.

Complementary foods at 6 months

The baby's first dish is vegetable. With a lack of weight - porridge. We start with hypoallergenic broccoli, zucchini and cauliflower.

Broccoli is not the most pleasant taste, so save it for last.

You can buy vegetable purees in jars or cook them yourself. When preparing mashed potatoes, you should take a vegetable, wash, peel. Steam cooking is best. Then place the finished vegetable in a blender. Grind until puree.

The most delicious purees are from Gerber, but in terms of price they are much more expensive than Grandma's Basket.

Do not add spices, salt, sugar until two years old.

For 2 weeks, the child should get used to zucchini. Monitor the condition of the skin and stool.

Cauliflower will be the next step in expanding the diet, but subject to the absence of rashes and other elements on the baby's skin.

It should be given before breastfeeding, at 12 noon.

You can offer 5 - 6 times one dish. If the baby has not eaten the entire portion offered to him, perhaps he is simply full of breast milk.

One of the last in vegetable complementary foods- pumpkin and carrots. They are allergenic, be careful.

Potatoes are the latest of all vegetables to be introduced to the child's menu. A very allergenic product, for the assimilation of which an already mature enzymatic function of the intestine is needed.

Important information for those parents who are interested,.

Complementary foods at 7 months

Next in line are fruits and cereals. We start with a green apple and pears. Then offer prunes, apricots, peaches or plums. Of course, in summer time Much more fruit selection.

We introduce fruits, like vegetables, starting with a teaspoon, from one fruit, after a month we switch to another.

Porridge is our breadwinner

The introduction of complementary foods at 7 months should begin with dairy-free cereals. Up to 12 months there is no need for cow and goat milk, as advised by grandmothers. These dairy products increase the acidity of the stomach, can provoke the development of gastritis or ulcers.

You can add breast milk or formula to the porridge.

Start with gluten-free cereals - corn, buckwheat or rice. For children under one year old, gluten is quite difficult to digest.

Do not be afraid to buy baby cereals in stores. They are already crushed and ready for use, only diluted with water. No additives are needed. Nestle produces a range of very tasty cereals at affordable prices.

Porridges are given for breakfast, it is possible together with fruits. Same amount as with vegetables. You can add 1/2 teaspoon of butter to the porridge.

8 months - meat time

By this time, the baby already has a full breakfast. Now let's create a menu for lunch. The first meat dishes are rabbit and turkey, as they are hypoallergenic. We start with 5 grams of canned meat puree, both separately and mixed with vegetables. Meat dish you can cook it yourself in the form of minced meat.

After the turkey and rabbit, beef, chicken, and veal are given. It is better to refuse pork before 2 years.

Do not add vegetable oil to canned meat puree. But if you cooked it yourself, then you should add ½ teaspoon of vegetable oil to vegetables or mashed meat.

The yolk is a storehouse of vitamins

We give the yolk 2 times a week, starting with ¼ part. Add to dishes or dilute with milk. Usually given in the morning. Then by the year we increase to half.

Table of introduction of complementary foods for breakfast and lunch while breastfeeding

Don't forget to breastfeed.

Complementary feeding table for artificial feeding

It's time for cottage cheese and kefir

Ukrainian doctor Komarovsky O.E. advises starting complementary foods with kefir, as it is similar to mother's milk. But WHO recommends otherwise. It is better to buy kefir for children, from Nasha Masha or Frutonyanya. Kefir should be unsweetened and without dyes.

We also start according to the "golden rule" - with a teaspoon. We give kefir for dinner at 20.00. We also choose cottage cheese for children: “Agusha”, “Tyoma”. We start cottage cheese with a teaspoon and bring it up to 50 grams by 1 year. We give in the evening for dinner with cottage cheese.

10 months - lump food

The child can be given cookies, drying, as the baby already has required amount teeth. Give fruits in pieces, peeled.

A child with food should always be supervised!

Fruit juices are best made by yourself. Store-bought ones contain a lot of acids and sugar.

At 10 months, give fish dishes 2 times a week. Start with low-fat varieties - hake, cod, perch.

What can not be given before 1 year?

• semolina should not be given often, as it interferes with the absorption of iron and can provoke the development of anemia;
• sweets, chocolate;
• goat, cow's milk;
• tropical fruits, citrus.

General table for the introduction of complementary foods for children

Meals in "banks"

Products are prepared only from environmentally friendly, carefully grown fruits and vegetables. This type of food has a guaranteed composition. Lots of checks going on. It is impossible to find poor quality baby food on the shelves.

There are no preservatives in this diet. Why are they kept for so long? Vacuum packaging and aseptic storage conditions do not allow the product to deteriorate.

You can start complementary foods with industrial products. Then, when the child gets used to it, cook it yourself. Be sure to check the expiration dates.

Complementary foods for children with atypical reactions

It is very difficult to feed a child if he has manifestations of allergies. The following rules must be observed:

• do not add sugar to ready meals, especially juices;
• start complementary foods only with “clean” skin;
• keep monocomponent. Don't mix multiple vegetables or fruits. So it will be easier to identify what the allergy is, if it appears;
• sweet fruit juices, potatoes, carrots, pumpkin, leave in the end, by 10-11 months;
• egg, fish is better to enter from 12 months;
• the baby gets used to each new dish for at least 7 days;
• if a rash appears New Product cancelled;
• if you are allergic to cow's milk, allergic reactions to beef are also likely.

Up to a year, the health of the baby is laid. Correct balanced diet will help avoid many problems in the future. New food products Your kids will love it if they are made with love. Each baby is individual, and only the mother will be able to understand when a new feeding period will begin.

Immediately after the first difficulties of breastfeeding are left behind, another mother stands in front of serious problem- First meal. The recommendations given in this case by thematic sites, local pediatricians and friends with grandmothers are very different from each other, so inexperienced women are simply lost in a sea of ​​conflicting information. How to introduce the first complementary foods correctly, and what age is optimal for this?

Several decades ago, it was believed that the first complementary foods for babies who feed exclusively on breast milk should be introduced at three months. But today this scheme is recognized not only as incorrect, but also dangerous for the health of the child.

In the body of an infant who has not yet reached the age of six months, there are no enzymes necessary for the digestion of new food, so "adult" foods create a strong load on his digestive tract.

In addition, up to six months the child is quite enough useful substances and vitamins that he receives from mother's milk, that is, the earlier introduction of complementary foods simply does not make sense. Such measures are appropriate only for medical reasons - for example, in cases where the child is not gaining enough weight. True, introducing complementary foods too late is also not recommended, since at 7-8 months the baby can already perceive unfamiliar food much worse.

To get acquainted with new food, the child must have a sufficiently formed nervous system for this, as well as some skills and reflexes.

There are a number of signs by which you can determine his readiness for the introduction of the first complementary foods.

1. The child has the first chewing movements, the force of sucking increases, and the gag reflex moves from the middle of the tongue to its root.
2. Having completely emptied the mother's breast, the baby continues to show signs of hunger.
3. Demonstration of interest in adult food and the first attempts to try something from the plates of parents.
4. When a mother tries to offer a new product to a child, he does not try to push the spoon away.
5. The baby can sit in one place for a long time and take food with his hands.

If a baby has at least three of the five above signs, then his body is quite ready to get acquainted with new dishes.

In order not to harm the baby when introducing complementary foods, the mother must follow several important rules:

• new products are introduced into the child's menu no more than once every 7-10 days;
• it is impossible to acquaint a child for the first time immediately before or after vaccinations, with a change in climate, after illness, during teething, etc.;
• food should be given to the baby when he is hungry, and in no case should he be forced to eat what is offered;
• initially, all complementary foods (for example, vegetable purees) should be prepared from one vegetable: you can mix different vegetables or cereals only when the child has already tried each of them separately;
• complementary foods should not be a reason to stop breastfeeding - it is intended not to replace mother's milk, but to supplement it.

Where to begin?

There are two options for the introduction of the first complementary foods, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. The first is a more modern and radical variant, which is called infant food, as well as the traditional scheme, that is, the introduction of special baby food (purchased or prepared by oneself) into the diet. The choice of the most optimal scheme, of course, is up to the mother.

Peculiarities of feeding

The main principle of infant feeding is to acquaint the baby with the food familiar to his family, so that he can quickly “get involved” in the diet. Of course, this does not mean that six months old babies should immediately start feeding fried and fatty adult foods. You need to start feeding with tiny (no more than a quarter of a teaspoon) portions of boiled or steamed foods, which should be prepared accordingly: chop or grind.

The list of products that may be included in the food supplement includes:

• boiled meat and fish;
• dairy products;
• boiled and steam vegetables;
• fruits;
• cereals and side dishes (peas, potatoes, beans, etc.).

At first, the baby only gets acquainted with the taste and texture of the new food, after which its quantity begins to gradually increase. This complementary feeding scheme gives children the opportunity to develop communication skills, fine motor skills and coordination, and also forms the basis proper nutrition for the rest of my life.

Complementary baby food

The first products that are recommended to be introduced into the baby's diet are white vegetables (cauliflower) or green vegetables (zucchini, broccoli), as they rarely cause food allergies. Then pumpkin and carrots are added to them, and the latter is given to the child no more than 2-3 times a week, along with other vegetables, otherwise yellow-orange spots may appear on his feet and palms. An exception to this rule is children with insufficient weight gain - in this case, complementary foods begin with gluten-free cereals.

It is not recommended to start complementary foods with fruit juices or fresh fruits - they have a sweet taste, which is why the child immediately begins to develop cravings for sweets, and in addition, they can irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing digestive disorders.

There is a special scheme for the introduction of new products, compiled by WHO experts, which is recommended for all lactating women.

When introducing complementary foods, the crumbs immediately need to start their own dishes: a plate and a spoon. A special spoon can be purchased at the pharmacy - it can be silicone or plastic (some mothers use silver spoons).

It is unacceptable to feed children from a bottle, even if the manufacturer indicates that it is designed specifically for such purposes. Acquaintance with the pacifier is the first step to giving up maternal breast and the formation of unhealthy eating habits.

When introducing a child to new products, it is very important to monitor the reaction of his body - for this it is recommended to keep a special diary in which the mother will write down each of them (time of introduction, quantity, etc.). If your baby suddenly develops a food allergy, constipation or other digestive problems, it will be very easy to identify the “culprit” with the help of records. The product that caused such a reaction should be excluded from the diet for at least a month.

It is very important to remember that with the introduction of complementary foods, the nature of the stool in a child will change in any case. Vegetables contain fiber, so they can loosen the stool slightly (which is why they are especially recommended for children prone to constipation). different fruits also act on the digestive system in different ways: more watery fruits (for example, kiwi, apples, apricots) have a laxative effect, and denser ones (bananas, pears), on the contrary, fix them.

The first feeding activates the work of the liver and the enzymatic system, due to which the stool may acquire a greenish tint or mucus inclusions and undigested pieces of food will appear in it. If the child feels normal, such phenomena should not frighten parents - after the stomach learns to “work” with unfamiliar foods, the stool immediately returns to normal (usually this happens within about a week).

The introduction of new products should not be rushed, otherwise the child may refuse complementary foods altogether - in order for the baby to be completely accustomed to a particular dish, he must try it at least 10 times. With a categorical refusal of a particular product, you can go a little trick - add a little breast milk to the puree or porridge. Feeling the familiar taste, the baby will eat the offered with pleasure.

Purees and cereals for the first feeding can be bought in specialized stores or prepared independently. To do this, you need to take vegetables, rinse them well in boiled water, if necessary, peel and seeds, finely chop, then boil or cook in a double boiler (the second option is preferable, since steaming retains more nutrients). Grind the boiled vegetables with a blender with the addition of a small amount of broth or water.

The consistency of the product should be liquid, reminiscent of kefir. When the baby grows up a little, you can give him a thicker puree, and closer to 10-11 months, vegetables should simply be kneaded with a fork so that the child learns to chew. It is impossible to store ready-made meals for complementary foods - each time you need to prepare a fresh portion.

To prepare porridge for the first feeding, you need to rinse and dry the cereal well, then grind it in a coffee grinder and brew it with boiling water (you can add a little breast milk). In no case should a child be forced to eat everything without a trace - the main goal of complementary foods is not to feed the baby, but to familiarize his body with adult foods, to form the right eating behavior and skills that will be needed in the future.

Video - first feeding

Complementary foods are foods given to infants when they reach a certain age and physiological norms. Such food is designed to supplement mother's milk or an artificial mixture, whose composition and calorie content can no longer satisfy the increased needs of the baby.

Since the foundations of the future lifestyle and health of the child are laid in the first 12 months, each parent needs to imagine at what age it is better to start feeding babies, how to properly introduce complementary foods and what kind of food should be given each month.

The question of how many months you can feed a child worries every newly-made parent. But there is still no clear answer, there are only recommendations.

It should be realized that the “symptom” of children’s readiness cannot be only age, several factors must be taken into account. important features child development, For example:

The complex of all signs of readiness is manifested in different children at his age. As a rule, the introduction of complementary foods occurs in the interval from 5 to 8 months (everything is individual).

At breastfeeding When the child's needs for the main nutrients are fully satisfied with milk, it is not worth rushing to introduce complementary feeding. Formula-fed babies are given complementary foods at 5 months.

What are the dangers of early feeding?

Parents should understand that it is better to be a little late with complementary feeding than to introduce it prematurely.

For example, feeding at 4 months is fraught with not the most favorable reactions from digestive tract not yet ready to accept new products.

Too much early start feeding leads to the following problems:

1. Due to the lack of necessary digestive enzymes, abdominal pain, intestinal colic, regurgitation, and stool disorders may occur. That is, complementary foods from 4 months will be in best case useless, because the products are not digested.
2. Another grave consequence- allergic conditions, the cause of which is the increased permeability of the intestinal walls for allergic particles and the immaturity of the child's defense system. At the same time, the immunity of babies suffers, as a result of which they get sick more often and for a longer time.
3. Complementary foods at 4 months and earlier can even pose some danger to the baby if he still does not know how to swallow food that is thicker than milk or formula. An undeveloped swallowing reflex can lead to vomiting, loss of interest in food.
4. The increased load experienced by immature internal organs (liver, kidneys and digestive tract organs) can result in their chronic diseases.

Another probable consequence- The introduction of complementary foods before 6 months of age leads to a reduction in breastfeeding, resulting in the possibility of cessation of lactation.

Of course, this rule does not work if the baby is.

Thus, it is better to start complementary foods at right age and only after the approval of the doctor who observes the baby.

So that the first feeding of the baby goes without "accidents" and leaves the mother and child only pleasant experience, it is worth knowing the rules for the introduction of complementary foods.

They look like this:

1. You need to give a new product to a child who is absolutely healthy and in a good mood. You should not start acquaintance with complementary foods if the children were vaccinated.
2. The first complementary foods should be one-component, that is, consist of only one dish. If the baby is used to a new product, they give the next one and so on. Last but not least, cereals with fruit additives, vegetable mixtures with a meat component should be given.
3. Be sure to check the ingredients list before buying any commercial food to avoid products that include highly allergenic ingredients.
4. It is imperative to feed the baby with an unfamiliar product in the morning in order to track the response of the child's body. During the day, the mother needs to pay attention to the condition of the skin, feces and general activity.
5. Offer new foods when the baby is hungry, and then supplement with breast milk (if breast-fed) or formula (if formula-fed).
6. The optimal amount of complementary feeding is half a teaspoon (or 3-5 grams), gradually the volume of complementary foods increases to age indicators.
7. Do not refuse the product, even if the child brushed it off once. To get used to a new taste, you need to taste it well. This should be done at intervals of 3 days. If the little one continues to refuse the dish, do not insist, but replace the product with a similar one (rice for buckwheat, pear puree for apple).
8. Follow temperature regime. This should be done to avoid burns of the oral mucosa (the dish should be warm, not hot).
9. Make sure that the dish is homogeneous (homogeneous). Lumps cause difficulty in swallowing and rejection of the product in the child.
10. Refuse to feed your baby directly from an industrial container. Food is laid out on a plate, otherwise saliva will fall into a jar, as a result of which the dish will become unsuitable for further storage.
11. It is necessary to give the next dish only after the kids are completely used to the previous one. Usually the time period is about 2 weeks.
12. Combine multiple products. For example, you should not give two liquid (milk and juice) or two thicker (mashed potatoes and porridge) dishes at one meal.

Children need to be fed very carefully and with great patience. It will take a long time for a baby to learn to swallow foods that are thicker than breast milk or formula. That is why you should not be nervous and worried if something does not go the way you would like.

Baby's first foods

The first complementary foods should include foods that have a neutral taste. This is necessary so that the bright aftertaste does not make the baby reject new food or, on the contrary, exclude the preference of one dish for everyone else.

That is why, for example, experts do not advise introducing sweet and aromatic juices or fruit purees into the first complementary foods. Of course, they are much more attractive than zucchini or meat products, which is why it is necessary in early age eliminate the formation of incorrect taste preferences.

It doesn’t matter at what age you start introducing new foods - complementary foods at 5 months with artificial feeding follow the same principles as feeding from six months with breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding table by month

This table is for informational purposes only. It should be understood that the amount of complementary foods will depend on the type of food.

With natural feeding, milk remains the main product, and with formula feeding, the main “dish” is the mixture.

In addition, the table also shows how the consistency of complementary foods changes. After six months, the baby's chewing power grows, so he can eat various purees (vegetable, fruit). After 7 months, when chewing skills are more perfect, they give mashed, chopped dishes.

And only after 12 months, the babies have a stable work of the jaws, at the same age, chewing becomes more adult. Usually, at the age of one, the baby is transferred to the family table with some reservations.

WHO advises introducing vegetables into the first complementary foods, but if babies are underweight, it is better to give cereals. We will focus on the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

Experts advise the following order of vegetable feeding:

First of all, you should mash hypoallergenic vegetables. Pumpkin and carrot dishes are among the latest to be introduced, as babies often have allergic reactions.

Once again, you need to start with one-component dishes. Mixing different vegetables is possible, but when the child enjoys them separately, and you note the absence of allergic reactions. The novelty is given only to a hungry baby.

How to make a vegetable dish yourself? Very simple. Zucchini or broccoli should be washed under running water, peeled and seeds removed.

To understand how to introduce complementary foods in six months, you need to consider an example - the vegetable introduction table will show all the nuances of proper feeding babies.

Vegetable Introduction Table

The table shows that the "introduction" of the three fruits in children's menu will take approximately 21 days. It is necessary to bring each dish up to age indicators carefully, since the indicated grams do not mean that the child must be forced to eat everything to the end.

Feeding at 7 months

Another option for both the second and the first feeding is porridge. It must be remembered that cereals must be gluten-free. Also, you can’t cook porridge with cow or goat milk, since the bodies of children under one year old are not able to absorb this heavy product.

If the child refuses to eat dairy-free porridge, add a little of your own milk or formula to it. This will help the baby get used to the new product sooner.

Gluten-free cereals include rice, corn and buckwheat. Such an assortment will satisfy the needs of a small gourmet. Cereals containing gluten can cause severe pathological conditions of the intestine.

In pharmacy chains and specialized departments of supermarkets, you can buy the most suitable porridge for babies. Some moms are afraid to buy them, but their fears are unfounded.

Made in industrial environment absolutely safe and enriched with all useful components.

You need to give cereals according to the scheme proposed in the table above. When feeding them, you need to monitor the condition of the child: does the stomach hurt, is the bowel movement disturbed, is there a rash on the skin. It is impossible to combine different cereals!

At this age, the introduction of complementary foods becomes more diverse. The kid is growing up, which means that he is already allowed to eat more difficult dishes for the children's stomach:

Potatoes are introduced later than other fruits, since they are hyperallergenic vegetables. The mother should give the child 5 grams first, and by the seventh day bring the volume to 50 grams. Potatoes should not exceed a third of all vegetables in the children's diet.

It is better to feed an eight-month-old baby with quail yolk, since it rarely becomes a source of allergies. This product is given twice a week. And for the first time, you should pour a pinch on a spoon, the next time - half a quail or a quarter of a chicken yolk.

In the next 7 days, a whole quail or half an ordinary yolk is given. Important Rule- you need to feed the baby with this product in the morning, rubbing it with milk or adding it to the porridge.

The most - turkey and rabbit. It is from them that mashed potatoes are prepared, then veal, beef meat and chicken meat are given.

Pork meat should not be given to a child under a year old at all. Meat purees should be introduced at lunchtime, the volume is a teaspoon.

Good to know! If you want to make your own puree of meat, make clean minced meat, form small meatballs. Boil them in boiling water for 6 minutes, then freeze. You need to get them out of the freezer and boil them in a double boiler with vegetables, after which this mixture is crushed and given to the child. This method prevents the meatballs from sticking together.

In that age period children are introduced to fermented milk products, and they are introduced very carefully. Of course, you can’t feed babies with cottage cheese, which is sold in packs, especially with various additives.

For a child, a special infant cottage cheese is suitable - for example, "Agusha", "Tyoma". The purchased dish should not contain sugar, fruit pieces.

First, a teaspoon is given, then gradually adjusted to 30 grams per day. For babies of this age - the optimal dose.

Kefir is given in the amount of 1-2 teaspoons. Of course, this drink must also be for the baby, for which the mother should choose a product without fruits, sugars and flavorings. Then the volume is brought to 150 milliliters. It is best to offer kefir and cottage cheese in the evening.

Important! Not every child has a positive attitude towards kefir and cottage cheese, but you should not sweeten the dish. Wait 2-3 weeks and offer the product again. Some babies do not like “sour milk” at all, but they develop and grow up quite normally.

Feeding a 10 month old baby

At 10 months, the baby is pampered with desserts in the form of sweet fruits. The most useful are fruits that grow in close proximity. Exotic fruits are saved for later.

First of all, mashed apples, pears or prunes are given. By this age, many children acquire teeth, as a result of which they are already able to crack fruit slices. Fruits are introduced from a small volume - about 5 grams of puree or a small slice. The daily "dose" is approximately 100 grams of the product.

Some mothers will be surprised when they read that healthy fruits given so late. There are many opinions on this subject, but experts are sure that with natural feeding there are enough vitamins in mother's milk, and for artificial babies they make mixtures enriched with vitamin complexes.

Thus, the fruits are not such a significant source vitamin complexes, the most important elements for the baby - protein and fat ingredients. In addition, sweet apples contain a variety of fruit acids, irritating mucous membranes of the mouth.

Another introduced product is fish. It should not be much, and it must be low-fat and low-allergenic - for example, hake, cod or pollock. Experts recommend giving your child a "fish day" when this dish replaces mashed meats. Of course, the initial portion is minimal - less than half a teaspoon.

At this age, the baby is fed homemade soups with fresh herbs. Undoubtedly, perfect option- borscht without frying with sour cream (now it is allowed). Green sprigs of dill or parsley should be grown in your own garden or in a pot on the window.

Bread spread with a piece of butter is ideal for a growing body.

At the end of 12 months, the child can also eat gluten cereals - barley, oatmeal and millet. However, they should be administered carefully to avoid negative reactions.

One-year-old children can already eat many dishes from the parent's table, but you need to forget about some of your favorite delicacies that some "unconscious" mothers and grandmothers love to feed babies:

Feeding problems and mother's fears

Quite often, the start of complementary foods is accompanied by the occurrence of constipation, diarrhea, allergies, pain in the abdomen, causing the child to worry and cry.

If the baby reacted outside the box to the appearance of an unknown product in his diet, you should not completely refuse the dish.

Forget about it for 4-8 weeks, and then reintroduce it into the diet, carefully monitoring the well-being of the baby. The second time the product should be administered as slowly as at the very beginning.

Another common difficulty that often arises when weaning begins is that the child refuses the offered food. You should not insist, because the baby himself understands what he wants to eat and what foods cause discomfort.

In addition, a certain difficulty arises if you need to make a choice - cook yourself or buy ready-made meals. Some parents are categorically against purchased products for babies, others are confident in the quality of store-bought complementary foods.

Experts believe that everyone is right, since cooking at home is much more profitable, especially for an older child who can eat almost any dish. However, food in jars is no worse, it is only important to adhere to the following rules:

• do not pay attention to the timing of the introduction of products indicated on the jars, be guided by age standards;
• choose the freshest products, making sure that they are not expired;
• a children's dish should not contain various non-natural additives, flavors, flavor enhancers, ideal nutrition - containing minimal amount ingredients.

The correct introduction of complementary feeding and adherence to advice largely depends child health. However, it is important for parents to understand that all the recommendations described are approximate.

To say exactly how many months you can feed a child, only a local pediatrician can. And the joint efforts of the mother and the doctor will greatly facilitate the transition of the baby to adult food.

Hello, I'm Nadezhda Plotnikova. Having successfully studied at SUSU as a special psychologist, she devoted several years to working with children with developmental problems and advising parents on raising children. I apply the experience gained, among other things, in the creation of psychological articles. Of course, by no means do I pretend to be the ultimate truth, but I hope that my articles will help dear readers deal with any difficulties.

When to start breastfeeding

Complementary foods is the gradual introduction of juices from mashed potatoes or vegetables into the baby's diet. It can also be dairy products, meat, fish and cereals.

The child develops, but over time, he ceases to have enough mother's milk. Higher calorie intake required as new foods enrich the body nutrients- vitamins, proteins, minerals.

There is no consensus on when to introduce complementary foods to an infant. Previously, there was an opinion that children already with four months familiarity with new food is necessary. Now the majority of experts are inclined to believe that complementary foods should be started when the child is about six months old. The same age is recommended world organization healthcare.

You should not rush to introduce complementary foods to the baby. Medical research indicates that the body of a child under four months is not ready to digest adult food. If new foods are introduced into the child's diet ahead of time, this can cause malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the development of allergies, atypical dermatitis and other problems.

However, if there are certain medical indications From the age of four months, new foods can be introduced into the child's diet. It all depends on the characteristics of the birth of the child and the type of feeding. If the baby was born prematurely or was bottle-fed, complementary foods should be introduced starting at four or four and a half months.

The issue of the first complementary foods always worries parents, since the introduction of new foods into the baby's diet is a rather important step that determines the entire process of further nutrition and the future health of the child.

Pediatricians do not advise rushing to introduce food that adults take into the child's diet. This is explained by digestive system the baby is still imperfect and cannot adequately respond to changes in diet. baby runs the risk of getting diarrhea or constipation, or an allergic reaction in the form of a rash, which subsequently develops into atopic dermatitis, which is quite difficult to treat.

During the first feeding baby at the age of four to six months it is necessary to use vegetables with a low content of allergens. It can be zucchini, cauliflower and broccoli. The child should be given them in crushed and boiled form. Not bad if the first time the chopping of vegetables will be done in a blender. In it, you can perfectly prepare mashed potatoes that do not contain lumps.

Only fresh vegetables should be used in the preparation of vegetable puree. They should be cooked for at least ten minutes. This time is quite enough for them to soften without losing their useful qualities.

Puree should not be salted or added to it with any spices, as this may contribute to the formation of incorrect taste ideas. Moreover, it will be better for the child to get acquainted with salt, sugar and all kinds of spices as late as possible.

What cereals to start breastfeeding with

Breast-fed children should be introduced to cereals from the age of seven months, if they were artificially fed - from five months. The choice of cereals for complementary foods should be made, I use the recommendations of the pediatrician, especially since we exist today big choice all kinds of cereals. For starters, instant, powdered cereals are best suited, since they were developed specifically for feeding children, and the complex composition took into account all the features and needs of the child's body. Hot water is necessary for breeding instant porridges that do not need to be boiled, and therefore retain all the vitamins that a child's body needs. Assimilation of instant porridges is easy and very complete, due to the fact that such porridges are produced using a special technology. It is important to note that such cereals contain vitamins, prebiotics and trace elements. In Western European countries, feeding with such cereals is common, starting from three years of age, moreover, the composition of such cereals for older children is very complex and the cereal is not particularly thoroughly crushed. The transfer of a child to home-made cereals of a coarser grinding should be done after he is one year old.

There are several basic principles for introducing porridge into complementary foods. It should be given before breastfeeding, you need to start with a small trial volume (10-15 grams or one teaspoon). During the week, the dosage should be increased to the age norm. You need to start with one porridge, say buckwheat, after the child adapts to it, you can move on to another. During the first week, one should reach the age norm, in the second week addiction occurs, in the third new porridge. At the same time, two porridges should not be given to the baby. At first, the porridge should be liquid, somewhat thicker than milk, as the child grows older, it should thicken.

What juice to start breastfeeding with

Usually complementary foods for babies begin with apple juice. If it is cooked on its own, you should use yellow sweet and sour for this, or green apples. There is an opinion that such apples are safe for children in terms of possible development allergic reaction organism and are also very useful. You can slightly warm the squeezed juice to soften its taste, and dilute it with boiled water in a ratio of one to one before use.

When to start breastfeeding breastfeeding

Since each child is unique in its own way, there should not be any temporary restrictions regarding complementary foods, since this can only harm the child. You can start complementary feeding of a child who was previously bottle-fed when he is sufficiently prepared for this. After the child has matured and fully formed his nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, it is quite possible to introduce complementary foods for him. This usually happens around 5-6 months of age.

Formula-fed babies should be introduced to complementary foods earlier than formula-fed babies. mother's milk. Some pediatricians believe similar method an anachronism and do not advise linking the type of feeding and the start of complementary foods.

If a child on artificial feeding, healthy and its development has no flaws, complementary foods can be introduced starting from the fifth month. This is done in order to familiarize the baby with a new type of food for him.