What can a pregnant woman from high blood pressure. General principles of declining performance. The main signs of high blood pressure

During pregnancy female body is subjected to increased loads, as it begins to function in an enhanced mode. This is necessary for correct formation and development of the fetus. And one of the problems that expectant mothers have to face is an increase in blood pressure. Most often this occurs in the middle of pregnancy, that is, in the second trimester. You need to know that this phenomenon should in no case be ignored, since it can lead to the development severe consequences for both mother and baby.

Preeclampsia is a dangerous complication in the second half of pregnancy, so it is also called late toxicosis, in which the functioning of the kidneys, blood vessels and brain of the expectant mother worsens, often proceeds without any symptoms and manifests itself precisely in an increase in pressure.

How to help a pregnant woman and normalize blood pressure? The main difficulty of the situation is that most medicines, whose action is aimed at lowering blood pressure, can not be used during pregnancy. Let's try to figure out which values are considered a variant of the norm, and what can signal the development of preeclampsia.

What is the danger of high blood pressure

From the day when conception occurred, the female body begins to function with a double load, and high pressure indicates that some kind of violation has occurred. An increase in the volume of blood in the body of a future mother can lead to the fact that a pregnant woman will have an increase in blood pressure. However, when this happens not once, but many times, you should be alert and immediately seek help. medical care. If this is not done in time, this may occur dangerous phenomenon like gestosis. This condition lowers heart activity and affects the circulatory system. Placental edema, which can be caused by preeclampsia, prevents the fetus from receiving required amount oxygen. Due to the lack of nutrients, it may lag behind in formation.

Signs of high blood pressure

To measure pressure indicators, a special device is used - a tonometer. However, when it is not possible to measure the pressure in this way, the following signs will help to understand that it has exceeded the norm:

malaise;
headache;
dizziness;
nausea and vomiting;
noise in ears;
the appearance of spots on chest and other parts of the body.

The occurrence of one of the manifestations listed above should be the basis for an immediate request for medical help.

Ways to lower blood pressure during pregnancy

High blood pressure in a future mother can be normalized in the following ways:

the use of traditional medicine;
drug therapy.

It has already been noted above that not all means that can reduce pressure are allowed to be used during childbearing, and even if pregnancy is not a contraindication, the remedy can only be taken under the strict supervision of a doctor. In any case, it is necessary to visit a medical facility as soon as possible.

Medical therapy

Treatment high blood pressure it is desirable to carry out in a hospital setting. At home, you can reduce the indicators for a short time to alleviate the condition.

In no case should you engage in self-treatment, this will only harm the baby. After the doctor prescribes the medication, the therapy should be carried out to the end without interrupting it. Only by carefully following the doctor's instructions, you can achieve the desired effect.

In most cases, the expectant mother is strongly recommended to go to the hospital. Here, given her condition, they will complete treatment and determine individual plan childbirth.

In some cases, women in position are prescribed the most harmless remedy - Papazol. In addition, herbal sedatives - valerian or motherwort - will have a beneficial effect.

To clinical picture was more complete, additional diagnostic procedures– urine and blood tests, ultrasonography and other surveys that can be used to select suitable method pressure reduction.

Daily routine and nutrition

If the pressure of the expectant mother increased slightly, then lower it to normal level sometimes you can do it without medication.

Certainly strong and healthy sleep is the foundation of health. We must remember this.

You can normalize the pressure values \u200b\u200bduring pregnancy by adjusting the diet as follows:

Reduce to a minimum or completely eliminate the use of fatty and salty foods.
Remove from the diet foods that increase blood pressure - coffee, black tea, chocolate.
Give up all bad habits (alcohol, cigarettes).

To prevent an increase in pressure or help to lower it, the following means:

Birch juice;
beets and juice from it;
cranberry juice;
beet-carrot salad dressed with oil;
weakly brewed tea with lots of lemon;
pumpkin with honey (finely chopped pumpkin -200 grams is boiled over low heat, mixed with honey);
cold and hot shower and walks on fresh air.

Folk remedies

It will help to normalize the indicators and folk recipes. Some remedies for improving the condition with high blood pressure:

Healing infusion. To prepare the remedy, you need to take one large spoonful of viburnum and rosehip berries, which should be crushed beforehand. Add the same amount of motherwort, linden and calendula. Pour one and a half cups of boiling water. Insist in a warm place for two hours and strain. Drink ½ cup three times a day after meals. Therapy is carried out in courses of at least six weeks. As a rule, after this time, the pressure returns to normal.
Cranberry juice will help reduce the pressure of the expectant mother. In addition, it will strengthen her immunity. It is necessary to add 80 ml of honey to 100 ml of drink. Drink the remedy 2-3 times a day for a dessert spoon. The course of therapy is 14-21 days. Later given period there will be noticeable improvement. Cranberries contain a huge amount of useful elements that are needed for proper development fetus.
Dill helps with high blood pressure. The seeds of this plant must be thoroughly ground. 2 tbsp the resulting powder should be poured into a thermos and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. The remedy must be insisted for three hours, strain and drink half a glass up to six times a day. The course of treatment is two weeks.

Products that bring the pressure of the expectant mother back to normal - beets, garlic, persimmon, mint, green tea.

Before using folk remedies to combat high blood pressure, you should consult a doctor. Products that cause allergic reaction, cannot be applied. They will not be able to stabilize the pressure, but they will lead to other problems.

How to help a pregnant woman with a pressure surge

If the expectant mother has a sharp increase in blood pressure, the following measures must be taken:

Position it in a horizontal position so that the head is higher than the body. If the woman has not lost consciousness, she can take a semi-sitting position.
To ensure that fresh rest enters the room, it is necessary to open the window. So that the woman does not freeze, it is necessary to cover her with a blanket.
If before that, the pregnant woman previously took medication that lowers blood pressure, you can give it to her. A new remedy cannot be offered, since it is not known how the woman's body will react to it.

In what cases should you seek medical help?

She must visit a gynecologist who is registered with a pregnant woman constantly, following the established schedule, and if her health worsens. The basis for seeking medical help can be any complaints - spasms, pain, insomnia, depression and other. If the doctor suggests hospitalization, you do not need to refuse it.

Video: what to do if a pregnant woman has high blood pressure

No matter how natural physiological state pregnancy was not for a woman, but the body is under stress
Especially often, increased tension in the bloodstream worries after the sixth month of pregnancy.
Although the hormonal background stabilizes by the second half of pregnancy, blood circulation continues to be activated.
A second circle of blood circulation appears, new vascular branches are formed and blood volume increases. These changes force the heart to work harder.

Additionally: all moms-to-be should add to the list mandatory procedures control of blood pressure readings. It is recommended to measure the pressure weekly.

For the home, it is better to purchase an electronic tonometer: its operation does not cause difficulties. If a pregnant woman is at risk or feels unwell, then pressure should be measured daily.

worry about high pressure not worth it. You just need to tell your doctor about it. When should high blood pressure be a cause for concern? Let's figure it out in this article.

Unstable blood pressure and its “jumps” are considered normal for the expectant mother
It is important for a pregnant woman to monitor her well-being in order to prevent the development of congenital pathologies in a child, neurological disorders in time
The full development of the baby will provide only a favorable environment and the well-being of the expectant mother

Pressure 120/80 is normal for healthy person. Systolic (upper) pressure is shown by the first digit, and diastolic (lower) - by the second.

In a pregnant woman, normal pressure should not exceed 140/90 and go down more than 90/60. In a pregnant woman, the indicators can vary within 10%. Deviations in indicators of 15% or more should be the reason for a visit to the doctor
Meanwhile, individual indicators may differ from the norm. They are influenced by many factors, including the characteristics of the body, weight, the presence of diseases
Therefore, you need to know your "working pressure". To do this, the indicators are regularly measured at the same time independently when good health
The numbers that fixes in exchange card the doctor of the antenatal clinic, show the condition of the woman only during the next appointment, and therefore do not reflect the full picture

If a pregnant woman often experiences hypertension, then it is better for her to purchase a tonometer and measure pressure in the morning. When unwanted symptoms must be measured every day
High blood pressure can be absolutely healthy future mother, in excellent health. In this case, the overestimated indicators are caused by the experience due to the upcoming examination by the gynecologist or "hypertension" white coat what doctors call this condition

Symptoms of high blood pressure during pregnancy

The woman herself will guess that her blood pressure level has increased. Headache, dizziness, nausea will indicate this. Other symptoms of pressure above the norm are also signaled:

vomiting may occur after nausea
ringing in the ears, and black dots appear in the eyes
red spots appear on the body
increasing weakness

Sometimes a woman begins to feel bad only with severe hypertension.

High blood pressure during first trimester pregnancy

In the first trimester, the joyful state of the expectant mother can be overshadowed by high blood pressure.
With an excessive increase in indicators in the first trimester, it is impossible to delay a visit to the doctor, because this can lead to a decrease in blood circulation and fetal hypoxia. May block the baby's oxygen supply and intake nutrients
In the early stages of damage to blood vessels entail damage to the placental bed. As a result, spontaneous miscarriage occurs.

High blood pressure at the beginning of pregnancy (before the sixth month) causes a delay in the development of the child. Others dangerous consequences I can be:

placental insufficiency
opens bleeding
chronic hypoxia occurs
placental abruption may occur

If you do not take action, then with such negative changes, the likelihood of a sudden termination of pregnancy increases.

Who is at risk when the pressure rises above normal:

those who had hypertension before pregnancy
in whom doctors diagnosed cardiovascular and vegetative disorders
in diseases internal organs
pregnant women with kidney problems
overweight
with hormonal disorders

In the absence of problems and good health, blood pressure indicators gradually decrease until the end of the first trimester.

This is a consequence of a decrease in vascular tone. Until the end of the first trimester, blood pressure stops at the minimum numbers
If a woman suffers from hypertension, then it is necessary to start dealing with blood pressure disorders even before pregnancy.
The so-called "whims" and "jumps" of pressure can be corrected during the onset of pregnancy. The main thing in the prevention of high blood pressure is to regularly measure indicators

High blood pressure during second trimester pregnancy

The second half of pregnancy proceeds with stable low blood pressure. If compared with the indications before pregnancy, then in the II trimester the first digit (“upper”) pressure decreases by 10-15 mm. rt. Art., and the second digit ("lower" pressure) is reduced by 5-15 mm. rt. st
However, women often begin to notice high blood pressure from the sixth month. This does not cause ailments in a pregnant woman, however, for a baby, an increase in pressure in the bloodstream at such a time can cause serious problems. An increase in blood pressure is usually due to an increase in blood volume by ½ liter
Rest and observance are shown to the pregnant woman special diet. Refusal of sweets, fatty foods, salty and spicy should become the rule. Therefore, it is better to limit yourself in advance. Instead of butter you can spread homemade cottage cheese with herbs on a sandwich
A large amount of liquid consumed is also undesirable. On the day of a pregnant woman, it is recommended to drink 2-2.5 liters. Favor unsalted food
A pregnant woman needs to avoid conflicts, unrest, stress. But if there is no strength to cope with the experiences on your own, then the doctor will select the appropriate sedative or antispasmodic drugs

High blood pressure during pregnancy in the third trimester

The third trimester is characterized by an increase in pressure. At the time of childbirth, blood pressure indicators are set at the levels that the woman had before pregnancy.

At 32-38 weeks, the volume of blood increases to 1 liter, and closer to childbirth - up to 1.5 liters. The heart experiences a strong load: frequent contractions increase blood output by 40-50%. The pulse also rises. Now it can be 80-90 beats per minute.

Why is high blood pressure dangerous during pregnancy?

High pressure indicators indicate the presence of a dangerous disease for pregnant women - preeclampsia. Its insidiousness lies in the fact that it causes violations of the functions of vital organs. The circulatory and cardiovascular systems are especially exposed to negative changes.

The presence of gestosis is indicated by the appearance severe edema on the hands and feet. Edema appears due to microscopic holes in the vessels that occur after the placenta produces special substances
Liquid and plasma protein penetrate into the micro-holes. By themselves, edema does not pose a danger to the expectant mother. But placental edema, which develops with preeclampsia, leads to a lack of oxygen for the baby.
Pressure above the norm is not always a sign of the development of preeclampsia. But there is another danger as well. Vascular changes and placental affect the growing fetus: blood circulation between the fetus and mother decreases. Phytoplacental insufficiency develops. And this is a direct threat to intrauterine development.

Important: with hypertension, the fetus develops hypoxia. The development of the fetus slows down. The child is born with congenital pathologies. There are frequent cases of the birth of crumbs with neurological disorders.

Treatment of high blood pressure during pregnancy

There are many causes of high blood pressure, so consultation with your doctor is necessary for treatment. Preparations are selected individually.

Pregnant women with blood pressure above normal are at risk. Treatment of such patients is carried out under the supervision of a physician.

How can you reduce the risk of high blood pressure:

adjust the daily routine: work and rest should alternate
Night sleep should not be less than 8 hours
desirable daytime sleep
dietary nutrition is a diet with a large amount of protein foods and vitamins
with limited intake of salt, fatty and carbohydrate foods

Low-risk pregnant women can be treated without medication. They are shown physiotherapy, light duty, rest and light physical activity.

Pregnant from the group high risk medication treatment is given
Some drugs used to lower blood pressure can cause negative impact on fetal development. But most drugs are not dangerous for the child.
If the tonometer measures 170/110, then self-treatment is ineffective. Immediate hospitalization required

High blood pressure pills for pregnant women

It is strictly forbidden for pregnant women to take medications for high blood pressure on their own initiative. Not a single hypertension pill is absolutely safe for a baby.

Of the recommended drugs for lowering pressure, magnesium preparations can be distinguished - Magne B6, Magnerot. Therapy with the use of magnesium preparations is effective for those suffering from hypertension. During pregnancy, there is a deficiency of this trace element.
Also, doctors prescribe specialized drugs for pregnant women with high blood pressure. Treatment should be started when the tonometer readings are more than 140/90 mm Hg. st
If the mother-to-be took blood pressure-lowering drugs before pregnancy, these drugs may now need to be replaced. During a consultation with a doctor, a pregnant woman will be selected safer medicines

Foods to lower blood pressure during pregnancy

IN folk medicine motherwort, mountain ash, hawthorn are used to reduce pressure. Well soothes lemon balm, mint, valerian root.

It is enough to hang a sachet (cloth bag) with valerian root and mint at the head. You can also slightly lower the pressure by drinking beetroot or cranberry juice.

What should be the nutrition of a pregnant woman with high blood pressure? Following simple rules, you can normalize the pressure if it rises above the norm:

you should refuse tonic drinks (strong tea, coffee)
limit the use of salt, acidic foods (during normal kidney function, pressure does not increase), because the kidneys do not like pickles and marinades
increase intake of plant foods and animal proteins (lean meats)

Anastasia, 28 years old: “During pregnancy, I was bothered by headaches, heart palpitations. The only thing that helped was a good restful sleep.”

Natalya, 32 years old: “At the 38th week, the pressure jumped sharply to 135. This is at a rate of 115. This did not affect my well-being in any way. But such an increase in pressure became decisive in the appointment of stimulation.

Daria Vitalievna, 56 years old: “To prevent the development of preeclampsia, doctors recommend that pregnant women constantly monitor pressure readings. When she was pregnant, I told my daughter-in-law that you should not be shy and afraid to disturb your doctor once again because of high blood pressure. After all, even a slight deterioration in the condition of a pregnant woman can have serious and irreversible consequences for the baby.

Let your pregnancy pass without “jumps” in blood pressure, and the baby will be born healthy to the delight of parents!

Video: high blood pressure in pregnant women

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of arteries. Its value is indicated as a fraction, in which the first digit characterizes the blood pressure at the moment of contraction of the heart (systole) - systolic, and the second indicates the value of pressure at the moment of relaxation of the heart (diastole) - diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure indicators are measured in millimeters of mercury, since initially the pressure was measured using mercury tonometers.

This parameter is one of the most important, characterizing the quality of the functioning of the body. Often during pregnancy, women first encounter the problem of high blood pressure, which can be dangerous for both the expectant mother and the fetus.

High blood pressure symptoms

With an increase in blood pressure, you may experience:

headache (its strength will be directly proportional to the level of blood pressure);
dizziness;
noise in ears;
feeling of pressure on the eyes;
general weakness;
nausea and vomiting;
redness of the face and chest area or the appearance of red spots on the face;
flashing "flies" before the eyes.

The "intrigue" of high blood pressure during pregnancy lies in the fact that in some cases, even with high blood pressure numbers, the patient does not feel any pathological symptoms, feels normal, and continues her normal daily activities. High blood pressure is detected by chance, at the next appearance in women's consultation. The absence of clinical manifestations of elevated blood pressure does not exclude the development severe complications, which can threaten the life of the mother and the unborn child, so it is very important to carry out regular monitoring of pressure during pregnancy.

How to measure pressure?

Currently, there are automatic electronic tonometers on sale that make it easy to measure pressure by pressing one button. Their use does not require special skills. From the moment of pregnancy, it is advisable to purchase a tonometer and measure pressure at least 2 times a day. But it is necessary to take into account the fact that electronic tonometers may not be accurate enough, and in order to find out what pressure you have in this moment, it is recommended to measure three times and calculate the average value between the obtained indicators.

Arterial pressure during pregnancy depend on many factors: the total volume of circulating blood, vascular tone, the work of the heart (for example, heart rate), quality characteristics blood (viscosity, etc.), as well as the level and activity of a number of hormones and biologically active substances produced by the kidneys and adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, etc. In addition, a number of external conditions have a great influence on blood pressure: the level of physical activity, psycho-emotional load, the value of atmospheric pressure.

Considering that in the body of the expectant mother there are changes regarding the amount of circulating blood, heart function, changes hormonal background, even with a physiologically proceeding pregnancy, blood pressure changes depending on its duration.

In the first and second trimesters, blood pressure, as a rule, decreases (systolic - by 10-15 mm Hg, diastolic - by 5-15 mm Hg), due to the action of the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone. It has a relaxing effect on blood vessels, which is necessary condition For favorable growth and development of the fetus. As the duration of pregnancy increases, the load on the cardiovascular system increases, as the volume of circulating blood increases (by about 40?% of the original: 2-2.5?L of blood circulates in the body of the expectant mother more than before the onset of pregnancy), the heart rate increases (by an average of 15-20 beats per minute), the production of placental hormones increases, body weight increases significantly (by the end of pregnancy, it is normal by 10-12 kg). This leads to some increase in blood pressure. pressure during pregnancy, and it becomes the same as it was before pregnancy.

With the development of complications of pregnancy, the level of blood pressure can increase significantly, which poses a potential threat to the woman and the unborn child. Therefore, from the moment of registration in the antenatal clinic, careful monitoring of the magnitude and dynamics (change) of blood pressure is carried out.

Is the pressure normal?

It is believed that the average blood pressure, which can be considered optimal (that is, necessary for the life support of the body with a minimal risk of developing cardiovascular complications), is the level of systolic blood pressure of 110–120 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - 70-80? mm Hg. Art. The borderline values are 130?/?85 –139?/?89?mm Hg. Art. If the value blood pressure is 140?/?90 and above, then given state regarded as arterial hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure).

It should be noted that among young women there are often those for whom the usual pressure before pregnancy is BP 90?/?60–100?/?70 mm Hg. Art. In these cases, it is more correct to focus not on the absolute values of blood pressure, but on the increase in indicators: if the values of systolic pressure during pregnancy increased by 30 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - by 15 mm Hg. Art., then the expectant mother has high blood pressure.

To determine a reliable level of blood pressure, the doctor observes a number of fairly simple, but important conditions, since expectant mothers quite often experience the "white coat" syndrome: if a woman has been sitting in line for a doctor's appointment for a long time, being in a state of stress from an unfamiliar environment, in suspense waiting for the result of the examination, you can get elevated values measured pressure. BP is measured for all pregnant women at every visit to the doctor. The doctor measures the pressure on both hands in the woman's sitting position, the cuff of the tonometer (a device for measuring pressure) should be at the level of the patient's heart. Blood pressure is measured using a tonometer, which can be manual (when the doctor listens to heart sounds in the area of the brachial artery in the area of \u200b\u200bthe elbow bend) and automatic, when the device independently registers blood pressure using electronics. Manual blood pressure monitors allow you to more accurately measure the level of pressure, but require a special skill. positive moment electronic blood pressure monitors is easy to use, but they can give an error in measurements.

The patient should exclude physical activity an hour before visiting the doctor, before registering blood pressure, sit in a calm atmosphere for 5–10 minutes. During the measurement, you should relax, lean back in a chair or armchair, you do not need to cross your legs (this makes venous outflow difficult, and blood pressure values \u200b\u200bmay be overestimated). For getting reliable result the doctor takes measurements repeatedly, since the first measurement, as a rule, is too high.

Since the white coat syndrome cannot be ruled out, the doctor measures the pressure again after 10-15 minutes from the moment of meeting with the patient, since the excitement of the pregnant woman is significantly reduced after a calm conversation with the doctor.

To establish an accurate diagnosis, it is desirable that each woman knows her usual (as doctors say, working) blood pressure level that occurred before pregnancy.

As already mentioned, to establish a diagnosis arterial hypertension(pathological increase in pressure) on the basis of only one measurement of blood pressure is not possible. To do this, the doctor conducts a second measurement, the diagnosis is made when registering a consistently elevated level of blood pressure at least 2 times in a row. For accurate diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe daily monitoring of blood pressure levels. It is carried out using a device fixed on the patient's body. In this study, pressure is automatically recorded for 24 hours at a normal rhythm of life for the patient. During the measurement, the woman keeps a diary, in which she notes the type of activity, the duration of sleep, the time of eating, etc. With daily monitoring of blood pressure, side effects are excluded. external factors(white coat syndrome, stress, etc.), therefore, with a high degree of certainty, the presence of arterial hypertension is diagnosed or excluded.

High blood pressure in pregnant women

High blood pressure in pregnancy is an alarming symptom, as it can lead to serious complications:

If in the vessels of the body high blood pressure during pregnancy, this leads to similar changes in the circulatory system "mother-placenta-fetus". As a result, the vessels of the uterus and placenta narrow, and consequently, the intensity of blood flow decreases and less oxygen and nutrients enter the fetus. These violations cause feto placental insufficiency(complications when the normal functioning of the placenta is disturbed and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus is reduced) and intrauterine growth retardation (a child with low body weight is born at full-term pregnancy). Also, a consequence of placental insufficiency is the threat of abortion.

Persistent long-term increase in blood pressure pressure during pregnancy can cause severe disturbances in the functioning of the vital organs of a pregnant woman, leading to acute renal or heart failure, dangerous to the life of the mother and fetus.

Arterial hypertension in pregnancy can lead to premature detachment of the placenta due to increased pressure in the space between the wall of the uterus and the placenta (normally, separation of the placenta occurs after the birth of the fetus). Premature detachment placenta leads to bleeding (in severe cases - with a fairly large blood loss). Since the partially separated placenta cannot perform its function of ensuring the life of the fetus, acute hypoxia develops ( oxygen starvation), which represents real threat health and life of the unborn child.

A significant increase in blood pressure can lead to the development of severe conditions - preeclampsia and eclampsia. These conditions are the consequences of preeclampsia - a complication of pregnancy, manifested by increased blood pressure, the presence of protein in the urine and edema. Preeclampsia is a condition accompanied by high blood pressure (200?/?120 mm Hg and above), headache, flashing "flies" before the eyes, nausea and vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, located above the navel. Eclampsia is an attack of muscle spasms of the whole body, accompanied by loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest.

One of the formidable complications of arterial hypertension is cerebral hemorrhage. The risk of this complication increases significantly in the straining period of childbirth, therefore, in order to avoid such severe consequences, with high blood pressure numbers, delivery is performed by surgery. caesarean section.

High blood pressure can cause complications such as retinal detachment or retinal hemorrhage, which can lead to partial or complete loss of vision.

What is hypertension during pregnancy

Reasons for high blood pressure pressure in pregnant women, are diverse. Diseases accompanied by an increase in blood pressure can be divided into two groups.

Group 1 - arterial hypertension that existed before pregnancy. It can be called:

hypertension - the so-called high blood pressure, the exact causes of which remain unknown to date; at the same time, the woman has no diseases that could cause an increase in blood pressure (endocrine pathology, long-term diseases of internal organs);
chronic diseases of the internal organs, accompanied by high blood pressure, such as kidney disease (chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, congenital anomalies kidney development), diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus, pathology of the central nervous system.

As a rule, in the presence of chronic arterial hypertension elevated level pressure is marked with early dates pregnancy.

Group 2 - hypertension that developed during this pregnancy. This group includes preeclampsia and gestational arterial hypertension (a condition in which stable high blood pressure is recorded during pregnancy, not accompanied by clinical signs preeclampsia and spontaneously passing after childbirth).

Preeclampsia- a serious complication that develops in the second half of pregnancy (after 20 weeks), characterized by damage to vital organs. When severe course or lack of adequate treatment, it poses a danger to the life of the pregnant woman and the fetus. As noted above, gestosis is manifested by a triad of symptoms: edema, the appearance of protein in the urine and an increase in blood pressure. It should be noted that the presence of two of the listed signs is sufficient to establish the diagnosis of preeclampsia.

In rare cases (as a rule, in the absence of observation and treatment of preeclampsia), such dangerous complications like preeclampsia and eclampsia.

The danger of preeclampsia lies in the fact that it can begin with minimal clinical manifestations and develop rapidly, which dictates the need for careful monitoring of pregnant women with high blood pressure.

Risk factors for high blood pressure during pregnancy are:

excess body weight;
multiple pregnancy;
the presence of arterial hypertension in close relatives;
long-term diseases of internal organs (for example, kidneys);
diabetes;
increase in blood pressure during previous pregnancies;
first pregnancy, as well as the age of the primiparous less than 18 or more than 30 years.

How to lower blood pressure during pregnancy

If the expectant mother has hypertension or chronic diseases accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, the management of this pregnancy is carried out jointly by an obstetrician-gynecologist and a general practitioner or cardiologist.

Treatment methods that help lower blood pressure can be divided into non-drug and drug.

Non-drug methods include the normalization of sleep patterns (the duration of night sleep is at least 9-10 hours, daytime - 1-2 hours), the exclusion of stressful situations and heavy physical exertion. Mandatory walks in the fresh air at a calm pace, the rejection of bad habits (preferably at the stage of pregnancy planning), as well as a diet with reasonable salt intake (no more than 5 g per day, which corresponds to 1 teaspoon), rich in potassium (it is contained in bananas, dried apricots, raisins, sea kale, baked potatoes).

When selecting medications to normalize blood pressure, two conditions must be met: constant monitoring of blood pressure twice a day and the absence of adverse influence drug on the fetus, even with prolonged use.

With a periodic slight increase in pressure, treatment begins with the appointment of sedatives based on herbal remedies - VALERIAN, motherwort, NOVOPASSIT, PERSENA, PEONY DECOVER, etc. In most cases, these drugs are effective in combination with non-drug therapy.

With a consistently high blood pressure The following groups of drugs are usually prescribed:

DOPEGIT (METHYLDOPA) is recognized as the "drug of choice" (that is, the most affordable, effective and safe), which can be used from the beginning of pregnancy, but the effect on lowering blood pressure is most pronounced for periods up to 28 weeks.
Calcium channel blockers (NIFEDIPINE, VERAPAMIL, NORMODIPINE) can be used from the second trimester of pregnancy. They are also effective for emergency assistance with an increase in blood pressure to high numbers. Forms with a slow release of the drug are produced, which makes it possible to reduce the frequency of administration to 1 time per day.
β-blockers (ATENOLOL, LABETALOL, NEBIVOLOL) do not have a teratogenic (causing fetal malformations) effect. They are prescribed from the second trimester of pregnancy. When taking these drugs, the heart rate of the fetus may decrease, so their appointment is carried out according to strict indications. While taking the medicine, it is necessary to control the intrauterine state of the fetus.

The choice of tactics of conducting labor depends on the severity of hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine state of the fetus. In severe cases, with a steady increase in blood pressure against the background of ongoing treatment, a caesarean section is performed, since the risk of increasing blood pressure during childbirth increases.

When conducting labor through the natural birth canal, planned antihypertensive therapy (with the use of drugs of various mechanisms of action) is prescribed in advance for good control of blood pressure, and adequate anesthesia for labor is also carried out. The optimal method of labor pain relief with elevated blood pressure is epidural anesthesia (an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space located between the dura and the vertebrae after a catheter is placed in the lumbar region), since it not only has a strong anesthetic effect, but also helps to reduce pressure.

Prevention of pressure increase

To avoid high blood pressure pressure during pregnancy, you need to follow a few simple rules:

It is necessary to ensure the normal duration of sleep - at least 8-9 hours at night. Afternoon rest for 1-2 hours is desirable.
Emotional and physical overload must be avoided; if they are possible at work, it is necessary to temporarily reduce the load (switch to easier work).
Moderate physical activity (walking in the fresh air, visiting the pool, gymnastics for pregnant women, etc.) helps to improve the blood supply to the brain and internal organs, has a beneficial effect on the emotional and physical state future mother.
Required reasonable approach to the organization of nutrition during pregnancy: in order to prevent an increase in blood pressure, it is necessary to exclude strong tea, coffee, alcohol in any amount. You need to give up spicy, spicy, fried food, canned food and smoked meats. Drinking no more than 1.5 l of liquid per day and no more than 5 g (1 teaspoon) of table salt is an important point in maintaining an optimal level of pressure.
It is necessary to control the increase in body weight (for the entire pregnancy, it should not be more than 10-12? kg, and with an initial weight deficit - more than 15? kg).
An important point is to control the level of blood pressure on both hands at least 2 times a day (morning and evening). On both arms, the pressure must be measured because the registration of different values of blood pressure (different by 5–10? mm Hg. Art.) indicates a violation of the regulation of vascular tone and is one of early signs development of gestosis.

When to go to the hospital

If hypertension is diagnosed before pregnancy, I trimester(for up to 12 weeks) requires hospitalization in the cardiology department. In the hospital, the severity of the disease will be clarified, the issue of the possibility of carrying a pregnancy will be resolved, and drugs approved for long-term use during pregnancy will be selected. In case of hypertension, planned hospitalization is carried out, in addition to the first trimester, at 28-32 weeks (the period of the greatest increase in circulating blood volume) and 1-2 weeks before delivery. Unscheduled hospitalization is indicated in the development of complications of pregnancy or in the deterioration of the course of hypertension.

With an increase blood pressure, which was first noted in the second half of pregnancy, hospital stay is required for additional examination, diagnosis clarification and timely detection of preeclampsia.

Future mothers with diseases of cardio-vascular system are sent to the pathology department at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy. This term is considered critical, since at this time there is the greatest increase in the volume of circulating blood and most often there is a deterioration in the condition of the pregnant woman. Hospitalization helps to avoid complications.

Antenatal hospitalization indicated for choice before delivery (at 38–39 weeks gestation) best method delivery and preparation for childbirth.

In the event of a deterioration in the condition of the expectant mother (increased blood pressure during treatment, headache, signs of circulatory failure, etc.), urgent hospitalization is carried out regardless of the duration of pregnancy.

High blood pressure values recorded at any stage of pregnancy (even in the good condition of the woman and the absence of clinical symptoms), require hospitalization for examination, identification of the causes of elevated blood pressure and selection of adequate treatment.

Almost every pregnancy is accompanied by different changes. Even those women who have not previously had problems with pressure, while carrying a baby, may encounter a problem. What to do? How dangerous for a pregnant woman?

Norm and pathology

Each person must constantly monitor their pressure. For someone, low is considered normal, and for someone a little high, while there are no complaints, a person can calmly do work, relax, nothing bothers him.

The expectant mother should be well versed in her norm. Then after visiting the doctor and measuring the pressure, she will know if there are deviations or not. It is important to understand that high performance can affect not only the well-being of the mother, but also the baby.

High blood pressure is especially dangerous in last period pregnancy. This suggests that a woman's heart often contracts, the volume of blood is increased. In some pregnant women, the problem occurs after the stress experienced, due to constant unrest, weather dependence, after increased physical exertion.

Attention! In the first period of pregnancy, high readings on the tonometer can warn of danger. Due to pressure, the walls of blood vessels begin to actively narrow, subsequently the fetus lacks oxygen, vital useful substances which are necessary for its development. Everything ends with slow physiological growth, spontaneous miscarriage.

In the second trimester, hypertension can lead to:

placental insufficiency.
Bleeding.
Chronic fetal oxygen deficiency.
Frozen pregnancy.

When do you need to urgently go to the doctor?

A pregnant woman should be worried if such unpleasant symptoms appear:

Noisy in the ears.
Severe pain and dizziness.
There are vision problems.
The whole body swells.

These signs cannot be ignored, otherwise everything will end, in which the woman’s immunity perceives the fetus as a foreign body, so a miscarriage occurs.

Causes

To know exactly why the pressure began to jump sharply, you need to find out the reason:

- a pathological condition in which the functionality of internal organs, capillaries is impaired. This pathology is indicated by a urinalysis in which the laboratory assistant detects a protein. The pregnant woman suffers from severe edema.
Chronic hypertension. If a woman suffered from pressure before pregnancy, during the period of bearing a baby, it will periodically rise.
Other diseases. Thyroid tumor can worsen the condition, renal pathologies, diabetes mellitus, hormonal failure.

Treatment Methods

If a pregnant woman suffers from arterial hypertension, it is necessary to take care of good nutrition. We'll have to forget about sweet, fatty, salty.

Important! You can’t take drugs for pressure on your own, use folk remedies, otherwise the condition will worsen.

Medical care includes: diagnosis, establishing the cause that led to high blood pressure, only after that they prescribe effective and safe drugs: Papazol, Egilok, Nifedipine.

Even if after taking medicines does not get better, the pregnant woman is urgently hospitalized to keep her pressure under control.

With hypertension, tincture of yarrow, motherwort, valerian, dog rose, calendula, hawthorn is effective. Pharmacies sell ready-made collection of herbs, with which you can quickly alleviate the condition.

For preventive purposes, a garlic compress is used, it must be applied to the forehead, feet, palms. To make such a compress, you need to finely chop the garlic, then add boiling water, wait 8 hours until the remedy is infused. For preventive purposes, you can take a bath with mint, birch leaves, yarrow, lemon balm.

It is necessary to reduce the pressure in the expectant mother with extreme caution, taking into account general recommendations that relate to rest, sleep, nutrition, and physical activity. If there are no contraindications, you can drink vegetable, fruit juice, green tea.

Therapeutic and preventive methods are selected depending on how severe hypertension is. A pregnant woman should remember healthy way life, forget about stress, nervous strain, smoking, alcohol. Very well soothe, strengthen health walks in the air. Doctors also recommend listening to your favorite music, having a positive attitude towards life, and not getting hung up on problems.

You need to forget about sweet chocolate, strong tea, coffee, other food, because of which pressure can rise sharply.
Doctors advise eating salad with beetroot, drinking fresh beetroot.
Stabilizes pressure in this way: you need thumb press on the point located in the fossa of the back of the head. Carry out the procedure about 10 times. You also need to find 3 points on the sides of the neck and click on them.
Perfectly reduces blood pressure cranberry juice, pumpkin decoction with the addition of honey. It is necessary to take a fresh pumpkin, cut it, boil it until it becomes soft. After throw everything on a sieve, put honey.
This method helps very well: you need to direct a stream of water (hot) to the neck, neck.
Place a towel dipped in apple cider vinegar. After 10 minutes it will be easier.
Contrasting foot baths reduce pressure.
Make a hand bath, only the water should be very hot.
Prepare a glass of mineral water + lemon juice+ honey (tablespoon).
If the pressure has jumped sharply, you must urgently pull yourself together, hold your breath, count to 10, then exhale.

So, pregnancy is a crucial period, so it is important to carefully monitor your well-being.

At each visit to the doctor, a pregnant woman has her blood pressure measured. This important indicator health status of both mother and baby. Ideally, blood pressure should be measured once a week. But in Russian clinics, this is done only during a scheduled examination, that is, approximately once every three weeks. With the slightest deviation, this should be done every day and even several times a day. It is very good to purchase a tonometer in advance in order to control the pressure at home on your own.

during pregnancy

Normal pressure in an adult healthy person is 120/80 mm Hg. Art. If a woman had just such a pressure before pregnancy, then during the gestation period it should not rise to 140/90 and decrease to 90/60. This average. Some people in normal condition"Working" pressure is very different from the norm. Therefore, during pregnancy, it will change within other limits. It’s good when a woman measures her blood pressure at the planning stage to determine the “working” rate.

Why is blood pressure monitoring important during pregnancy?

When inside the expectant mother appears new life, the load on the body increases. Now we need additional reserves that go to the growth and development of the baby. Metabolism is intensified, the volume of circulating blood increases, metabolism changes, even the heart is located differently. All this is necessary in order for the baby to be born healthy. If changes in the mother's body entail hypertension or hypotension, the fetus suffers first of all. It is very important to immediately take measures to stabilize your condition. But the difficulty is that almost all drugs that lower blood pressure are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Blood pressure measurements during pregnancy

In pregnant women, pressure indicators often deviate from the norm. It is important to take readings regularly and do it correctly. It makes no sense to take on a blood pressure monitor immediately after physical exertion, for example, climbing stairs. nervous tension, stresses too will not give an objective picture. In order for the picture to be accurate, you need to prepare in advance, sit in a chair or on a comfortable chair for about 15 minutes, calm down. And only then turn on the tonometer. Drinking tea or coffee, even without caffeine, is also not worth taking before measurements. Hot liquid is also capable of increasing pressure for a short period of time. It is generally better to take measurements at the same time, for example, before going to bed. During the measurement, the hand should be approximately at the level of the heart or slightly lower. Clothing must be loose.

High blood pressure

Often the pressure rises due to overwork or hereditary predisposition. But sometimes this symptom can signal a pathological conditions both mother and fetus, the most dangerous of which is preeclampsia. If there is no tonometer at hand, signs such as headache, nausea, vomiting, flies before the eyes, redness of the face, and tinnitus can indicate high blood pressure. If you notice any of these signs, you should immediately call your doctor or call ambulance. If the pressure rises with a certain frequency, but does not cause concern for the attending physician, you need to know how to lower the pressure during pregnancy on your own. By changing your daily diet and lifestyle, you can completely get rid of hypertension.

Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a type of high blood pressure in which traces of protein are also found in the urine. The disease occurs only in pregnant women. Pre-eclampsia can go away on its own after childbirth, but if not properly controlled and treated, it can turn into eclampsia, a condition that causes seizures and even coma. Treatment is carried out only in a hospital under the supervision of a physician.

In no case should you try to lower your blood pressure during pregnancy with a diagnosis of preeclampsia! There is another form of high blood pressure that occurs only in pregnant women - hypertension. With hypertension, there is no protein in the urine. It is found after the 20th week of pregnancy and disappears after childbirth. Hospitalization for this condition is not required, but pressure control is necessary, since in rare cases, by the end of the term, hypertension can turn into preeclampsia.

How to lower blood pressure during pregnancy

Salt and fats of animal origin have the ability to retain fluid in the body. With increased pressure, it is necessary to limit salt intake or eliminate it altogether. The same goes for animal fats. The cause of hypertension is often the consumption of foods such as chocolate, coffee, black tea. Reduce blood pressure during pregnancy will help lingonberry and cranberry fruit drinks. Raw cabbage, carrots, beets, spinach, pumpkin - all these products that lower blood pressure during pregnancy will also solve other problems, for example, they will save you from beriberi or rapid weight gain. Tea is better to drink with lemon and without sugar. An ambulance for high blood pressure is a cool shower and fresh air.

Drugs that lower blood pressure

If a woman suffered from high blood pressure even before pregnancy, then she probably has drugs in stock that can quickly come to the rescue. But what was good before is no longer acceptable in the new situation. can inflict irreparable harm to kid. Reception of any remedy must be agreed with the doctor. Since the risk for the baby is high, doctors without urgent need try not to prescribe drugs that reduce blood pressure during pregnancy. If the situation is not critical, the doctor may advise sedatives such as valerian or motherwort, and diuretics. If simple and safe sedatives do not help, the doctor may prescribe a ten-day course of Papazol or Dopegyt. For the planned treatment of high blood pressure, Metaprolol and Nifedipine are used. Additionally, "Papaverin", "No-Shpa" is prescribed. With very high pressure, a woman is invited to go to the hospital in order to carry out therapy under the supervision of specialists.

During the first trimester, pregnant women often experience reduced pressure. It happens that girls who are not yet aware of their situation begin to feel weak, fainting. Previously, before the advent of rapid tests, many believed that low blood pressure was a sign of pregnancy. In part, this is true. The fact is that it is low pressure that creates favorable conditions for the formation of new blood vessels. But normal rate should not be more than 10% of normal, low blood pressure should not cause fainting, ringing in the ears, nausea, feeling of lack of air. If any of these signs occur, you should immediately consult a doctor. Because dangerous symptom considered low during pregnancy. Lower (diastologic) pressure can warn of kidney problems. The attending physician is obliged in this case to prescribe an additional urine test. But no matter what data the tonometer fixes, it is impossible to take medications on your own in any case. It happens that the tests of the expectant mother are normal, but the state of health is not very good.

And if the whole pregnancy in this case, to alleviate your condition? Use simple but effective tips.

How to increase the pressure

Low blood pressure during pregnancy can be slightly corrected with the help of simple exercises.

Do a little warm-up every day, preferably on a fitball. This will improve blood circulation and slightly increase blood pressure.
Lie down on the sofa and put your legs on the back so that they are above the waist. In this position, there will be an outflow of blood from the feet, which will significantly improve well-being.
An ambulance for low pressure is a contrast shower. Be sure to finish the procedure with cool water.

Low blood pressure during pregnancy is often the result of lack of sleep or physical fatigue. Deep sleep and walks in the fresh air will help to cope with poor health. Sometimes it is useful to eat a piece of salted fish or a cracker. Salt retains water in the body, and from the liquid, the pressure rises.

Even if you feel well, you should regularly measure your blood pressure. This will allow timely detection and prevention of the slightest deviations from the norm without harm to mother and baby.