How to look after a newborn baby at home. Transient neurological symptoms. Scabs on the head
Caring for a newborn baby is very important, especially in the first days of his life, so parents must know how to swaddle, bathe and feed the baby.
There are several simple tips, which will help every mother to properly care for her child, while these rules should be followed not only at home, but also within the walls of the maternity hospital. Basic care rules can be given by a pediatrician or health visitor, but there are some nuances that every mother should know.
Basic principles
When organizing care for a newborn child, you will have to follow some rules that are especially relevant in the first days of a baby's life.
This should include:
- holding daily hygiene procedures;
- cleaning the room where the baby is located, as well as using only clean toys;
- in the child's room, wet cleaning should be carried out every day;
- when parents walk with the baby, the children's room should be ventilated;
- baby clothes should be changed several times a day, bed sheets they change every day;
- children's things should be washed with a special baby powder that does not cause an allergic reaction;
- after washing, things are rinsed well and ironed with steam;
- in the child's room do not have things that can collect dust, for example, Stuffed Toys or carpets;
- if there are pets in the house, the contact of the child with them in the first few months of the baby's life should be excluded.
Daily morning care
In the first days of life, it is very important to take care of a newborn baby correctly, so we must not forget about the procedures that are performed in the morning. Even such a baby needs to be washed, for this it is used cotton pad, it is dipped in boiled warm water, and then lightly wring out and wipe the face of the child.
Additional hygiene procedures should also be carried out, for this the same cotton pad and warm water are used:
Is a child life changing?
180 degrees
Even more radical
He decorates her
It all depends on his parents
The skin of the baby is very delicate, so it is easily irritated. The mother should examine the skin of the child daily in order to pay attention to the developing rash in time.
If redness is found, then the child should stay longer on fresh air without diapers and clothes, and in addition, cosmetics are used.
Basic procedures
In the first days of life and later, caring for a newborn baby includes several main points:
Treatment of the umbilical wound
It is easy to carry out such treatment, it is best to do it after bathing. Parents wash their hands and then wet cotton swab in hydrogen peroxide solution. Next, the wound is treated, and the peroxide residues are removed with a dry stick.
After that, you should take an antiseptic and lubricate the child's navel with a remedy.
Zelenka is usually used, but iodine solution can also be used. When processing, you should be more careful and not affect healthy areas of the skin.
With the advent of a long-awaited baby, many parents need information about proper care for him. Especially often there are questions from young mothers about caring for a newborn baby in the first month of life.
It is during this period that the baby needs the most attentive attitude towards himself. New member family is still completely helpless and completely dependent on others. Everyday careful care, walks and cleanliness will guarantee it. full development and good health.
Proper care is very important in the first days of a baby's life. Particular attention should be paid to the skin of the baby. To reliably protect it from harmful bacteria, it must always be clean and healthy. The skin is an indicator of changes and the state of everything child's body.
Newborn care in the first month of life includes:
- morning toilet;
- washing, bathing and massage;
- properly organized sleep;
- daily walks and maintenance of cleanliness in the children's room.
Such simple actions require the most scrupulous approach from parents. They must keep the tiny little man healthy, because he has a long and interesting life ahead of him.
Baby's morning toilet
The regimen of a newborn in the first month of life will not do without a regular morning toilet. Every day the baby must begin with water procedures. Washing will be the first experience of accustoming to cleanliness and hygiene. This procedure is conveniently carried out using cotton pads and boiled water. In order for washing to go without difficulty, it should be started after feeding. First you need to clean the eyes, and then the entire face of the baby. Children's nose definitely needs attention. It can be cleaned with special children's cotton swabs lubricated with vaseline oil. Next, the newborn needs to clean the ears, using a damp cotton pad, it is necessary to wipe the auricles and folds behind the ears. Then the neck, armpits, elbows and knees, palms and places between the fingers are washed.
After washing the skin folds of the baby, it is necessary to lubricate them with oil or baby cream. It is important to fully care for these places, otherwise they will soon turn red and may become inflamed. To carry out the toilet with the help of wet wipes is possible only in last resort, for example, if there is no access to water, but by no means daily.
Often occurring thrush will require parents to clean the mouth and tongue of the baby every day soda solution. To do this, you need to dissolve a spoonful of baking soda in a glass of boiled water. Processing is carried out up to 3 times a day with cotton swabs or swabs.
Treatment of the umbilical wound of the baby
After returning from the maternity ward, the treatment of the umbilical wound of the newborn should continue until the dry residue disappears completely. The procedure is carried out no more than 3 times a day. It is important to stock up on cotton swabs, hydrogen peroxide and brilliant green in advance. The first step is to treat the wound with peroxide, and then carefully grease with brilliant green. If it does not heal well and oozes, it is necessary to notify the local pediatrician. In this case, the baby may need to prescribe certain medications.
Washing a baby
Babies need to be washed every day. It is especially important to do this after each act of defecation. It is necessary to choose a quality detergent, which will not dry and irritate the most delicate baby skin. We must not forget about the use of boiled water during care. After washing, the folds must be treated with baby cream, powder or vaseline oil.
Features of washing babies of both sexes have some differences. The structure of the female genitalia greatly contributes to the penetration of bacteria. Therefore, the care of the girl must be carried out especially carefully. Washing must be carried out necessarily in the direction from the genitals to the anus. So you can significantly reduce the penetration and development of infection.
Caring for boys is somewhat easier, you can wash them in different directions. The most important thing is not to neglect children's hygiene and wash as often as possible. It is especially good to wash the area under the testicles and anal area. In no case should parents push back the foreskin of an infant unless absolutely necessary. Such manipulations can cause him harm and significant discomfort.
Bathing children in comfort
The first successful acquaintance of the baby with water is very important. From happy start depends on the further attitude of the child to water procedures. Therefore, it must be carried out in the most comfortable conditions.
Bathing is carried out daily. The first bathing of the baby can be arranged after discharge from the maternity hospital. In the arsenal of parents must be:
- baby bath;
- water thermometer;
- potassium permanganate;
- baby towel;
- baby cream, powder and vaseline oil;
- means for treating the umbilical wound;
- cotton buds;
- light hat and socks;
- diapers.
Until the umbilical wound heals, it is important to use exclusively boiled water. The baby bath must be well washed and the water temperature must not exceed 37 °C. A little potassium permanganate must be added to the water. As a result, it should acquire a pale pink hue.
The first bath of a newborn should last no more than 5 minutes. The bath should have a slide or a baby towel folded several times. It is important to ensure that water does not get into the mouth and ears of the child. Then, with leisurely movements, you need to wash all parts of the body, making sure that the water does not have time to cool. The baby's head is washed last. After completing the water procedures, the little one must be thoroughly wiped with a towel.
The next step is to put the crumbs on a dry surface and cover with a pre-warmed diaper. You must wear a hat on your head complete drying hair. After completing the water procedures, it is important not to forget to treat the umbilical wound and apply baby cream to the skin. After all the manipulations, the baby is swaddled or dressed in clothes that are comfortable for a night's sleep.
In the future, decoctions of chamomile or can be added to the water. Gradually increase the time of the procedure, bringing its duration to an average of 15 minutes. Baby bath products can be used no more than once a week.
Evening water procedures become a guarantee of good sound sleep babies, if carried out before the last daily feeding. The sweet sniffing of the baby in the crib will be an indicator that the parents did everything right.
Sweet sleep as an indicator of a child's health
Parents should definitely know how much newborns sleep in the first month of life. A newly born baby mostly spends time in a dream.
- The average daily sleep period is 18-20 hours.
- Until the age of one, the baby should not sleep on soft surfaces, pediatricians and orthopedists recommend using hard orthopedic mattresses. This will help avoid proper development spine.
- The laying process should not begin immediately after feeding. It is better to start it a little later. A quiet lullaby of mother's song and a light massage will relax and relieve the fatigue accumulated during the day.
- For a quiet quick fall asleep, you need fresh air in the room, the absence of noise and bright irritating light. best posture for infants during daily sleep is the position on the right side.
Useful and pleasant massage is the key to the proper development of the baby
Massage refers to important points care in the first month of a newborn's life. The development of the baby implies its mandatory implementation. Such a procedure will bring joy to both the baby and his parents. The best time for a massage will be in the evening after swimming. For a comfortable glide of hands on the surface of the baby's skin, suitable baby oil or cream. They will also help take care of your baby's skin.
Massage movements are done with warm, clean hands. The process consists of gentle rubbing, stroking and patting. You can combine massage with light gymnastics for little hands and feet. As a result, the whole procedure will take no more than 5-7 minutes.
Walking in the fresh air and cleanliness in the house
Properly organized walks are extremely useful for newborns, they help strengthen the child's body and saturate the blood with oxygen. It is important to start walking immediately after returning home from the maternity ward. In some cases, the pediatrician may postpone walks and determine other dates for their start.
The first experience of going outdoors can be acquired in the hands of parents. The initial period of the baby being in the fresh air is about 15 minutes. Then the duration of the walk is increased to 2 hours, adding another 10 minutes to it each time.
It is undesirable to take the baby out into the street in bad weather. When the air temperature is low, it is very important to dress him warmly. At the same time, do not overheat the baby during a walk. The easiest way to check if he is cold is to feel his nose. If it is cold, then the little one is not dressed warmly enough. If warm - everything is fine and there is no cause for concern.
Prosperous home conditions are no less important for a child than regular walks. His room should not be cold or too hot. This environment will not help restful sleep baby. The best is considered room temperature about 24 degrees. Daily airing of the room must be carried out necessarily in the absence of crumbs and for at least 20 minutes. In the children's room there is no place for dust and dirt, it is necessary to organize regular cleaning of all types.
Individual first aid kit for babies
First aid kit for a newborn
In addition to all the above key points the parents of the baby should take care of the presence of a first-aid kit in the house. It traditionally includes:
- hydrogen peroxide and brilliant green;
- powder or solution of manganese;
- cotton pads and sticks;
- baby powder and cream;
- thermometers for body and water;
- antipyretics for infants;
- anti-colic drugs;
- wet wipes;
- small pipette and enema
Compliance with the daily routine of a newborn in the first month of life depends entirely on the mood of his family. All parents can easily master the basic rules for handling babies. Seeming at first difficult and unusual, they will soon become the norm of life and help create for the child the conditions he needs for growth and proper development.
The first days of a baby after birth are a kind of testing stage for new parents and for the newborn himself. The kid has radically changed his habitat, light and sound accompaniment, nutrition, type of breathing and blood circulation, etc.
Now we need to adapt to all these changes as quickly as possible. The task of adaptation to new living conditions is in the first days of the newborn.
In the first days, the staff of the maternity hospital actively helps the mother in caring for the newborn. But at home, young parents can be confused by the variety of new responsibilities and often conflicting advice that is generously handed out by surrounding relatives and not only.
This article is for those who want to hear the opinion of a specialist and an experienced parent, formulated in plain language, clearly and concisely.
What can mothers face in the first days after the birth of a baby in the hospital?
We repeat once again that in the first seven days the child passes early period adaptation. Adaptation to new waterless conditions. Now the baby does not have to maintain a constant body temperature from the outside, uninterrupted power supply through the umbilical cord, the usual beating of a mother's heart nearby.
Immediately after delivery, your baby is taken to be examined by a neonatologist, to be processed, changed and weighed. Then the baby will be brought to you and placed on your breast.
Early attachment to the mother's breast is both skin-to-skin contact between mother and child and the beginning of an invisible emotional bond between mother and newborn. This is the baby's immunity, which is triggered by antibodies and immune cells contained in colostrum. This is the settlement of the first microflora in the baby's intestines.
Don't worry about feeding. Even if the baby literally eats two drops of colostrum or licks them off the nipple. He doesn't need much right now. A nourishing colostrum able to meet all the needs of the crumbs on this moment.
The next two hours the puerperal will spend in the maternity ward under the supervision of doctors. Further stay of mother and baby can be joint or separate.
At joint stay the baby's bed is next to the mother's bed, and they are constantly nearby. At separation most of the time the child is in the children's department of the maternity hospital. They bring it to mom for feeding.
Experts recommend a joint mode of stay after childbirth. It's good for both mom and baby. For mom, this contributes to the rapid establishment of lactation and uterine contraction. It is more physiological for the baby to be in close relationship with the mother, as before.
If everything is in order with mom and baby, there is little time after childbirth before meeting and getting to know your baby. As a rule, in a few days of staying in the maternity hospital, mothers have time to enjoy the moments of acquaintance and communication with the baby, feeding.
But there is different situations when cohabitation is impossible or undesirable due to the peculiarities of the condition of the mother or child after childbirth.
It is worth dwelling separately on the states of a newborn, which parents, especially mothers, can scare in the early days. Especially when mom and baby are together.
Moreover, in some cases, mommy will be ashamed to ask a doctor about this. And sometimes, to be honest, the doctor will not be able or will not want to explain to the mother in detail and in an accessible way the features of her situation with the child. And this will even more excite and frighten parents.
Borderline or transient conditions of newborns are temporary symptoms that occur in connection with the adaptation of a small organism. These conditions do not require special treatment. As a rule, by the end of the neonatal period, that is, by the 28th day of the baby's life, everything passes without a trace.
These include:
1. Physiological weight loss
The body weight of the baby decreases due to the restructuring of the baby to a new type of nutrition. When leaving the aquatic environment "on land", there is a kind of shortage of milk and water in the first day. Also, the baby passes the original feces (meconium), the rest of the umbilical cord dries up.
To make up for energy costs, in the first days, the body of a newborn uses its own depot of special brown fat, which is concentrated in the neck, kidneys, and upper back. Loss of body weight should not exceed 6-10% of the original weight at birth.
After 3-4 days of life, the baby begins to gain weight (from 10 to 50 g per day). By the 12th day healthy baby must regain the lost weight.
2. Toxic erythema
Occurs more often 3-5 days after birth. It is a pink spotted rash with yellow seals in the center. Rash elements may be different size: from pinpoint to centimeter, do not itch.
The rash appears most often on the chest, face, on the extensor surfaces of large joints and around them (elbow, shoulder, knee). At the same time, nothing bothers the baby, his well-being does not suffer.
This condition occurs due to the penetration into the blood of toxins of microorganisms that the baby has encountered during this time. These include even opportunistic bacteria that inhabited the baby's intestines in the first days of life.
As a rule, toxic erythema is more common in babies who have a hereditary predisposition to allergies.
This condition usually does not require treatment. With a pronounced process, it is recommended to increase drinking regimen baby and sometimes prescribe antihistamines (antiallergic) drugs. Normally, the rash disappears in 2-3 days.
3. Other transient skin manifestations
- The bright red color of the skin of a newborn is a kind of reaction to irritants (removal of generic lubrication, dry air, unusual low temperature environment).
- Large-lamellar peeling of the skin in newborns is observed due to a change in habitat and excessive evaporation of moisture from the skin. It manifests itself in almost all parts of the body, but is more pronounced on the abdomen, shins and feet.
- Milia - small dots white color on the back and wings of the nose, on the chin of a newborn. This condition is caused by blockage sebaceous glands. By the 2-3rd week of life, the ducts of the sebaceous glands open, and the milia gradually pass.
- Increased pigmentation (darkening) of the skin around the nipples and scrotum in boys is a manifestation of hormonal changes in the baby's body. These rearrangements are associated with a massive release of female sex hormones during childbirth in the mother. dark coloration skin disappears without any treatment by the 3rd week of the baby's life.
- Telangiectasias are spots raspberry color in the occipital fossa, on the forehead and in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nose of the baby. They are an extended network of capillaries ( spider veins). In the people, this manifestation was called the "mark of the stork." Telangiectasias gradually fade and disappear by the year.
4. Sexual (hormonal) crisis
The reason for this condition is high level female sex hormones in last days pregnancy and at the time of childbirth and their impact on the body of the newborn.
This appears:
- engorgement of the mammary glands, their increase and compaction for 3-5 days. Sometimes even a light sticky secret (colostrum) is secreted from the gland. Within a week, everything passes without any treatment;
- an increase due to their swelling of the large and small labia, the clitoris in girls, the scrotum in boys;
- the release of an abundant mucous secretion of a grayish-whitish color from the genital slit in 60-70% of girls. Sometimes there is a bloody discharge (metrorrhagia). They usually disappear after a few days.
5. Physiological jaundice
Icteric staining of the skin, sclera and mucous membranes appears on the 2nd-3rd day of the baby's life. The color intensity reaches a maximum on the 4-6th day, and disappears by the 7-10th day. At the same time, the baby feels good.
The cause of this condition is the decay a large number fetal (fetal) hemoglobin of erythrocytes (red blood cells) of a newborn. This is a natural process of replacing fetal hemoglobin with new "adult" hemoglobin. In this case, the breakdown product of red blood cells, free bilirubin, is released into the blood, which must be utilized by the liver.
But the low enzymatic activity of the immature liver of a newborn does not allow this to be done in short time. The level of bilirubin in the blood of a newborn ranges from 26-34 to 130-170 µmol/l.
Premature babies are more likely to develop this condition and last longer. Also, the manifestations of jaundice are more pronounced in babies who started breastfeeding late or with a lack of milk from their mother.
It is necessary to strictly monitor the time of appearance and increase in the intensity of icteric coloration of the skin, since jaundice cannot be physiological. For example, with a Rh-conflict of the blood of a mother and a baby, when the mother has Rh-negative blood, and the baby has Rh-positive.
6. Transient violations of thermoregulation (hyperthermia and hypothermia)
Immediately after birth, a decrease in body temperature of the newborn occurs as a compensatory response to a lower ambient temperature, to the evaporation of moisture from the skin.
Therefore, to prevent even greater heat loss in the delivery rooms, the temperature is maintained at least 24 ° C, the newborn is placed on a heated table for examination, then wrapped in warm diapers. During the first day of life, the child's temperature is within the normal range.
By the 3-5th day of a baby's life, his body temperature may rise to 38.5 ° C. The reason for everything is the immaturity of the centers of thermoregulation of the brain of a newborn, adaptation to dry air with a variable temperature. The child bears large losses of fluid with respiration. In addition, the mother has a small amount of milk in the first days of lactation.
7. Transient neurological symptoms
Periodic flinching, intermittent strabismus, slight trembling of the chin when screaming, difference muscle tone from the left and right side, inconstancy of muscle tone and reflexes, painful crying or screaming - all this is considered the norm in the first weeks of a baby's life.
The immaturity of the brain of a newborn is to blame. In addition, at the time of birth, the baby experiences an acute lack of oxygen.
There is a so-called failure of the equilibrium of the processes of excitation and inhibition in nervous system crumbs. Therefore, he needs time to rebuild and learn to perceive such a large flow of information (sound, light, tactile sensations).
8. Transient disorders of the kidneys
- Neonatal oliguria - in the first three days, urine output is less than 15 ml per kg of the child's weight per day. So the baby's body adapts to new conditions, where the flow of fluid due to unsteady nutrition is limited and there are fluid losses with breathing.
- The appearance of protein in the urine of a newborn in the first days of life is considered the norm. This fact indicates the activation of the function of the glomeruli of the kidneys. And, like many systems, the filtration system of the renal glomeruli and tubules in the newborn is still imperfect. Therefore, the epithelium of the renal glomeruli has increased permeability, which leads to protein loss.
- Uric acid infarction is the deposition of uric acid crystals in the lumen of the collecting ducts of the kidneys. This condition occurs in every sixth newborn.
Since the decay product of many cells, for example, blood cells, is uric acid, its excess does not have time to utilize the kidneys of a newly born baby.
In the analysis of urine, uric acid, epithelium, hyaline casts, leukocytes appear. At the same time, brick-yellowish spots from urine appear on the diaper or diaper.
9. Transient disorder of the stool of the newborn (dyspepsia)
It will take time for a newly born baby to gastrointestinal tract rebuilt to a different type of nutrition, populated with beneficial microflora. This process of adaptation in almost every baby proceeds through the stages below:
- For the first 2 days, the baby passes the original feces in meager portions (thick, tarry meconium).
- From the 3rd to the 7th day, a transitional stool appears. This is a frequent (up to 10-15 per day), non-homogeneous stool both in consistency and in color. There are impurities of mucus, lumps, a liquid component in it, which manifests itself as a spot of water on a diaper around the feces. The color of the feces gradually changes from dark olive to yellow.
- After 7-8 days the stool returns to normal. At breastfeeding the stool is a yellow, thick, homogeneous slurry without an admixture of greenery. Whitish lumps (curdled breast milk) may appear in a small amount.
When feeding with an adapted mixture, the stool in children is denser, with a sharper odor.
10. Transient immunodeficiency
A newly born baby has a transient decrease in immune forces. The immune system is the body's defenses.
The reason for this is the stress experienced during childbirth, hormonal changes at the time of birth, the change of sterile conditions to an active attack of foreign microorganisms, unsteady nutrition in the first days of life, and so on.
Most dangerous period in terms of infection, these are the first three days. Therefore, it is so important to observe sterile conditions for newborns in maternity hospitals.
All of the above manifestations disappear on their own and do not require specific treatment. Therefore, you should not be afraid of them, but it is very important to monitor the dynamics of such symptoms in order to seek help from specialists in time.
Obviously, it is much calmer and better if mommy knows about the possibility of developing such conditions in advance.
The first days of a newborn at home
Now let's talk about the first days of the baby already at home. More precisely, what difficulties do parents face in caring for a baby, being left alone with him.
After all, almost all hygiene procedures in the maternity hospital were performed by the medical staff, and at home, mommy can be confused from a lack of experience in these matters.
Morning toilet (washing, nose toilet, rinsing)
After waking up, the baby needs to be washed. To do this, take a few cotton balls and moisten them with warm boiled water. Wipe baby's eyes with slightly damp cotton balls from the outer edge of the eye to the inner edge. Then wipe the entire face.
Wipe the baby's skin with blotting movements of a soft towel or diaper, in no case rub. It is necessary to ensure that water does not flow into the neck folds and does not remain there, and if this happens, then carefully wipe the moisture dry.
As a rule, after sleeping, crusts accumulate in the baby's nose, which prevent him from breathing freely. You can get rid of them with the help of cotton flagella moistened with vaseline oil or boiled water. Flagella must be made independently.
To do this, you can take a small piece of cotton wool and roll it into a dense flagellum 3-4 cm long and 0.3-0.4 cm thick. Thus, it will be easy for you to insert it into the nasal cavity. By scrolling it, you will collect and twist all the crusts from the walls of the baby's nose onto a cotton flagellum.
Babies don't need to clean their ears often. Wipe dry enough auricle and the skin behind it after bathing. Often in babies, especially after sleeping in a hat, the skin behind the ear gets wet. It is important to rinse this area and wipe dry. It is necessary to ensure that this area is well ventilated and not wet.
There are small nuances in washing babies of different sexes.
The girl needs to be washed from front to back, so that the remnants of feces and all impurities do not fall into the genital gap. Due to the proximity of the outlets of the rectum, urethra and vagina in girls high risk penetration of infection into the urinary tract.
When washing, the girl needs to be positioned facing herself, put the back of the baby’s head in the elbow bend of her arm and support the baby’s torso with her forearm. With a widely spaced brush, hold the girl by the buttocks, and wash the skin of the perineum with your free hand.
Boys can be washed in different ways. Over time, you will adapt to hold the baby when washing exactly the way you feel comfortable. Over time, this will be easier to do, because the baby will soon try to support the little head.
Children should be washed under running water. Washing babies in a basin is highly undesirable, as there is a high risk of introducing an infection with contaminated water into the urinary tract.
The baby's diaper should be changed regularly, approximately every three hours and as it gets dirty. Until the umbilical wound heals, the upper part of the diaper must be tucked under it.
In the first weeks of life (and in the next, too), it is important to give the baby a break from the hot and heavy diaper. After all, the number of urination and defecation can reach up to 20 per day.
Conduct air baths without a diaper, preferably several times a day, monitoring the temperature of the baby's skin and preventing hypothermia.
Newborn's first bath
Almost immediately after arriving from the maternity hospital, the newborn needs to be bathed, because the child was only washed away in the maternity hospital. The skin of the baby at this time is already peeling off on the chest and abdomen and needs to be updated. But since the umbilical wound has not yet healed, the possibility of infection is high, so the bathing water must be boiled.
Where will you bathe the child - in the bath or tub - does not have of great importance. But I am for the fact that at least before the healing of the navel, the child has his own individual bath.
You must keep in mind that while bathing, the head and neck of the newborn must be supported with one hand at all times, so that water does not enter the baby's ears. Therefore, it is better to call an assistant for the first time bathing the baby.
It is better for the assistant to stand on the other side of the bath. And the approach from two sides is possible only to a free-standing bath. It is also convenient that you can put a small bath at any height convenient for you and in the warmest room in the house (relevant in winter time).
In the first six months, you need to bathe the child daily. The water temperature should be 37-38°C, the air temperature in the room 22-24°C. It is better to bathe before feeding.
The first couple of days you need to bathe the baby in water with the addition of potassium permanganate, and then with a decoction of herbs (preferably a string). Potassium permanganate should be diluted in a separate container so that potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) crystals do not get on the baby's skin during bathing. The prepared concentrate of potassium permanganate in a separate container is then added to a bath of water, so that the water acquires a barely pink color.
The child may be afraid of the first immersion in the bath. In order for this immersion to be smooth, so that the temperature difference is not so felt, better baby bathe in the first time in a diaper.
The diaper also prevents a sudden hypothermia of the baby's skin, which can be with intensive evaporation of water from the baby's skin.
For bathing, the baby wrapped in a diaper is placed smoothly into the water, and first one handle is washed in turn, and then covered with a moistened diaper. Only then proceed to washing the next part of the body.
You can use soap no more than once a week.
The first bathing session should not last longer than 7-10 minutes. That's why another pair of hands will not hurt in this matter.
When bathing, take Special attention baby's folds. Rinse them thoroughly, and then pat all areas of the skin dry with a soft towel.
To prevent diaper rash in the folds after bathing, it is better to use powder. Not always oily creams under the diaper fit the baby and prevent the appearance of redness and diaper rash.
In modern diapers, impregnation is almost always used in order to protect the skin of the baby. And in practice, not all creams and ointments interact well with the components of this impregnation. Therefore, many layers of all kinds of care products can play a cruel joke on you and your child.
A newborn needs to be treated at least once a day. With a pronounced weeping of the navel, you can toilet the wound twice a day. This is usually done after bathing.
In the first days after the removal of the umbilical cord, the navel is covered with a dense bloody crust, which must be removed. After bathing, when she gets wet, this is easier to do.
It is necessary to spread the edges of the umbilical wound with clean hands and generously drop a few drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide into it. Leave for 20-30 seconds, and then dry the wound, extinguishing it with a cotton swab on a stick. Then treat the bottom of the umbilical wound with a cotton swab on a stick with a 1% solution of brilliant green (brilliant green).
Haircut (trimming) of nails
You can cut your baby's nails right after the hospital. As a rule, during this period it is already necessary, since a full-term baby is born with a small but sharp manicure. Nails are very scratchy and break easily.
Trim your nails in a straight line with scissors with rounded ends. This will reduce the risk of burrs and infection of the nail bed.
Baby's first walk
At good health child and favorable weather, you can walk with the child on the street immediately after discharge from the hospital. The duration of the first walk should not exceed 15-20 minutes.
So that the fees for the street are not delayed, the child does not overheat and does not sweat during the fees for a walk, choose spacious and easily closed clothes.
With severe anxiety, the first short walk can be taken in the arms of the mother.
It is worth going out for a walk after feeding. So it is more likely that the child has a good sleep in the fresh air.
IN summer time active solar time should be avoided. That is, it is better to walk with a child before 11 am or after 4 pm. In winter, walks should be canceled when the temperature drops below -10 ° C.
In the summer, the baby needs to put on one more clothes than on himself, and in the winter - two more. Plus, keep in mind that a child at this age often sleeps on the street, so you need to cover him with a blanket.
Feeding regimen in the first days
You can talk about food endlessly. The topic of feeding can be developed for the same volume of the article. Therefore, for newly-made mothers, I will only touch on regime moments here.
An important question - to feed on demand or by the hour?
Answer: It is desirable to feed a newborn baby with breast milk on demand. If desired, after a month of life, the crumbs gradually switch to a feeding regimen every two hours.
When feeding with milk replacers, a regimen is necessary. Therefore, it is not necessary to give the mixture earlier than 3-3.5 hours after feeding. Food must be digested. Otherwise increased gas formation and colic you can not avoid.
The period of the first weeks of a baby's life consists practically of feedings, smoothly flowing into sleep. A newborn in the early days can be awake up to 4 hours a day.
In conclusion, I will summarize. The first days of the baby is the most crucial moment, which the necessary information on the topic will help the mother to pass more smoothly. You have just received this information!
Health to you and your children!
A practicing pediatrician, twice mother Elena Borisova-Tsarenok told you about the features of the first days of a newborn.
The first month of a baby's life is magical and restless at the same time. It is necessary in the first month of a newborn's life to learn how to feed, put to sleep and understand his constant requirements. And the beginning of the life of a newborn is saturated with them especially densely.
The first days of a newborn are pretty easy. All he really cares about is eating every few hours, sleeping well and often, having a dry diaper, and getting lots of love. But for you, as a new parent, caring for a newborn baby can seem a lot more difficult. Therefore, focus only on the main points and basic needs of the child.
Child development 1 month of life
Your newborn does little more than eat, sleep, cry. You will discover the child's reaction to things like light, noise and touch. You will see that the sense organs are working hard.
Vision in the first month of a child's life
Your baby sees things best at a distance of 20 - 25 cm. This is the ideal distance for stare in the eyes of mom or dad.
Their eyes are particularly sensitive to bright light, so babies are more likely to open their eyes in low light.
Don't worry if your child sometimes squints or rolls his eyes. This is normal until your child's vision improves and the eye muscles strengthen.
Let your child look at many attractive things. People's faces, contrasting patterns, bright colors, movement is what newborns like the most. Black and white photographs or toys will keep your child interested longer than objects or paintings with many similar colors.
The child must be able to follow the slow movements of a person or object.
What can a baby hear before 1 month?
The baby heard sounds while still in the womb. The mother's heartbeat, the murmur of her digestive system, and even the sounds of her voice are all part of the baby's world before birth.
When a baby is born, the sounds of the surrounding world are loud and clear. A child may be startled by the unexpected barking of a nearby dog or calmed down by the gentle buzz of a hair dryer.
Pay attention to the reaction of the newborn to the voice. The voices of people, especially parents, are the favorite “music” for a child. If the baby is crying in the cradle, see how quickly your approaching voice soothes him.
Taste and olfactory sensations of the newborn in the first month
Babies have a sense of taste and smell and will be attracted to sweet tastes rather than bitter ones. For example, a newborn will prefer to suck on a bottle of sweetened water, but will turn away or cry if given something bitter or sour in taste. Likewise, newborns will turn to smells they like and turn away from smells they don't like.
Studies have shown that a mother's diet affects the taste of breast milk. These first flavors will help shape taste preferences later on. For example, a baby whose mother ate spicy food during breastfeeding is likely to favor spicy food.
Touch is important for a newborn. With each touch, the newborn learns life and its surroundings.
In the womb, babies are kept warm and protected, but after birth, for the first time, they feel cold, hot, hard seams of clothes.
Make sure the newborn finds external world calming place. Give a lot comfortable clothes and soft blankets, tender kisses, caresses and comforting hugs.
From the moment of birth, babies begin to react to the world around them. Their reactions to a mother's hug or a loud sound are examples normal development child.
Doctors use these factors to determine if development is progressing as expected. There is a wide range of what is considered normal, so some children develop skills earlier or later than others.
What should a child be able to do at 1 month of age?
Newborn behavior
- Turns head towards parent's voice or other sounds.
- Cries to communicate the need to pick him up or feed him, change diapers or put him to bed.
- Stops crying when his desire is satisfied (the child was picked up, fed or put to bed).
Motor and physical development of the child in the first month
From the very beginning, the child has a set of reflexes designed to protect him and provide needed help, even if parental instincts have not yet taken effect.
These early reflexes include the searching reflex, which helps locate a breast or feeding bottle, the sucking reflex (helps you eat), the grasping reflex (the one that makes you squeeze your finger when it's in your baby's hand), and the Moro reflex (a nerve reaction that he feels when he is scared).
You can try testing your child for reflexes, but keep in mind that your results may vary and are likely to be less reliable than the doctor's test results.
Emotional and social development of a child up to 1 month of life
- calms down from the voice and touch of parents;
- can focus for a short time.
Cognitive skills (thinking and learning)
- Looks at faces.
- Follows the expression on the face of the parents.
Newborn care in the first month of life
If you haven't spent much time around newborns, their fragility can be frightening.
Rules for caring for a child in the first month of life
- Be sure to wash your hands before handling an infant. Newborns do not yet have a strong immune system, so they are susceptible to infection. Make sure that everyone who interacts with the child has clean hands;
- be careful to support the baby's head and neck when you carry him or put him in the crib;
- do not shake the newborn, whether in play or when upset. Violent shaking can cause intracranial bleeding and even death. If you need to wake the baby, do not do it by shaking the baby. Instead, tickle your baby's feet or gently pat her cheek;
- You need to make sure that the baby in the carrier, stroller or car seat is well fastened. Limit any activity that may be too rough or energetic for your little one.
Remember that a 1 month old newborn is not prepared for rough play such as shaking or tossing.
How to care for a newborn in the first month?
Newborn care at home includes feeding, changing diapers, changing clothes, caring for the umbilical wound, trimming nails, bathing, and going to bed.
Feeding a newborn
How to feed your newborn in the first month, breast or bottle, the mother decides.
You may be confused about how often to do this. As a rule, it is recommended to feed the children on demand, that is, every time he seems hungry. The baby may signal with crying, fist sucking, or smacking sounds.
A newborn baby should be fed every 2 to 3 hours. If you are breastfeeding, let your baby suckle for about 10 to 15 minutes from each breast. If you are formula feeding, give about 60 to 90 milliliters for each feeding. For each individual baby, you can individually calculate the one-time volume of the mixture.
When formula feeding, you can easily control the amount of food. But if you are breastfeeding the baby, it will be a little more difficult. If the baby seems satisfied, has about six wet diapers and stools several times a day, the baby sleeps well and gains weight well, then there is no shortage of food.
Before changing a diaper, make sure that all accessories are within reach so that you do not have to leave the baby alone on the changing table.
To change a diaper you need:
- clean diaper;
- ointment under the diaper, if the baby has a rash;
- a container filled with warm water;
- clean cloth, wet wipes or cotton pads.
After each bowel movement, or if the diaper is wet, lay the baby on the back and remove the dirty diaper. Using water, cotton pads and napkins, gently wipe the child's genitals. When changing a boy's diaper, do it with care, as exposure to air can cause urination.
When drying a girl, wipe the perineum in the direction from the labia to the buttocks to avoid infection urinary tract. Apply ointment to prevent and treat a rash.
Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after changing a diaper.
Diaper rash is a common problem. As a rule, it is red and convex. After a few days, it will disappear with bathing in warm water, using diaper cream and a small amount of time spent without it. Most breakouts are caused by skin sensitivity that is irritated by a wet diaper.
To prevent or treat diaper rash, try a number of ways:
- Change your baby's diaper frequently and as soon as possible after a bowel movement.
- After washing, apply a "barrier" cream. Zinc creams are preferred as they form a moisture barrier.
- Leave the baby without a diaper for a while. This gives the skin the opportunity to take an air bath.
If the diaper rash continues for more than 3 days or seems to get worse, see your doctor. The rash may be caused by a fungal infection that requires medical treatment.
Cloth
You will change your baby many times a day.
Here Here are some tips to make work more enjoyable for you and your baby:
- start with comfortable clothes. Look for elastic fabrics; wide necks; loose sleeves, cuffs and ankles; buttons, snaps or zippers front side clothes, not on the back. Lace may look adorable on your little girl, but it can be scratchy or even tangle your little one's fingers, so save it for special occasions;
- Attach a bib if your baby is spitting up regularly. After all, it is much easier to replace than clothes.
Umbilical wound care and circumcision
Taking care of your umbilical cord is very important. Experts suggest wiping the area with alcohol until the umbilical cord dries up and falls off.
The baby's navel area should not be submerged in water until the umbilical cord falls off and the area has healed.
Check with your doctor if your belly button area becomes red, smells bad, or has discharge.
If the boy is circumcised, immediately after the procedure, the glans penis is covered with gauze lubricated with petroleum jelly so that the wound does not stick to the diaper. Gently wipe the head after changing the diaper with clean warm water, then apply petroleum jelly. The redness or irritation of the penis should heal in a few days, but if the redness, swelling, or pus-filled blisters get worse, call your doctor right away.
Nails were growing even before the baby was born, so you can get a manicure in the first week of life. This procedure should be carried out every 2 to 3 days in the first month, until the nails harden and stop growing so quickly.
When trimming, hold the child's finger, pressing the tip of the finger down and away from the nail. Gently cut nails following the natural curve of the nail. Make sure that you do not cut too low and do not make sudden movements. While holding your tiny toes, cut your nails straight without rounding the edges. Remember that toenails grow more slowly and therefore require less maintenance.
Although you won't feel well, try not to worry if you hurt your child. It happens to all well-meaning moms. Clamp the wound with a soft, clean, lint-free cloth or gauze pad, and the bleeding will soon stop.
Bathing Basics
You must wipe the child soft sponge before the umbilical cord falls off and the navel is completely healed (1 - 4 weeks).
Prepare the following items before bathing a child:
- clean soft washcloth;
- soft baby soap and unscented shampoo;
- soft brush for scalp massage;
- towel or blanket;
- clean diaper;
- fresh clothes.
Rubdown
To do this, choose a flat, safe surface in a warm room. Fill a sink, if available, or a bowl with warm water. Undress the child and wrap him in a towel. Wipe baby's eyes with clean cotton balls dipped in water. Movement should be directed from the inner corner to the outer.
Use a separate cotton ball for each eye. Wipe your baby's ears and nose with a damp cloth. Then blot the cloth again and, using a little soap, gently wash your face and pat it dry.
Then lather baby shampoo and gently wash your baby's hair. Try to wash off the foam as thoroughly as possible. Gently wipe the body with a damp cloth, paying particular attention to the underarm creases, areas around the neck, behind the ears and in the genital area. Then you need to dry the skin, put on a diaper and clothes.
When your child is ready to take a bath, the first baths should be short.
An infant bath will be added to the items listed above. A baby bath is a plastic bath that fits in big bath. This best size for babies, and bathing with it becomes easier.
Make sure that the water in the bath is no more than 5 - 7 cm deep. Undress your baby in a warm room, then immediately put him in water to prevent chills. Slowly lower the baby to the chest into the bath, holding the head with one hand.
Wash your face and hair with a washcloth. Gently massage the scalp with your fingertips or a soft baby brush.
When you are rinsing shampoo or soap off your baby's head, place your hand on your forehead so that the lather runs down the sides to keep the soap out of your eyes.
Gently wash the rest of the child's body with water.
During the entire bath, constantly pour water on the child so that he does not catch a cold. After bathing, immediately wrap your baby in a towel, making sure it covers his head.
Hooded baby towels are great for keeping a freshly washed baby warm.
When bathing a child, never leave him alone. If you need to leave the bathroom, wrap your baby in a towel and take it with you.
Sleep Basics
A newborn who seems to need you every minute of the day actually sleeps for about 16 hours or more. Newborns usually sleep for 2 to 4 hours. Don't expect him to sleep through the night. Babies' digestive systems are so small that they need to be fed every few hours, and babies should wake up if they haven't been fed for 4 hours.
Put your baby to sleep on their back or on their side to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Also, remove all fluffy items, quilts, sheepskins, soft toys, and pillows from the bed to make sure your baby doesn't get tangled up in them and can't suffocate.
Also, in order to prevent unilateral flattening of the head, do not forget to alternate the position of the baby every night.
Many newborns have day and night mixed up. They tend to stay awake at night and sleep more during the day. One way to help them is to keep nighttime excitement to a minimum. Keep the light low by using a night light. Talk and play with your baby throughout the day. When the baby wakes up during the day, try to keep him awake a little more, talking and playing.
Encouraging the newborn to learn
As parents take care of their newborn, he learns to recognize touch, the sound of voices, and the sight of faces.
In the first weeks, you can start a few simple, age-appropriate toys that develop hearing, vision and tactile sensations.
- Rattles.
- Kids toys.
- Musical toys.
- Unbreakable bed mirrors.
Try toys and mobiles with contrasting colors and patterns. Strong contrasts (such as red, white and black), curves and symmetry stimulate the development of a child's vision. As vision improves and children gain more control over their movements, they will interact more and more with their environment.
While the focus these days is naturally on keeping the baby healthy, it becomes much more difficult if the mom doesn't stay healthy herself. Therefore, make your health a priority in the first month after giving birth. A short fifteen-minute sleep will allow you to refresh a little.
Keep stocks of easily accessible yet nutritious foods such as cheese sticks, hard boiled eggs, yogurt, cottage cheese, fruit, and cooked vegetables so you can eat often. Know that your nutritional requirements will be higher if you breastfeed your baby.
Feeding
When the child is 1 month old, he needs to be fed at least 6 times a day. Try not to control the time of feeding too strictly, let the child determine how much and how often he wants to eat.
Let the baby sleep enough at 1 month, be sensitive to his signals.
Even on this early stage try to put the baby in his crib when he is tired, but not yet sleeping. Most young children go to bed shortly after feeding, and their "sleep window" can be very short.
Behavior
Perhaps you will observe early smiles when the newborn is one month old. But most likely this will be due to their reflexes, and not to the reaction. Closer to six weeks, the baby will give a true smile. Many children develop colic at the age of 1 month of life.
Motor skills of a 1 month old baby
A 1 month old baby will be stronger than a newborn. He may be able to raise his head to a short time when held upright or lying on the stomach. He might even be able to turn it from side to side. But you still need to give him support.
Your child also becomes more expressive and may start to hum when he sees his family. Be sure to respond to his efforts to encourage these communication skills.
How to develop a child in 1 month?
- provide the child with daily laying out on the tummy. This will help develop muscles in the neck and upper torso;
- turn on the music and try not to filter your child's world. While it may be tempting to tiptoe around at home when the baby is sleeping, this will cause the baby to become sensitive to environmental noise. Babies who come to families with many small children do not react to household noise and learn to adapt because they have to.
All children are unique and go through developmental stages at their own pace. Development recommendations simply show what the baby can implement. And if not now, then soon.
If you have questions or concerns, ask your doctor for advice possible solutions to help you and your baby grow together.
While expecting a baby, every woman studies information about the first days in the hospital. Although the process of childbirth and the entire time spent in the maternity hospital are frightening, nevertheless, during this period, the young mother will be under the supervision of the medical staff. Difficulties can arise after discharge, so it is worth knowing in advance how to care for a newborn baby.
Who will teach care?
The issues of caring for newborn peanuts are discussed in courses for expectant mothers, so if a pregnant woman attends such classes, she will be theoretically prepared for the upcoming care of the baby. Also, information about caring for a baby, a future mother can get from special magazines and books.
Before giving birth, get things that are needed when caring for the baby
To teach in practice how to care for a baby and explain its basic principles should also be in the maternity hospital. The pediatric nurse and pediatrician will tell and show the woman in labor all the actions that she will need to take care of the baby. The first toilet of the baby is carried out by a nurse, and then, having received step-by-step instructions, the young mother, under the supervision of a nurse, performs basic hygiene procedures on her own.
In addition, immediately after discharge, a mother with a newborn baby should be visited by a local pediatrician together with a nursing nurse. They can be asked any questions regarding the care of the baby and the health of the crumbs. In advance
Care in the maternity hospital
Immediately after birth, the baby's umbilical cord is bandaged with special sterile clamps placed on it. Having wrapped the baby in a diaper, the baby is transferred to a heated table for the first hygiene procedures. The midwife takes a sterile napkin, dips it in sterile oil, and then partially wipes the newborn from the original lubricant. Next, the peanut is weighed and measured.
When a mother with a baby is transferred to the ward, a nurse or pediatrician visits them, showing the woman how to handle the umbilical cord, as well as how to wash the baby under running water. Every morning, a newborn in the maternity hospital spends a morning toilet, including washing the face and eyes, as well as processing the remainder of the umbilical cord. The nose and ears are washed when necessary.
At the hospital, you should be shown how to take care of your baby.
Daily morning care
After discharge, every morning of a newborn baby should begin with washing. To do this, a cotton pad is dipped in boiled warm water and squeezed, after which it is wiped with a wet disk:
- Little face.
- Little eyes. Movement should be from the outer corners towards the spout. A separate cotton pad is used for each eye.
- Baby ears. You need to wipe the skin behind the ears and the curls of the shell.
- Baby's neck.
In addition, the mother should examine the entire skin of the baby daily and detect reddening of the folds in time. When diaper rash appears, the baby is shown air baths and special cosmetics.
The rules of the morning toilet are described in detail in the video of the "Caring Mom" channel on Youtube.
Navel treatment
A newborn's navel usually heals within the first two weeks of a baby's life. Treatment of the navel should be carried out before complete healing.
After bathing, the wound that remains after the umbilical cord falls off should be treated as follows:
- For processing, you need to prepare an antiseptic, cotton swabs and a peroxide solution.
- Mom needs to wash her hands.
- A cotton swab is moistened with peroxide, after which the wound is treated so that it is cleaned of discharge.
- Remove the remaining peroxide with a dry stick.
- Soak another cotton swab in an antiseptic and treat the navel. Zelenka is most often used, but it can also be chlorophyllipt, iodine solution or calendula tincture.
- Try not to touch the skin during processing.
Washing and diapers
After each stool, a newborn baby should be washed. If there was no stool, washing is carried out every 2-3 hours. This procedure is performed under running water, as washing in a bath or basin may cause a urinary tract infection. Remember to make sure that the water that flows from the tap is at a temperature that is comfortable for the baby. When washing a newborn girl, you should move from front to back.
How to bathe a newborn baby, see next video.
When washing is complete, place the baby on a changing table or sofa, then blot water off the skin with a clean diaper. Next, process the folds cotton ball, oiled vegetable oil. You can also use baby cream to treat wrinkles.
Diapers for a newborn can be both disposable and reusable. The infant must not be in disposable diaper longer than 4 hours. Put a diaper on the newborn baby so that the navel remains open. This will help more rapid healing wounds. During the day, the child should spend some time without a diaper.
About the rules daily care for the newborn, see the next video.
Weekly Care
Such care includes procedures that are not carried out every day, but are performed as needed.
Nose care
Newborn babies have tiny nasal passages, so even with a slight blockage, the baby’s breathing becomes difficult. To clean the baby's nose, flagella are used, which are twisted from cotton wool. They are moistened in vegetable or vaseline oil, after which a rotational movement is introduced a maximum of 1 cm into the spout. You can also wet a cotton flagellum with ordinary boiled water or breast milk.
A separate flagellum is used for each nasal passage. Never use cotton swabs to clean a newborn's nose.
How to do it right, see the video.
Ear Care
Earwax is excreted normally and to remove its excess, special sticks with cotton tips should be used. Since the ears of newborns are very small, such sticks must be with a stopper so that the stick does not penetrate too deep and cause irritation of the eardrum.
Instead of a stick, you can use a cotton flagellum, but you can’t insert it into the ear canal. Also, don't rub your ears too hard. To make the sulfur easier to remove, the cotton wool can be slightly moistened with boiled water, but the water should not drip from the cotton wool.
Nail care
In many newborns, the length of the nails immediately after birth is such that they need to be trimmed at the hospital. Baby nails grow very quickly, but they are very thin, so they often bend or break.
Weekly nails are trimmed with special tweezers or nail scissors, being careful not to cut too much so as not to hurt the skin on the fingers. On the handles of the baby, the edges of the nail should be slightly rounded, and on the legs, the nail should be cut evenly. It is convenient for newborns to cut their nails during sleep, then the procedure will not disturb the baby.
Scissors should be blunt-edged so that the chance of injuring the baby is reduced to zero.
For information on how to handle the nails of newborns, see the next video by Olga Vasilievna Parshikova.
Bathing
For the first time, it is allowed to bathe a newborn on the same day when the baby and mother were discharged from the hospital.
Features of the procedure should be explained by the patronage nurse:
- It is most convenient to bathe the baby before feeding, which will be the penultimate one.
- The newborn should be bathed in a separate bath until the navel is completely healed.
- The average duration of the procedure is three to seven minutes.
- Until the moment when the umbilical wound is completely healed, bathing the crumbs should be carried out in boiled water.
- Optimal parameters the air temperature in the room where bathing is carried out is called + 24 + 26 ° С.
- During bathing, there should be no draft in the room.
- Before the procedure, the bath should be washed with soap and scalded with boiling water.
- Before you fill the bath with water, prepare everything you need for bathing. You need to put boiled water, baby soap, a soft flannel mitten, a water thermometer, a jug for dousing, a towel, oil or cream for treatment after bathing, clean clothes next to the bath.
- The hands of a person bathing an infant should be washed with soap and with cut nails. Rings and watches should be removed before the procedure.
- It is advised to put a diaper on the bottom of the bath, and then pour water, the temperature of which should be about + 37 ° C.
- Water is poured to a level of 10-15 cm, so that after immersion in it, the head and upper chest of the baby remain above the water.
- You need to lower the baby slowly, starting from the feet. The head is held on the elbow bend, and the crumbs are soaped with the other hand. At the same time, you should not rub the baby, so as not to damage the delicate skin.
- After washing off the soap, the baby is turned upside down to pour boiled clean water from a jug, the temperature of which should be one degree lower than the temperature of the bathing water.
- Wrapping the baby in a towel (it is not advised to rub the skin), the folds are treated with oil or cream, then the baby is dressed in clean clothes, given a little rest and fed.
- After the navel has healed, you can start bathing the baby in regular bath using tap water for this. Bathing time begins to increase to 30-40 minutes.
Every day, the baby is washed with soap only the buttocks and genitals. It is recommended to wash the whole body with soap no more than once or twice a week.
Until the navel is healed, the baby is bathed in boiled water, after that - in ordinary tap water.
