There is a miscarriage at 1 month. How to restore mental health after a miscarriage. Is it possible to get pregnant after a spontaneous miscarriage?

Pregnancy is one of the most desired stages in a woman's life. But sometimes it happens spontaneously, called a miscarriage. Typically, a miscarriage occurs early term pregnancy, and this may be due to various reasons.

According to medical statistics, one out of five pregnancies ends in miscarriage. Most often, a miscarriage occurs in the early stages, when a woman does not yet know about her situation: in a miscarriage at 2 week pregnant virtually no symptoms. But there are, of course, cases when a woman already knows about her situation, but loses a child. So that the tragedy does not happen again, she needs to know how to protect herself from a miscarriage and what factors cause it.

Causes of early miscarriage

First you need to define what is an early miscarriage? According to gynecological terminology, a miscarriage is spontaneous interruption pregnancy up to 20 weeks. It may occur for the following reasons:

• Genetic disorders of the fetus. Geneticists believe that about 75% of miscarriages occur precisely because of this factor. There is no need to be afraid of this, since most often such deviations are accidental. They can be provoked by various viral diseases, radiation exposure and other external negative influences. Pregnancy in this case is interrupted due to the so-called natural selection, which helps to get rid of unhealthy or unviable offspring. Avoiding such a spontaneous abortion is almost impossible. Because of a large number negative environmental influences cannot prevent the risk of developing genetic abnormalities.
• crash hormonal background during pregnancy. Often a miscarriage in early pregnancy occurs when there is a lack of the hormone progesterone in the female body. Such a failure in the hormonal background can occur for various reasons, but most often it is possible to prevent a miscarriage at an early stage with the timely detection of a violation. For this, a woman is assigned a course hormonal drugs. Women also have another hormonal problem - a high content of male hormones. They help reduce the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone, which help pregnancy to proceed normally. Also, thyroid and adrenal hormones can affect pregnancy, so these organs should be checked before planning.
• immunological factor. Many people know about such a phenomenon during pregnancy as. It occurs when the fetus inherits from the father negative factor blood, and the mother is positive. As a result, the female body perceives pregnancy as something alien and rejects it. At the risk of an early miscarriage, a woman is prescribed treatment in this case, which involves taking the hormone progesterone, which acts as an immunomodulator.
• Infectious diseases in women. Today, there are many sexually transmitted diseases. They can lead to early miscarriage. Such diseases include: toxoplasmosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus and others. When planning a pregnancy, you should be aware that many of these infections can be asymptomatic. Therefore, before you become pregnant, it is important to exclude their presence in the body. Spontaneous abortion is associated with infection of the fetus and damage membranes. If such diseases are detected during pregnancy, they should be treated immediately in order to reduce their impact on the fetus.
• Impaired health of women and chronic diseases. The chance of miscarriage in early pregnancy increases when a woman becomes ill and there are heat and intoxication of the body. Most dangerous diseases for a pregnant woman: viral hepatitis, rubella and influenza. Even rhinitis or tonsillitis in early pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage. More serious illness threaten not only the course of pregnancy, but also the health of the unborn child. Before planning, it is necessary to be examined for the presence of chronic diseases and to treat them. It is also important to immediately tell your doctor about any problems you have.
• Previous abortions. Big number women had abortions for various reasons. Such an intervention in the body puts on him the strongest stress. The consequence of abortion may be an inflammatory process in female organs, development of dysfunction of the ovaries and adrenal glands. These complications disrupt the normal course of a new pregnancy. Artificial abortion leads to secondary infertility. When a new pregnancy occurs, a woman must inform her doctor about the abortion.
• Taking certain drugs and herbal treatment. Everyone knows that some drugs can cross the placenta to the fetus and have a negative effect on it. The most dangerous is the use of such drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy. This is due to the fact that during this period all systems and organs of the unborn child are laid, and if there is a negative effect of drugs, anomalies in the formation of the fetus may occur, and consequently, an early miscarriage. Dangerous drugs include some groups of antibiotics, contraceptives, drugs that relieve pain. If a woman took them before she found out about the pregnancy, you need to tell the doctor about it. Can negatively affect the fetus and folk methods treatment. The following herbs are most dangerous for a pregnant woman: St. John's wort, tansy and nettle. It leads to the tone of the uterus, and as a result, to a miscarriage, even seemingly harmless parsley.
• Stress. Very often, unexpected reasons lead to an early miscarriage. One of them is stressful situations that have a negative impact on the course of pregnancy. Under forced circumstances that led to stress, a pregnant woman should inform the doctor about this. Can't start on your own sedatives: they can harm the fetus even more.
• Excessive physical activity. For the period of pregnancy, a woman needs to give up lifting weights, and, if necessary, evenly distribute the load and give herself rest. Maximum allowable weight weights for a pregnant woman - 5 kg.
• Injury. Falls and injuries rarely lead to spontaneous abortion, as the fetus is well protected in the mother's womb. But in the event of such situations, it is better to consult a doctor.
• Hot bath. There are rare cases of miscarriage when a woman abuses hot baths. To reduce the risk of spontaneous abortion, a woman does not need to completely abandon such procedures, she should not make the water excessively hot, and stay in the bath for no more than 15 minutes.
• Bad habits of the expectant mother. and alcohol abuse during pregnancy can cause early miscarriage. Excessive consumption of coffee and lack of walks on fresh rest also negatively affect the development of the unborn child.

Symptoms and signs of a miscarriage

The most common symptoms of miscarriage in early pregnancy include pain lower abdomen and bleeding. The pain may radiate to the lumbar region. In this case, pain is not constant, but appears periodically. If there is a discharge of red or Brown you should immediately consult a doctor to avoid spontaneous abortion.

The signs of a threatened miscarriage include the tone of the uterus, but only if it causes discomfort to the woman and is accompanied by pain. If there is no tone discomfort, then the doctor recommends only a decrease in physical activity and avoidance of stress.

At any stage of pregnancy, the symptoms of a miscarriage are similar to each other, only their soreness and abundance of discharge may differ. In the second trimester, damage to the bag is added to them amniotic fluid, accompanied by fluid flowing from the vagina, blood clots during urination and very strong pain in the area of ​​​​the shoulder or stomach, talking about internal bleeding.

How does an early miscarriage happen?

An early miscarriage does not happen all at once. This process can take several hours or several days. This goes through several stages:

1. The first stage: the threat of miscarriage. They appear with her. Gradually, they increase, and they become paroxysmal. Along with this, the discharge of blood from the vagina begins. At this stage, timely application for medical care gives a great chance of maintaining pregnancy, since the uterus is still closed.
2. Second phase. Placental abruption begins, as a result of which the fetus experiences oxygen starvation. It is no longer possible to stop spontaneous abortion, as the fetus dies.
3. Third stage. During this period, the placenta completely exfoliated, but the dead fetus remains in the uterus. From this moment begins his separation.
4. Fourth stage. In this case, the dead fetus, along with the placenta, leaves the uterine cavity. After that, the doctor carefully examines the woman and, if necessary, removes the remnants of tissue.

During what period of pregnancy do miscarriages most often occur?

A miscarriage most often occurs at a very short gestational age - 2-3 weeks. At the same time, the woman does not yet know about her pregnancy and perceives an early miscarriage as the onset of menstruation. It's connected with similar symptoms: spotting and pain in the lower abdomen.

Less common miscarriage later dates up to 20 weeks. Spontaneous miscarriage late after 20 weeks is called a stillbirth.

Early diagnosis of miscarriage

The risk of early miscarriage is reduced to a minimum when a woman at the planning stage passed all the recommended tests and underwent examinations, and also treated the identified diseases. In this case, the threat of miscarriage is diagnosed during planning, and treatment is carried out in advance.

If there was no preliminary examination and treatment, then a doctor can diagnose an early miscarriage during an examination. For this, the following manipulations are carried out:

• the conformity of the size of the uterus to the deadline is checked;
• it is determined whether the uterus is in good shape;
• the closure of the cervix is ​​​​checked;
• attention is drawn to the discharge from the vagina.

At a later date, the most reliable way to determine the threat of miscarriage - a transvaginal ultrasound. This checks the length of the cervix and its internal condition.

In the presence of blood discharge and other serious threats of miscarriage, a woman is admitted to a hospital, and if there is no fear for the state of pregnancy, she remains treated at home.

Types of miscarriages

Spontaneous abortion can be classified into several types:

1. Incomplete miscarriage is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen or lower back, while the cervix opens. With the opening of the cervix, the fetal membrane bursts, but the pain and bleeding have not yet stopped.
2. Complete miscarriage. After death, the fetus or embryo completely leaves the uterine cavity. Bleeding stops and other unpleasant symptoms disappear.
3. A failed miscarriage. The dead fetus or embryo remains in the uterus. This condition is also called, but it is found only on examination by a doctor when listening to a heartbeat. At the same time, all signs of pregnancy disappear. If diagnosed miscarriage, a woman is undergoing curettage of the uterus.
4. A recurrent miscarriage is defined when a woman has had at least three miscarriages in the first trimester.
5. Anembryony is characterized by the onset of fertilization without the formation of a fetus: the egg is fixed in the uterus, but the embryo is not there. The woman has a missed period and possibly other signs of pregnancy.
6. Choriadenoma occurs due to a genetic error during fertilization: instead of a fetus, abnormal tissue grows in the uterus. Its first signs are similar to pregnancy.

Any similar states end in spontaneous miscarriage or mechanical abortion.

Can early miscarriage be prevented?

As mentioned earlier, stopping an early miscarriage is possible only with timely seeking medical help. If a threat of spontaneous miscarriage is detected, the doctor first prescribes compliance bed rest. Sometimes the woman is not even allowed to get up. It is necessary to reduce physical activity to a minimum.

Any unrest and negative thoughts affect the state of the fetus negatively. It is important to try to avoid stressful situations. The doctor may even prescribe valerian or motherwort as a sedative.

Appointed drug treatment, blocking uterine contractions, which helps stop a miscarriage. If necessary, the doctor prescribes an additional intrauterine ultrasound. If insufficiency is detected in the hospital, an operation is performed to suture the uterus, helping to keep inside fertilized egg. They do it under anesthesia, and at the same time, relaxing drugs are injected into the uterus.

It happens that a woman is diagnosed with a threat of miscarriage at an early stage, and she spends almost the entire pregnancy in the hospital.

Consequences after a miscarriage

After an early miscarriage, the doctor may give a few days for the remnants of the fetal tissue to come out on their own with vaginal discharge. If this does not happen, it is assigned mechanical cleaning uterine cavity: curettage is done and subsequent recovery of the body.

In this case, you need to monitor the discharge, and if you have any suspicions, immediately consult a doctor. Incessant bleeding at the beginning of menstruation after an early miscarriage may be due to the remnants of the membranes in the uterus. To diagnose them, the doctor performs an ultrasound scan, and, if necessary, does a second cleaning. If nothing is found in the uterus, drugs are prescribed to actively contract the uterus and stop bleeding.

An increase in body temperature may indicate the onset of an inflammatory process. In this case, you also need to seek medical help. If there are no complications, the body recovers within 1-2 months.

Many couples experience spontaneous miscarriage in early pregnancy. An early miscarriage should not be an obstacle to the desire to have a baby. If an early miscarriage was a single one, then the chances normal flow subsequent pregnancy account for 80%.

With repeated miscarriages, the probability of normal developing pregnancy. To prevent this from happening, you need to determine the cause of the miscarriage, and if any disease has become it, be sure to treat it.

You can plan a new pregnancy only a few months after a miscarriage or curettage of the uterus.

Preventive measures

Women who once experienced a miscarriage are worried about how to prevent spontaneous abortion the next time. You can increase the likelihood of a normal course of the next pregnancy by adhering to some preventive measures:

• complete rejection of bad habits: smoking, drug and alcohol use;
• conducting healthy lifestyle life;
• moderate physical activity.

When a new pregnancy is detected, you should:

1. Consult your doctor as soon as possible so that he, if necessary, prescribes drugs for normal development early pregnancy.
2. Reduce consumption of strong tea and coffee.
3. Refuse to lift weights and play sports, especially if there is a chance of falling or injuring yourself.

An early miscarriage is not an out of the ordinary situation and, as painful as it is to say, is quite common. According to medical statistics, and there is no reason not to believe it, pregnancy is terminated for one reason or another in every eighth woman in the first trimester. Many future mothers know about the threat of interruption, but not everyone knows what specific symptoms are the reason for an urgent visit to the doctor. Therefore, in this article we will try to briefly and succinctly state the signs of an early miscarriage, its possible reasons and consequences.

Main symptoms

The main symptoms that you should definitely pay attention to are discharge with an admixture of blood (brown - including those that often occur with a missed pregnancy) and pain in the uterus and ovaries. At heavy bleeding the child cannot be saved in any way, but if the discharge is spotting, then it is urgent to seek help from a doctor. Timely help - although not a guarantee that the pregnancy will continue, but the only possible chance.

You should also be aware that in some situations, an early miscarriage has no symptoms, or rather, a woman may not know at all that she was in a position, and take bleeding for the next menstruation. In rare cases, a miscarriage occurs "simultaneously" - the whole fetus comes out with membranes.

And is it dangerous symptom uterine tone? Most physicians tend to think that no, if the tone is not regular and not painful. With the appearance of tone, gynecologists recommend using safe antispasmodics and lying down until everything returns to normal.

Causes of miscarriage

If we talk about very early terms, then spontaneous abortion in most cases is a kind of salvation for a couple, since it occurs due to chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus that are incompatible with normal life.

In addition, early miscarriage can be caused by hormonal causes. If there is a lack of progesterone in the body of the expectant mother, then there is a serious threat of interruption. Although at timely treatment, usually it is carried out in a hospital, you can save the child.

Other possible reasons.

1. Autoimmune factors.

2. Malformations of the uterus.

3. Various infections.

Possible consequences

As a rule, a spontaneous miscarriage at an early date does not threaten a woman with any serious health problems. Problems can arise only if the miscarriage was caused by self-made "folk" remedies, or if after what happened in the uterus there were particles of the fetus or its membranes - this happens the more often, the longer the gestational age. Precisely because of this possible complication our Russian doctors and prefer all women who have had an early miscarriage to do a curettage of the uterus for "preventive" purposes. After that, a control ultrasound is mandatory.

Many believe that the consequence of one miscarriage is repeated interruption. However, this is not entirely true, the causal relationship in this case defined incorrectly. Indeed, the ladies who survived this tragedy have an increased risk of a recurrence of the situation, but only if ... the cause of the incident is not established, or it is established, but not “treated”. So, an early miscarriage has no negative consequences if the woman seeks medical help on time. If not, there may be severe uterine bleeding, a large loss of blood, or even infection.

According to statistics, out of 100 pregnancies, 15-20 end in miscarriages. Most often this happens when a woman is not yet aware of her position. But if future mom already aware that conception has occurred, then a miscarriage becomes a terrible loss for her. Therefore, information regarding miscarriage will be useful both for those who are at the planning stage and for women who are already expecting a baby. Knowing the causes and symptoms of spontaneous abortion in the early stages, you can prevent the threat of losing a child, as well as avoid unpleasant consequences.

What is a spontaneous abortion

miscarriage (spontaneous or spontaneous abortion) is the rejection of the fetus by the mother's body for reasons beyond her control for up to 28 weeks.

Statistics of pregnancy gestation by women in Russia

There are three types of spontaneous abortion (depending on the period at which the miscarriage occurred).

1. Interrupt biochemical pregnancy(up to 3 weeks). For unknown reasons, the embryo detaches from the walls of the uterus and comes out along with blood clots. Bleeding at these times in most cases is perceived as the beginning of menstruation, since the woman does not yet know about her pregnancy.
2. Early miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion. Termination of pregnancy occurs before the third trimester.
3. Premature birth, or late miscarriage. The reasons may be various fetal pathologies, circulatory disorders, preeclampsia in the mother, etc. In most cases, with a miscarriage in the later stages, the child can be saved.

In each period of pregnancy, there are periods during which the threat of miscarriage is most likely. Most high risk the loss of a child occurs in the first month after conception, especially from 14 to 21 days.

In addition, you must be extremely careful in the following periods: 8-12, 16-20, 28-32 weeks. During these periods, a woman should rest more, avoid stress, listen to her feelings and visit a doctor in a timely manner.

If signs of an incipient miscarriage are found, a woman should immediately seek qualified medical help. Timely measures taken increase the chances of maintaining pregnancy and safe delivery at the appointed time.

The threat of miscarriage - how to keep the pregnancy (video)

Types

Miscarriages are divided into several types:

1. Inevitable (incomplete). He is accompanied by severe pain covering the lower back and lower abdomen. Accompanied by dilatation of the cervix and uterine bleeding. A miscarriage is considered inevitable when a fissure of the fetal bladder forms and the internal os of the uterus opens. Incessant pain and discharge are signs incomplete miscarriage.
2. Complete - spontaneous termination of pregnancy, in which the embryo or fetus is completely expelled from the uterine cavity. After complete cleansing of the organs, pain, spasms and bleeding disappear. Rarely, surgery is required.
3. Missed miscarriage or miscarriage. The dead fetus remains in the uterus, at first no symptoms are observed. Most often diagnosed at a scheduled appointment with a gynecologist or ultrasound. Surgical intervention is required.
4. Repeated miscarriage. It happens to about one in a hundred couples. When a woman has three pregnancies in a row end in an arbitrary termination in the early stages.
5. Anembryony. Fertilization and attachment of the egg occur, on examination, an increase in the uterus is observed, a fetal egg is formed, and other symptoms of pregnancy are also present. But the fetus either does not develop or dies at the initial stage.
6. chorionadenoma. It develops due to genetic disorders. In place of the fetal bladder, a simple piece of tissue is formed, which gradually increases in size.

At early diagnosis these conditions to a woman in without fail an abortion for medical reasons.

Features in the early stages

In most cases, complete or incomplete miscarriages occur in early pregnancy.

1. At complete miscarriage the uterus rejects the fetus completely, along with the waters and the fetal bladder.
2. In the case of an incomplete miscarriage, most often only the embryo is rejected, and amniotic membranes remain in the uterine cavity. The embryo can come out either completely or partially.

To avoid severe consequences incomplete miscarriage, a woman is cleaned, and hemostatic, hormonal, antibacterial drugs that cause uterine contractions are prescribed.

Without fail, after cleaning, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound to make sure that there are no blood clots and fetal tissues left, and the uterine mucosa is restored.

Causes

Most often, the causes of miscarriage are genetic abnormalities and fetal malformations that are incompatible with life. That is why some doctors prefer not to keep the pregnancy up to 12 weeks, arguing that this is natural selection. In some cases, it is suggested to have an abortion for medical reasons.

If a woman is hospitalized for preservation, then in most cases, doctors manage to prevent a miscarriage. At the same time, whenever possible, full examination fetus for genetic abnormalities. And only then a decision is made on further tactics of pregnancy management or a referral is issued for its termination.

The main causes of miscarriage in the early stages:

1. Genetic Defects:
   • anatomical (congenital and acquired malformations);
   • infectious (chronic endometritis);
   • genetic (structural or quantitative change in chromosomes);
   • endocrine;
   • thrombophilic;
   • immunological (autoimmune and alloimmune).
2. Disruption of hormone levels and performance thyroid gland.
3. Diseases of the reproductive system, sexually transmitted infections.
4. Viral and infectious diseases (flu, tonsillitis, rubella, chickenpox, toxoplasmosis).
5. Violation of blood flow between mother and child;
6. Severe pathologies internal organs fetus.
7. Bad habits of the mother (smoking, alcohol, drugs).
8. Transferred stress, nervous tension.
9. Physical activity, weight lifting, injury.
10. History of abortion, scars on the uterus and abdomen.
11. Taking medications that are contraindicated during pregnancy.
12. X-ray radiation.

The causes of early fetal rejection can also be attributed to a later period, although in the second and third trimesters, miscarriage is most often provoked by inflammatory processes in the uterine cavity or placenta.

Early symptoms

The following symptoms signal the threat of a miscarriage:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• vaginal bleeding (scarlet or brown discharge, smearing or abundant);
• convulsions.

In the early stages, pregnancy is not always known, so the symptoms of a miscarriage can be mistaken for the onset of a new period. It is worth noting that there are secondary signs of spontaneous abortion that distinguish it from critical days, in particular:

• vomiting and frequent loose stools;
• pain in the form of spasms;
• weight loss;
• bleeding alternating with mucus;
• aching pain in the lumbar region.

If you are aware of pregnancy, and even minor bleeding need to seek immediate medical attention.

There is such a thing as a frozen pregnancy, or a failed miscarriage. This is the cessation of fetal development and its death for up to 28 weeks. Signs of this condition:

• lack of toxicosis;
• decrease basal body temperature;
• weakness.

In addition, the symptoms of a miscarriage may differ depending on the stage of its course.

Symptoms depending on the stage of miscarriage (table)

Timely diagnosed threat of miscarriage and the onset of spontaneous abortion (first and second stages) with adequate treatment leave chances for saving the child. The next stages are irreversible and lead to termination of pregnancy.

Stages of spontaneous miscarriage (gallery)

Bleeding after a spontaneous abortion can last from 4 to 10 days Some time later, the ovum and placenta are expelled from the uterus. The clinical picture of a miscarriage: bleeding, accompanied by spasm and pain in the lower abdomen, pain in the lumbar region

Spontaneous abortion or period?

It is possible to determine that an abortion has occurred, and the next menstruation has not come, using control hCG levels in the blood and measurements of basal body temperature.

Basal body temperature is the most low temperature body, which is measured immediately after sleep, without getting out of bed.

Prevention

Even completely healthy woman not immune from spontaneous miscarriage. It is not always possible to detect genetic mutations, hereditary or chronic diseases, which often manifest themselves during pregnancy.

But you can follow simple rules that will allow you to conceive healthy child and increase the chances of a successful pregnancy. Among them:

• moderate and healthy eating, weight control;
• complete rejection of alcohol and cigarettes;
• taking multivitamins;
• exclusion of stress and overload;
• frequent and long walks fresh air;
• gymnastics or physical education;
• complete rest;
• scheduled doctor visits.

After early miscarriage a woman must undergo a full examination, treatment, and only with the permission of a doctor begin planning a new pregnancy.

2 out of 10 pregnancies, according to statistics, end in spontaneous miscarriage. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor your well-being while carrying a child. If you experience specific symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. Timely diagnosis and treatment will keep your pregnancy going and minimize the risk of miscarriage.

According to statistics, 15-20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriages. In most cases, this happens when a woman does not yet realize that she is pregnant. But sometimes it happens to those who have already become attached to their belly-maker and fell in love with him.

How to console a woman in this case? Only next pregnancy. But those who have had such a misfortune in their lives, and those who have not yet known the bitterness of loss, should go through a small educational program on issues related to miscarriage. The most important thing is to know what factors can cause miscarriage, and what can be done to prevent miscarriage.

The conversation will focus on early miscarriages that occur for up to 12 weeks, because the vast majority of them happen during this period. So, the most common causes of miscarriages in early pregnancy:

1. Genetic disorders in the fetus

According to statistics, about 73% of miscarriages occur for this reason. As a rule, these genetic defects are not hereditary in nature, but are the result of single mutations that occurred in the germ cells of the parents under the influence of harmful environmental factors (radiation, occupational hazards, viruses, etc.). Termination of pregnancy for this reason is a kind of natural selection - getting rid of weak, non-viable offspring.

It is almost impossible to prevent such a miscarriage, you can only reduce the risk of genetic abnormalities even before conception, by protecting yourself from the effects of mutagenic factors as much as possible. But at modern ecology the probability of mutations still remains, because miscarriages that occur for this reason can be considered a boon, because they save a woman from many problems and troubles in the future.

2. Hormonal disorders

When the balance of hormones in a woman's body is disturbed, early pregnancy termination often occurs. Most often this happens with a lack of the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone. With the timely detection of this problem, pregnancy can be saved with the help of progesterone preparations.

An excess of male sex hormones can also cause an early miscarriage - they suppress the production of estrogen and progesterone. Androgens are often the cause of recurrent (habitual) miscarriages. The adrenal and thyroid hormones also influence the formation and development of pregnancy. Therefore, dysfunction of these glands can also cause miscarriage.

3. Immunological causes

As a rule, this happens with an Rhesus conflict. The embryo inherits the Rh-positive father, while the mother's Rh-negative body rejects embryonic tissues that are foreign to it. To prevent miscarriage in case of immune conflict, progesterone preparations are used, which in this case have an immunomodulatory effect.

4. Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections: trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, chlamydia, as well as herpetic and cytomegalovirus infection often cause miscarriage.

Pathogenic bacteria and viruses cause infection of the fetus, damage to the membranes, resulting in a miscarriage. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to treat infections before pregnancy.

5. Common infectious diseases and inflammatory diseases of the internal organs

All diseases accompanied by intoxication and an increase in body temperature above 38 ° C can lead to miscarriage. Rubella is the leader in this list, viral hepatitis, flu. Even a banal sore throat can become fatal at 4-10 weeks of pregnancy. And pneumonia, pyelonephritis, appendicitis are a serious risk to the fetus. That is why, when planning a pregnancy, it is worth going through the full medical examination, identify and treat all foci of chronic infection.

6. History of abortion

Abortion is not just a medical manipulation: it is a huge stress for female body that can cause dysfunction of the ovaries, adrenal glands; contributing to the development of inflammatory processes in the genital organs. This can cause infertility and habitual miscarriages in the future.

7. Medicines and herbs

In the first trimester of pregnancy, it is advisable to avoid taking medications altogether. Many of them can cause abortion or cause the formation of developmental defects in the fetus. For example, narcotic analgesics or hormonal contraceptives often become the culprits of abortion. You also need to be careful with medicinal herbs: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy - are contraindicated in early pregnancy.

8. Stress

Strong fright or unexpected grief, resentment or prolonged mental overstrain are dangerous for little creature in your womb. If you, by the will of fate, are forced to be under the influence of stress, discuss with your doctor the possibility of taking sedatives, at least the same valerian.

9. Unhealthy lifestyle

Alcohol, drugs, smoking, excessive coffee consumption, wrong and not good nutrition- all of these are allies of a miscarriage. It is better to correct your lifestyle even before conception.

10. Falls, heavy lifting, sexual intercourse

Physical activity, heavy lifting, light falls, contrary to popular belief, by themselves rarely lead to miscarriage. They can be - and often are - a "trigger" of spontaneous abortion if any of the above problems are present. However, if the mother's body is healthy and the genetic program of the fetus is normal, then a fall or physical overload must be truly terrible in order to harm the fetus.

Signs of a miscarriage

If you notice the first signs of an impending miscarriage in time, you can usually save the pregnancy. Pain in the lower abdomen or in the lower back, especially cramping, spotting, bleeding - if any of these symptoms appear, immediately consult a doctor, call an ambulance. In such situations, every minute counts. Bleeding with pieces of tissue suggests that a miscarriage has already occurred.

Early miscarriage - frequent occurrence. According to statistics, every fourth pregnancy ends in spontaneous termination. What is the reason for this condition and how to prevent the threat of miscarriage? You will find the answer in this article.

Early miscarriage: causes

An early miscarriage in gynecology is a condition in which a woman loses a child for up to 12 weeks. Experts note that almost 60% of spontaneous abortions are caused by chromosomal mutations in the fetus. If a certain anomaly appears during the development of the embryo, the woman's body in most cases gets rid of non-viable offspring itself.

Genetic defects can be inherited or develop spontaneously. It is impossible to prevent such a miscarriage, but the risk of developing mutations can be eliminated even before conception, protecting the woman from the negative effects of teratogenic factors.

Common reasons for miscarriage:

• Hormonal disruptions. Habitual miscarriages at an early stage can provoke hormonal imbalance, in particular increased concentration male sex hormones that prevent the production of progesterone (pregnancy hormone). In this case, a properly selected course of hormonal drugs will help eliminate the problem.
• The influence of the Rh factor. If the embryo receives a positive Rh factor from the father, then the body of a woman with a negative Rh perceives it as a foreign object that needs to be disposed of. As a result of the Rhesus conflict, spontaneous abortion occurs. A course of immunomodulatory therapy will help to correct the situation. Treatment is carried out at the stage of pregnancy planning.
• Of particular danger to the embryo are sexually transmitted infections. Infection of the fetus with pathogens of syphilis, gonorrhea, toxoplasmosis, herpes or chlamydia causes damage to the membranes and provokes a miscarriage. Many pathologies can proceed secretly, therefore, even at the stage of pregnancy planning, the expectant mother must undergo a medical examination, which allows timely elimination of foci of infection in the body.

• No less dangerous are chronic inflammatory diseases of internal organs and general infections, accompanied by intoxication of the body. This list includes rubella, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, viral hepatitis. Even a banal flu or a sore throat serious threat for the fetus.
• Taking certain medications. The cause of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy can be some drugs - antidepressants, retinoids, NSAIDs or antifungals. When planning conception, this moment must be taken into account.
• Lifestyle. Improper, unbalanced diet, excessive consumption of caffeinated drinks, bad habits (smoking, alcohol) are risk factors that provoke an early miscarriage.
• The negative impact of regular stress, psycho-emotional overstrain, deep personal experiences should also be taken into account. Experts recommend adjusting the lifestyle even before conception and try to protect the woman as much as possible from the effects of any adverse situations and strong nervous shocks.

In addition, the cause of miscarriage in early pregnancy can be chronic diseases of the female genital area, previous abortions, congenital anomalies development of the genital organs, obesity, as well as the age factor. It is noted that after 40 years the risk of abortion increases several times.

How does a miscarriage happen?

The process of abortion develops gradually, over several hours or even days. With timely seeking medical help, a woman can still be helped. How does a miscarriage happen? In its development, spontaneous abortion goes through several stages.

1. Risk of miscarriage. A woman develops minor spotting, complaints about drawing pains in the lower back and suprapubic region. On examination, hypertonicity of the uterus is revealed. Even minor highlight blood - danger sign requiring immediate medical attention. At this stage, it is still possible to stop spontaneous abortion.
2. A miscarriage that has begun is manifested by similar symptoms, which gradually increase and become more pronounced. A fragmentary detachment of the fetal egg begins, a partial opening of the cervical canal occurs. But even at this stage, a woman can still be helped under the condition of emergency hospitalization in a hospital.
3. Miscarriage in progress - there are cramping pains in the lower abdomen, the embryo is completely separated from the endometrium, but still remains in the uterine cavity. Abundant bleeding begins, which indicates the final death of the embryo. External and internal pharynx the uterus opens, in the lumen of the cervix or vagina, upon examination, the elements of the fetal egg are determined.
4. incomplete abortion. This condition is characterized painful sensations lower abdomen, lower back profuse bleeding. Elements of the fetal egg remain in the uterine cavity. Large blood loss is accompanied by dizziness, weakness, falling blood pressure, fainting.
5. A complete spontaneous abortion is said to occur after the complete release of all parts of the embryo. After the uterus is cleansed, it contracts, returning to its previous shape and size. All associated symptoms (pain, bleeding) disappear, the woman does not need further therapy, but remains under medical supervision.

But far from always, fragments of the fetal egg completely come out of the uterus. In this case, the woman will have to go through the curettage procedure, otherwise the remains of the embryo will begin to decompose in the uterine cavity and become a source of infection. The spread of pathogenic microorganisms threatens with dangerous complications and severe inflammatory processes. The operation in this case is necessary, otherwise there is a direct threat to the health and life of the woman.

Consequences of a miscarriage

Spontaneous abortion at an early stage can be accompanied by a number of complications.

• Injury to the endometrium during curettage of the uterus can later lead to the development of endometritis.
• Significant blood loss uterine bleeding often becomes the cause of posthemorrhagic anemia, accompanied by constant weakness, pallor, dizziness, decreased performance.
• Hormonal imbalances after a spontaneous abortion can cause repeated miscarriages, which reduce the chance of carrying a normally developing pregnancy.
• Psychological problems. A miscarriage during a long-awaited pregnancy is a strong emotional shock for a woman. Many couples go through a difficult situation that destroys hopes for the birth of an heir. At this stage, the woman and her husband need the help of a psychologist to come to terms with the loss and continue trying to find a happy, full-fledged family.

If, after a miscarriage, the temperature rises sharply to high values, chills, severe weakness, purulent discharge from the vagina, pain in the pelvic area appear, you should urgently consult a doctor. Similar signs talk about infection of the body and the development of a severe inflammatory process.

A few weeks after a complete abortion, an analysis of the level of HCH is necessary. If it does not decrease, there is a risk of developing dangerous complication- cystic drift. Pathology is characterized by the growth of chorionic villi into fluid-filled blisters. The consequence of this condition may be infertility, intrauterine infections, or the development of malignant choriocarcinoma.

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Diagnostic methods

How is threatened early pregnancy termination diagnosed? If a threat of miscarriage is suspected, the doctor conducts a gynecological examination, takes into account the patient's complaints and data from laboratory and instrumental research methods.

During the survey, the obstetrician-gynecologist finds out the date of the last menstruation, draws attention to the presence and influence of adverse factors - occupational hazards, recently transferred infectious diseases, in the treatment of which certain groups of medicines were used, and other nuances. The doctor then evaluates general state women and the nature of the pain syndrome.

During a vaginal examination, the gynecologist finds out whether the uterus is in good shape, whether its size corresponds to the declared gestational age, and also pays attention to the condition of the cervix and the volume of vaginal discharge. In addition to routine blood and urine tests, laboratory tests are performed to determine the level of progesterone and hormone detection. chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), the presence of which may indicate an ectopic pregnancy.

A special role in terms of diagnosis is given to ultrasound (transvaginal ultrasound). This method is the "gold standard" to determine the threat of early miscarriage. If it is impossible to conduct it, they resort to the procedure of transabdominal scanning. With this method, it is possible to determine the cessation of the cardiac activity of the embryo or complete absence fertilized egg.

Therapy Methods

When anxiety symptoms it is important not to panic. You need to contact your obstetrician-gynecologist as soon as possible for examination and treatment.

Treatment in a hospital

The first recommendations to a woman are the exclusion of any physical activity and bed rest. Usually a woman is placed in a hospital to maintain pregnancy. In especially severe cases, the patient is forbidden to get out of bed.

In order to maintain pregnancy, doctors prescribe to a woman drugs containing gestagens (female sex hormones) that block uterine contractions. With the threat of bleeding, tronexamic acid is used. Take off pain syndrome antispasmodics will help - no-shpa, drotaverine, rectal suppositories with papaverine. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe injections of vitamins, droppers with magnesia.

When hormonal deficiency is detected, the therapy includes drugs with progesterone - utrogestan or duphaston. In the presence of a Rh conflict, a woman needs to take medications that eliminate the threat of rejection of the fetal egg. After the ultrasound, the doctor may recommend suturing the cervix. This procedure allows you to leave the fetal egg inside the female womb.

Surgery

TO surgical intervention resort to the following steps: miscarriage on the move incomplete abortion or massive bleeding. The purpose of such an intervention is to remove the remnants of the embryo and restore full hemostasis. The procedure is done under anesthesia using a vacuum aspirator or by means of mechanical curettage (scraping) of the walls of the uterus.

If a patient is admitted to the hospital with a complete abortion, surgical intervention do not resort, limited to monitoring the condition of the woman. In the future, in almost 85% of women who have had an early spontaneous abortion, subsequent pregnancy develops normally.

Treatment at home

If the threat of miscarriage is insignificant, a woman can stay at home, provided that all medical recommendations are carefully followed. The main ones are:

• exclusion of physical activity;
• correct daily routine;
• good nutrition - the basis of the diet is fresh vegetables and fruits, greens, dairy products, dietary meat;
• walks in the fresh air before going to bed;
• a ban on taking hot baths - you should wash yourself in the shower.

On the advice of a doctor, you can take folic acid, vitamin B6 or special vitamin complexes for pregnant. In the process of treatment, it is important to avoid negative thoughts and stressful situations. Relatives and relatives at this time should surround the pregnant woman with attention and care.

Prevention of miscarriage

Before planning a pregnancy, every woman is advised to undergo a complete medical examination and consult with a geneticist. It is very important at the stage of preparation for the upcoming conception to exclude the influence of any teratogenic factors. Doctors recommend:

• give up bad habits, taking large doses of caffeine;
• exclude work in hazardous industries;
• support physical activity;
• Healthy food;
• avoid stressful situations;
• treat chronic diseases in advance and eliminate foci of infection;

Additionally, you can take special vitamin complexes designed to prepare a woman's body for conception.