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Thyroid stimulating hormone elevated pregnancy what. The effect of the hormone on the fetus. Why TSH levels rise - possible causes and main symptoms

The thyroid gland is one of the most important organs participating in metabolic processes in all cells of the body. It is the hormones of this gland - T4 and T3 - that help a woman cope with such a serious task - to bear a healthy child.

The work of the thyroid gland is directly affected by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Tropic hormones are produced there, which stimulate the activity of all endocrine organs. One of them is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The content of the TSH hormone during pregnancy is one of the main tests that women take.

T3 and T4 hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) of the thyroid gland (TG) have a direct effect on all types of metabolism:

  • Carbohydrate.
  • Fatty.
  • Protein.
  • Mineral.

There is a hypothalamic-pituitary system that regulates the work of all endocrine organs. The regulation is based on the principle feedback". That is, when there is a lot of some hormone in the blood, statins are produced by the hypothalamus, which inhibit the secretory activity of the gland. When hormones become scarce, liberins are produced, which act on the pituitary gland. The latter, in turn, produces tropic hormones that increase the production of a particular hormone. The secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone.

As noted above, pregnancy is a condition characterized by various hormonal disorders. Because of this, the level of the hormone TSH during pregnancy plays an important role.

In some cases, there is a violation of the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. As a result of this, either an increased content of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the body, or a reduced one is observed.

As a result, the following pathologies are distinguished:

  • The state of hyperthyroidism, in which the concentration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the body increases.
  • A state of hypothyroidism in which the reverse occurs.
  • The state of thyrotoxicosis, in which there is an active production of thyroid hormones by the gland. These hormones have a toxic effect on human tissues and organs.
  • The state of normal concentration of thyroid hormones, the so-called euthyroidism.

When to donate blood for TSH?

During pregnancy, the level of a hormone such as TSH must be constantly monitored. To do this, you need to do tests for the content of thyroid-stimulating hormone. It is especially important to carry out control before the onset. This is due to the fact that until the tenth week the thyroid gland of the baby is not able to function independently, and, accordingly, cannot produce its own hormones - thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Therefore, the mother's hormones act as a substitute. If any pathological conditions are observed in a woman, they are most likely to affect the health of the child.

If you notice any deviations in your health and suspect it is the thyroid gland, immediately contact a medical institution for highly qualified help. If you have previously been observed for thyroid diseases, then the need to control the concentration of TSH increases several times.

The test for TSH is a blood test. When and how to take the analysis?

Analysis of TSH when planning pregnancy or when taking TSH during pregnancy involves the following requirements:

  • Stop smoking in a few days, and it is better to stop smoking altogether.
  • For a short period of time, exclude all kinds of physical activity.
  • An analysis for the level of thyroid-stimulating hormones is performed on an empty stomach. Therefore, you should not eat for eight hours before the test.
  • In order to trace the dynamics of changes in the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the body, blood is taken at the same time of day.

Norm of indicators

To differentiate pathological conditions, it is necessary to know the normal concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone. The norm of TSH during pregnancy is divided into several levels: the upper limit and the lower one.

Upper bound

The upper norm of the hormone TSH of the thyroid gland fluctuates around 2-2.5 μIU / l. Regardless of the trimester of pregnancy, whether it is, or, your TSH should be less than these numerical values. The same applies to the level of TSH at - it should be below 2.5 μIU / l.

Bottom line

The lower limit of TSH should be at least 0.5 μIU / l. However, very low numerical values ​​in the analysis of TSH do not always tell us about the pathology. It is also low in absolutely healthy women. The decrease in the concentration of TSH is due to hormonal changes in the body of a pregnant woman.

What should be the indicators?

It was this numerical range that was approved World Organization Health. According to statistics, with such figures in the analysis, the least development of anomalies in the fetus and pathological courses of pregnancy was observed. However, not only thyroid-stimulating hormone affects the development of the fetus.

Other factors, other hormones, are also involved in maintaining pregnancy. That's why, TSH indicators, which are within the normal range, do not always indicate proper development baby. The same thing with a concentration exceeding the norm - this is not yet an indicator of the pathological development of the child. You should not panic ahead of time. The best way out is to go to a doctor who will advise you and prescribe the necessary course of treatment. In no case should you listen to one doctor offering. Go to another specialist. Most likely, the use of abortion will be erroneous with slightly higher or lagging results of the TSH analysis.

Do TSH readings change with trimester or week changes?

There is a certain range of normal concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood. This indicator does not tend to change, regardless of which trimester or week is observed. The content of hormones strictly individually changes every minute. If these fluctuations are within normal limits, then you should not worry in vain. You should not look for some tables, graphs with a weekly schedule of TSH concentration. This will confuse and upset you even more if you observe deviations from normal values.

Abnormal symptoms

Any process in the body associated with a deviation from the normal digital value of any indicator manifests itself with its characteristic symptoms. The same goes for thyroid hormones.

Symptoms can be conditionally divided into:

  • In hypothyroidism, TSH is low.
  • In hyperthyroidism, TSH is elevated.

TSH elevated

With the onset of pregnancy, the frequency of cases of an increase in TSH in the blood often increases. High TSH during pregnancy suggests that thyroid unable to function normally and produce enough hormones.

In the event that TSH is early dates 2-2.5 times higher than normal, doctors diagnose hyperthyroidism. In this case, the woman is prescribed replacement therapy in the form of the use of a synthetic analogue of thyroxine - L-thyroxine.

It is possible to suspect such a disease by detecting some characteristic symptoms hyperthyroidism:

  • The onset of rapid fatigue, fatigue, lethargy.
  • The appearance of night insomnia and daytime sleepiness are sleep disorders typical of hyperthyroidism.
  • Pale coloration of the skin.
  • Decrease in body temperature below 36 degrees Celsius.
  • Appetite disorders.
  • Uncontrolled weight gain.
  • Apathy, inability to concentrate, lack of attention.
  • Mental disorders, excessive irritability.
  • Neck thickening characteristic of hyperthyroidism is an increase in thickness.

Some of the above symptoms may also speak of. But it is better to play it safe and contact a medical institution for advice and an appointment for an analysis for the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood.

TSH lowered

Often there are cases when the level of the hormone is lowered than normal. Very low TSH during pregnancy - the concentration of the hormone close to zero. Such a state is possible at .

Symptoms characteristic of a state when TSH is below normal:

  • Tachycardia occurs - an increase in cardiac output, an increase in heart rate.
  • Increased blood pressure, often above 160 mm. rt. Art.
  • The occurrence of unbearable headaches.
  • An increase in body temperature above 37.5 degrees Celsius.
  • The appearance of increased appetite.
  • The presence of mental disorders. Observed hyperexcitability, convulsions, trembling, neuralgia, emotional imbalance.

What is the danger of a deviation in the level of the hormone from the norm?

Changed from the norm TSH level during pregnancy is a rather dangerous signal. At the beginning of the article, it was said that until the 10th week, the baby is not able to independently secrete thyroid hormones. It is completely dependent on the endocrine apparatus of the mother. Therefore, deviations in the maternal thyroid tend to reflect on the health of the child. In this case, irreversible disorders in the development of the fetal organs will develop.

If in the 1st trimester normal rate TSH, and in the following trimesters it increased, then the risk of developing fetal pathology is minimal, but the risk of incorrect pregnancy and childbirth is much higher. Should be restored quickly increased rate to normal values.

If the level of thyroxine and triiodothyronine are within the normal range, but an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone is observed, then the risk of anomalies in the development of the child is extremely low. If this happens, then, most likely, other reasons that do not depend on the functioning of the thyroid gland will be to blame.

Which doctor should I contact to find out the level of TSH during pregnancy?

To take an analysis for the level of TSH, you should contact medical institution to an endocrinologist. He will conduct an introductory conversation with you, collect an anamnesis - the information necessary for a more complete and accurate compilation clinical picture. After that, the specialist may prescribe a TSH test, according to the results of which treatment will be selected.

As a rule, it consists in the use of L-thyroxine replacement therapy with an increased content of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

As mentioned earlier, the concentration of hormones can fluctuate during the day, week, trimester. Because of this, the repeated delivery of the analysis is carried out for a long time.

What to do if the level is elevated?

With an increase in the level of TSH, L-thyroxine is prescribed, which replaces the thyroid gland's own thyroxine, thereby performing its main function - participation in all types of energy metabolism.

At reduced level On the contrary, thyreostatics are prescribed, which inhibit the secretion of thyroid hormones. Treatment is carried out only by an endocrinologist.

Prevention

As you know, the disease is easier to prevent than to cure. Only you can prevent the development of a disease. In the case of the thyroid gland, prevention will consist in constant monitoring of the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood.

This is achieved by analyzing the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Subsequently, you can adjust the values ​​by accepting medications- thyreostatins or synthetic analogues. Remember: the more often you visit a medical facility, the lower the chance of developing an unforeseen pathology. If you need healthy body both yours and your child, then follow this advice.

Summing up, I would like to note that it is possible to carry out procedures for testing the level of TSH in any medical institution located in your locality. It can be a district hospital, a polyclinic, a republican hospital, or any private clinic.

It is only necessary to have a functioning laboratory in which blood is taken. The procedure for determining TSH is not expensive, so you can contact private clinics, where the results will be ready in a few hours. This will save you time.

It is worth noting the importance preventive measures. Timely detection of pathology can save your pregnancy and ensure a good flow of the birth period.

Useful video about TSH during pregnancy

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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It regulates the functioning of the thyroid gland and indirectly affects the condition reproductive system. An increase in TSH indicates the development of hypothyroidism. Insufficient production of thyroid hormones threatens infertility and miscarriage.

Indications for testing for TSH

In the obstetric environment, there is no consensus on who needs to take a blood test for thyroid-stimulating hormone. Some experts suggest that all pregnant women be examined, regardless of the initial function of the thyroid gland and the presence of complaints. Other doctors point out that mass screening is inappropriate, and advise taking a blood test only if risk factors are present.

Indications for assessing the state of the thyroid gland:

  • infertility associated with anovulation;
  • spontaneous miscarriages or premature birth in past;
  • stillbirth;
  • thyroid disease before pregnancy;
  • endocrine pathology that can affect the state of the thyroid gland (obesity, diabetes mellitus);
  • threatened miscarriage.

It is recommended to take a blood test for TSH for a period of 6-12 weeks (preferably at 9 weeks). During this period, it is possible to track transient changes in the level of the hormone, identify deviations and prevent the development of complications. Women from the group high risk screening is carried out at the first visit to the doctor.

The concentration of TSH is measured in combination with other hormones: T4 and T3. They regulate the functioning of the thyroid gland and change with fluctuations in the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

TSH norm

Normal TSH values ​​​​are 0.4-4 mU / l. This indicator is guided only when planning pregnancy. After the conception of a child, transient hyperthyroidism develops. The activity of the thyroid gland increases, and the concentration of the hormone falls.

There is no generally accepted norm for TSH during pregnancy. Practicing endocrinologists suggest focusing on the following indicators:

  • I trimester - 0.1-2.5 mU / l.
  • II trimester - 0.2-3 mU / l.
  • III trimester - 0.2-3 mU / l.

TSH is considered high at levels greater than 2.5 mU/L before 14 weeks and greater than 3 mU/L after 14 weeks.

Reasons for an increase in TSH

An increase in the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone may be associated with such conditions:

  • Diseases of the thyroid gland. An increase in TSH suggests that the concentration of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) is reduced, and there is hypothyroidism.
  • Pathology of the pituitary gland. Excessive secretion of the hormone is observed in tumors.
  • Diseases of others internal organs. Some lung and breast tumors can secrete TSH.
  • Pathology of the adrenal glands. With the insufficiency of this organ, the hormonal background changes, and the production of TSH increases.
  • Preeclampsia and eclampsia are a consequence of severe preeclampsia. Against the background of these complications, the functioning of the thyroid gland is disrupted, and the concentration of TSH increases.
  • Severe infectious and somatic diseases. An increase in TSH is associated with transient hypothyroidism.
  • Lead poisoning.

The exact cause of the increase in TSH can be established after the examination.

Hypothyroidism as the cause of an increase in TSH

Hypothyroidism is the main cause of the rise in thyroid-stimulating hormone during pregnancy. The manifest form of pathology is detected in 0.5% of women, subclinical - in 3% of cases.

Causes of hypothyroidism during pregnancy:

  • iodine deficiency (important for residents of iodine-deficient regions);
  • malnutrition and/or strict diets;
  • autoimmune damage to the thyroid gland;
  • condition after thyroid surgery.

Hypothyroidism during gestation is difficult to diagnose. In many women, the disease is asymptomatic and is detected only during a laboratory examination. Often the manifestations of pathology are ignored. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are similar to those of a normal pregnancy:

  • unmotivated weakness, fatigue, increased fatigue;
  • drowsiness;
  • memory loss;
  • weight gain;
  • paresthesia: numbness of the extremities, a feeling of crawling;
  • decreased mood up to depression;
  • pain in the region of the heart;
  • lowering blood pressure;
  • shortness of breath and poor tolerance physical activity;
  • swelling of the face and limbs;
  • increased bleeding;
  • dry skin;
  • fragility of nails;
  • hair loss;
  • epigastric pain;
  • nausea;
  • constipation;
  • chilliness;
  • decreased libido.

Such symptoms are disguised as toxicosis, gestosis, arterial hypotension and other conditions characteristic of pregnancy.

Diagnosis of hypothyroidism in pregnant women can be based on the level of hormones in the blood. To assess the state of the thyroid gland, you need to know the concentration of TSH and T4. Depending on the level of hormones, the following conditions are distinguished:

  • subclinical hypothyroidism. TSH is elevated from 2.5 to 10 mU/l, T4 is normal.
  • obvious hypothyroidism. TSH above 2.5 mU/l with reduced T4 / TSH above 10 mU/l at any concentration of T4.

Hypothyroidism negatively affects a woman's reproductive health. It prevents the full maturation of the follicles and leads to infertility. During pregnancy, hypothyroidism causes the development of complications:

  • spontaneous miscarriage;
  • premature birth;
  • placental insufficiency;
  • chronic fetal hypoxia;
  • antenatal fetal death;
  • congenital hypothyroidism.

Insufficient production of thyroid hormones leads to a delay in fetal development and causes mental retardation. The risk is higher with hypothyroidism in early pregnancy.

Tactics with the growth of TSH during pregnancy

An increase in the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone is a reason for an additional examination:

  • thyroid hormones - T4 and T3;
  • antibodies to thyroperoxidase;
  • complete blood count: against the background of high TSH, anemia is observed;
  • biochemical blood test: increased levels of cholesterol, creatinine, liver enzymes;
  • determination of other pituitary hormones: FSH, LH, prolactin;
  • Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;
  • Ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity: an increase in the liver, pathology of the gallbladder is detected;
  • puncture of the thyroid gland (according to indications);

TSH levels are monitored every month throughout pregnancy. After delivery, a blood test is scheduled every 6-8 weeks. After adjusting the dosage of the drugs taken, a control study is carried out 1-2 times a year.

With the growth of TSH, a consultation with an endocrinologist is indicated. Confirmed hypothyroidism is a reason for prescribing hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine. The dosage of the drug is selected taking into account the severity of the woman's condition. The goal of treatment is to maintain the level of TSH within the normal range, taking into account the duration of pregnancy.

If hypothyroidism was detected before pregnancy, the woman remains under the supervision of an endocrinologist. Before the conception of a child, the dosage of levothyroxine changes (the level of TSH should be below 2.5 mU / l). At a period of 4-8 weeks, the dose of the hormone is again adjusted. Exceeding the dosage can be up to 50% of the original.

After the birth of a child, an adjustment in the dose of levothyroxine is required. In most cases, the dosage of the drug is reduced. If the treatment regimen does not change, thyrotoxicosis develops against the background of excessive hormone intake. IN postpartum period therapy is supervised by an endocrinologist.

With hypothyroidism associated with iodine deficiency, iodine-containing drugs are prescribed - 200 mcg per day. According to modern recommendations, iodine intake is indicated for all women living in regions with a deficiency of this element. When planning a pregnancy, you need to start drinking iodine-containing drugs 3 months before conception. This tactic reduces the risk of developing congenital hypothyroidism and its complications.



Optimal thyroid function during pregnancy is very important. The hormones produced by this organ are necessary for full development and baby growth. If TSH becomes elevated, then the mother and her child may experience various pathologies.

What does this mean?

The thyroid gland is an organ that synthesizes a huge variety of different hormonal substances. In order for the balance of their formation to be steadily observed, another important component is needed - thyroid-stimulating hormone. It is produced in one of the structures of the brain, which is called the pituitary gland.

Thyroid-stimulating hormones, which are produced by the thyroid gland, doctors consider T3 and T4. They provide a range of various activities to many internal organs of the body. Thyroid-stimulating hormones can affect the functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous systems, and many others.

In order for them to form, the body must give a special signal, which is the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH into the blood.



The balance of thyroid-stimulating hormones in pregnant women is very important. Any changes in their concentration in the blood will cause the expectant mother to experience very unfavorable symptoms. In the fetus, such conditions can contribute to development and formation of anomalies and some defects prenatal development.

Maintaining an optimal balance of hormones when planning a pregnancy is very important. Physicians are trying to create female body such a state that the concentrations of T3, T4 and TSH remain within the normal range. In this case, you don’t have to worry about the healthy course of pregnancy due to the state of the thyroid gland.

However, there are quite a few different situations when the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood becomes high. A variety of factors and reasons lead to their development. In this case required timely diagnosis and the choice of optimal tactics for correcting the violations that have arisen to prevent the development of pathologies that are dangerous for the expectant mother and her baby.

Norms

During the bearing of the baby, the concentration of thyroid hormone in the blood changes somewhat. This condition is largely due to the altered hormonal background. During pregnancy, the concentration of prolactin, hCG and other hormones increases, which affect the concentration of TSH in the female body.

IN different trimesters Pregnancy norms of thyroid hormone in the blood are different. This feature is due active growth and development of the baby in the mother's tummy.

In the early stages of bearing a baby, the level of TSH in the blood is usually minimal. Then it starts to gradually increase.


In the very first months of pregnancy, the concentration of thyroid hormone in the blood should be 3 mIU/ml. The average level of TSH during the remaining periods is from 0.2 to 4 mIU / ml. Raise this indicator requires mandatory additional diagnostics and establishing the cause that influenced the development of this pathology


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Symptoms

Quite often, it is very difficult to suspect a change in the concentration of TSH in the blood without special laboratory tests. Only with already expressed violations in a woman appear specific clinical signs.

Usually she has a significant increase in body weight. This change is not at all due to the accumulation of excess fat in the body. development given state contributes to severe swelling, which manifests itself with an increase in TSH in the blood. Swells, literally, the whole body.



Herbs that have a calming effect on the nervous system are perfect as sedatives. Drinking tea with chamomile or lemon balm will help the expectant mother calm down and improve her mood.

Prevention of various disorders in the thyroid gland is very important. To do this, doctors may recommend various drugs containing iodine in their composition. "Jodomarin" is one such tool.

Quite often, puffiness appears on the face and legs. Skin become loose, lose their elasticity. is changing and appearance women. She looks constantly tired, even in the morning after waking up.


Very specific feature this state - mood disorder. The woman becomes very apathetic. Even her favorite activities do not cause the usual delight.

With the increase of this state, she develops tearfulness and increased nervousness. Many women may unconsciously avoid social contacts and try to communicate less with friends and relatives.

Quite often it happens that the husband of a pregnant woman notices a change in behavior.


The critical stage of mood disturbance is the development of depression. Usually a woman feels constant anxiety and oppression. This may encourage her to start using medicinal herbs with a sedative effect. Usually, such treatment does not bring any positive effect to the expectant mother, thereby further increasing the depressed mood and apathy.

Violation of mental activity- Another one feature an increase in TSH in the blood and a decrease in the level of thyroid hormones. It becomes quite difficult for a pregnant woman to concentrate even on simple things. She becomes more forgetful.

Attention becomes distracted. Many women with these disorders may frequently check to see if they have closed front door, or suffer in doubt - whether the iron is turned off.



Given pathological condition contributes to sleep disturbance. This is manifested, as a rule, by the development of persistent insomnia. It becomes difficult for the expectant mother to fall asleep. She may wake up several times during the night or have nightmares. In the daytime, on the contrary, a woman experiences severe exhausting drowsiness.

TSH and thyroid hormones greatly affect performance gastrointestinal tract. An increase in thyroid hormone in the blood contributes to the fact that the expectant mother begins to form persistent constipation. It is important to note that even despite the use of laxatives, lasting effect from their use it is extremely difficult to achieve.



Another symptom that begins to torment future mother during pregnancy is severe persistent nausea. Some women may change their appetite. Reviews of many mothers suffering from this pathology during pregnancy indicate that they are experiencing a change in their taste habits.

The expectant mother begins to complain to her doctor that her hair began to fall out badly and became dry to the touch. The skin becomes pale. Hands and feet may be cold. The woman begins to feel constant chilliness.

Consequences for the child

A high level of TSH in the blood is dangerous for the baby. This situation can lead to a violation of the course of intrauterine development of the fetus. Ultimately, this contributes to the development of physical and mental disorders the baby in the future after childbirth.

An increase in TSH with normal level T4 is a more favorable situation. In this case the risk of negative signs in the baby is minimal. In such a situation, it is only necessary to monitor this condition and determine the concentration of thyroid hormones several times during pregnancy.



How to reduce?

An increase in TSH in the blood with a decrease in thyroid hormones T3 and T4 is an indication for a mandatory visit to an endocrinologist. This specialist can prescribe additional diagnostics, which is required to identify the cause that led to the development of this pathology. In some cases, an additional ultrasound of the thyroid gland is prescribed for this.

Severe hypothyroidism - indication for appointment drug treatment. Many of medicines assigned for long-term treatment. They are usually taken before delivery. After that, additional diagnostics are carried out. If a woman continues to have such a pathology, then in this case reception medicines continues.


It is unstable and changeable, therefore it is very important to ensure that their number is within the normal range: only this will make it possible to endure healthy baby and prevent the development of pathologies in both the mother and the child. Doctors pay special attention to controlling the level of TSH during pregnancy, known as thyrotropin, which regulates the activity of the thyroid gland and is responsible for the production of iodine-containing hormones.

TSH is produced by the pituitary gland, which, together with the hypothalamus, is one of the structures of the brain, and controls endocrine systems oh, that regulates the activity of internal organs through hormones. When donating blood, it is precisely by the indicators of thyroid-stimulating hormone that the doctor determines whether the pregnancy is proceeding normally and whether there are hormonal disruptions in the body that can cause serious harm to the health of the baby.

The main task of TSH in the human body is to regulate the amount of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones produced by the thyroid gland, which are taken Active participation in metabolism, the development of the body, affect the physical and mental activity of a person. Also, the state of the cardiovascular, nervous, digestive systems largely depends on them.

The interaction of the hormones T4 and T3 with the pituitary gland occurs as follows: when the thyroid gland reduces the synthesis of iodine-containing hormones, the hypothalamus, before their number is below normal, gives a signal to the pituitary gland to increase the activity of the thyroid gland.

In response, the pituitary gland increases the production of TSH, and the thyrotropin secreted by it begins to actively interact with the thyroid gland receptors, increasing its activity. If the thyroid gland, on the contrary, produces T3 and T4 in too large quantities to lower their levels, the pituitary gland reduces the synthesis of TSH.

The level of the hormone THT is very unstable and fluctuates throughout the day in a rather large range. It is considered normal if the tests for a woman who is not expecting a baby are in the range from 0.3 to 4.2 μU / ml. The TSH rate during pregnancy is much lower:

  • first trimester - 0.1 - 0.4 μMd / ml;
  • second trimester - 0.3 - 2.8 μMd / ml;
  • third trimester - 0.4 - 3.5 mEmd / ml.

Such low rates are explained by the fact that the embryo immediately after formation begins to produce hCG hormone, which is responsible for normal development baby during pregnancy. This hormone blocks the processes that are responsible for menstrual cycle, increases the production of hormones necessary to maintain pregnancy.

At the same time, it also affects the mother's thyroid gland, taking iodine-containing hormones T4 and T3 from the blood. The body, in order to make up for their deficiency, lowers the production of thyrotropin, and the thyroid gland increases synthesis by one and a half to two times. Over time, the baby develops its own thyroid gland, and it no longer needs to take the hormones T4 and T3 from the mother, and after a while it stabilizes.

In case of any abnormalities in the body of the mother or fetus, the TSH levels during pregnancy may be higher or lower than the permissible norms. Therefore, it is very important to control the level of the hormone in order to start treatment in time and prevent the development of pathology in the baby.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that a slight deviation from the norm does not always mean failures in hormonal system, and may be related to individual characteristics mother. Therefore, if the tests showed that TSH is only slightly below normal, you should not worry. If the discrepancy is significant, you need to sound the alarm.

The situation is especially dangerous if the problem is associated with too low production of T4 and T3: this can provoke the development serious pathologies in a baby, up to cretinism. At the same time, it is important to rely on good doctor and follow his advice.

Elevated TSH

If the level of TSH during pregnancy in the first trimester is 2.5-3 times higher than normal, this indicates the development of hypothyroidism, when the thyroid gland reduces its activity and stops synthesizing hormones in the right amount. Also, during pregnancy, it can signal about, about a malignant or benign tumor of the pituitary gland, or thyroid gland. IN last trimester is evidence of a severe form of preeclampsia (toxicosis).

It is necessary to reduce high TSH during pregnancy. This is especially important in the first trimester, otherwise the baby will not receive the thyroid hormones necessary for its development, which will lead to early miscarriage or to the appearance of a child various pathologies that will affect not only the physical, but also mental development and will be the cause of cretinism. About what could be elevated TSH during pregnancy, the following symptoms signal:

  • feeling of tiredness and fatigue;
  • excessive pallor;
  • low temperature;
  • poor appetite with too much increasing weight;
  • insomnia;
  • decreased reaction, inattention;
  • swelling, thickening of the neck.

Since these symptoms are very similar to the usual manifestations of pregnancy, they can be very easily ignored and not reversed. special attention. To avoid problems in the future, if similar signs, it is better to play it safe and donate blood for hormones.

If the tests confirmed violations in the body, it will be necessary to do additional tests and studies so that the doctor can make a diagnosis and draw up correct scheme treatment. At the same time, one must be prepared for the fact that drugs, including hormonal preparations, will need to be taken throughout pregnancy.

Low hormone levels

If the amount of thyrotropin is only slightly below normal, you should not worry. For example, TSH during pregnancy below acceptable levels in the first trimester often signals the likelihood of having twins.

But if the test data is close to zero, this may signal a high probability of a miscarriage in the first trimester or possible problems with the development of the baby. The fact that the body produces thyrotropin is much lower than normal, even before the results of the tests are obtained, can be suspected by the following symptoms:

  • too high blood pressure;
  • migraine;
  • increased heartbeat;
  • body temperature is stable around the mark of 37 °;
  • hand trembling;
  • increased irritability;
  • instead of gaining weight, a woman loses weight.

Low TSH during pregnancy often indicates hyperthyroidism, when the thyroid gland produces T4 and T3 much more than a pregnant woman needs. Among the reasons why, doctors also call nervous tension, stress, development of a benign tumor, .

Whatever the reason, this not only leads to a deterioration in the health of a pregnant woman, but also adversely affects the development of the baby and in the formation of his nervous system. To avoid such problems, taking into account the results of the tests, the doctor prescribes taking drugs aimed at suppressing the synthesis of thyroid hormones T4 and T3.

You also need to follow special diet aimed at during pregnancy and reducing the production of T4 and T3. Diet in this case provides for an increase in protein foods, restriction of fats, carbohydrates, salt and fatty foods. Also, nutritionists recommend dishes with buckwheat, beets, lettuce, spinach, sea kale to stabilize TSH.

Therapy and prevention

To avoid similar troubles, when planning a pregnancy, doctors recommend taking an analysis for hormones and, if a problem is found, take up treatment in order to put the hormonal background in order. The best option would be if the TSH indicators in this case fluctuate in the range of 2 μIU / ml.

When carrying a baby, you can not ignore the doctor's recommendations and refuse to take iodomarin and other iodine-containing drugs, since very often it is the lack of iodine that is the main reason for the deviation of the thyrotropin level from the norm. Also, do not avoid hormonal drugs, the action of which is aimed at stabilizing the hormonal background.

In order for the doctor to be able to control the process, it is necessary to take all the tests prescribed by him in a timely manner. In no case should you engage in self-treatment: this can cause irreversible consequences in the body, lead to a miscarriage or the development of pathology in the baby.

In addition to taking the drugs prescribed by the doctor and the diet agreed with him, in order to lead, a good rest is required, moderate physical exercise, walking on fresh air. You also need to limit your stay in stuffy rooms.

While waiting for replenishment, mothers should regularly undergo various examinations, one of them is a blood test for hormonal concentration. The most discussed and frightening topic in pregnant women is currently high level TSH. And the point is not only that there is a tendency to increase this hormone in women in position, doctors talk about the terrible consequences for a child whose mother has an increased level of TSH during pregnancy.

What kind of hormone is this, for what reasons it rises, what consequences for children can lead to its excess, and other issues will be discussed further.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is an extremely important unit of the hormone. It is synthesized by the part of the brain - the pituitary gland, this hormone is responsible for the regulation of thyroid function. He takes an irreplaceable and important part in the synthesis of T3 and T4. Since the production of these hormones is possible only when exposed to TSH, at the moment when their concentration in the blood exceeds allowable rate, TSH synthesis is inhibited.

All hormones have connections with each other, and only in conditions of normal hormonal balance does the body function clearly. TSH, T3 and T4 ensure the correct functioning of the heart, blood vessels, reproductive, nervous and endocrine systems, digestive tract and psyche.

How to take an analysis?

In order for the results of laboratory tests to be reliable, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:

  1. A couple of days before the test, it is desirable to reduce all physical activity.
  2. Eliminate smoking.
  3. Blood sampling is performed in the morning on an empty stomach, in addition, evening dinner should be no later than 9 hours before the examination.
  4. If the analysis showed an increase or decrease in the hormone, it is necessary to trace the dynamics, for this it is necessary to donate blood several more times, and this must be done at the same time.

Why does TSH rise during pregnancy?

The TSH hormone in the expectant mother is under the control of the hypothalamus, it is in it that specific hormones are synthesized, which, acting on the pituitary gland, stimulate the production of TSH there. TSH changes constantly during pregnancy - it depends not only on the health of the woman and the child, but also on the duration of pregnancy. Very often in pregnant women in the first months this hormone is reduced, and in some cases even completely suppressed.

Most low level TSH in a pregnant woman is recorded at the end of the first three months, then there is a gradual increase in TSH. It happens that the low level of the hormone persists until the very birth.

But in most cases, during pregnancy, there is a high TSH, and sometimes it can significantly exceed the norm. At the same time, you should not panic - this is not a pathology and does not pose any threat to the baby. But if TSH is very high during pregnancy, this may pose a risk to the child - in this case, the pregnancy is more difficult, but this is not a reason to interrupt it. It must be remembered that the concentration of the hormone in a woman carrying a child not only can, but must change with an increase in the period.

There are several reasons for an increase in hormonal levels:

  • depressive state;
  • hypothyroidism;
  • too intense physical activity;
  • smoking;
  • tumor processes in the pituitary gland;
  • taking certain medications;
  • chronic diseases;
  • heavy metal poisoning and so on.

There is also physiological causes, which provokes pregnancy, with increased TSH there is no need to worry - in most cases this is a normal and temporary phenomenon. After fertilization, hCG begins to be produced in the body of the future mother, it pushes the thyroid gland to work in an enhanced mode so that it produces thyroid hormones not only for the mother's body, but also for the fetus, this phenomenon reduces the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone. But then, after about 18 weeks, the effect of hCG decreases, and the thyroid gland begins to work normally, respectively, TSH begins to gradually increase.

How dangerous is an increase in TSH during pregnancy?

What does it mean to increase the level of TSH in a future mother? If TSH is elevated during pregnancy, then the woman may have had problems with the functionality of the thyroid gland before conception; perhaps such shifts occur due to hormonal changes in the body; maybe a woman is experiencing severe stress or great physical exertion.

Given all of the above, deviations in the concentration of this hormone are not always dangerous. But, in order to exclude negative consequences during pregnancy, you need to be vigilant and visit an endocrinologist in a timely manner, take necessary tests and listen very carefully to the slightest changes in the body.

What is dangerous elevated TSH during pregnancy? The cause for alarm should be an excess of the norm by more than 2.5 times. With such a high TSH, hypothyroidism develops, and a woman needs to take medication analogues of thyroid hormones, since in this case the consequences for the child can be serious - a deviation in mental development.

Symptoms indicating an increase in TSH

If TSH is elevated, then a woman may experience the following symptoms:

  • weakness and apathy;
  • decline in physical activity;
  • fast fatiguability;
  • not attentiveness;
  • poor appetite;
  • decrease in temperature indicators;
  • malaise.

Of course, such symptoms occur in every pregnant woman, especially on initial terms, and many of them are attributed to a change in the general hormonal background, without even thinking about the need to pass thiotropic hormone for analysis.

However, there are specific symptoms that manifest themselves with a significant deviation of the hormone level from the norm, they are an alarming bell:

  1. Seal in the neck - this is due to an increase in the thyroid gland in size.
  2. Significant weight gain - in the first trimester future mom normally gains only a few kilograms. If the weight of a woman has increased by 6 or more kilograms, this is an alarming signal.

Regulations

During pregnancy, it is very important to constantly monitor TSH and free T4. If the concentration of these hormones has noticeably increased or decreased, an urgent consultation with an endocrinologist is necessary:

  1. In the first trimester, TSH fluctuations from 0.1 to 0.5 units are acceptable;
  2. In the second trimester - from 0.3 to 2.8 units;
  3. In the third trimester - from 0.3 to 2.8 units.

TSH and pregnancy planning

If there is a connection between thyroxine and other hormones and conception? Every mother wants to give birth to a healthy baby, and this very often depends on pregnancy planning. During this period, a woman must take a large number of tests, and thyroid-stimulating hormone is among the mandatory ones.

TSH when planning pregnancy may indicate possible problems with a deficiency or excess of the hormone and explain why a woman cannot become pregnant (if relevant). If TSH is overestimated or low, then a woman may have metabolic disorders in the ovaries, in which case endocrine infertility is most often diagnosed. If pregnancy does occur, it almost always ends spontaneous interruption at the initial time. Therefore, pregnancy planning is very important period which must be approached with all responsibility.