Miscarriage very early term symptoms. Carrying weights, falling, violent sex life. How does an early miscarriage occur?

In the first weeks of pregnancy, a miscarriage may occur, but the woman may not know that she was pregnant. A miscarriage is a serious stress for the hormonal and immune systems female body. Pregnancy failure (miscarriage) before delay menstrual cycle usually occurs due to a violation of the process of implantation of embryonic cells into the endometrial cavity at the very beginning of pregnancy. Menstruation with such a failure occurs with a slight delay or on time, so it is difficult for a woman to understand whether there was a miscarriage. In this case, all the signs of pregnancy that could already appear, the woman most often takes for the symptoms of an ordinary pregnancy. premenstrual syndrome. No one knows exactly how often miscarriages occur in the first or second week of pregnancy. However, whether there was a miscarriage, some symptoms can still be determined.

Signs of a miscarriage at 2 weeks pregnant

To understand whether there was a miscarriage in early pregnancy, you need to carefully listen to your body. In many women, a miscarriage is accompanied by heavy menstrual flow with blood clots. Sometimes you can see separate fragments in them. fruiting egg pearl- gray color.

Blood after a miscarriage at the very beginning usually has a brownish tint. With increased bleeding, spotting acquires a bright scarlet color. Bleeding during a miscarriage can be moderate or very intense.

Blood after a miscarriage can stand out one to two weeks. With prolonged bleeding, it is imperative to consult a doctor so that the pregnancy can be maintained.

To find out if there was a miscarriage, a blood test will help. The level of hCG in the blood plasma remains high for another ten days after the miscarriage. Define hCG level at home, you can use the usual test. Even a barely noticeable second strip may indicate that there was a pregnancy.

Measuring your basal body temperature will also help determine if you've had a miscarriage. A frequent sign a miscarriage at 2 weeks of gestation is considered a decrease in basal temperature to normal.

Termination of pregnancy may be accompanied by pain syndrome. The pain may come and go again. With a miscarriage, pain most often covers the abdomen and back.

However, it is impossible to accurately determine whether there was a miscarriage, only by painful sensations. Indeed, in some cases, the rejection of the fetus occurs completely painlessly.

The main stages of a miscarriage

Doctors distinguish several stages of spontaneous abortion. In the first stage, aching most often appears. pain in the abdomen and lower back. A little later, bloody discharge may appear from the genital tract. If at this stage you apply for medical care and in a timely manner to find out if there was a miscarriage, then in most cases the pregnancy can be saved.

In the second stage of a miscarriage, pain may be cramping. There is severe dizziness and weakness. However, even at this stage of miscarriage, pregnancy can be saved. Timely prescribed hormonal treatment will help eliminate the factor that provokes a miscarriage.

At the next stage of miscarriage, severe pain is accompanied by bleeding in a significant amount. At this stage, the fertilized egg dies, and it is no longer possible to continue the pregnancy. In medicine, the phenomenon is also known complete miscarriage when the fetal egg leaves the uterine cavity not entirely, but in separate parts.

On last stage termination of pregnancy, the fetal egg is completely rejected from the uterine cavity. The uterus contracts and gradually restores its former size. To make sure whether the miscarriage was complete, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound examination. After all, sometimes the fetal egg dies, but remains in the uterine cavity. All the symptoms of pregnancy in a woman disappear, but at the same time the state of health worsens (frozen pregnancy). In this case, to eliminate gestational sac resort to curettage of the uterine cavity.

Curettage must be done in a timely manner to prevent inflammation of the appendages and the development of endometritis. After all, such complications can lead to impaired ovarian function and further development of infertility.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

A miscarriage in the first trimester is such an event that no lady wants to face. After the pregnancy test showed the coveted two strips, a completely new period begins. Parents are now busy choosing a name for the child, planning the future children's room. Passing by shops, they involuntarily look at strollers, high chairs, clothes for the baby. Unfortunately, not every pregnancy ends with a favorable outcome. The thing is that many ladies have to deal with such a problem as pregnancy. What the embryo looks like (photo) in the first trimester can be found in the specialized literature. In this article, we will talk in more detail about miscarriage, its main causes and symptoms.

general information

A miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy that occurs due to a variety of reasons. As a rule, this problem is diagnosed for up to 12 weeks. Late miscarriages are quite rare.

How is this problem developing?

A miscarriage is a direct rejection of the fetus by the female body due to the influence of any factors. The fetus can leave the mother's womb completely, which happens extremely rarely, or partially. The first option is found only in the very first weeks of the existence of the embryo in the womb. Women, in some cases, obvious signs the problem that happened.

If there are any causes of miscarriage on early dates pregnancy, for example, an infectious disease, the woman's body begins to actively fight the fetus. As a result, the formation of the so-called placental mass, which is responsible for communication, does not occur. little man with Mother. In the body of the fetus, bodies are also successively formed, which by all means prevent the union with the female body and the receipt of various nutrients from it. As a result, the internal organs of the embryo receive all kinds of pathologies, and its shell is consistently destroyed.

As a result of rejection, the fetus leaves the uterus, which is a miscarriage. Depending on how the interruption of a new life occurs, specialists can determine its causes.

Types of miscarriages

Incomplete miscarriage in early pregnancy. Symptoms in this case include sharp pains in the lumbar region, accompanying severe uterine bleeding.
Complete type. The fetus leaves the uterus completely. Hemorrhages during this period stop, discomfort is minimal.
In this case, the embryo dies, but at the same time it continues to stay in the mother's womb. This state only a specialist can confirm when the child’s heartbeat is not heard during the next examination.
Anembryony. In this case, fertilization occurs, but the formation of the embryo is not carried out. The egg cell independently attaches to the wall of the uterus, the gestational sac develops along with the yolk sac, but the fetus itself is not in the uterus.
Repeated miscarriage. It is observed when a woman has already recorded similar cases of miscarriage in the first weeks. According to available statistics, approximately 1% of families are faced with this kind of pathology.
chorionadenoma. In this case, the egg is fertilized, the genetic information changes, but instead of the embryo, a small piece of tissue is formed

Why does miscarriage occur in early pregnancy? Causes

Violations on genetic level. According to statistics, 73% of miscarriages happen for this reason. It is important to note that such defects of a genetic nature are not hereditary in nature, but are a single mutation that occurred in the germ cells of one of the parents under the influence of negative environmental factors. Spontaneous miscarriage in this case is perceived as natural selection, that is, the destruction of weaker offspring. It is almost impossible to prevent the development of this problem.
Hormonal disorders are another factor that leads to miscarriage in early pregnancy. The reasons for the development of this problem lie in the lack of a hormone called progesterone. With the timely detection of such a situation, there is a possibility of saving the pregnancy.
Causes of immunological nature. As a rule, this problem is diagnosed in the presence of an Rhesus conflict. Embryo "takes" positive rh from his father, and the mother's body (Rh-negative) begins to actively fight the fetus, perceiving it as a foreign body. To prevent the development of the Rh conflict, pregnant women are recommended to take progesterone preparations.
Sexually transmitted infections (toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, herpetic infection). Pathogenic microorganisms gradually infect the fetus and its membranes, resulting in a miscarriage.
Having a history of abortion. Abortion, according to experts, is not just an ordinary medical manipulation, but a serious stress for the body. This procedure very often provokes the development of ovarian dysfunction, contributes to the formation of inflammatory processes.
The use of herbs and certain groups of drugs. In the first trimester, doctors generally do not recommend taking medications. The thing is that many of them are able to provoke the formation of various kinds of developmental defects in the fetus itself. You should also be especially careful with these medicinal herbs like parsley, cornflower, St. John's wort, nettle.
The causes of miscarriage in early pregnancy can be hidden in frequent stress.
Unhealthy Lifestyle.
Falls, intercourse, heavy lifting. Contrary to popular belief, physical exercise by themselves very rarely lead to miscarriage. However, they often become a trigger for spontaneous abortion in the presence of one or more of the above reasons.

Symptoms

How does a miscarriage occur in early pregnancy? What does a woman look like? If a miscarriage occurred in the very first weeks of gestation, the lady cannot avoid very unpleasant symptoms. Termination of pregnancy is almost always accompanied by discharge of a brown tint, as well as painful discomfort in the lower abdomen. If these signs appear, it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor. You should not postpone the visit for a more convenient time or wait until the morning.

If a woman is not yet aware of the presence of a new life in her womb, she may take bleeding for normal menstruation. In some cases, there are no obvious signs of a problem, but there are indirect ones. How does a miscarriage occur in early pregnancy? Symptoms of an indirect nature may be as follows:

Sudden weight loss.
Diarrhea.
Nausea.
Severe pain in the lower abdomen.
The appearance of mucus of an uncharacteristic shade.
Violation of the usual work of the digestive tract.

Diagnostics

If she feels unwell or has an uncharacteristic discharge from the vagina, it is recommended to visit the doctor immediately. There are various manifestations of this pathology, however, specialists take into account exclusively clinical symptoms.

Ultrasound is considered the main way to confirm a miscarriage. It also allows you to choose the method by which treatment will subsequently be carried out to maintain the pregnancy.

Miscarriage, as practice shows, can be prevented at some stages. If this is only a threatening stage, it is enough to observe bed rest and antispasmodic therapy. With a spontaneous abortion that has already begun, it is possible to save the fetus if all available measures are taken in a timely manner. According to experts, the specific treatment plan depends on the cause of the early miscarriage.

With isthmic-cervical insufficiency, for example, sutures are applied to the cervix, which are subsequently removed before the birth itself.
If the cause lies in infectious diseases, the doctor selects the appropriate antibacterial and / or antiviral therapy.
When observed hormonal disorders, the endocrinologist prescribes substitution treatment.
The situation is much more complicated in the case of an abnormal structure of the uterus. The thing is that sometimes a woman simply cannot bear a child on her own. As for this kind of pathology, today doctors are increasingly practicing surgical correction.

What to do with the threat of a miscarriage?

If a woman has any of the above symptoms, then it is urgent to seek medical advice. Initially, the specialist conducts an ultrasound scan to assess the condition of the fetus, to determine the tone of the uterus. Then a number of tests are prescribed for intrauterine infection, a smear for mycoplasmas, etc.).

Miscarriage in early pregnancy. What to do after?

If spontaneous abortion did occur, then about next steps the doctor should tell the woman.

It is recommended to take a vacation for a while in order to restore the psycho-emotional and physical state. Taking into account the fact that not a single woman is insured against termination of pregnancy, it is considered appropriate to pass the necessary tests to determine possible reasons miscarriage in early pregnancy and prevent their occurrence in the future.

Consequences

If a woman had a miscarriage at the beginning of pregnancy, then appropriate treatment was prescribed, then the likelihood of complications is almost zero.

On the other hand, a miscarriage in early pregnancy without cleaning (curettage) can lead to the formation of inflammatory processes. As a result, infertility may occur due to the lack of normal functioning of the appendages.

Prevention

Unfortunately, it is beyond the power of a modern person to change genetics, but absolutely everyone can make adjustments to their lifestyle. The recommendations below can help minimize the chances of miscarriage in early pregnancy, the consequences of which are often devastating for the whole family.

First of all, doctors advise to start planning a child in advance (approximately one year in advance). At this stage, both a man and a woman should give up all bad habits, try to eat as balanced as possible, undergo a diagnostic examination and pass the necessary tests.

When the desired pregnancy nevertheless occurs, the expectant mother is recommended to direct all her efforts to preserving the fetus. To do this, avoid passive smoking, heavy physical exertion and stressful situations. This beautiful time to start doing yoga or swimming. Of course, you should not neglect visiting a gynecologist at all stages of pregnancy.

Conclusion

In this article, we talked about the causes of miscarriage in early pregnancy. Photos and stories happy women who managed to survive this problem and who subsequently gave birth to healthy children, prove that even after the termination of pregnancy there is an opportunity to again try on the role of a mother. Be healthy!

A miscarriage is an ordeal

Pregnancy can be long-awaited and completely unexpected, but the realization of a special position changes the state of a woman. That is why a miscarriage in the vast majority of cases turns out to be a real tragedy, after which it is difficult to recover both physically and morally. Let's try to figure out what symptoms indicate an early miscarriage and what can provoke it.

What can cause a miscarriage?

In the understanding of the layman, a miscarriage is any termination of pregnancy, while doctors use this term only starting from a period of 22 weeks. This approach is due to the fact that the average weight of the fetus at the "equator" of pregnancy reaches 500 grams, and a baby with such a body weight modern medicine can save. In the case of earlier dates, the chances of survival are almost zero. So, what are the symptoms of an early miscarriage?

genetic pathology

The first month of pregnancy, as well as the first trimester, is very important and difficult period embryo development. It is at this time that the foundation of the whole organism is laid, cells are formed from which organs and tissues will grow. Their condition depends on the genetics of the parents: in the presence of certain mutations in the genes, the embryo may not be viable. In this case, a healthy maternal organism stops its development and rejects the embryo, which could not survive after birth. Usually, the genetic factor "works" in the period from the 5th to the 8th week, and a woman notices signs of a miscarriage in the first trimester.

With a hormonal interruption factor, the couple should be examined

Hormonal disbalance

The menstrual cycle and pregnancy are regulated by a huge number of hormones. So, during ovulation, luteinizing hormone is released, if a mature egg meets a sperm cell and conception occurs, estradiol promotes the introduction of a fetal egg into the endometrium of the uterus, and prolactin ensures the growth of the embryo. After implantation, hCG is produced. All hormones are produced by different organs, the process of their synthesis is very fragile. Failure at any stage can cause pregnancy to fade and further miscarriage. That is why it is recommended to plan conception, after passing special tests, and with a delay and two strips on the test, consult a doctor as soon as possible.

physical factor

In the early stages, lifting weights or falling can hardly provoke pregnancy fading, but this negative impact in the presence of other "alarming" factors, it can cause a miscarriage at the end of the first trimester or at the beginning of the second. A woman who has learned about an interesting situation should take care of her body as much as possible and limit physical activity. This does not mean that you need to adhere to a sedentary lifestyle - you need a balance, for example, replacing strength training with active walking, swimming or yoga for pregnant women - from the second trimester.

Limit physical activity during pregnancy

Past illness

Infections - serious threat in the early stages, especially in the first trimester. Until the 12-14th week, the placenta, which protects the fetus from dangerous external factors, continues to form and is not yet fully operational. This means that almost any bacteria and viruses can harm the embryo. The mother's body will not allow the infected embryo to develop, and the pregnancy will stop. Another risk factor that accompanies the disease is high temperature. It is caused by infections, viruses, inflammation. A rise in body temperature above 38 degrees for several days is very likely to cause an early miscarriage.

Abortion and missed abortion in anamnesis

Termination of pregnancy of any nature adversely affects hormonal background women and their health in general. Due to abortion or curettage during a missed pregnancy, the walls of the uterus can be injured, scars form at the sites of damage. They can interfere with the normal implantation of the embryo. If the embryo is not properly fixed, it will not be able to receive normal nutrition and will stop developing after a while. With all this in mind, women who have had to endure abortion, miscarriage, diagnostic curettage, and even caesarean section should carefully monitor their condition in the first weeks of pregnancy.

Pregnancy with a history of abortion should be planned

Medical treatment

Many drugs, even "harmless" and well-known ones, can be extremely dangerous not only in the first weeks, but throughout pregnancy. In the first trimester, there is still no placenta protecting the fetus, but for more later dates many aggressive substances can penetrate it and harm the fetus. A number of drugs can be the cause of a miscarriage, which is why taking any medications and even vitamins should be agreed with the doctor. The same applies to folk remedies, because natural is not always safe. So, for example, decoctions with herbs like nettle, parsley, St. John's wort and cornflower can cause an abortion.

Wrong way of life

Bad habits undermine a woman's health, and with the onset of pregnancy become a very big threat to the fetus. Excessive alcohol consumption in the early stages, smoking, and even more so the use of drugs literally poison the body. Dangerous toxins cause numerous malformations, and in some cases, abortion. Therefore, bad habits must be abandoned at the planning stage, or at least immediately after the fact of conception is confirmed.

How does a miscarriage occur in the first weeks?

Between ovulation, when conception is possible, and the beginning of the next menstruation, about 10-14 days pass. The cycle scenario for an early miscarriage may look like this: menstruation is delayed by 1-4 days, the first discharge is accompanied by more intense than usual pulling pains in the lower abdomen. Menstruation in the new cycle turns out to be unusually plentiful, 1-3 days after it begins, a woman notices a large blood clot. This may be a confirmation that in the previous cycle there was a pregnancy, which was interrupted in the very first days. In this case, you can not be afraid of serious consequences, but it would be useful to consult a gynecologist with an ultrasound examination. Your doctor may recommend using anti-inflammatory drugs or vitamins for prevention.

Miscarriage at the earliest stages is difficult to recognize

Symptoms of a miscarriage in the first trimester

It is much more difficult to survive an early miscarriage if the pregnancy is confirmed. The following signs may signal that the embryo has stopped developing:

pain - the stomach pulls down, pain give in the groin, pubis, inner thighs or lower back, after the 10-12th week, spasms may be of a shingles character, this condition is a reason for immediate medical attention;
selection - main symptom early miscarriage, a woman may notice brown spotting, pink marks on linen or bloody, as with menstruation. Whatever the discharge, a pregnant woman needs urgent medical care, sometimes they do not signal an interruption, but a detachment, which, with the right treatment, can be stopped in a hospital setting;
tone is one of the most early signs a miscarriage that has begun: the tone is felt as a tension in the lower abdomen, it can be painless, but one way or another causes some discomfort. Do not ignore such a sign - it is better to consult a gynecologist and exclude the threat;
a sharp disappearance of signs of toxicosis - when developing "pregnancy hormones", expectant mothers may feel unwell, nausea, weakness and drowsiness. If the manifestations of toxicosis disappear overnight up to 10 weeks, you need to be alert and monitor your own condition. If any of the above symptoms of a miscarriage appear, you should consult a doctor.

If you suspect a miscarriage, you should immediately consult a doctor

Regardless of whether the pregnancy can be maintained or not, a woman needs professional medical help. With a positive prognosis, the child can be saved, with a negative one, due to correct and timely treatment, it will be possible to minimize the threats to the next pregnancy.

Signs of a miscarriage at the beginning of the second trimester

It is believed that the most "disturbing" stage of pregnancy is the first. It is up to 12 weeks that the main number of miscarriages occurs in the early stages, their consequences are corrected relatively easily in comparison with the interruption in the second trimester. What symptoms can not be ignored from the 13th to 22nd week and beyond?

Pain - from the second trimester, pain may be cramping or resemble pain during menstruation.
Leakage of amniotic fluid - if damaged amniotic sac the discharge is transparent, watery, it is easiest to detect leakage using pharmacy test to amniotic fluid.
Painful urination with discharge of bloody clots from the vagina during stool.
Disappearance of movements - the first movements are felt after 18 weeks, they become obvious and distinct on the 20th week, if on the 21-22nd week the movements are no longer recognized, you need to urgently consult a doctor.
Bleeding - any spotting at any time is a threat, especially at the stage of development, when the placenta is already formed. The fact is that the placenta and the uterus are connected by many vessels, if they are damaged, internal bleeding can begin.

miscarriage on long term- most dangerous

Internal bleeding - extremely dangerous symptom, which develops rapidly and poses a direct threat to the life of a woman. Its beginning is indicated by a sharp weakness, dizziness, blanching of the skin, increased heart rate with a decrease in blood pressure, confusion. Small internal bleeding can be indicated by pain that radiates to the stomach or shoulder area.

Forecast

What will be next pregnancy if there was an early miscarriage? It all depends on the timing and circumstances of the interruption, history, age and condition of the woman. If the fading of pregnancy occurred in the first weeks, with the correct drug treatment and a course of physiotherapy after six months, you can try to conceive a child again. If the development of the fetus has stopped at a later date, it will take more time to recover, and it is best to plan a pregnancy together with a doctor and under maximum medical supervision. If the miscarriage was aggravated by any complications or occurred at the 5th month, assisted reproductive technologies may be required for re-conception. In any case, with an early miscarriage, all actions of a woman and a couple should be agreed with the doctor.

A miscarriage is the spontaneous termination of a pregnancy. Up to 1/5 of all cases of conception end in miscarriage, and the likelihood of this pathological phenomenon is higher up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. The symptoms of a miscarriage rarely go unnoticed, and sometimes this allows a woman to see a doctor in time, receive treatment and save the baby.

Spontaneous (spontaneous abortion), as doctors often call a miscarriage, depending on the period of its onset, is classified into three types:

Interrupt biochemical pregnancy. In this case, the uterine cavity is released from the embryo during the first - third week of pregnancy, which is determined only when taking an analysis for the presence of hCG ( chorionic gonadotropin) in blood and urine. A woman most often perceives the released blood as menstruation and does not even suspect that she could become pregnant.
Early miscarriage (spontaneous abortion). Pregnancy is interrupted up to 22 weeks of the term, and the weight of the fetus does not exceed 400 grams.
late miscarriage or premature birth. In this case, the symptoms of pathology are observed after the 22nd week of pregnancy, and the baby can often be saved.

What are the features of incomplete miscarriage in the early period

A spontaneous miscarriage in a woman can be complete or incomplete. In the first case, all parts of the fetus and its membranes are excluded from the uterus, as well as amniotic fluid. An incomplete miscarriage occurs if some parts of the fetus remain in the uterine cavity. Usually incomplete miscarriage inherent in early pregnancy. Most often, the patient leaves the embryo, but does not separate about membranes.

In order not to develop severe consequences, a woman needs cleaning and other methods of treatment (for example, the introduction of drugs that reduce the walls of the uterus and push out blood and remnants of the membranes). It is precisely because there is a possibility of an incomplete miscarriage that an ultrasound scan of the genital organs should be done after it. If the result of the first pregnancy was an early miscarriage, the next attempts at conception should be made only after a thorough examination!

Probability of miscarriage by week of pregnancy

During gestation, there is a period that is most threatening to spontaneous termination of pregnancy. The probability of a miscarriage is especially high in the early stages - in the first month. If we consider the risk of pathology by weeks, then it is as follows:

In the first trimester - 14-21 days, or the third week of pregnancy, as well as the period from 8 to 12 weeks.
In the second trimester, the threatening period falls on the 18-22nd week of pregnancy, that is, the danger is great at 4-5 months after conception.
In the third trimester, the period of possible premature birth usually occurs at 28-32 weeks of gestation, that is, spontaneous expulsion of the fetus occurs at 7-8 months of pregnancy.

The expectant mother should be especially careful during these periods and be sure to follow all the doctor's recommendations!

Why does a woman's body reject a fetus?

The causes of miscarriage at a very early stage are most often associated with the presence of defects in the embryo that are incompatible with life. In this regard, treatment and attempts to maintain pregnancy up to 12 weeks are not desirable. If a woman fails to get pregnant for a long time, or she insists on preserving the fetus, doctors often manage to prevent a miscarriage. But a pregnant woman should be warned about the risk of genetic defects in the fetus and, if possible, undergo the necessary examination.

An early miscarriage can have the following reasons:

"Breakdown" of genes during the fusion of the egg and sperm (these reasons cause a miscarriage of a biochemical pregnancy at the earliest possible time - in the first month);
disruptions in hormonal balance, diseases of the endocrine glands;
tumors of the reproductive system;
isthmic-cervical insufficiency;
severe pathologies of the heart, kidneys, blood vessels;
drug addiction, mother's alcoholism, toxic poisoning in the first month of pregnancy;
severe stress, nervous shock;
severe physical exertion, injury;
history of abortion;
taking certain medications, X-ray examination.

Sometimes the causes of miscarriage are surgeries on the abdominal cavity and uterus, infectious diseases(rubella, toxoplasmosis, herpes, influenza, tonsillitis, any STIs). There are also immunological reasons for the threat of abortion - for example, Rhesus conflict in parents.

The causes of miscarriage in the later stages are more often caused by inflammatory processes in the placenta or the uterine cavity. Sometimes these causes are associated with the pathological development of the placenta and malfunctions in its functioning - with detachment, aging. The likelihood of a miscarriage is high if the placenta at any stage stops producing needed by the baby nutrients. There are a lot of factors that can provoke the symptoms of spontaneous abortion at any time, but some of them future mother can successfully prevent.

stages of miscarriage

Signs of a miscarriage can occur in a woman at the very beginning of the pathological process. In total, several stages are distinguished during spontaneous abortion:

Threat stage. If treatment is started at this time, the pregnancy can be saved. Sometimes a woman has a risk of a miscarriage throughout her pregnancy.
The second stage, or the abortion that has begun. Even if the expectant mother went to the hospital not at the stage of threat, intensive therapy measures often help to save the baby.
The third stage, or miscarriage in progress. In this case, the woman is already having a spontaneous abortion, and this condition is irreversible. The fertilized egg dies and leaves the uterus in whole or in part.
The fourth stage, or completed abortion. The uterine cavity is cleared of the remnants of the fetus, and the organ restores its size. At this stage, it is imperative to do an ultrasound of the genital organs.

The threat of miscarriage: how to recognize the symptoms in time

Symptoms of a threatened miscarriage in the early stages usually come down to such manifestations:

pain in the abdomen (in its lower part);
vaginal bleeding (usually bleeding in the form of smearing scarlet or brown discharge for 1-3 days);
sometimes the pain becomes very severe and is accompanied by convulsions.

If a woman did not know that she managed to get pregnant, she may mistake the symptoms of a threat for another menstruation. Therefore, experts specify that there is indirect signs miscarriage, distinguishing it from menstruation. Among them:

diarrhea and nausea;
pain in the form of spasms;
weight loss;
blood from the vagina, alternating with secretions of mucus;
aching pain in the back.

Symptoms of a threatened miscarriage can also appear in late pregnancy, more often at 4-5 months. In this case subjective signs pathologies may include frequent nausea, nagging pain in the abdomen, reddish-brown discharge or bright blood spots, increased urge to urinate, dizziness. The duration of the first stage of a miscarriage is not necessarily short: sometimes this condition lasts for several days and requires emergency hospitalization.

The clinical picture of a miscarriage that has begun

In the second stage, when the miscarriage is already underway, the symptoms of the pathology become more noticeable. They come down to cramping pains in the abdomen and sacrum, general weakness, severe dizziness. Blood in the form of clots flows from the vagina, and these secretions increase with movement. Immediate contact with a doctor at this stage in some cases leads to saving the baby, for which conservative or surgical treatment is performed.

The symptoms of a miscarriage are sharp pain in the entire abdomen and lower back, significant blood loss and the release of the fetal egg from the uterus. If the fetus died a few days before the release, then the woman may see a small gray vesicle, whole or divided into parts. With an incomplete miscarriage, the uterus is urgently cleaned (curettage), without which the consequences can be sad.

What happens after a miscarriage and how much blood will flow

The signs of a miscarriage are, first of all, uterine bleeding and pain, which every woman has with different severity and duration. blood is coming because when the fetus is detached and passes through the birth canal, small vessels are injured, that is, wound surfaces are formed. Be sure to keep track of how long the blood is released. Normally, this period is 4-10 days. If after 14 days spotting is still observed, you should definitely consult a doctor and do an ultrasound. Such symptoms may indicate infection of the uterus or the presence of the remaining parts of the fetus in it. In some cases, a woman has to go to surgery or undergo medication.

Possible complications of a miscarriage

The consequences of a miscarriage can be quite serious. Fortunately, any complications are rare, and in most cases the body is freed from parts of the embryo and fetal membranes on its own.

Sometimes a life-threatening miscarriage occurs in the later stages or when trying to induce it at home with the help of improvised (folk) means. Among the complications are:

Septic abortion. Infectious damage to the uterus can lead not only to severe inflammation in the small pelvis, but also to sepsis.
Repeated miscarriages. Some women are wrong organized treatment during the first failed pregnancy leads to further miscarriages or inability to conceive.

Diagnosis of threatened miscarriage

The main method to detect signs of a miscarriage is an ultrasound of the uterus. During the study, at the stage of threat, segmental contractions of the walls of the organ are detected, which often disappears after hormonal treatment. If a miscarriage is visualized in the course, then according to ultrasound, detachment of the ovum, a strong contraction of all the walls of the uterus, are noted. To search for the cause of recurrent abortions, it is often carried out genetic tests in order to search for "broken" chromosomes. Of great importance in the diagnosis of spontaneous abortion is the collection of anamnesis and the presence of clinical signs.

Medical treatment for threatened miscarriage

If the decision is made to continue the pregnancy, the doctor must do everything possible to carry it out. A woman is prescribed pills for miscarriage and injections, including:

sedatives, restorative drugs;
hormonal drugs (often containing progesterone, for example, Duphaston);
antispasmodics to eliminate increased tone the walls of the uterus;
vitamins, especially folic acid.

Such drugs will help a woman in early pregnancy. If the threat of miscarriage persists at a later period, a ring is placed on the cervix or it is sutured.

Treatment after a miscarriage: pills

If it was not possible to stop a spontaneous abortion, the doctor chooses one of the following tactics of behavior:

Expectant. With a complete miscarriage, a woman does not need any treatment, and within 2-6 weeks her reproductive system recover after a pathological process.
Medical treatment for miscarriage. It consists in taking special tablets that will complete the removal of parts of the fetus from the uterine cavity.
Surgery. It will be required if there are complications or structural features of the female genital organs (for example, when the uterus is bent).

Miscarriage pills are also used to medical abortion(misoprostolol). After taking them, after 24-72 hours, strong uterine contractions occur, as a result of which the miscarriage is completed. After such treatment, an ultrasound of the uterus should be done to record its complete cleansing from the remnants of the membranes.

Curettage (cleansing the uterus) after a miscarriage

Cleaning of the uterus should be done if the rejection of the fetus was partial. Cleaning, or scraping, is sometimes ignored by the doctor or the patient herself, which can lead to severe inflammatory processes and even the inability to become pregnant in the future.

Before the cleaning, the woman is given an enema and the pubic hair is removed. The anesthesiologist will select the type of anesthesia depending on the indications and contraindications. With the help of mirrors and dilators, the doctor opens the cervix, and then removes the fetal egg and its membranes with a special curette. Then curettage of the uterine cavity is performed to prevent its inflammation. After a miscarriage, a histological examination of the collected material is mandatory. After a woman has been cleansed, she must comply with all doctor's prescriptions in rehabilitation period. Sexual life after curettage is excluded for 2 months.

How to restore mental health after a miscarriage

If physically the body will work normally already 1-2 months after a spontaneous abortion, then the psychological well-being of a woman can recover much longer. Often a failed mother tries to get pregnant right away, but it is strictly forbidden to do this. Life after the loss of a child is hard, but you should not close yourself off and drive yourself to despair. If a woman develops depression, it will not be easy to get out of it. Some ladies experience anger and rage, others - melancholy, others are looking for a way out in alcohol. To relieve post-abortion stress disorder, it is better to visit a qualified psychologist and maintain contact with loved ones and relatives. A woman should remember that earlier recovery moral health- one more step to the next attempt to get pregnant and finally become a mother!

Sex life after miscarriage

Usually, the menstrual cycle resumes a few weeks after the miscarriage. Therefore, you should use the usual methods of contraception, since it is highly undesirable to become pregnant during this period. But sex life should not be started earlier than 1.5 months after a spontaneous abortion (after curettage, this period is extended to 2 months). Otherwise, inflammation and damage to tissues that have not yet recovered can begin.

Pregnancy after a miscarriage: when to plan

It is necessary to repeat the attempt of conception no earlier than 6-12 months after the miscarriage. Some women tend to get pregnant after the normalization of the menstrual cycle, but this is only possible with complete physical and moral rehabilitation. In other cases, planning a pregnancy after a miscarriage causes great fear in the woman, and the couple stops such attempts. Therefore, it is worth acting as your own heart tells you, but not in a hurry. Better to spend careful preparation to future motherhood and prevent the repetition of the tragic history.

How to prepare for a new pregnancy

If it is not possible to become pregnant after a miscarriage, or abortions are repeated again and again, you should undergo an examination to identify the cause of such events. Diagnostic program, except histological examination membranes and embryo, should include:

tests for all STIs;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
tests for hormones, including those produced by the thyroid gland;
blood for glucose content;
general clinical studies;
genetic tests (as prescribed by a doctor);
tests for the biocompatibility of the blood of the spouses.

Preparing for pregnancy after a miscarriage should include proper nutrition, taking vitamins (especially vitamin E, folic acid), the refusal of both spouses from bad habits and excessive coffee consumption. Since an overdose of vitamins A and D can cause a miscarriage, you should inform your doctor about taking medications containing them. Sometimes a woman is recommended to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases, for example, rubella, chickenpox.

Prevention of miscarriage

It is not always possible to insure against spontaneous termination of pregnancy, since it is impossible to take into account various gene mutations and the influence of chronic diseases. But there are some tips, with the implementation of which the prevention of miscarriage will bring real results. Among them:

healthy lifestyle;
proper nutrition;
fight against hypodynamia and stress;
normalization of weight;
taking vitamins.

All recommendations are suitable for implementation even before pregnancy. After conception, you should avoid stress on the stomach, do not take alcohol even in small doses, visit the doctor regularly and take all the drugs that he prescribes. Even after the first failure, one should not despair, because with right approach the joy of motherhood is experienced by most women!

It's good when the pregnancy is desired. However, two clear stripes on the test do not at all guarantee that the baby will be all right until birth. Sometimes the female body, for some reason, independently gets rid of the fetus some time after its appearance. We are talking about miscarriage in early pregnancy. Why is this happening and is there a way to prevent trouble?

Let's turn to impartial statistics: a quarter of all early-term pregnancies are doomed to spontaneous termination. In order to be able to influence the course of events, it is important to know the causes of a miscarriage and its signs.

How does an early miscarriage occur?

Unfortunately, if there are serious prerequisites for spontaneous termination of pregnancy at an early stage, reverse pathological process almost impossible. The fetus at this time is so small that the woman does not even understand what is happening to her. At first glance, it looks like the resumption of the menstrual cycle after a long delay (1 - 2 weeks). Menstruation, more abundant than usual, is accompanied by pulling pain in the lower abdomen. In addition, not all women go to the hospital after the incident. Only a few get to see a doctor - mostly those who are frightened by the appearance of a blood clot that has come out, resembling a torn bladder. Ideally in medical examination all women need - if there really was a miscarriage, then after it additional cleaning may be needed.

When a woman is aware of her "interesting" situation, it is much easier for her to predict the onset of a spontaneous miscarriage at an early date. First of all, you should carefully monitor the sensations in the lower abdomen and back. Painful dull and pulling spasms, smearing discharge with bloody or tissue lumps signal danger. If you seek medical help immediately, there is a chance to keep the pregnancy.

An early miscarriage is said to be when the pregnancy ends spontaneously before the 12th week of the fetus's existence. A late miscarriage occurs for up to 22 weeks, and subject to the timely and coordinated actions of doctors, a premature baby has every chance of surviving.

Early miscarriage: prejudice

There are many myths in society about the causes of spontaneous abortion. How to avoid an early miscarriage, you will be told on any women's forum, but not all advice can be trusted. It is well known that until the 12th week of pregnancy, the following factors do not pose a threat to prenatal development fetus:

air travel by plane;
minor blunt trauma in the abdomen;
moderate exercise;
a single case of spontaneous abortion up to 12 weeks in history;
active sex life;
stress.

The real causes of miscarriage in the early stages

Doctors cite many socio-biological and medical factors as the reasons for spontaneous abortion. It is often very difficult to determine what exactly caused the misfortune: sometimes a miscarriage is based on one factor, and sometimes a whole complex. A certain percentage of women are familiar with this pathology firsthand: the unfortunate survived several miscarriages in a row. In medical circles, this phenomenon was designated as habitual miscarriage. We list the most serious and common factors that cause the threat of miscarriage in the early stages:

most often, the body itself gets rid of non-viable offspring if the appearance and development of the fetus is associated with a certain anomaly or genetic pathology. This may be a hereditary “breakdown” at the gene level or a spontaneous mutation caused by radiation, a dangerous virus, or a difficult environmental situation. Medicine, alas, cannot change or prevent this process. That is why thorough preparation for the upcoming pregnancy is impossible without the advice of future parents from a geneticist;
a significant danger to the normal development of pregnancy are disorders in the work of the immune and hormonal systems. A woman needs to pass the necessary check at the stage of planning a child, then doctors will be able to eliminate all the "pitfalls" in advance. Quite often, progesterone deficiency, an excess of androgens, pathologies in the activity of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands become an obstacle to fulfilling the dream of motherhood;
Another urgent problem for the successful development of the fetus in the womb of a woman is the Rhesus conflict. The mother's body reacts to the fetus as a foreign object and gets rid of it, since the Rh factor of its blood is with the “-” sign, and it was taken from the father with the “+” sign. If concerns about this are real, the situation is corrected with the help of immunomodulatory therapy even at the stage of pregnancy planning;

undoubted enemy healthy pregnancy- infection (regardless of origin). In particular, these are all diseases that are transmitted “through the bed”: herpes, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, etc. Pathogens, affecting the fetal membranes, infect the embryo, which early stage pregnancy leads to miscarriage;
a disappointing ending of early pregnancy awaits a woman with chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases internal organs. The most insidious of them: viral hepatitis, rubella, pneumonia, influenza, severe tonsillitis;
it is extremely difficult for the female body to cope with pregnancy because of the stress caused by abortion. Artificial termination of pregnancies in the past threatens with secondary infertility and habitual miscarriage in future. A woman must certainly inform the doctor about such facts of her biography during pregnancy planning;

cannot be ignored, and individual characteristics the female body, such as congenital anomalies development and oncological diseases of the internal genital organs, ICI. These and other pathologies exclude pregnancy as such.

The first symptoms of a miscarriage in the early stages

The nature of the development of a miscarriage excludes simultaneity - spontaneous abortion can be divided into several stages. So, let's find out how to determine an early miscarriage.

The first "bells" are painful sensations covering the back in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Often at the same time, brownish or reddish clots stand out from the genital tract. Blood during an early miscarriage is very danger sign, which indicates that tissue detachment has begun. Even a few drops of blood on underwear are a serious reason for immediate medical attention. Reliable prevention of spontaneous abortion is regular visits to antenatal clinic for a scheduled inspection and delivery of all necessary analyzes. The only way future mom make sure her little one is ok.

What does an early miscarriage look like: the main stages

The first stage of the pathology, the signs of which we learned above, is very common in expectant mothers. To save the baby, expectant mothers are forced to lie on the conservation of almost the entire prenatal contractions. First stage pathology is marked by hypertonicity of the uterus, the release of blood and discomfort, reminiscent of contractions.

The second stage of violation leads to more serious consequences. At this moment, all the signs already indicate a full-fledged miscarriage at an early stage: a fragmentary detachment of the fetal egg from the inner wall of the uterus begins. However, at this time, the trouble can still be prevented, doctors say. This is possible thanks to the immediate and coordinated intervention of professionals, provided that the pregnant woman got to the hospital in a timely manner.

The next stage of spontaneous abortion at an early stage is a miscarriage on the go. Now there is nothing to help the fetus. The pregnant woman is suddenly seized by sharp spasms, bleeding begins almost immediately - the most convincing sign of an early miscarriage. This indicates the final death of the fetal egg, which comes out in whole or in part (incomplete miscarriage). In the photo, a fetal egg with an early miscarriage:

The pathology ends spontaneous abortion. After an early miscarriage, the uterus contracts and quickly returns to "pre-pregnant" size. In this case, the complication is incomplete abortion or missed pregnancy (diagnosed by ultrasound), when there is a high risk of pus formation or the onset of sepsis.

How to recognize a miscarriage early

At first glance, it is quite simple to determine a miscarriage, so some women believe that if they feel well after the incident, they can neglect a visit to the hospital. However, this is a dangerous delusion: all signs of spontaneous abortion at an early stage are also characteristic of other, more serious illnesses, which without proper diagnosis can be mistaken for a miscarriage:

ectopic pregnancy;
malignant formation in the cervical region;
bloodless torsion of an ovarian cyst;
cervical injury.

These conditions can be excluded only within the walls of a medical institution.

What to do with an early miscarriage

Unfortunately, doctors are not able to radically change the course of events at the very beginning of pregnancy - you cannot go against nature.

It is common practice to prescribe Tranexam to stop bleeding. If a woman has had several failed pregnancies in the past, Utrozhestan will be prescribed. When, thanks to the efforts of doctors, pregnancy can be brought to the second trimester, with threatened miscarriage it is worth applying stitches or a pessary if there is a short cervix with isthmic-cervical insufficiency. In principle, this is where the methods of dealing with pathology end.

Now we list what will not help in the process of developing a miscarriage:

bed rest - conscious reduction motor activity mothers cannot stop a miscarriage if there are real prerequisites for its accomplishment;
taking drugs: No-shpa, Papaverine, Magne B6, Analgin.

A few weeks after a complete miscarriage, a woman needs to see a doctor and donate blood to analyze the level of hCG. If all indicators are normal, there is nothing to worry about. However, if the level of the hormone has not decreased at all, or has decreased, but has not dropped to the required minimum, there is a possibility of a mole. This is a dangerous complication that requires immediate medical attention.

An abortion in progress can be completed in several ways. If, during the examination, blood is still excreted from the vagina, and the fetal egg or embryo is still in the uterus, the doctor may determine the following tactics of action:

expectant approach lasting up to 7 days (perhaps the body will reject the unnecessary without outside interference);
a drug approach (a woman is prescribed Misoprostol, under the influence of which the uterine muscles are strongly compressed and bring the remnants of the fetal egg out);
surgical cleaning (if vaginal bleeding becomes massive).

How to prevent early miscarriage

To exclude everything possible factors, provoking an early miscarriage, you need to acquire offspring under the professional guidance of a doctor. For this full examination a woman does not pass during pregnancy, but even at the stage of planning a child. This is the only way to make sure that there are no various “breakdowns” at the cellular level and internal pathologies. Moreover, future parents review and adjust their habitual image life in accordance with the upcoming changes: at this stage it is important to put an end to addictions, to establish a daily routine and diet.

Early miscarriage: how to understand where to go next

After such a crushing failure, the woman is recommended to undergo a rehabilitation course of treatment. If the cause of the incident could not be established earlier, doctors will conduct the necessary diagnostics to determine it now. This is important, otherwise a woman runs the risk of facing the same problem the next time she prepares for motherhood.

The ultrasound procedure is a mandatory step after early miscarriage. If there are fragments of an egg or embryo in the uterus, a woman will need a cleaning to avoid the development of inflammation or infection. After all necessary procedures the doctor will prescribe the patient a course of antibiotic therapy, which will exclude various infectious diseases, as well as a course of hormones that will put the work in order endocrine system women.

Among other things, a failed mother is in dire need of professional psychological support. The loss of a baby, even if it is so tiny, leaves an indelible imprint in the mind of a woman. It is important to experience this moment with the support of a psychologist or relatives.

It is wrong to distance yourself from outside world and be alone with your misfortune, so negative emotions simply "eat up" all hope for the best. Psychologists recommend that women who have experienced a miscarriage not be ashamed of their feelings and not hold back aggression and tears - the sooner you can get rid of them, the faster the recovery will come. And in no case should you be afraid of the future: modern medicine and competent doctors will do everything possible to new pregnancy ended with the triumphant cry of the long-awaited baby!