What are the symptoms of a week pregnant. week of pregnancy - sensations. week: pregnancy planning - video

Today we will talk about how to recognize the first signs of pregnancy and whether it is possible to find out about conception even before the delay in menstruation.

To plan conception, you need to know the date of ovulation. To do this, you need to keep a calendar of the menstrual cycle, measure the basal temperature correctly and regularly.

If you have 28-30 days between critical days, then the egg will leave the follicle in the middle of the cycle. If the gap is greater than or less days, then 14 must be subtracted from the number of days in the cycle.

For example, if the cycle length is 35 days, then ovulation will occur approximately 21 days after the start of the last menstruation (35-14 = 21).

The most reliable signs of pregnancy in the early days

Basal temperature indicators. If you keep records basal indicators, then you know that the graph looks like a curve - the peak of values \u200b\u200bis on the day of ovulation, after which they decrease. If this does not happen, the temperature does not drop below 37.1 degrees, the likelihood that you are pregnant is quite high. But similar situation observed in some inflammatory processes, so you need to consider other symptoms.
Bloody discharge before the onset of critical days- on underwear you can see a few brown or pink spots about a week after ovulation. This phenomenon is called implantation bleeding, a fertilized egg has reached the uterus, fixed in the epithelium, if the integrity of the tissues is violated, a few drops of blood appear. But this symptom does not always appear.
severe weakness, constant fatigue, drowsiness- with the onset of pregnancy, a lot of changes take place in a woman's body, and the body spends a lot of energy on all this. There may also be signs of a cold, as the immune system weakens after conception.
Frequent mood swings, tearfulness, sentimentality.
The occurrence of discomfort in a sitting position.
Uncharacteristic allergic reactions . The immune system pregnant women from the first days begins to work for two, therefore, it perceives any potential allergen as an enemy substance. Reacts accordingly: rash, peeling, redness.
Condition of the cervix. Before menstruation, it becomes soft, opens, rises high. If conception has occurred, then the organ becomes hard to the touch, closes, sinks low.

All these signs indirectly indicate pregnancy, since they can accompany various pathological conditions in the body, so in any case, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor.

How to find out about pregnancy before a delay in menstruation - sensations and external manifestations

The first sensations during the onset of pregnancy in each woman manifest themselves in different ways, many manage to find out about conception in a few days.

First signs of pregnancy before missed period

Toxicosis. Nausea, vomiting, slight fever - these symptoms appear due to the fact that the body perceives the fetus as a foreign body. may be early, late, or absent altogether.
Decrease in arterial indicators. Hypotension develops against the background of restructuring in of cardio-vascular system, manifests itself in the form of dizziness, migraine, nausea, weakness.
Increased nipple sensitivity, soreness of the mammary glands - the body begins to prepare for breastfeeding which causes breast swelling.
Tubercles of Montgomery. A rather specific and accurate sign of pregnancy - small elevations appear on the areola near the nipples, which are outwardly similar to goose bumps. Often appear on initial terms pregnancy and venous drawings on the chest.
Nagging pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, tingling sensation in the uterus - normal phenomenon, so the reproductive organ is preparing for upcoming birth. Normally, discomfort should last no more than 2 days.
Sleep disturbance pregnant women suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, they are constantly sleepy.
Change in taste preferences, increased appetite, intolerance to smells - classic signs of pregnancy, usually appear at the beginning of the second month, but many women begin to experience such sensations from the first days after conception.
Digestive problems- bloating, constipation, diarrhea. With the onset of pregnancy, the intestines begin to work slowly, its walls swell a little against the background of hormonal changes, various dyspeptic disorders appear, salivation increases, and an obsessive taste of metal in the mouth appears.
Frequent urination- a consequence of hormonal changes, occurs approximately 10-14 days after conception.

The onset of pregnancy may be indicated by swelling of the face, the appearance of acne or their sudden complete disappearance, a constant bright blush. Against the background of calcium deficiency, cramps occur during sleep.

Most of these signs occur during PMS, so you should wait until the onset of critical days, or take a pregnancy test. Delayed menstruation is one of the most obvious signs pregnancy on early dates.

When can I do a pregnancy test

Even the most sensitive test will not show pregnancy immediately after conception, it should be done no earlier than a week after the date of ovulation. During this time, the fertilized egg will move through the fallopian tubes until it is implanted in the uterus, the hCG level will be low.

The first signs of pregnancy in the early stages - diagnostic methods

An increase in the level of hCG in the blood, ultrasound, listening to the fetal heartbeat, all other signs are called by doctors possible symptoms pregnancy.

Precise signs of pregnancy:

HCG level. This hormone begins to be produced 7-10 days after conception, its level rises throughout pregnancy, based on this indicator, the development of the fetus is judged.
ultrasound- most exact method definition of pregnancy, but even good specialist will be able to see a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity 2 weeks after the delay.
Listening to the baby's heartbeat- one of the most touching moments in the life of every woman. But you can hear how your baby's heart beats only at 10-12 weeks.

If, against the background of a delay in menstruation, abundant bloody issues, the pain in the lower abdomen is intense, cutting, the temperature rises sharply - you need to urgently consult a doctor, these symptoms may indicate ectopic pregnancy.

Conclusion

After conception, radical changes occur in the female body, which can manifest itself in the form of various symptoms, new sensations, changes in psycho-emotional state.

How to determine pregnancy without a test, what happens in the body in the early stages, when pregnancy symptoms appear, and what they are, the first days after conception - look for answers in our article.

The first symptoms of pregnancy before the delay will tell the woman that she will soon become a mother. When you are waiting for two strips on the test, in all the changes in the body you are looking for hints of a conception that has happened. How to recognize yourself?

The slightest malaise, irritability, or - immediately the thought in my head: I will have a child. Many moms do say that these were the first symptoms of pregnancy.

You can also hear the opinion that forgetfulness, enlarged breasts and a spiritualized facial expression indicate conception.

Of course, all these signs of changes in the body can signal a long-awaited pregnancy. But not always such symptoms are indicators of an interesting situation.

How the first signs of pregnancy were recognized in ancient times

Even hundreds and even thousands of years ago, people learned to recognize the first signs of pregnancy. IN ancient egypt, for example, to learn about interesting position women, they prepared a “test” drink for her.

It consisted of a special herb and the milk of a mother who gave birth to a boy. If such a mixture caused a woman to vomit, the verdict was unequivocal: she was pregnant!

The ancient Jews asked the woman to walk on the soft grass and then studied her footprints.

Unfortunately, information has not reached our days on how to interpret prints and determine pregnancy by traces, but modern doctors have learned simpler and exact signs that the woman is expecting a baby.

Symptoms of pregnancy in the first trimester

Even when planning a pregnancy, it is impossible to determine that conception has occurred. Moreover, symptoms at week 2 may also go unnoticed. Many women experience delays in menstrual cycle and they perceive the absence of menstruation as another failure.

Within 1 week there are no obvious symptoms of pregnancy. Fatigue, mood swings, frequent urination, drowsiness are usually attributed to signs of PMS. It is rare that someone assumes pregnancy and runs to the pharmacy for a test.

The first signs of pregnancy: symptoms in the second week

In the second week after fertilization, there are no obvious sensations in the body that indicate pregnancy. The processes proceed in the same way as in the first week.

A distinctive feature is the decrease in the immunity of the expectant mother. The fact is that the embryo is perceived by the woman's body as a foreign body. Protective functions fall so that the pregnancy is preserved. For this reason, colds are possible.

Symptoms at 2 weeks pregnant:

drowsiness
insomnia
weakness
lower abdomen may ache
breasts are sensitive
headache
pulling sensations in the lower back

In the second week of pregnancy, the embryo is already firmly attached to the uterus and that's it. nutrients gets out female body. The heart, blood vessels and amniotic sac begin to form.

How to detect pregnancy early

A woman wants to know for sure whether she will become a mother this time, no matter what the symptoms of pregnancy before the delay. You can find out the result in different ways.

Perform a blood test for hCG

The fastest and most accurate method for determining pregnancy in the early stages. In addition, it gives results before the delay - on the 5th day after intercourse.

pregnancy hCG is from 20 to 150 mU / ml
pregnancy increases from 100 to 4870 mU / ml
pregnancy, hCG fluctuates in the range of 2500-82,000 mU / ml
pregnancy, hCG in the blood can reach 151,000 mU / ml

Take a pregnancy test

The best time to take the test is the day the delay is discovered. It makes no sense to do before, because you can get false negative result. There are a few simple rules to follow when taking a pregnancy test.

read the instructions and follow them
do a test in the first days after a delay
use morning urine to test
if the test shows a controversial result - do another one

Visit a gynecologist to detect pregnancy

In the early stages of pregnancy, an examination by a gynecologist is uninformative. In the first weeks after conception, changes in the size of the uterus and the walls of the vagina are not noticeable. However, if pregnancy is suspected, the doctor will send for an ultrasound or prescribe a blood test for hCG.

Victoria Taranenko, gynecologist:

“Doctors, of course, rely on facts. And if mom makes assumptions and looks at external first signs of pregnancy, then the gynecologist, as a rule, with 90% accuracy can, upon examination, say whether pregnancy has occurred, and a change in the shape of the uterus indicates 100% pregnancy. This symptom can be checked by an obstetrician or by ultrasound, the error of the results of which does not exceed 10%.

Signs of early pregnancy

Precisely about pregnancy indicate an increase hCG level in the blood, listening to the baby's heartbeat or ultrasound results. All the rest are just possible first signs of pregnancy

Small discharge
If you find a few brown drops on your underwear, then it may not be menstruation at all, but. It is likely that right now the cell that will become a baby is “travelling” in search of the uterine wall. This is one of the very first signs of pregnancy. But! This process can also take place without any separation.
Raise
Don't be lazy: watch your basal temperature throughout the cycle. If you are pregnant, either the temperature will rise to 37 degrees or drop sharply for one day in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. This process is called "implantation retraction".
There can be two reasons. Firstly, from the middle of the second phase, the production of the hormone progesterone, which is responsible for raising the temperature, decreases, but if you are pregnant, it starts to be produced again. Therefore, temperature fluctuations occur. Secondly, during pregnancy, the hormone estrogen is released, which lowers the temperature.
See our
Constant weakness and fatigue
Many women who are not yet aware of their situation believe that they just got sick. And this is partly true. One of the causes of weakness is a decrease in immunity. Some expectant mothers at the first or even have a cough and runny nose.
sensitive chest.
If the sensitivity of the nipples sharply increases, then it is likely that you are pregnant. This symptom appears through two weeks after conception. On the. The chest can react even to the gentlest touch, it can swell or just hurt. Darkened skin around the areolas of the nipples can also indicate pregnancy.
Tubercles of Montgomery
Montgomery tubercles are such tiny bumps on the areola of the chest, resembling goose bumps. They do not pose any threat to your health, but their appearance is often a sign of a woman's pregnancy.
Insomnia.
Many women in connection with changes in the body may experience insomnia, sleep disturbance. Future mothers do not get enough sleep, even if they went to bed early and woke up not with the first roosters.
IN sleep can tend in the middle of the day, just behind the workplace. And this is nothing if the work does not involve danger, so move to a more “calm” department in advance. You should not worry: it's just that the body has its own ways to report its new status.
Nausea, sensitivity to smells
This is a classic sign that appears on . Approximately half of expectant mothers faced such unpleasant sensations. But do not rush to rejoice if such an indicator appeared in the morning: maybe in the evening you just ate something “wrong”?
Lower back pain
Pain in the back or lower back maybe a little noticeable . And such "lumbago" in the lower back will accompany the expectant mother throughout the entire period of pregnancy, periodically making itself felt.
Bloating
During pregnancy, the intestines become "lazy", and do not think that in the process of digestion, he needs to monitor the level of gas production. Bloating can also be felt because the intestinal walls swell a little.
Frequent urination
Two weeks after conception, you may feel frequent urges to the toilet. This is due to a change hormonal background, and not, as is commonly believed, distension of the uterus or pressure of the fetus on the bladder (the child is still too small).
Delayed menstruation
This is perhaps the most common first. Namely, having noticed it, we confidently go to the pharmacy for a test. But, if your cycle is irregular, you should not rely on the delay.

Symptoms of twin pregnancy are no different from the listed signs of early pregnancy. The fact that several embryos are growing in the body of the expectant mother can be found out on a planned ultrasound.

Signs of pregnancy. Symptoms of early pregnancy (video)

The exact signs of early pregnancy

Increasing the level of hCG in the blood. The "pregnancy hormone" begins to increase 7-10 days after. The hCG test is fairly reliable in determining pregnancy. Therefore, by donating blood from a vein in any laboratory, you can find out about your situation even before the delay of menstruation.
Listening to the baby's heartbeat. With the help of an electronic stethoscope, you can hear how the baby's heart beats at 10-12 weeks. His heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute.
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound). The recommended period for the first ultrasound is 7-12 weeks, but it can be used to determine the gestational age from 2-3 weeks.

Unfortunately, a woman cannot find out about her pregnancy directly at the moment of conception. It may take a couple of months before the first signs of pregnancy appear. In addition, since each organism is unique, changes in it will also manifest themselves in different ways. But anyway, before a week signs of conception can not be seen.

If there is a strong suspicion that conception might have occurred, waiting for the first delay can be too painful. I would like to verify this as soon as possible. However, the first week of pregnancy is determined quite approximately, because the body is still preparing for changes in the hormonal background, organs and systems. Therefore, even a pregnancy test in the first days after conception is practically useless. He can show reliable result just two weeks later.

The first signs of pregnancy before a delay in menstruation 1

The duration of the menstrual cycle for each woman is individual and averages 26-36 days. By marking the dates of the onset of menstruation on the calendar, you can always track the delay, which will be the first signal that conception has occurred. However, in women of childbearing age, menstrual irregularities are often found, so relying completely on the calendar in this issue not worth it. There are a number of signs that certain conditions may indicate pregnancy

An increase in the volume of the abdomen and the volume of the uterus.

An increase in the volume of the abdomen does not always indicate pregnancy, the gynecologist must probe exactly the uterus - if it has increased in size, this indicates the onset of pregnancy.

Breast enlargement and soreness.

The nipples may also increase in diameter and change their color to a darker one. This is how the breast begins to prepare for the future feeding of the baby. This symptom is found in about 70% of pregnant women. At the same time, it can indicate not only that pregnancy has come, but also about the approaching menstruation. Also, breast enlargement and swelling can sometimes occur as a result of taking birth control pills.

An increase in basal temperature above 37 degrees.

Basal temperature is measured in the rectum or vagina immediately after waking up. Its value above 37 degrees can last for the first few weeks until the placenta (the membrane that protects the fetus) starts its work. If a woman constantly maintains a temperature graph, then it will be easier for her to notice the changes that have occurred. An elevated basal body temperature may be accompanied by chills, drowsiness, and weakness, but over time, these symptoms disappear. It should be noted that the temperature does not rise above 37.2-37.3.

Work changes gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms of toxicosis are easily confused with the usual food poisoning: diarrhea and vomiting at any time of the day, regardless of the food eaten. Constipation may also occur. This is explained by the fact that pregnancy provokes changes in the pelvic organs. Because of this, 2 weeks after conception, frequent urination may appear, especially at night. However, diseases can also be the cause of these symptoms.

Nausea and aversion to smells.

There are no clear time limits for toxicosis, so every woman can be tormented by nausea in different time days, not necessarily in the morning. Moreover, toxicosis can appear both a few days after conception, and a few months later. Many women find that smells that used to be their favorite can cause nausea.

Changing food habits.

These are the earliest symptoms of pregnancy that may appear before the onset of a delay. Previously loved dishes may seem tasteless, and unloved, on the contrary, appetizing, etc. Often there is a craving not only for some products, but also for their unusual combinations. An increase in appetite can also indicate early signs of pregnancy, but nutrition should still remain moderate. The main attention should be paid to the usefulness of the diet.

pressure drop, fast fatiguability, drowsiness, fainting.

Apathy and weakness are very common early pregnancy signs as the body shifts to a new routine and learns to function differently. The pregnancy hormone, progesterone, which begins to be very actively released during this period, has a depressing effect on the psyche.

Basal temperature measurement 2

An increase in basal temperature is one of the first signs of pregnancy in the early stages. Therefore, its measurement can be very useful. Basal temperature is the temperature in the rectum or in the vagina, which is measured in the morning in a state of complete rest. Based on these indicators, an ovulation calendar is usually kept, because during its onset the temperature rises. So, before ovulation, the basal temperature is below 37 degrees, and then it rises by 0.6 degrees or more, i.e. turns out to be over 37 degrees. After ovulation is over, the temperature should drop. But if fertilization has occurred, this does not happen. At the moment of attachment of the embryo to the uterus, a sharp jump in basal temperature can occur.

Basal temperature is measured rectally, it is important to measure it in the morning after waking up, when the body is still at rest and has not had time to be exposed to external factors. It is better to start measurements on the first day of the cycle and do it every morning before getting out of bed. It is necessary to measure the basal temperature at the same time using a constant mercury (5-10 minutes) or electronic (less desirable) thermometer. All indicators must be recorded.

Bleeding as a sign of pregnancy 3

Other early symptom the onset of pregnancy is implantation (bleeding that occurs during the fixation of the embryo in the wall of the uterus) bleeding, which occurs in about a quarter of women. This process is similar to menstruation, so many may confuse it, believing that there is actually no delay and pregnancy. That is why it is so important to distinguish one from the other. When a fertilized egg is introduced into the uterine cavity, its mucosa is disturbed, as a result of which it can be damaged blood vessels in her. As a result, bleeding occurs, similar to menstruation.

Implantation bleeding occurs about a week after conception, lasts a couple of hours, and usually stops immediately or comes back briefly. Such discharge, unlike menstrual flow, is minimal - it can be a few drops or spotting, noticeably different in color from menstrual blood, always without dark clots. And the most important difference is that implantation bleeding occurs 3-6 days before menstruation, which then does not appear on the due date according to the calendar.

Feeling sick as a sign of pregnancy 3

Many of the ailments associated with early pregnancy are temporary and should not cause much concern. For example, at this time, bloating, heartburn and constipation are often observed, which eventually go away on their own. Almost all pregnant women have a slight decrease in pressure and an increase in temperature up to 37.5 degrees. Common and drawing pains in the waist.

Flatulence, constipation and diarrhea, which occur in a third of pregnant women in the early stages, are the result of changes in the hormonal background in their body. The hormone progesterone, which is produced in large quantities during pregnancy, slightly slows down the work of the gastrointestinal tract, from which its disorders occur. In addition, toxicosis of pregnant women is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, which can occur at any time of the day. The changes in taste preferences, appearing during pregnancy, sometimes signal which vitamins and other useful material have now become the most important for the child.

The most obvious sign of early pregnancy

The most obvious sign of pregnancy is a missed period. But, given that a violation of the cycle can have a number of reasons, you cannot completely rely on this symptom. In this case, the delay should be the reason for visiting the gynecologist or at least buying a pregnancy test. If there are other first signs of pregnancy, then contacting medical institution already a must. If you don’t have “your” gynecologist yet, it’s time to find one. The list of doctors can be viewed on this.

Based on blood and urine tests, it will be known exactly whether pregnancy has occurred or not. To make the results more indicative, you can wait a few days after the delay occurs. However, there is a way to find out about pregnancy at the earliest possible time - by the pregnancy hormone hCG (chorionic gonadotropin), which is determined in the blood from the second week after conception. At a three-week period, an ultrasound shows the fetus.

1. Obstetrics: a textbook for universities / Savelyeva G.M., Shalina R.I., Sichinava L.G., Panina O.B., Kurtser M.A. - M. 2009. - 656 p.
2. Anisimova N. V. Thermometry as a method of functional diagnostics // Proceedings of the Penza State Pedagogical University them. VG Belinsky. - 2007. - no. 9. S. 36-38
3. Tetruashvili N. K., Sidelnikova V. M. Modern principles therapy of bleeding in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy // Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases. - 2007. - T. 56. - No. 2. - S. 66-71
4. 1001 questions for a future mother. Big Book answers to all questions // AST, AST Moscow, Prime Eurosign, Moscow, 2008 P. 5-12

This article is for informational purposes only. If you have symptoms of any disease or feel unwell, the first thing to do is consult a doctor! The tips in this resource can help you in emergency situations where qualified medical personnel are not available.

Every woman wants to know about the onset of pregnancy before the test shows two pink stripes. How to do it? What are the symptoms? What should a pregnant woman know? What can be done? What are the signs of pregnancy in the first week? You can find out the answers to all these and many other questions that arise on this topic from our article.

Where does it all begin?

There are two methods for calculating gestational age:

Obstetric

First day menstrual bleeding called the beginning of a new female cycle. It is from the first day of the menstrual cycle that the preparation of the body for pregnancy begins. Obstetricians and gynecologists calculate the obstetric gestational age starting from the first day of your last menstruation, because it was from that moment that the egg began to mature, which would become an embryo. The obstetric period of the entire pregnancy is 40 weeks. Conception occurs in the third week of pregnancy, and the first and second weeks are the weeks of planning and maturation of the egg. In medicine, the obstetric term is used by default when calculating the duration of pregnancy.

Embryonic

Conception is considered the starting point, its beginning is calculated by dividing the length of the menstrual cycle in half and determining the date of the middle of the cycle. Embryonic term 12-16 days less obstetric. A woman can feel signs of pregnancy only in the first weeks of the embryonic period.

Before conception

female body and reproductive system- this is a very complex and unique mechanism, the launch of preparation for pregnancy begins every month anew. On the first day of the cycle, the following processes begin to occur:

With menstrual flow, a female reproductive cell comes out - an egg that has not been fertilized by a male reproductive cell - a spermatozoon. Also, the mucous membrane comes out - the endometrium, which grew in the uterus in order to accept the fertilized egg as a "feather bed".
The hormone estrogen begins to be produced. This hormone is interconnected with the so-called happiness hormones - dopamine and serotonin, and it also makes the skin more elastic and smooth. Estrogen reaches its maximum concentration by the time of ovulation, so you can feel emotionally uplifted, and the skin looks very attractive. By the end of the menstrual cycle, if fertilization has not taken place, estrogen rapidly decreases, hence the swings in emotions and premenstrual pimples.
Follicles begin to grow in the ovaries, by 8-11 days after the onset of menstruation, one or two dominant (main) follicles will be determined. In the middle of the cycle, the follicle reaches a diameter of 20-24 mm, bursts and releases the female germ cell ready to meet with the sperm - this is called ovulation.

There are cycles in which several dominant follicles (two or three) mature, so there may be more than one egg. In such cases, twins and triplets are born. There is no exact justification for why "double ovulation" occurs, but it is believed that this is influenced by genetic predisposition, food, and the woman's age.

Ovulation

Ovulation is the phase of the menstrual cycle when an egg is released from the follicle. The egg lives 12-36 hours after ovulation - this is the time for fertilization, then it regenerates.

Conception will occur if the sperm enters the egg one day after ovulation. It is believed that healthy male spermatozoa can live in the uterus for up to 7 days. It follows from this that if sexual intercourse was even 7 days before ovulation, there is a possibility of conception.

Lead your women's calendar, where you enter the beginning of menstruation. You will be able to control your cycle and know the date of the expected fertilization.

Fertilization

Embryology is a science that studies the processes of fertilization, but even this science cannot establish all the details. Can a woman feel the moment of conception? Are there any symptoms of fertilization? In the first few days, a woman will not be able to feel any symptoms and special manifestations of conception, but after 5-7 days after fertilization, the most sensitive and observant ones will be able to catch changes in her body.

At the time of sexual intercourse female vagina 150-250 million spermatozoa make it to the egg, but only a dozen will reach the egg, and the winner in this race can be one spermatozoon, which carries the genetic code of the father.

After conception

From 2 parent germ cells begins new life, consider what happens at the beginning of pregnancy by day:

1 day after fertilization. The combined sperm and egg is called a zygote. A day later, the zygote begins its crushing.
2 days after fertilization. The fertilized cell divides into two, which are called blastomeres. Blastomeres continue to divide, but the egg itself does not increase in size. The future embryo fallopian tube moving towards the uterus.
3 days after fertilization. A normally developed embryo should have 7-9 blastomeres. If there are no defects in the genetic material that was laid in the egg and sperm, then the division into blastomeres continues. If there are problems with DNA, then the cells stop dividing normally and die.
4 days after fertilization. The embryo is at a stage called morula - it consists of 10-16 blastomeres. The morula reaches the uterus.
5 days after fertilization. At this stage, a blastocyst is formed, which consists of two types of cells - trophoblast and embryoblast. Sometimes a blastocyst can have two embryoblasts - this indicates the development of identical (monochorial) twins.
6 days after fertilization. Blastocyst has 100-120 cells. The embryo begins its implantation in the uterus.

If we consider conception as the starting point for the beginning of pregnancy, then after the embryo is attached to the uterus, on the 6-7th day, changes begin in the woman's body. Observant women can feel the changes and find out about the onset of pregnancy before medical methods show it.

There is a difference between the terms "conception" and "pregnancy". Pregnancy can be diagnosed by delayed menstruation, increased hCG hormone, on ultrasound to determine the fetal egg with the embryo. More than half of conceptions stop developing at an early stage of 2-12 or more days, and a fetal egg that has stopped developing can come out with menstruation, conception will not be diagnosed, and the woman will perceive this as a normal menstrual cycle.

Feelings and signs of fertilization

Some women claim that they feel the moment of ovulation. WITH medical point vision, if a woman observes changes in the body, her secretions and sensations - this is likely. At the time of ovulation, the follicle bursts, which has a size of 20-25 mm, so this can really give a feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen, and the main symptoms of ovulation will be:

will increase vaginal discharge, they will become more watery;
A drop of blood may appear on the linen from the fact that the follicle has burst;
There may be aching pain in the lower abdomen and lower back;
swelling and hypersensitivity mammary glands;
The basal temperature overcomes the mark of 37 ° C.

Calculate conception

If you are sure of ovulation or felt this moment, or maybe determined it by any method (basal temperature, ovulation test, ultrasound), then this increases your chances of conception.

Sexual intercourse should take place in auspicious time for conception, namely in the period 3-4 days before ovulation, on the day of ovulation or a day after.

80 out of 100 couples can conceive within six months life together. If your health and the health of your partner are normal, sexual intercourse took place in right time the chance of pregnancy is very high.

Watching the body

On the 6-7th day after conception, the fetal egg is introduced into the uterus, it is during this period that the body begins to change. Implantation of an ovum is similar to inflammatory process, because the body perceives the fetal egg as foreign body. But nature has thought of everything, and even the inflammatory process helps the egg to attach itself.

If a woman takes anti-inflammatory drugs (with the active ingredient ibuprofen, diclofenac, etc.), implantation may be impaired.

Reorganization of hormones and the attack of the immune system "foreign" gestational sac may affect your well-being in the following ways:

signs

An increase in secretions or a change in their consistency. Due to the fact that the production of progesterone increases in the body, due to which the ovum is attached to the uterus, a woman may notice mucous white discharge that resembles egg white. Also, these secretions form a mucous plug that closes the entrance to the uterus and protects the embryo from infections. There is a possibility of a drop of blood or brown discharge on the first or second day of embryo implantation.

If the discharge bothers you, you notice a scarlet, dark, yellow discharge with bad smell- this is an occasion to immediately consult a doctor. If fertilization has occurred, then there may be a threat of interruption, and a specialist will help you save the embryo and fix the problem.

Main features

Discomfort in the lower abdomen. Unpleasant sensations caused by implantation are very similar to aching pain before menses. Sensitivity to a new position in women manifests itself very individually. There may be a feeling of swelling, fullness of the uterus. Some women notice signs of cystitis. A symptom of pregnancy is an increase in the urge to urinate, as well as pain wherein. After fertilization in the uterus, blood circulation increases, which can cause urinary urgency. It is important that there is no blood or cloudiness in the urine.
General malaise. The immune system weakens with the onset of pregnancy. The body throws a lot of energy first to fight the “foreign” fetal egg, then to hormonal changes. You may feel very sluggish, the desire to sleep will be irresistible. Sometimes, this sign of pregnancy is compared to the symptoms of a virus or the onset of a cold. This condition can accompany you up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Change in the state of the mammary glands. The breast can fill up even during the period of ovulation, and if fertilization has taken place, it will continue to swell. An increase in the hormone progesterone in the blood, which is responsible for preparing for gestation, affects the breast, prepares it for the upcoming breastfeeding. The glandular tissue grows, this leads to compression of the neurovascular bundles that transport blood, the breast becomes hypersensitive and painful. The nipples also become painful, and their halo may also increase.
early toxicosis. This symptom is very individual. Toxicosis in pregnant women manifests itself at different times and lasts until the end of the first trimester, at 12 weeks most of the symptoms disappear. Changes in the body affect the woman's receptors. The sense of smell is aggravated, preferences in both smells and food may change. In the morning, or even during the day, nausea may occur. Many women claim that, not yet knowing from pregnancy, they guessed about its onset by a change in tastes. The body tells you what it needs. For example, a strong desire to eat shrimp may be a sign for you that there is a lack of iodine in the body. And if you feel sick immediately after taking the medication, this may be a beacon of the fact that these drugs are now harmful to you.

A few more signs

Pain in the lower back. The lower back can hurt in the same way as before menstruation. This happens because the hormone relaxin is produced, which softens the ligaments. Thanks to relaxin, the pelvis expands, during childbirth it will be easier for the child to exit. If future mom leads a sedentary lifestyle, then back pain will be a wake-up call that you need to get up and move around, thereby ensuring blood flow to the uterus.
Psycho-emotional imbalance. This factor is influenced by increased production female hormones, the brain and the central nervous system are ruled by "wailing" and "sensitive" hormones. Be prepared and take it as early sign pregnancy, excessive sentimentality, a quick transition from a calm mood to an "inflated" mood, fluctuations and fluctuations in mood and desires.
Elevated temperature. Under the influence of the pregnancy hormone - progesterone, the body temperature of pregnant women rises. During the ovulation period, the temperature rises by 0.4 points from normal for you, and after the attachment of the egg, it is in the range of 37-37.2 ° C. In some women, the temperature may be above 37.2 ° C, with normal health, this indicator is also the norm.
Drop in basal body temperature. This sign can be detected by those women who have been measuring basal temperature for more than two months (the temperature immediately after waking up, in the most calm state of the body). Implantation retraction is considered to be a decrease in temperature by 1-3 points during the period of attachment of the fetal egg to the walls of the uterus. After implantation, the basal temperature will be 37.2°C and above.
Increased ESR in the blood. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is calculated from a blood test taken in the morning on an empty stomach. If the expectant mother recently donated blood, and the ESR was within the normal range - this is 2-15 mm / h, and during the period of the alleged implantation of the fetal egg, the ESR in the range of 15-21 mm / h is a symptom of conception. In pregnant women, ESR can increase three times, and this is not a pathology.

All of the above symptoms of pregnancy are indirect, there is no 100% certainty that the egg is fertilized and implanted in the uterus. HCG analysis and ultrasonography- This reliable signs pregnancy. These studies will be discussed next.

hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that begins to be produced after a fertilized egg has implanted in the wall of the uterus. The layer of egg cells - the trophoblast, is fixed with the uterine mucosa - the endometrium. The trophoblast transforms into the chorion - a fleecy membrane, the main component of the future placenta. It is the chorion that connects the bloodstream of the fetus and mother, through which all the necessary substances are transported. Throughout pregnancy, the hairy membrane produces hCG, which helps the fetus develop.

HCG begins to double every day after the implantation of the ovum in the uterus.

Normal hCG indicator in a non-pregnant woman is 0-5 mU / ml. HCG begins to be produced at the moment when the fertilized egg has reached the uterus and is introduced into the mucous membrane, usually this happens on the 7th day after ovulation. The level of hCG on the first day of implantation is in the range of 2-10 mU / ml. The better the fetus attaches to the uterus, the more hCG grows. On the second day after implantation, this hormone should double compared to yesterday and be 3-18mU / ml.

How to donate hCG

The concentration of the hormone is determined in venous blood. The analysis is taken in the morning on an empty stomach, or at any time of the day, but at the same time they refrain from eating for 4-6 hours. HCG is considered the most informative on the 14th day after the alleged conception or ovulation, but already on the 8th-9th day, the test can determine pregnancy. It is recommended to take hCG in dynamics in order to control the development of the fetus, for example, on the 14th day after ovulation and on the 17th-18th day. You can evaluate your results by relying on the table " HCG rise by days after ovulation”, which we cited.

If your hCG is 2 or more times higher than normal on the corresponding day of the cycle, this may indicate multiple pregnancy. If hCG decreases in dynamics, this is a sign that the fetus has developmental problems.

Definition of pregnancy on ultrasound

Gone are the days when it was necessary for an ultrasound to fill the bladder, close the curtains and stare at a monitor with a poor screen resolution for a long time. Look for a modern apparatus and an experienced doctor. Ultrasound can confirm pregnancy at 5 weeks if counted by obstetric term, or 19-21 days after conception. But only after the full 6 obstetric weeks During pregnancy, the doctor can assess the presence of an embryo in the ovum, see the beating heart of the fetus and measure the frequency of beats. Therefore, count 6 weeks from the beginning of the last menstruation and on the 7th go for an ultrasound to ascertain pregnancy.

There are two types of ultrasound sensors:

Transvaginal - inserted into the vagina, more informative in the early stages of pregnancy, they are examined before the 11th week of pregnancy.
Abdominal - the sensor is installed on the front wall of the abdomen, they evaluate the course of pregnancy after 11 weeks.

All studies are carried out on an empty bladder, the patient is lying on the couch.

If at the 7th week of pregnancy there is no heartbeat in the fetal egg, then this indicates anembryony - a pathology of pregnancy in which an embryo has not formed inside the egg. When anembryony is detected, doctors provoke an abortion with medication.

Do you know the first symptoms of pregnancy?
Twenty-five symptoms will be outlined next. pregnancy. All symptoms are divided into three groups according to the degree of reliability: possible (the detection of these symptoms indicates the likelihood of pregnancy), probable e ( which point to a high degree chances of pregnancy), and accurate (the presence of these symptoms makes it impossible to doubt).

Possible pregnancy symptoms

Not onset of menstruation
In case of delayed menstruation, the first reason is always pregnancy. The concept of " delay» can be used when, with a normally constant cycle, bleeding did not occur after the usual period of time.
But similar symptom can talk not only about pregnancy. Delayed menstruation can happen due to:

stressful state
physical surge ( preparation for sports competitions)
ailments
Sudden violation of the schedule of life ( Change of work schedule from day to shift)
The use of certain types of drugs ( primarily steroid)
exhaustion
Errors in calculations
Age suitable for menopause

Uncharacteristic menstruation
Any change in the normal menstrual cycle falls under such a definition: too short, too long, bleeding came too late or vice versa, as well as a change in the nature of bleeding: more abundant or more scarce.
It must be said that such violations are characteristic of a number of diseases. reproductive system, in this regard, the appearance of such symptoms is a reason for consulting a gynecologist.

Unusual sensations
In the early days of pregnancy, many women experience mild pain or uterine cramps. Such pains are similar to pains during menstruation.

Vomiting and nausea
These signs are very often observed during pregnancy. True, usually such signs are found starting from the sixth week of gestation. But sometimes they appear earlier. In such cases, they speak of early gestosis.
The same symptoms can appear with other ailments, for example, diseases of the organs. digestive tract (enterocolitis, gastric or intestinal ulcer, gastritis, enteritis). But with such ailments, vomiting and nausea are usually combined with other signs of indigestion that are not observed during pregnancy.

Change in sex drive
Sexual desire changes due to the fact that a variety of processes take place in the body during pregnancy. Libido can either disappear altogether or become more pronounced. Changes in the physical plane should include an increase in the sensitivity of the mammary glands, which sometimes even causes disgust when touching the nipples ( and sometimes vice versa), urge to vomit, increased blood circulation in the genital area. The processes of change affect both the psyche and work nervous system women, they are affected by pregnancy hormones.

Soreness of the mammary glands
The period of pregnancy is preparatory for breastfeeding. Therefore, a number of processes take place in the mammary glands:

Increased sensitivity up to soreness
Discoloration of the nipples and areola, as well as their swelling
Growth in the size of the mammary glands
When you press on the areola, a drop of colostrum appears.

Similar processes are characteristic of ailments. endocrine system (increased production of the hormone prolactin)

Growth of mammary glands
Despite the fact that this symptom is not considered indispensable, it is observed in most women. If pregnancy has come, then the mammary glands increase in exactly the same way.
If only one gland increases, or some part of it swells, this indicates the presence of diseases.

Frequent urge to urinate
This symptom often pesters women from the shortest terms of gestation. At the same time, very little urine is excreted. A similar symptom develops because the uterus increases in volume, and bladder there is less and less space, so less urine can be collected in it.
A similar symptom is also characteristic of ailments of the urinary system, such as urethritis or cystitis ( in these diseases, the desire to urinate is usually combined with an increase in body temperature, burning during urination, and pain in the groin). Also, a similar symptom can be observed with ailments of the endocrine system ( diabetes mellitus, in which the patient is thirsty all the time and passes a lot of urine).

perversions of taste
The vast majority of people believe that during the period of gestation, all women eat pickles and ice cream without exception. In fact, taste changes can affect completely different food groups. According to scientists, sixty-five percent of women during the period of gestation experience quite strange taste changes. Some even want to eat chalk, raw meat, earth or green fruits.
Usually such perversions of taste do not pose a threat to health, but sometimes women suffer from cravings for completely inedible objects and substances, such as starch or lime.
Taste perversions can be observed with a lack of any trace elements in the body, such as iron. IN such a case this violation is combined with fragility nail plates, hair, dizziness, weakness, pallor of the face.

Fatigue
In the body of a pregnant woman, a lot of serious processes are carried out, which at first may not appear at all. In this regard, the body needs new energy resources. Therefore, during the bearing of the fetus, women quickly get tired and sleep a lot.
This phenomenon cannot be used to determine pregnancy, because lethargy or a decrease in endurance are also observed with a huge number of ailments, and also caused by non-compliance with hygiene at work and rest.

Tubercles of Montgomery
Tubercles of Montgomery- these are small growths ( type of small warts) formed on the areola. Such growths are completely safe for the woman's body, while they often indicate the onset of pregnancy.

Changes in the skin
Due to what happens in the body a large number of various processes, the skin also undergoes changes. This may appear:

Chloasma or pregnant mask - the appearance of age spots on the forehead, cheeks and nose. You should not be afraid, because after the birth of the baby, all spots will disappear on their own over time.
Dark line from navel to pubis . This strip may become noticeable after the twelfth week of gestation.
Acne . This sign is not typical for everyone. There are women in whom, during the period of gestation, on the contrary, the skin becomes clean and well-groomed. But sometimes due to hard work sebaceous glands acne is formed.
Vascular asterisks formed on the legs, neck, arms, chest, cheeks. They are formed due to an increase in the amount of female sex hormones in the body. They look like small spiders and are dark red or bluish in color.
Stretch marks- most often observed starting from the twenty-second week of gestation. The intensity of their formation depends on the number of kilograms gained, genetic predisposition, power systems.
The appearance of red spots on the palms - erythema. Called all the same estrogen.
Other types of changes: increased growth of nails or hair, a change in their quality, increased work of the sweat glands.

Stretch marks
Stretch marks are the result of destruction of the connective tissue of the skin. These are completely painless phenomena, which only in rare cases cause a slight burning sensation. During the period of gestation, as well as after the birth of a baby, stretch marks are observed in sixty to ninety percent of women. Their usual place of formation is the lower abdomen and thighs, but they are sometimes observed on the chest, as well as on upper parts hands
The number and intensity of stretch marks depend on such parameters as:

genetic predisposition - in the event that most women in the family have stretch marks, then there is practically no chance to avoid them.
Rate and intensity of weight gain . If too many kilograms are gained or in too short a period, then the likelihood of stretch marks increases.
Pregnancy with twins or triplets are also a factor predisposing to the formation of stretch marks.
Nutrition specifics . If the menu is sufficiently balanced, there is a lot of fluid in it, then the skin will be more elastic, which means that there will be fewer stretch marks and they will be less intense.

Growth of the uterus
Over time, the fetus increases, which entails an increase in the volume of the uterus, and, consequently, the size of the abdomen.
An increase in the size of the uterus and abdomen is also characteristic of uterine neoplasms.
There are also diseases that only cause an increase in the volume of the abdomen, and the uterus remains of its normal size. This is ascites obesity or hyperplasia internal organs.

wiggling
During the first pregnancy, movements are detected approximately at the twentieth week of gestation. And moms with experience feel movements already at the sixteenth - eighteenth week.
It must be said that as a sign of pregnancy, movements are detected earlier than movements of the anterior wall of the abdomen, which is considered one of the exact signs.

The appearance of colostrum
Colostrum is the first food of a newborn baby. Colostrum contains all the nutrients your baby needs. Most often in recent weeks gestation, a clear liquid appears from the mammary glands, this is the secretion of colostrum.

Possible symptoms of pregnancy

Growth in belly size
The expectant mother, who already has the experience of childbirth, discovers an increase in the size of the abdomen as early as the ninth week. But usually this sign appears after the twelfth or even the sixteenth week of gestation and later. From the twelfth week on palpation, you can find the uterus.

The uterus changes
The shape of the uterus also changes. But a similar sign is found only at the consultation of an obstetrician or during an ultrasound examination.

Braxton Hicks contractions or practice contractions
Braxton-Hicks contractions are short-lived and not at all causing pain phenomena that occur at intervals of ten to twenty minutes and in some cases are observed after the first three months of gestation. Such phenomena are also called training bouts. Not all expectant mothers have such manifestations, and there is an opinion that they are more pronounced during the second and further pregnancies. In a number of women, such contractions manifest themselves in the form of tension in the lower abdomen. These contractions are much weaker, shorter than generic contractions, and the intervals between them are not the same. When the woman takes a horizontal position, the contractions stop. In the case when, with a period not reaching thirty-seven weeks, such phenomena occur frequently, repeating them every ten minutes, this indicates the need to visit a doctor, as it may indicate preterm birth.
The table discusses in detail how labor pains differ from Braxton-Hicks contractions.

If you find one of the above symptoms or several, you should immediately go to the doctor so that the doctor identifies the cause of their appearance.
The definition of pregnancy should be carried out in as soon as possible- this must be done to prevent complications of pregnancy.

Rapid Pregnancy Test Results
A rapid test, which can be bought at any pharmacy, gives objective results five or more days after the first day of the expected menstruation. However, such tests often give erroneous readings ( more often false negative readings). This happens due to the fact that the test reacts to the amount of the hormone chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of a woman. The level of this hormone increases slowly in the first months as pregnancy progresses. In the case when you need to know about the onset ( or not getting pregnant) before five days of delay, you can do a test in the laboratory, it has more objective results.
Increasing quantity chorionic gonadotropin in the urine it also happens with certain neoplasms of the uterus.

The exact symptoms of pregnancy

Fetal palpation
On palpation of the abdomen for more than later dates, you can feel developing baby. Doctors thus check how the fetus is located before childbirth.

Fetal heart rate detection
From the twentieth week of pregnancy, a special stethoscope can be heard through the anterior abdominal wall of the fetal heartbeat. And an electronic stethoscope makes it possible to detect heartbeats as early as the tenth week. Indicators from one hundred twenty to one hundred and sixty cuts per minute are considered normal.

Diagnosis of pregnancy using ultrasound
It is desirable to carry out a similar study from the seventh to the twelfth week. But this method can show the presence of pregnancy from the second week.

Pregnancy detection using X-ray
X-rays are never used to diagnose pregnancy because the mother and developing embryo receive a dose of harmful radiation. But sometimes pregnancy is detected with an x-ray of the internal organs. Then the skeleton of the fetus is visible in the picture.