Medical abortion: drugs, technology, consequences. Menstruation after pharmaceutical abortion. Benefits and possible consequences of pharmacological abortion

Despite the availability of various effective contraceptives on the market, abortion remains one of the main methods of birth control and family planning.

Adverse effects of medical abortion on early dates(bleeding, chronic inflammatory processes, miscarriage of subsequent pregnancies, endometritis, etc.) are very rare.

The pharmacological method, used since 1980 in France and since 1998 in Russia, is the safest and most gentle, compared with traditional curettage, vacuum curettage and vacuum aspiration (mini-abortion).

How does a medical abortion work?

Interrupt unplanned pregnancy pharmacological means is achieved through the use of antiprogestins and prostaglandins.

Antiprogestins are synthetic antiprogestogenic steroids with no hormonal effects. Currently, such proven drugs for medical termination of pregnancy are used, such as Mifepristone and its analogues from different manufacturing companies - Pencrofton, Mifegin, Mifeprex, Mifolian, Postinor. All of them are synthetic means of antiprogestogenic action.

The mechanism of their influence is to bind to receptors that normally perceive and respond to the hormone. corpus luteum ovarian progesterone, which is the main hormone of pregnancy. As a result:

blocking the effects of progesterone;
the concentration of prostaglandins synthesized by the cells of the decidual (falling away) membrane of a fertilized egg increases;
increases the sensitivity of the myometrium to the influence of prostaglandins (prostaglandin E1);
the capillaries of the mother in the decidua are destroyed.

Prostaglandins are produced in the body. They call uterine contractions and strengthen them, which leads to detachment of the shells of the fertilized egg from the uterine wall, to necrosis (dying off) of the latter and its removal from the uterine cavity. This is preceded by softening of the cervix and expansion of its cervical (cervical) canal. However, in most cases they are not able to provide sufficient uterine contractility. Therefore, to enhance the effect of natural prostaglandins, that is, to ensure adequate strength of uterine contractions and cervical opening, their synthetic analogues are additionally used - Misoprostol, Mirolut, Cytotec.

The method of medical abortion and contraindications to it

When a woman determines the presence unwanted pregnancy it is necessary to contact a gynecologist as early as possible due to the fact that the terms of medical termination of pregnancy are limited to 42 days (6 weeks), counting from the first day of the last menstrual cycle.

The patient first receives information from the doctor about the essence of the method of tablet termination of pregnancy, the symptoms and options for its course, possible complications and consequences. After conducting generally accepted examinations and clarifying the gestational age, a woman takes a written consent to an abortion.

The accepted scheme for medical termination of pregnancy is as follows:

In the presence of a doctor, the patient takes Mifepristone or one of its analogues at a dose of 600 mg (3 tablets) and is under the supervision of medical personnel for 1-1.5 hours. This is necessary to prevent the occurrence side effects(nausea, vomiting, allergic reaction, etc.).
After 2 hours, the content of this drug in plasma becomes as high as possible. Within 12 hours after taking it, the tone and contractility of the uterus increase, which after 36-48 hours reach their maximum high level. During this period, a menstrual-like reaction occurs (usually after 24 hours), which may be accompanied by painful sensations in the lower abdomen, dizziness and headache, skin rash, weakness, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, high fever.
On the recommendation of a doctor, pain can be stopped by taking analgesics (Ketanov, Ketarol) and antispasmodic (No-shpa) drugs. It is not recommended to take acetylsalicylic acid preparations, as they can increase the amount of blood loss.
At the second visit to the doctor, which is appointed after 36-48 hours, the woman takes prostaglandin Mirolut inside at a dose of 200 mcg (1 tablet) or 400 mcg (at the discretion of the doctor) in order to enhance uterine contractility. The expulsion of a dead fetal egg with membranes occurs within two hours after taking them or in the coming days, during which there may also be nausea, vomiting, dizziness, cramping pains in the lower abdomen.
After 7 and 14 days (as prescribed by the gynecologist), another visit to the clinic is recommended, during which a second ultrasonography uterine cavity in order to ascertain the fact of a successful abortion. Sometimes blood clots remain in the uterine cavity, which come out on their own or after the appointment of injectable or tablet preparations that enhance its contractions.

Contraindications for medical abortion:

cases hypersensitivity to mifepristone if it has already been used in the past.
Exceeding the gestational age set for medical method.
Pregnancy that occurred against the background of the intrauterine method of contraception or after the abolition of hormonal contraceptive drugs.
Suspicion of an ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy.
Breastfeeding (it should be stopped for 2 weeks).
Acute inflammatory processes or exacerbation of chronic diseases of the female genital organs.
uterine fibroids large sizes, endometriosis.
The presence of a scar on the uterus after caesarean section and malformations of its development (saddle-shaped, bicornuate uterus) are a relative contraindication.
Blood clotting disorders and previous treatment with drugs that reduce clotting.
Chronic adrenal, renal or hepatic insufficiency, severe anemia and blood diseases, bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other severe medical conditions.
Long-term use of glucocorticosteroid drugs.
Age over 35 years in the presence of vascular hypertension, coronary heart disease or in case of consumption of more than 20 cigarettes per day (relative contraindications). Smoking before a specified age in the absence of concomitant diseases does not lead to negative consequences and is not a contraindication.

Benefits and possible consequences of pharmacological abortion

Despite the fact that it is impossible to completely eliminate the negative consequences of medical abortion, the use of antiprogestins in combination with prostaglandins is the most optimal and highly effective method of abortion in the early stages. Its advantages over other methods are:

relatively physiological effect on the body of a woman;
minimal hormonal and psychological stress;
no need for rough instrumental intervention, which significantly reduces the risks of mechanical injuries, subsequent inflammatory and adhesive processes and associated secondary infertility, as well as the risks possible complications associated with anesthesia care;
no danger of introducing the immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C viruses;
a significant reduction in the risk of developing antibodies to the Rh factor in women with Rh negative group blood, the development of Rh-conflict in the fetus during repeated pregnancy.

The main negative consequences include:

Bleeding.
Change in the frequency and duration of menstruation.
Pregnancy.

As a rule, bleeding after medical termination of pregnancy in terms of blood loss is the same as during normal menstruation or slightly exceeds menstrual bleeding (in 85% of cases). But in 10-11% it is abundant with clots, which occurs most often with incomplete detachment of the fetal egg or retention of its parts or blood clots in the uterus. This may require vacuum extraction (removal), instrumental revision followed by curettage of the uterine cavity, hemostatic (hemostatic) therapy, and even transfusion of blood substitutes.

Quite often (in 40% of women) there is a menstrual delay after medical termination of pregnancy, which is explained by a change in the psychological state of the woman and, more importantly, a double hormonal change in the body. It occurs during the fertilization of the egg, and then after the termination of pregnancy.

Recovery menstrual cycles happens to each woman individually. It is impossible and unnecessary to influence this. A new countdown of the first day of menstruation should be carried out from the moment bloody discharge appears during an abortion. The next cycle of menstruation may be delayed by 7-10 days, which is considered normal. Minor delays are possible in the following months, and the duration of the cycles themselves often increases. The process of restoring regular menstruation can last from 2 to 7 months.

If the delay in menstruation exceeds the indicated periods, this may indicate that pregnancy after medical abortion has not been eliminated (occurs in 2-4% of women) or new pregnancy. In these cases, it is necessary to conduct an analysis for the level of blood chorionic gonadotropin human (hCG) and ultrasound examination followed by a visit to the gynecologist to determine the cause of delayed menstruation. If there is no pregnancy, the doctor may recommend the use of hormonal contraceptives to prevent it later.

The effectiveness of the pharmacological method is 98%. Thus, medications used to terminate early pregnancy are completely safe for a woman's body. Subject to all the rules of use, they are usually well tolerated, do not affect hormonal background And metabolic processes, and also allow you to almost completely eliminate the risks of infections and related complications, reduce the severity of psychological stress, which almost always accompanies traditional way. Medical abortion is the method of choice when planning a pregnancy in the future, especially for women who have not yet given birth.

If a woman needs to terminate her pregnancy early, you can use medical abortion which involves taking certain medications. Medicines for this procedure cause the rejection of the embryo and facilitate its exit from the uterine cavity. This method of abortion is simple to perform, does not injure organs, but can be detrimental to women's health.

What is medical abortion

Termination of pregnancy, which is carried out with the help of medication, is called "medical" or "pharmaceutical abortion". The action of the procedure is due to the effect of a special substance - mifepristone, which blocks the production of progesterone. Additionally, drugs with prostaglandin are prescribed, which increase uterine contractions. As a result, the inner layer peels off. female organ along with the fertilized egg. The process in its structure is a miscarriage provoked by artificial means.

Indications

In most cases, medical mini-abortion is carried out at the request of the woman herself, however, there are some medical and social indications for such a procedure:

the presence of HIV infection;
mental illness;
mother's confinement;
oncological diseases;
the presence of a disability in the first child;
syphilis in running form;
genetic pathologies;
pregnancy before the age of 16;
high degree the risk of severe pathologies of the embryo;
diseases that threaten the life of the mother.

Advantages

Any abortion procedure cannot be called absolutely safe, however, a tablet honeybort has several advantages:

during its implementation, surgical instruments are not used, the impact of which can provoke infection;
pharmaceutical abortion avoids mechanical damage organs of a woman;
the procedure is carried out at an early stage, which helps to avoid causing great harm psychological state women;
with medabort anesthesia is not required;
this method of abortion is simple to perform, it involves taking pills in a strictly defined sequence, under the supervision of a doctor.

Preparing for medical abortion

Medical method termination of pregnancy, like other types of abortion, requires training related to the conduct of relevant research:

Ultrasound - with its help, the term of conception is revealed, on the basis of which a decision is made about the possibility of the procedure.
Examination by a gynecologist - will help determine the presence of pathologies of the reproductive organs in a woman.
Implemented laboratory research: a blood test to determine HIV, syphilis, hepatitis, blood group and Rh factor.

How does it go

The medical abortion procedure consists of several stages:

At the first stage, research is carried out and analyzed to determine the duration of pregnancy and the presence of pathologies in a woman.
A qualified specialist prescribes drugs with the active substance mifepristone, setting a certain dose. After taking the pills, the woman should be under the supervision of a doctor for 2 hours. The specialist monitors the patient's condition, fixes complaints, possible bloody issues.
After 1.5-2 days, the patient is required to take prostaglandins, which should be used on the recommendation of a doctor in a certain dosage. At this stage, the ovum is released. This process is characterized by the appearance sharp pains, increased blood flow. The intensity of these manifestations depends on individual characteristics organism.
On final stage the doctor examines again. On the 4th day after the procedure, an ultrasound should be done to confirm that there are no signs of pregnancy inside the uterus. The last ultrasound control will be required in 7-14 days.

Drugs for medical termination of pregnancy

For medical abortion, doctors may prescribe the following drugs:

Pencrofton is a synthetic drug based on mifepristone. The medicine is suitable for nulliparous girls, as it will help to avoid a number of complications.
Mifolian - made in China, used for safe abortion. You can use the pills up to 7 weeks after the intended conception. Its active substance contributes to the destruction of the connection between the fetus and the uterus, causing a miscarriage.
Mifegin is a steroid drug used for pharmaceutical early abortions. The components of the composition of the drug provoke a miscarriage, breaking the connection between the uterus and the embryo.
Mifeprex - effective remedy Russian production intended for medical termination of pregnancy. It should be used for up to 6 weeks. After use, bleeding occurs.

Mifepristone

The substance mifepristone is included in most medical abortion products. A drug of the same name is also produced, which is manufactured in Russia. The active substance contributes to the rejection of the fetal egg from inner surface uterus - endometrium. Preparations containing mifepristone block the synthesis of progesterone, a hormone necessary for normal course pregnancy. To reject fertilized egg excreted faster, doctors prescribe prostaglandins (Misoprostol), which increase the ability of the uterus to contract.

What happens after a medical abortion

The result of a medical abortion can be positive or negative. The first option is to completely cleanse the uterus, the gradual restoration of the body. Experts cannot exclude a negative result, since incomplete cleaning of the woman's reproductive system will be noticeable only after a few days, when a control study is performed. Pregnancy after an abortion that did not end in success cannot be saved, therefore additional procedures are prescribed (vacuum aspiration, curettage) - the fetal egg should not remain inside.

Consequences

One of frequent consequences The medical method of abortion is a violation of the cycle, a delay in menstruation, a change in the timing of ovulation, bleeding may occur. In this regard, experts recommend refraining from sexual intercourse for 2 weeks. The use of reliable contraceptives is allowed, but they are not always effective. If the recovery process takes place quickly, a woman will be able to plan her pregnancy 3 months after the honeybort procedure.

Severe consequences can be observed from the psycho-emotional sphere. Some women get psychologically traumatized. This condition is characterized by the occurrence of neurosis and depression. Similar consequences are rarely recorded, since abortion occurs in the early stages. If you experience uncomfortable emotions and disturbances nervous system, you need to start working with a psychologist in order to overcome your problem and return to normal life.

Contraindications

diseases of the female reproductive organs and gastrointestinal tract, which are inflammatory in nature;
offensive ectopic pregnancy or if it is suspected;
conception when using intrauterine contraceptives;
diagnosis or suspicion of fibroids;
less than 6 weeks pregnant;
violation of the ability of blood to coagulate;
severe or moderate anemia;
allergic reaction on the components of the drug for pharmabort;
adolescence;
hepatic and kidney failure any severity.

Complications

After medical termination of an unwanted pregnancy, the following complications:

uterine bleeding high intensity;
bouts of nausea and vomiting;
pain in the lower abdomen;
general feeling of weakness in the body, dizziness;
an increase in body temperature to a level exceeding 30 degrees;
increased pressure, the appearance of intense headaches;
allergic reaction.

Medical abortion (pharmaceutical abortion) is not a method of birth control, but a serious medical procedure that can lead to various complications. Its essence lies in the fact that a woman at the appointed time must take hormonal pills for medical abortion and provoking the expulsion of the fetal egg from the uterine cavity.

According to WHO, such an abortion is recognized as the most gentle method, but it does not always give a guaranteed result. With an increase in the duration of pregnancy, the effectiveness of the procedure is significantly reduced.

If a woman wishes to terminate a pregnancy, preference is always given to the most effective ways- medication, or (for example, curettage is ideal in the presence of a placental polyp).

Is it possible to have a medical abortion at 7 weeks, the eighth or more later dates? The best option is 14 days after the delay. The reason is that after 6 weeks the fertilized egg is already well enough attached to the wall of the uterus, so the likelihood of its preservation increases. For example, if a medical abortion is done at week 8, then its effectiveness rarely exceeds 88%.

Contraindications and indications

There are no strict indications for medical abortion. The woman herself must decide whether to continue or terminate the pregnancy.

Relative medical indications to its interruption are:

diseases that threaten the full development of the baby;
severe genetic, somatic, infectious diseases;
taking drugs that can cause deformities and disrupt full development fetus.

Social indications:

minor age;
rape;
the absence of a husband;
disability I or II in an existing child;
serving time in prison.

With such a rather serious procedure as abortion, the main contraindications to abortion with medications will be:

allergy to drugs used for abortion;
fibroma or;
severe renal or hepatic insufficiency;
Availability ;
diseases of the blood coagulation system;
anemia;
taking blood thinners;
high arterial pressure and etc.

What is the procedure

In the usual sense, medical termination of pregnancy is not like an abortion: a woman comes to the clinic, takes pills under the guidance of a doctor, and then she simply begins to have heavy “menses”, during which the fetal egg is expelled along with the blood.

Preparation

At the first appointment, the gynecologist explains to the woman all the contraindications, risks, possible complications and how medical abortion is done in general terms, as well as what to expect after it.

Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics

Before taking this step and deciding on a medical, vacuum or other type of abortion, a woman must go through enough a large number of research:

General (clinical) blood test , urine, (human chorionic gonadotropin), the level of which in the early stages is evidence of pregnancy. An analysis for syphilis (RW) is also given, an ECG is done.
ultrasound . During an ultrasound examination, the presence of a fetal egg in the uterus is confirmed, ectopic pregnancy, as well as tumor formations of the uterus and ovaries, are excluded.
Inspection by narrow-profile specialists . Their consultation is necessary if a woman has any serious illness. It may also be necessary to adjust the intake of medications regularly used by the patient so that medications for medication interruption developing pregnancy, proved to be effective.
Checking the blood coagulation system . For this, a coagulogram is usually prescribed, because if the blood does not clot well, then a strong one can occur.

Direct preparation for abortion

If no contraindications were found during the medical examination and laboratory diagnostic examination, the doctor gives the following recommendations:

For a week, exclude alcohol, smoking, taking anticoagulants and some other drugs.
On the day of taking the first dose of the drug, food should be easily digestible.
For the entire period of the abortion (3-6 days), care should be taken that someone, in case of a deterioration in the condition of the woman, takes care of her and maintains household to myself.

How is a medical abortion performed?

How is a medical abortion done in a private or public clinic?

The procedure takes place in 3 stages:

In the doctor's office.
At home.
Control visit to the doctor.

In the doctor's office, a woman who decides to have an abortion by medical means takes 3 tablets of mifepristone (600 mg) in the presence of a gynecologist, and then remains under his supervision for 2 hours.

Usually, before the patient is allowed to go home, the doctor dispenses prostaglandin-containing misoprostol tablets, leaves her his contact information, and schedules her next clinic visit. This is done because he needs to observe how a woman has an abortion, whether medications have desired action whether possible complications develop.

At home, after 1.5-2 days, the patient takes 2 tablets of misoprostol (400 mcg), which increases the contraction of the muscles of the uterus. During the termination of pregnancy, some women experience severe pain. In this case, you should use medications to relieve pain.

How many days can a medical abortion last? On average, up to 6-7 days. It is at this time that blood loss is most significant, and the discharge is plentiful.

The control examination is scheduled for 3 and 7-14 days. If, according to the ultrasound and hCG analysis, the pregnancy is preserved, vacuum aspiration or classic curettage is done.

What to do after a medical abortion

If a woman who has recently given birth has had a medical abortion, how many weeks can she not breastfeed? According to most experts, one should refrain from breastfeeding for 2 weeks because drugs used in medical abortion penetrate into breast milk, and their effect on the baby's body has not been studied.

In general, the following recommendations should be followed:

Avoid heavy physical activity lifting weights during bleeding.
The first month after the transferred medical abortion, in case of menstruation, use only pads and temporarily abandon tampons and menstrual caps.
During the entire period of vaginal discharge, you should not take a bath, go to the pool, etc.
Until how many weeks is sexual rest shown? Sex after medical abortion should be postponed for 3 weeks - 1 month. After interruption, a new pregnancy can occur immediately with the resumption of sexual activity. Therefore, it is important to use .

How to behave reproductive system after a medical termination of pregnancy has been made, it is impossible to predict: during the next menstruation, the chest and lower abdomen hurt more than usual, while others lengthen menstruation, etc.

In general, cycle changes are rarely observed, and if the abortion went without complications, then the pattern of blood discharge during menstruation after it is the same as it was before medical abortion.

Complications

Although medabortion is considered the least dangerous procedure, it can lead to a number of complications:

Missed abortion . This state occurs if the procedure is performed for a period of more than 6 weeks, as well as when taking medications that reduce the effectiveness of mifepristone.
incomplete abortion . In this case, fragments of the fetal egg remain inside the uterus, which can lead to various negative consequences, including death. suspect incomplete abortion it is possible with a sudden cessation of bleeding, when a fragment of the ovum clogs the cervical canal, as well as with a sharp increase in discharge during the termination of pregnancy with the help of medications.
Crash in hormonal system . Pregnancy is a hormonal change in the body. Therefore, even in the early stages, its interruption causes a failure of this system, which can be perceived by the body as stressful condition. For example, as a result of this, after an abortion performed with the help of medications, the chest may hurt, menstruation may be disturbed, or chronic diseases may worsen.
Complications associated with taking drugs . After taking drugs during medical abortion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, the temperature rises, general weakness sets in, sensations of hot flashes. Dizziness, a sharp drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness, allergic reactions are also possible.
Uterine bleeding . Profuse bleeding can lead to significant blood loss up to loss of consciousness. Therefore, if bleeding at home during medical abortion increases and exceeds the expected amount of blood released, you should immediately contact your doctor.

Can a placental polyp occur after a honeybort? Unfortunately, yes, if all the particles of the ovum have not been removed.

How to avoid complications

To avoid complications, including the appearance of a placental polyp and copious excretion blood, on the eve of termination of pregnancy by medication, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination. At the same time, there is no need to hide the facts of the use of any drugs, the presence of a placental polyp after a previously performed medical abortion, as well as serious illnesses which may be a contraindication to the procedure.

The decision to terminate a pregnancy with medication or any other method should be weighed, taking into account all the pros and cons, and not made on the basis of emotions. It is also important to take into account the possible psychological consequences.

Pros and cons of medical abortion

Obvious advantages compared to other types of abortion:

minimal trauma to the walls of the uterus;
abortion can be performed already from the first or second day of delayed menstruation;
fast state recovery;
at early terms - 95% efficiency.

Possible disadvantages of the procedure:

high risk of bleeding;
preservation of pregnancy in 5-22% of cases (depending on the duration of pregnancy);
a large number of contraindications.

What is better for a placental polyp: medical abortion or curettage? IN this case scraping, because during this procedure it will be removed.

Medical termination of pregnancy is not a method of birth control - there are methods of contraception for this. However, in the event of some circumstances as a result of which a woman decides to have an abortion, this method will be the most gentle. To minimize the risk of possible complications, it is necessary to undergo an examination and follow all the doctor's recommendations.

I like!

The news of the upcoming pregnancy does not delight all ladies. There are many reasons for this, from unplanned conception to poor health. To get rid of an unwanted pregnancy, today there are several ways. The safest drug is considered. This method rules out major surgery. It is better tolerated both physically and psychologically. In our article, we will talk about how medical abortion occurs. You will also be provided with information about possible contraindications and consequences. pharmacological abortion.

Description of the procedure

Medical or pharmacological abortion is a procedure aimed at terminating an unwanted pregnancy without serious surgical intervention. It is carried out with the help of certain drugs. Their action is based on blocking the production of progesterone. This hormone is produced in the body of a woman and is responsible for maintaining pregnancy. After taking the pill, a spontaneous miscarriage occurs.

Medical abortion, drugs for this procedure and its implementation - all these issues have been discussed by doctors for a long time. However, only since the end of the last century has it become possible to carry out pharmacological abortion effectively and relatively safely for a woman's health. Experts from France have developed the drug Mifepristone, which belongs to the group of antiprogestins. In the early 1980s, large-scale studies of this drug as an abortion drug were launched in Geneva. A few years later, in France, they began to put it into practice.

Numerous medical studies show that women prefer pharmacological abortion for a number of reasons. First, there is the fear surgical intervention. Secondly, this method allows you to hide an unwanted pregnancy from relatives and friends.

Advantages of pharmacological abortion over surgical

Medical termination of pregnancy, the timing of which is described below, has a number of significant advantages. We have already mentioned some of them earlier. For what other positive points worth paying attention?

No need to take painkillers.
Fast recovery period.
The probability of damage to the uterine cavity, the development of adhesive processes or other gynecological complications is excluded.
Medical abortion resembles heavy periods, so psychologically a woman perceives it as a natural process.
There is no need to go to the hospital.
The risk of infection with viral diseases (AIDS or hepatitis) is excluded.

To find out all the nuances of how medical abortion occurs, it is better to consult a gynecologist. The specialist will answer your questions and give useful recommendations.

Permissible terms

Pharmacological abortion can be carried out up to the 6th week of pregnancy, counting from the first day of the last menstruation. The effectiveness of the procedure increases markedly when used in the early stages. Otherwise, other interruption techniques (eg, vacuum aspiration or surgery) may be required.

What drugs are used?

Medicines for the procedure are selected by the doctor. At the same time, it must take into account individual characteristics female body. The drugs used today can be divided into two conditional groups. The first includes "Postinor" and "Escapel". They are used for emergency contraception.

"Postinor" is available in the form of tablets. Its active ingredient is levonorgestrel. Once in the body, it causes certain changes in the endometrium, preventing the process of egg implantation. On the other hand, levonorgestrel suppresses ovulation. According to the instructions, "Postinor" must be drunk immediately after unprotected sexual contact has taken place. First you need to take one pill, and after 12 hours - the second. During the first few hours, its effectiveness is 95%. Within a day, this figure drops to 58%.

"Escapel" has a similar effect, but contains a large dose of levonorgestrel. Therefore, taking the medication is limited to one tablet. This difference between the two means and limited. They have the same effect on the ovulation and fertilization processes.

The second group of drugs includes "Mifepristone" and "Pencrofton". Their use is justified in case of pregnancy, the period of which does not exceed 6 weeks. They are used after implantation of a fertilized egg. Therefore, before prescribing these drugs, it is necessary to conduct a number of clinical studies.

The active ingredient is mifepristone. Its penetration into the body blocks the activity of progesterone, significantly increasing the contractility of the myometrium. As a result of these processes, the cervix begins to expand, expelling the fetal egg. Below we will consider how medical abortion occurs using the last group of medicines. "Mifepristone" and "Pencrofton" are used for this procedure most often.

Possible contraindications

There are a number of circumstances in which medical abortion should not be performed. Reviews of gynecologists warn that it is better to refuse the procedure in the following cases:

gynecological diseases of an inflammatory nature;
uterine fibroids;
long-term treatment with glucocorticoids;
blood clotting disorder;
lactation period;
ectopic first pregnancy.

Medical abortion is not recommended for women over 35 years of age. The drugs used may cause abrupt change hormonal background.

Preparation for the procedure

Pharmacological abortion is a serious procedure that must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. After the appearance of signs of an unwanted pregnancy, you should contact a gynecologist for a preliminary examination. The doctor performs an ultrasound to determine estimated time conception. After that, the woman must give written consent to medical termination of pregnancy.

Preparations for the procedure are selected by the gynecologist. Before an abortion, a pregnant woman must also pass several tests, including a swab for flora. If cardiovascular disease is suspected, a cardiogram may be required. After that, the doctor sets the date of the abortion. Before this, it is better to give up heavy food, alcohol and smoking 24 hours in advance.

Stages of pharmacological abortion

After receiving the results of the analyzes, you can proceed directly to the procedure itself. How is a medical abortion performed?

In the absence of obvious contraindications, the doctor gives the woman a drink of the drug. As a rule, these are 3 pills of 200 mg each. The next visit to the gynecologist is recommended after 36 hours. At this stage, the fetus is expelled from the uterus. For this purpose, a woman is given prostaglandins, they must be instructed about the possible consequences. Sometimes she is asked to stay in the clinic for a day to monitor changes in her condition. A woman can be allowed to go home, provided that she adheres to the recommendations of a specialist, and if discomfort contact him immediately.

The first control ultrasound is performed 3 days after taking the drugs. If the remains of the fetus are visualized in the uterine cavity, the doctor decides how to proceed. The second control ultrasound is scheduled in 2 weeks. If necessary, the gynecologist gives direction to the analysis of the level of hCG.

Recovery period

Recovery after the procedure lasts about a month. At this time, you need special attention relate to health and wellness. Fever, pain in the lower abdomen, spotting after medical termination of pregnancy - all these symptoms should be the reason for a visit to the doctor.

After a pharmacological abortion, a woman's body undergoes serious changes. The hormonal background is restored, the reproductive sphere is rebuilt, immunity decreases, and the risk of developing inflammation increases. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of yourself, give the body time to normalize the work of the main systems.

Within 14 days after the abortion, you should refuse to visit the bathhouse, have sexual intercourse, play sports and use tampons. If you follow these tips, you can hope for a successful recovery of the body.

Bleeding after an abortion - normal or pathological?

Negative consequences of medical termination of pregnancy are extremely rare, but they are still possible. One of them is bleeding.

The appearance of blood clots after taking the first pill is considered normal. For 5 days, discharge is usually worn exuberant nature. After this period, they become more scarce, and then completely stop. For some women, spotting continues until the first menstrual period.

Their nature depends solely on the individual characteristics of the organism. At first they may be scarlet in color, then dark and brownish in the end. It is necessary to control bleeding after medical termination of pregnancy, to monitor their volume. It is considered pathological to use more than two pads per hour.

In the presence of heavy bleeding or with its abrupt cessation, you should immediately contact a gynecologist. If this is not possible, it is necessary to call a team of medical workers.

Complications of medical abortion

Pharmacological abortion is considered relatively safe procedure but it is not without its shortcomings. After taking medications, side effects may occur, including:

Pain discomfort. In this case, everything depends on the characteristics of the organism, the threshold of its sensitivity. Before the procedure, the doctor should talk about possible painful sensations. To eliminate them, antispasmodics and analgesics are usually prescribed. It is not recommended to take medications on your own, you need to consult a doctor.
Nausea and vomiting. Pregnancy itself can be accompanied by such symptoms. Sometimes nausea and vomiting are caused by prostaglandins prescribed by a gynecologist. These side effects are rare, but they go away on their own.
Temperature increase. The consequences of medical termination of pregnancy of this nature are caused by taking medications. As a rule, the temperature rises to 38 degrees and lasts no more than 4 hours. If unpleasant symptom does not disappear, most likely, it is a consequence inflammatory process. You should tell your doctor about the change in well-being, who will already prescribe the appropriate therapy.
Diarrhea. This is a short-term side effect that does not require specific treatment.
Hematometer. This disorder is characterized by the accumulation of blood clots in the uterine cavity. Its development is preceded by a spasm of the neck of the reproductive organ. You can eliminate the violation with the help of medicines.

These pathologies rarely accompany medical abortion. Reviews of women who have passed this procedure, confirm this assertion. Pharmacological abortion leaves almost no noticeable consequences if done in qualified specialist and in the absence of contraindications.

Service cost

Where is medical abortion performed? This question worries many women. Almost everyone provides this service. medical institutions. It is recommended to seek her help in the hospital where your attending gynecologist works.

The final cost of the procedure may vary depending on the drugs used, the prestige of the clinic and the qualifications of the specialist. A certain role in this matter belongs to the woman's stay in the hospital after the gynecologist performs a medical abortion. The price of the service in this case can be from 7 to 11 thousand rubles.

Despite the huge choice of contraceptives, the problem of unplanned pregnancy is extremely relevant today. Few from modern families actually planning the birth of a child. It is for this reason that the abortion service is constantly in demand.

What is a medical abortion?

The newest way to terminate a pregnancy is medication, or, as it is also called, pharmabort. It is performed in a non-surgical way, which has earned its recognition and popularity. However this species abortion has its own peculiarity - it can be carried out only in the early stages, up to six weeks of pregnancy.

Medical abortion: how it works. Basic moments

Due to the presence of contraindications to the procedure and the possibility of life-threatening, medical abortion is possible only under the strict supervision of a physician. It will help assess the condition of the woman and the absence of contraindications, moreover, when buying medicinal product You will be asked for a prescription from your doctor.

Passes under the influence medical medicine, which stimulates the process of rejection of the embryo and the cleansing of the uterine cavity.

General contraindications

The procedure has its own characteristics and contraindications, in the presence of which any type of abortion is excluded, including medical abortion. How the pregnancy goes, the woman's well-being and other features - everything should be taken into account. The procedure is excluded in such cases:

At acute form infectious disease.
In the presence of an inflammatory process in the body, including in the intimate area.
When diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy.

If one of the above contraindications is present, it is impossible, and pathological process subject to treatment. Otherwise, the risk of complications greatly increases.

Contraindications for medical abortion

There are some contraindications for this type of abortion:

Intolerance to the substances that make up the drug. In such a situation, the doctor will be able to advise another remedy that is right for you.
Having problems with the kidneys and liver.
Serious heart and vascular diseases.
Anemia.
Breastfeeding, as substances are absorbed into the bloodstream and pass into breast milk.
In a situation where long time protection was provided by oral contraceptives, and their intake was stopped immediately before the onset of pregnancy.
Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis, gastroduodenitis, ulcer).
The presence of a scar on the uterus.

Preparing for an abortion procedure

To successfully complete the procedure, a woman needs to contact her doctor and strictly follow his requirements and advice. At the first appointment, the doctor will tell the woman how a medical abortion works. The patient will need to try to establish the exact date conception, undergo an ultrasound examination to exclude an ectopic pregnancy, and also pass a series of tests.

The patient must report all chronic diseases to prevent the risk of complications.

A day or two before the abortion, you should exclude alcohol and refrain from smoking. Women who smoke more than ten cigarettes a day should remember that the action medicinal product they will be reduced.

What is this procedure?

It is carried out in a hospital in several stages.

The patient is given to take two tablets of the drug, after which the woman remains under the supervision of the medical staff in the hospital for a certain period of time (from two to four hours). How a medical abortion goes, should be assessed by a doctor. In the absence of side effects, drug rejection (vomiting) and complications, the patient goes home the same day. Medicine("Mifepristone") promotes termination of pregnancy. It prepares the uterus for the expulsion of the embryo. It softens, the tone increases, a process occurs, as before the onset of menstruation.
After two days, the client returns to the clinic for the next stage. She is on another type of drug (misoprostol) that helps her body get rid of the fetus. The patient is under the supervision of medical staff for at least two hours from the start of the procedure (medical abortion). How the process goes should be assessed by a specialist. After the examination, the patient can go home. At this stage, the fetus is expelled, which may be accompanied by bleeding and pain.