White raised spots on the body. How does this process take place? Skin damage

White spots can appear on the skin for various reasons. They are treated as serious diseases internal organs and external factors: burns or skin injuries. When a pathology appears, you should consult a doctor and find out why white spots appear on the skin, and then proceed to complex treatment. The sooner therapy is prescribed, the greater the likelihood of a complete recovery.

Causes of white spots on the skin

In medicine, there are several main factors that increase the likelihood of white spots. These include the following:

• Diseases of some internal organs - thyroid gland, kidneys and adrenal glands, pathology of the intestines, stomach, liver;
• failure in immunity - a special condition when the immune system begins to destroy the melanocytes that the body produces;
• hereditary predisposition to vitiligo;
• pregnancy;
• constant stress;
• infectious diseases;
• fungi cause skin diseases, followed by white spots.

So is it possible to get rid of stains or not? Today at in social networks the transformation of a student who, in 30 days, completely got rid of the spots that covered her body from head to toe, is vigorously discussed. How is this possible?

Sometimes white spots appear on the skin as a result of external factors:

• injury;
• sunburn - in these cases, light pink spots appear on the skin, then light pigmentation appears on it;
• prolonged contact with chemicals, some types of synthetic materials.

Types of white spots

1. Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by the destruction of melanocytes. The disease is not yet fully understood. It is believed that white spots appear due to malfunctions in the immune system, disruption of the endocrine gland, or pathology is inherited. The development of pigmentation is promoted by constant stress.

This serious illness, in which white spots have even borders. As the disease progresses, light spots on the skin of a child or adult grow and merge with each other. Vitiligo appears all over the body: face, hands, neck. The spots are hard to miss, they cause great psychological discomfort, especially if they are on the face.

1. - the disease is provoked by fungi. The patches are slightly darker than those of vitiligo, but also do not tan in the sun. Under long exposure sun rays pigmentation becomes lighter and more distinct. At pityriasis versicolor not only light, but also numerous reddish spots appear, which constantly increase in size. Light spots on the skin are flaky and have an irregular shape.
2. Leukoderma is a disease in which the production of melanin disappears or is disrupted. The most common is syphilitic leukoderma, caused by syphilis. Main symptom- small rounded white spots appear on the body.

In more rare cases, white dots on the skin appear with other diseases. These include:

• pigmentless nevus - birthmark or a mole on the skin is not only red-brown and red and white. There is also a colorless pathology. These spots can lead to the development malignant neoplasm(melanoma);
• white lichen - the disease is characterized by uneven white circles throughout the body. Usually appear in children and adolescents. At first, the spots on the skin of a child have a red tint, then they become white;
• idiopathic hypomelanosis - with this pathology, small spots on the skin appear on the body light color no larger than five millimetres. A pigmented lesion appeared on the arms, shoulders, face, shins. Initially, the spots do not cause any sensations, but if there is no treatment, they begin to peel off.

Photo of white spots on the head

Treatment

Therapy depends on the underlying disease. After contacting a dermatologist, the doctor will diagnose white spots on the skin and find out the nature of their appearance, tell you the name of the disease. In each situation, treatment should be comprehensive and selected individually.

It depends on the form and degree of neglect of the disease, the general condition of the patient, concomitant diseases, age. If a white spot appears on the skin of a child, then the treatment will differ from the methods of treating adults.

PUVA Therapy - What is it?

Removal of white spots on the skin of the hands, face and trunk caused by vitiligo is performed using special procedure- photochemotherapy. It is effective for people with dark skin. The patient is taking medications that increase the sensitivity of the skin to light. These include: "", "Psoberan", "Melagenin", "Methoxelan". Then the patient visits a special solarium and receives a certain dose of ultraviolet radiation.

How to treat white spots on the skin with a laser

During the procedure is used. The method is similar to PUVA therapy, but a higher dose of radiation is given. The method is quite effective and copes even with old light spots. The main disadvantage is the high probability of getting burns. Treatment of white spots on the skin with a laser is a rather expensive procedure.

Skin graft

The operation is performed with vitiligo. The method is used only if a small light spot appears on the skin, and when other methods of therapy have not led to any result. Often, donor tissue is subjected to PUVA therapy, since after transplantation, the skin may lose pigments.

After the operation, the patient is prescribed immunomodulators and vitamin therapy. Patients are advised to take a course of vitamins C, B12 and B9.

What does traditional medicine say

Home methods can be used in parallel with official, medical therapy and diet. Any prescription should be used after a diagnosis has been made (when a person knows why white spots appeared on the skin, what kind of disease it is and what its causes are). Initially, you should consult with your doctor.

1. St. John's wort helps with vitiligo. Take a teaspoon of a dry plant and brew two hundred milliliters of boiling water. Dosage - one tablespoon three times a day. The course of treatment is three weeks, then take a seven-day break and repeat the therapy.
2. Mix black ground pepper with soda. Take both components in equal amounts. Regularly rub the composition into white spots on the skin of the hands, face and entire torso. With continued use of the product, the skin becomes natural color.
3. Promotes recovery from vitiligo ointment from St. John's wort. Mix dry grass and olive oil, taken in proportions of 1 to 10. Soak for half an hour in a water bath. Store the finished ointment in a dark glassware. Apply the remedy to the affected areas. It is recommended to use together with a decoction of St. John's wort.
4. To get rid of pityriasis versicolor, sorrel ointment will help. Mix gruel from fresh sorrel with heavy cream or sour cream. Rub into the affected areas, the course of treatment is ten days.
5. In the treatment of pityriasis versicolor running form effective immortelle. Take 40 grams of inflorescences and pour two cups of boiling water. Infuse the decoction for two hours, then strain. Lubricate the white spots on the skin of the face and the whole body with this decoction.
6. Pityriasis versicolor is afraid of boric acid. Dilute the powder in boiling water, according to the instructions. Wipe regularly dark spots warm solution boric acid. You will soon notice an improvement.
7. With white lichen, aloe juice helps. Cut a fresh aloe leaf lengthwise. Lubricate regularly fresh juice affected areas of the skin.
8. Effective in the treatment of white lichen herbal infusion. To prepare it, you need to mix a teaspoon of celandine, wormwood and tansy herbs. Pour the mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for ten hours in a warm place. Make lotions from the decoction three times a day. Don't forget to strain the infusion.
9. If white spots appear on the skin after sunburn, then it is necessary to minimize exposure to direct sunlight. Sometimes pathology provokes sunscreen, in which case it must be changed to another.

How to treat white spots with medical ointments

Vitiligo is being treated hormonal creams local purpose. They can only be used as directed by a doctor. The main ointments include the following:

• Prednisolone is a hormonal corticosteroid. It is used according to the instructions, it contains contraindications. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect;
• Betamethasone Dipropionate is a synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory effects. It is used once a day in the form of an application. May cause dryness and redness of the skin;
• "Clobetasol propionate" - belongs to the group of glucocorticoid drugs. The cream is applied to a light spot once a day, thin layer. Used for two to six months.

Hormonal ointments have a number of contraindications, have side effects. They should not be used without a doctor's permission.

Diet

A special menu allows you to prevent white spots under the skin, and in case of a disease, it will speed up the healing process. The diet should include dishes that accelerate the production of melanocytes. Copper and iron with zinc are responsible for the production.

With a deficiency of copper, blood formation worsens, a person quickly overworks. A significant amount of this trace element is found in cucumbers, cheese, rose hips, pork liver and cocoa powder.

Zinc is essential for the normal functioning of cells. With its deficiency, appetite decreases, develops skin diseases, patches of light brown, dark or white shade. Foods rich in zinc: pumpkin seeds, sunflowers, nuts, mushrooms, blueberries.

Iron deficiency primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoiesis. A large amount of this element is part of: liver (pork and beef), eggs, raspberries, legumes (peas and beans), prunes, buckwheat.

Conclusion

Skin pathologies are a concern for many people. Pigmented lesions bring psychological discomfort, especially if they are in open places (for example: white spots on the lips under the skin, on the forehead or cheeks).

They appear for various reasons, both internal and external factors. If a light spot or several spots occur, it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor.

White pigment spots - the result serious problems inside the body. The lesions are associated with the disease vitiligo. The reason lies in a variety of skin pathologies that cause the cessation of the work of melanocytes - melanin secretors - a substance that maintains the same tone. skin. The name of the disorder is depigmentation.

The disease affects people of all genders, races, and ages. White spotty discharge does not bring painful, itchy sensations. Uncomfortable communication with the outside world. Self-esteem decreases, stressful situations worsen, depression begins.

Vitiligo - chronic illness, expressed by the appearance skin secretions. White pigment spots on the body are the result of an insufficient amount of melanin.

Risk factor - men, women under the age of twenty-six. Scientists have not identified an official theory of the occurrence of pathology.

Vitiligo besides cosmetic problems does not cause symptoms. After the appearance of a new discharge, light scratching of the damaged area, comparable to insect bites, is acceptable.

external, internal problems organisms that cause vitiligo:

• abnormal work of the digestive system;
• weak unprotected immune system;
• disruption of the processes of the endocrine system caused by false messages from the pituitary gland;
• violation of metabolic processes;
• diseases of the organs of the endocrine system of internal secretion;
• long-term daily use sunbathing, causing strong tan, burns;
• mechanical damage to the bones of the skeleton;
• rehabilitation of diseases caused by infection;
• An excess of metals, toxins, phenol;
• genetic predisposition.

Pityriasis versicolor - the cause of pigmentation

Pigmented white spots are the result of the spread of pityriasis versicolor - the pathology of the infection. Additional wording - colored lichen. The risk zone is middle-aged men. Acceptable weather conditions - tropical climate. The disease is rare in the elderly and children.

The cause of the spots is the intensive reproduction of the fungus Malassezia furfur.

The skin is inhabited by Malassezia furfur ninety percent of people. The fungus is harmless. The emergence of favorable conditions leads to rapid reproduction, provoking the disease, we deprive.

Breeding conditions:

1) fat type skin;

2) humid climate;

3) not enough nutrients diet;

4) weakened immunity;

5) excessive sweating;

6) violation of the autonomic nervous system;

7) uncontrolled release of hormones;

8) the use of hormonal drugs;

9) the use of antibiotics;

10) long exposure to the sun;

11) diseases of the endocrine system.

A symptom of lichen is a violation of skin pigmentation. The affected area is the chest, areas covered with hair, abdomen, neck. Lichen is called colored because of the change of colors: white, red. The last stage is the appearance of brown spots.

The disease is accompanied by itching of the damaged areas.

The treatment is carried out with the use of drugs against fungi. The first way is to use ointments: Chamois, Mecozolone, Lamisil. The second way is the use of antibacterial agents: Kanizola, Mycozoral, Mifungara. Doctors prescribe Nystatin to patients with advanced diseases.

Lichen simplex - the cause of pigmentation

Risk zone - children, adolescents. The historical origin of lichen simplex is unknown. Fungi are inactive, the disease often goes away on its own.

Treatment is necessary, despite the safety of the disease.

The origin of lichen simplex is unknown. The theories put forward are refuted by obvious facts. Probable Cause distribution - a fungus that is in the skin of a person. Diseases that provoke the spread of fungal formations:

• dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction;
• severe bronchial diseases;
• skin pathology transmitted from parents;
• fever.

Children from one to seventeen years of age suffer from the spread of lichen disease. Appearance is the only symptom of the disease. In most cases, ringworm goes away on its own.

Brown spots become inflamed in winter, peeling in summer. A visit to the doctor is recommended to avoid the occurrence of a more serious skin disease.

What is leukoderma

Leukoderma (syphilis) - the second stage of a sexually transmitted disease - syphilis. It occurs in women struggling with the disease for a long time. It is considered a nervous disorder. The affected area is the neck, not far from the parietal and temporal zones of the skull. There may be spots on the shoulders and back.

The first symptoms develop two months after infection with syphilis. Possible stains on long years. The symptom is like this.

1) Violation of pigmentation spreads throughout the body except for the feet and palms. Spot color: pink, white, red, yellow. Possible symptoms colds: fever, weakness, throwing into heat and cold.

2) Hair loss and loss of most of the hair follicles.

3) The spread of the disease to the control of the vocal cords. Heaviness in the voice.

4) Stains are not exposed inflammatory processes and surface peeling.

Perhaps the overflow of spotted leukoderma into lacy.

Treatment of the disease involves the elimination of the cause - syphilis. Antibiotics are used. It is important to remember that healing is a long process that requires patience.

Idiopathic hypomelanosis

Idiopathic hypomelanosis is expressed in the appearance of white dots. The size does not exceed five millimeters. The skin has normal view and structure. It is necessary to follow the rules of treatment to prevent the occurrence of peeling.

The risk zone is women aged forty years who have light shade hair. The affected areas are the upper parts of the body.

"Idiopathic" translates as "unknown". The cause of occurrence has no scientific evidence.

Improper nutrition is one of the causes of white pigmentation

Problems with digestive system- Significant causes of the disease. It's important to follow the rules.

• Avoid going to fast food restaurants.
• Fruits and vegetables are essential foods in the diet.
• It is important to consider switching to healthy lifestyle life.

Basic Treatments

A video lesson will tell about the methods of treating age spots:

Any change in our habitual appearance attract attention, cause anxiety and desire to eliminate them. Especially in cases where they can threaten not only aesthetics, but also health.

White patches on the skin of the face or body- not an exception. Some of them are harmless, pass quickly and without the participation of a doctor, but there are also those that indicate serious problems in the body and require the obligatory help of a dermatologist, cosmetologist, and sometimes an oncologist.

What causes such defects, what types are they and what should be the treatment? We'll figure out. The appearance on the skin of areas that are lighter than its main tone, in most cases, is caused by a violation of pigmentation or blood supply. There may be several reasons:

• reduction in content or complete absence in melanin pigment skin cells (as a result of death or suppression of melanocyte activity);
• local circulatory disorders due to persistent vasospasm;
• spots on the surface a large number scales and crusts;
• cicatricial changes in the skin (formation of an atrophic scar).

Such marks can be located on different parts of the face and body, have an individual shape and size, persist for a long time or appear and disappear on their own - under the influence of provoking factors or as a result of ongoing treatment. Next, we will consider in more detail all their types and features of each.

In what cases are white spots not dangerous to health?

A change in color in a separate area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin can be caused solely by external factors, without the participation of a fungal or other infection and other pathological processes in our body:

• Traces of damage

At first, the injured areas of the skin will be noticeably lighter than the surrounding tissues. Their further condition depends on how many melanocytes are preserved - cells that are responsible for the production of melanin pigment and are located in the basal layer of the epidermis. In addition, the healing of any open wound is accompanied by the formation of a crust, the skin under which has absolutely White color. This is not surprising, because it has not yet been exposed to ultraviolet radiation and has not accumulated enough melanin in order to not differ from other areas.

So, after a burn received on the beach or in a solarium, the epidermis is exfoliated in small plates or exfoliates in large pieces, exposing new light areas of the skin. Gradually, their tone will return to normal. But after severe burns, including chemical ones, white spots can remain forever. In particular, persistent pigmentation disorders have been observed in some patients after unsuccessful phenol peels.

• Traces at the site of skin compression

Such marks may appear, for example, after horizontal solarium. Areas that bear the weight of the body remain completely white, while the rest will visibly tan. This usually happens with the protruding parts of the shoulder blades and pelvic bones. In order to avoid uneven tanning, it is necessary to change the position of the body from time to time.

White spots as a symptom of various diseases

These are more serious cases, and most often they require medical intervention or at least observation. Most types of lichen, not to mention these unpleasant things as secondary syphilis, they do not go away on their own and pose a threat not only to the patient himself, but also to his close circle:

• Simple lichen of the face (abortive form of impetigo)

Belongs to the group of streptococcal pyodermatitis. It is mainly found in children, less often in adults who work for outdoors. The main symptom is light pink spots on the face, which are covered with a large number of small crusts. Peeling makes them almost white, especially against the background of a tan. The disease may resolve spontaneously if summer time a person spends a lot of time in the sun. More reliable will be targeted treatment, which uses various topical disinfectants.

• Pityriasis versicolor (versus versicolor)

The causative agent of this disease is a fungus that multiplies in the stratum corneum of the epidermis and is activated under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Favorite localization - the skin of the back and chest, but can also occur on the arms, neck, scalp. Appears in the form skin spots with uneven edges, the surface of which is slightly peeling. On the background tanned skin such spots look almost white due to the abundance of scales on them. To treat the disease, you can use any antifungal agents. local application, for example "Exoderil" or an alcohol solution of iodine, sometimes they are supplemented with oral preparations, such as "Rumikoz".

Photo 3.4 - simple lichen on the face and it is also in high magnification:

Photo 5.6 - pityriasis versicolor on the back and on the chest:

• Lupoid tuberculosis of the skin

The white spot that remains in place of the healed tuberculous tubercles is nothing more than an atrophic scar. Its fabric easily gathers into folds like tissue paper. Favorite localization: skin of the face, neck, scalp, hands and feet. The disease usually begins in childhood or adolescence and proceeds for a long time, sometimes for years. Treatment of skin tuberculosis is carried out in a specialized institution under the supervision of a phthisiatrician.

• Poikiloderma

It is manifested by mesh pigmentation, telangiectasias (dilated vessels), atrophied areas, small white spots and peeling, which makes the skin look variegated. A symptom of a number of diseases, such as skin lymphoma, congenital dyskeratosis, connective tissue pathology. The first step in treatment is the identification and elimination of the underlying pathology, after which local aesthetic correction of existing skin defects is carried out using peels or laser procedures.

• Vitiligo

This disease leads to the disappearance of melanin on part of the skin, resulting in white spots on the entire surface of the body. irregular shape. Among possible causes doctors call autoimmune processes, endocrine disorders, infectious diseases, stress. However, the exact mechanism for the development of pathology has not yet been established, therefore, the treatment of vitiligo is far from always successful.

Basically, patients are prescribed PUVO therapy: taking drugs that increase skin sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, and ultraviolet irradiation sessions. Most radical method- skin grafting. There are also cases when white spots in vitiligo disappeared spontaneously, but the mechanism for restoring normal skin pigmentation, as well as the factors provoking it, has not yet been studied.

By the way, in one of the seasons of "America's Next Top Model" a girl with a pronounced form of vitiligo named Winnie Harlow participated. And the skin defect did not prevent her from fulfilling herself: now Winnie is a professional model, participates in photo shoots, demonstrates designer clothes on the catwalks and is happy to be photographed for gossip columns.

• Secondary manifestations of syphilis

On the chest and forehead of patients, white spots of a rounded shape appear, so characteristic that they are called the “Necklace of Venus” and the “Crown of Venus”. Rarely, they can spread throughout the body, including the palms and soles. Rashes can spontaneously disappear, and then return again, often accompanied by fever, headache, and malaise. Local treatment V this case useless: it is necessary to fight syphilis itself, for this antibiotics, immunomodulators, restorative and physiotherapeutic procedures are used.

Photo 9.10 - secondary syphilis; vitiligo on the neck and scalp:

Photo 11 - Winnie Harlow - a model with pigmentation disorders all over her face and body (vitiligo):

• Hypomelanosis in children

White spots on the skin at an early age indicate a violation at one or several stages of melanin production. They usually appear after serious illness in the first months or years of a child's life, have a rounded shape and a clear contour. By themselves, they usually do not cause anxiety and are relatively easy to remove with retinoids or special peels. However, with any manifestations of hypomelanosis, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive examination, since the pathological process can affect not only the skin, but also the central and peripheral systems, leading to a delay in the development of the baby.

• Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

It occurs in women over 40 years of age. On open parts of the body (shoulders, neck, arms, face), small white spots of a rounded shape, 2-5 mm in diameter, appear, caused by pigmentation disorders. The exact causes of the pathology are unknown; hereditary predisposition is considered the most likely. The main trigger is prolonged exposure to the sun. Retinoids (topically), cryomassage, photochemotherapy are used for treatment.

Photo 12.13 - children's hypomelanosis on the back and other parts of the body:

Photo 14.15 - idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis on the skin of the hands:

• Anemic nevus

Single or multiple formations, which are caused by local spasm of blood vessels that feed the skin. As a result, partially bled areas appear, which outwardly look like light spots of irregular shape. With age, they can increase in size, but at the same time they do not itch, do not peel off and do not cause discomfort other than aesthetic. Unfortunately, effective way there is no treatment for an anemic nevus (theoretically, it can be removed, but in this case, scars are guaranteed to remain on the skin), you can only mask it decorative cosmetics or special ointments.

• Non-pigmented (depigmented) nevus

Requires consultation with a dermatologist or oncologist, as it can potentially represent serious threat for the health and life of the patient, up to degeneration into melanoma. But you should not be afraid in advance, for the usual non-pigmented nevus, only observation is necessary. As long as hair grows on its surface, there is no peeling and itching, the formation is not dangerous and does not require treatment. The main thing is to protect this area of ​​the skin from damage and regular mechanical impact: they most often cause adverse changes. As for the aesthetic side of the issue, then, as in the case of an anemic nevus, removal will not give the desired effect.

Photo 16.17 - anemic nevi of the body:

Photo 18.19 - white scales on the skin of the hands and blotches on the nails, a symptom of beriberi:

• Avitaminosis

Behind healthy look our skin is most responsible for vitamins D, E and B12. Their deficiency can lead to various changes its colors and textures, including the appearance of light spots and scales. Another common symptom- white patches on the nails in the form of dots or stripes, they may indicate a lack of calcium, zinc and other trace elements. In these cases, it is necessary to establish which substances are in short supply (usually a dermatologist or nutritionist does this based on a blood test) and adjust your diet by adding desired products and/or pharmacological complexes. It is not worth delaying with a new diet, since spots are only one, and far from the most serious, of possible problems with health caused by a lack of vitamins.

• Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma

A light (but not completely white) patch on the skin that occurs without apparent reason and gradually increases in size, may be one of the manifestations of basal cell carcinoma. In this case, the edges of the formation are somewhat raised above the healthy areas, sometimes they have a bluish tint, and expanded blood vessels. Also, it may look like a light yellow scar that appears on intact skin and gradually increases in size.

Squamous cell carcinoma is similar to basal cell carcinoma, however, it has a more aggressive course and some external features: the spot on the skin is dry, rough, scaly, it can be either almost white or darker and pinkish. Approaches to the treatment of skin cancer are determined by the stage of the oncological process, the location of the formation, its volume and area. And, of course, the sooner the patient seeks qualified medical help, the greater the chances of a full recovery.

What to do if a white spot appears on the skin?

In most cases, there is no need to worry. But making an appointment with a dermatologist will still be useful. In the meantime, the appointed day of visiting the doctor comes up, you can observe the condition of the skin. The following data will be important for making a diagnosis:

• when the spot appeared, what was its original size, shape, how its size changed over time;
• are there scales, peeling;
• are there other accompanying symptoms - itching, malaise, fever, etc.;
• whether relatives or people with whom a person often communicates have the same manifestations.

Before a medical consultation, do not apply any medicines, moisturizers and others cosmetics, as this may interfere with the diagnosis, as well as provoke the appearance of irritation or an allergic reaction.

White spots on the skin feature some pathological processes in the body. Quite often, this symptom is a sign of such a genetic disease as. In any case, the course of therapy should be prescribed only by the attending physician, after an accurate diagnosis. Self-medication is unacceptable.

Etiology

Light spots on the skin may be due to the following etiological reasons:

• systemic and autoimmune diseases;
• ailments of a dermatological nature;
• diseases with fungal etiology;
• tuberculous sclerosis;
• hypomelanosis (as a rule, white spots on the skin of a child appear in the first months of life);
• thermal or sunburn;
• allergic reactions to certain medications;
• leukopathy;
• disturbed metabolism;
• strong, prolonged emotional overstrain;
• hormonal disorders;
• mechanical damage to the skin;
• forced contact with chemicals;
• increased susceptibility to sunlight (in this case, white spots form on the skin after sunburn).

It should be noted that some etiological factors can provoke the formation white spot on the skin of a child. So, hypomelanosis can be in children only early age- from 2 months to two years.

It is also necessary to understand that only a profile specialist is engaged in an accurate diagnosis. medical specialist. Self-medication is strongly not recommended, as this can aggravate the development of the pathological process, which will lead to serious complications.

Symptoms

In this case, the overall clinical picture cannot be distinguished, since everything depends on the underlying factor. So, if the cause of white spots on the skin of the hands or on the body was fungal disease, the clinical picture can manifest itself in the form of such specific signs:

• the spots may have an even oval shape;
• peeling, itching spots;
• over time, bubbles with liquid may form at the site of the rash, which subsequently burst and dry out.

White pigment spots on the skin can be a manifestation of vitiligo. In this case, the symptoms may manifest as follows:

• white dry spots on the face, arms, legs, in the armpits, in the area of ​​​​scars or scars;
• application cosmetic products does not affect the intensity of the symptom.

There are no irritants at the same time - the spots do not itch, peeling is not observed. It should be noted that on this moment There are no drugs that can completely eliminate this disease.

Leukoderma has a clinical picture similar to vitiligo. This disease is a complication. In this case, white spots on the skin of the legs and arms do not have a clear geometric shape and size; they do not cause irritation and itching.

If tuberculous sclerosis has become the cause of the formation of white spots on the skin, the symptom may be supplemented by the following clinical manifestations:

• spots are located diffusely;
• the main localization site is the back, buttocks, arms and legs (with the exception of the hands and feet), and the abdomen. There are no rashes in the genital area;
• fibrous plaques may form at the site of the rash;
• epileptic seizures;
• mental deterioration is possible.

In the presence of the above clinical manifestations, it is necessary to seek advice from a dermatologist. It should be understood that many of the ailments that are included in the list etiological factors, can be transmitted by household means, therefore, treatment should take place only according to the doctor's instructions and in a timely manner.

Diagnostics

If you have such a symptom, you should contact. If necessary, he will redirect the patient to a specialized medical specialist.

First of all, a thorough physical examination is carried out with the clarification of the general anamnesis. For an accurate diagnosis, a specific diagnostic program is assigned, which may include such laboratory and instrumental research methods:

• blood sampling for general and biochemical studies;
• general urine analysis;
• allergen test;
• research on STDs;
• biopsy of the affected epidermis;
• examination of the skin with a Wood's lamp.

The diagnostic program can be adjusted, as everything depends on the current clinical picture and the general history of the patient. Based on the results of the examination, the doctor can prescribe the correct therapy program.

Treatment

How to treat white spots can only be said after the root cause has been established. If manifestation given symptom due to vitiligo, the course of therapy will be only symptomatic, since it is impossible to completely eliminate this disease. Basic therapy may include the following:

• application local funds to reduce the intensity of manifestation of rashes (ointments, lotions);
• general drug treatment systemic drugs;
• physiotherapy.

In more complex clinical cases, it is possible surgical intervention. Removing stains in this way is a last resort.

Generally drug therapy may include taking the following medications:

• corticosteroids;
• anti-inflammatory;
• antibiotics;
• photosensitizing agents;
• calcineurin inhibitors;
• immunomodulating;
• vitamin and mineral complexes;
• to stabilize the work of the nervous system - antidepressants, sedatives.

The dosage and regimen of taking medications is prescribed only by the attending physician.

If the cause of this symptom is fungal infection, then the treatment program includes antimycotic local substances - ointments, sprays and gels.

As for the treatment folk recipes, then they can only be used as prescribed by a doctor and as an addition to the main course of treatment. In addition, such funds can be used as a preventive measure.

Prevention

There are no specific preventive measures, as this is a symptom, not a specific disease. In general, the following rules should be followed:

• with prolonged exposure to the sun, you need to use protective cosmetic products;
• timely treatment of all fungal and infectious diseases;
• complete nutrition;
• regular medical examination.

At the first symptoms, you need to seek medical help, and not self-medicate.

Localized change in skin color light spots brings not only aesthetic discomfort, but can also be the result of the development of various pathological processes. There are a number of causes for spots, some of which may include infections.

White spots - what is it, the mechanism of their appearance

The skin and its appendages contain the pigment melanin, which gives them the appropriate color. It is found in melanocytes. In a situation in which the number of melanocytes and, accordingly, the level of melanin content in them decreases, the intensity of skin staining decreases. It can appear on the entire surface of the skin or locally, forming a white spot.

Why do areas on the skin with a reduced content of melanin appear?

Light spots are not a separate disease, but a manifestation of a pathological process leading to a decrease in the number of melanocytes or melanin content in them under the influence of various factors. Allocate infectious and non-infectious causes of the appearance of areas of skin depigmentation.

infectious factors

One of the most common infectious causes that causes white spots is a specific fungal infection called pityriasis, or solar lichen. It is characterized by a number of features:

• Spots are rarely solitary early stages development of the infectious process, they mainly appear on the back.
• Areas of depigmentation have clear boundaries.
• In case of insufficient exposure to sunlight ( winter period years) they acquire Brown color. From the sun or after visiting the solarium, the skin in the area of ​​\u200b\u200ba fungal infection does not tan, they discolor again. Such spots are more clearly visible on tanned skin.

As the fungal infection progresses, characteristic peeling forms on the surface of light spots. The infectious process is often accompanied by lymphadenitis with an increase in regional lymph nodes, which can be felt in the form of dense formations under the skin.

Non-infectious factors

There are several somatic skin diseases that are not associated with an infectious process, which are characterized by impaired functional activity or death of melanocytes with the formation of light spots on the skin. These include hypomelanosis, rosacea, and vitiligo. Each disease in this group has characteristics flows and manifestations.

Hypomelanosis

The disease develops in children, mostly at an early age. The exact mechanism of local skin depigmentation remains unclear. The appearance of white spots provokes a severe pathology, a violation of the functional activity of the central and peripheral nervous system. In a child, against the background of exposure to provoking factors, small areas of depigmentation appear.

pink lichen

Pink deprive or deprive Zhibera mainly develops in adults after suffering viral infections. Usually, a single spot of relatively large size of any localization appears first. Then smaller child areas of depigmentation spread from it. The skin in the area of ​​the spots does not peel off and does not itch. Usually, these formations disappear on their own over time, and the skin color is completely restored.

One of the most common causes non-infectious origin of whites spots on the skin - vitiligo. The mechanism of development of the pathological process is characterized by the fact that melanocytes in different parts of the skin cease to synthesize the melanin pigment. Vitiligo is manifested by the fact that white spots appear on various parts of the body - on the skin of the arms, legs, torso, face, lips. Over time, they increase in size and merge.

Significant sizes of spots in vitiligo are the cause sunburn, which is associated with the absence of melanin, which performs a protective function and protects cells from the ultraviolet spectrum of light.

Diagnostics

Finding out the causes of the appearance of white spots is carried out by a narrow medical specialist - a dermatologist. He performs a clinical examination of the patient (interrogation, examination, palpation of tissues) and makes a preliminary conclusion. Then, if necessary, he appoints an additional study, including various methods laboratory and instrumental diagnostics.

Treatment

To combat pityriasis versicolor, various antifungal drugs are prescribed. Children with the development of hypomelanosis are prescribed vitamin A preparations, as well as cosmetic procedures in the form of skin exfoliation. For the treatment of pink lichen, local treatment is used using alcohol solution salicylic acid. Therapeutic activities in vitiligo are complex, they are aimed at identifying and eliminating the provoking factor.

A successful fight against white spots on the skin is possible only in a medical institution with a specialist doctor.