Proper breastfeeding of a newborn. How to properly organize breastfeeding: the duration of feeding. Food and other needs

Most mothers try breastfeeding while in the hospital. It is advisable to give the baby a breast in the first 60 minutes after birth. Experienced midwives help to attach the baby, talk about the features of feeding. If you didn’t immediately figure out how to properly feed a newborn breast milk, there is nothing wrong with that. master breast-feeding can be done with simple tips.

Before putting a newborn to the breast for the first time, you need to find a position in which you can spend half an hour without discomfort. You have 3 options:

sitting;
standing;
lying on your side.

Most women for the first feeding choose a lying position, since after childbirth to be for a long time V vertical position almost impossible. Before full recovery it is necessary to feed the child, lying on his side, in order to protect himself from discomfort. If you chose this option, then check out how to properly apply a newborn for feeding while lying on your side:

Release your chest on the side you are lying on.
Lay the baby with his stomach towards you so that his head is against his chest.
Bring the nipple to the baby's mouth, he will immediately try to take it. When sucking, the entire areola should be in the baby's mouth, which means that its capture is done correctly.

The sitting position is comfortable. This position allows mothers to breastfeed two babies at the same time. In the hospital, this position can be uncomfortable, since on the bed you will have to keep your hands on weight, and there will be no support for the back. If you have a spacious chair at home, then feed the baby while sitting in it, placing your hands on the armrest.

Sitting, two babies can be fed at the same time, placing them on a special pillow in the “out of hand” position.

The standing pose is rarely used, as it puts too much stress on the spine and arms. It is used only by women who, after natural childbirth put stitches on the perineum. They need to lean on the table to reduce the load on the spine and legs. At the first opportunity, the position is changed. It is also recommended when the baby does not properly latch onto the breast while lying on a bed that is too soft or uncomfortable.

Provides a rush of milk Gentle massage of the mammary gland in a circular motion.

Breastfeeding experts offer some tips on how to properly breastfeed your baby:

place it on its side facing you;
the chin and cheeks should be pressed to the chest, and there must be free space between the gland and the nose;
bring the nipple to the newborn - he will take it himself;
should be missing pulling sensations(their appearance means that the baby is too low);
if there is a nipple without an areola in the newborn's mouth, immediately release the breast (gently press the little finger on the corner of the baby's mouth, straighten the breast and offer it to the newborn again).

Evaluate the result: if the baby has enough air, and he correctly grabbed the nipple, leave it until he is full. The first seconds of breastfeeding can cause a new mother to discomfort associated with the fact that the skin on the nipples is not yet coarsened enough. Until this happens, the woman will be in pain at the moment of catching the nipple. The application is done correctly if there is no discomfort. When feeding, only swallowing of the baby should be heard.

Learn how to properly latch your baby to the breast beforehand, as mistakes in this process can lead to:

the capture of a crumb of air;
colic in a baby;
the appearance of cracks in the nipples;
milk duct injury.

If you feel pain during the entire feeding session, then the cause is often an incorrect grip on the areola. The baby's lips should be located on its edge.

During one feeding, do not give a second breast. Ideally, each time you need to offer the crumbs a different mammary gland. If you follow this rule, then the baby is guaranteed to eat the fore and hind milk, which will allow him to eat fully and balanced, get a full set of vitamins, useful trace elements.

There is an exception to the rule of using one breast per application. They can be neglected if there is not enough milk produced.

How to understand that the baby is full?

In addition to knowing how to properly attach a baby to the breast, mothers need to get information about the signs of satiety crumbs. After all, it is very easy to overfeed a baby, for whom every feeding session is an opportunity to feel the protection and support of the mother.

The baby is full if he:

behaves calmly;
cheerful after the completion of the process;
gaining sufficient weight according to WHO standards;
independently released the chest;
after feeding, falls asleep soundly or moves on to active activities.

If the newborn is often naughty, worried, crying, then before giving him both breasts for one feeding, it is necessary to control weighing. It is held once a week. If at the end of the seven-day period the weight of the child has become higher, it is necessary to look for another reason for crying.

Signs of overeating are:

regurgitation after feeding;
rapid weight gain in excess of established norms;
increased gas formation, leading to colic and abdominal pain.

Regurgitation can be a sign of a neurological disorder, so it is important to monitor the child's health and visit doctors in a timely manner. If your pediatrician notices signs of overeating in your baby, release the nipple 15-20 minutes after the start of feeding. When overeating, do not try to reduce lactation, this often leads to its complete loss.

Baby feeding time

The question of the time of each meal cannot be solved unambiguously. The duration of one feeding session depends on individual features child. Some babies eat actively and quickly, so they only need 10 minutes to saturate. Other kids enjoy the process for a long time, they need more than 40 minutes. In the first month of life, you should not interrupt feeding on your own. Gradually, the newborn will adjust the duration of sucking.

Experts consider a feeding session lasting up to 30 minutes to be correct. It can last longer if the baby is premature or weakened. If the baby fell asleep with a breast in his mouth, then you just need to release the nipple and transfer it to the crib. For newborns, sleep after feeding is considered the norm.

If you are interested in the total duration of the GW, then it is selected individually. It is worth stopping feeding after a year. After the first 6 months of life, you can gradually replace feeding with complementary foods, which will prepare the baby's digestive system for normal food intake, and the mother will gradually reduce lactation.

It is important not only to know how to breastfeed, but also to learn how to respect the time intervals. Doctors recommend applying crumbs by the hour, but it is best to do this on demand. Breaks can be from 15 minutes to 2 hours, and during a night's sleep, the interval increases. If the baby is calm, the chest does not require, then after 3-4 hours it is worth offering him a refreshment on his own. Don't wake the baby up to breastfeed him. A well-fed baby will not sleep peacefully, he will demand food on his own.

What can't be done?

Just because you know how to breastfeed your baby doesn't mean you don't have other questions. The process of breastfeeding is very complicated, and young mothers often make mistakes that negatively affect the lactation process.

Another mistake is frequent weighing. If the baby is slowly gaining weight, then the mother begins to give him an artificial mixture. It acts as an additional nutrition or completely replaces natural nutrition. Find out the child's body weight no more than 4 times a month, then you will be able to objectively assess the changes.

Solving difficult situations

Before you properly attach the baby to the breast, you need to prepare for possible problems with lactation.

Small inverted nipples usually change their shape by childbirth. If this does not happen, then you can change the position for feeding, stretch yourself flat nipple apply silicone pads. Many believe that a small tight chest can become an obstacle. This is not a problem: it is enough to express for 1-2 weeks so that the baby can get his own food. The mammary glands during lactation can increase by 1-2 sizes - just a couple of weeks after childbirth, small breasts will change, it will be convenient to feed them.

Before childbirth, you should not solve the problem with excessively tight breasts and improper nipple anatomy, since touching the breasts can trigger the production of the hormone oxytocin.

Cracks are not a reason to refuse natural feeding. Use until they heal silicone pads for feeding, and between applications, make applications with Bepanthen ointment, and take air baths. Make sure that the medicinal composition does not get into the child's mouth. Sometimes, in order to get rid of cracks, you need to learn again how to properly breastfeed, since improper capture of the areola leads to nipple injuries.

In the first 3 months after the start of lactation, every young mother is faced with the problem of arbitrary leakage of milk. Any woman will not like to walk around with milk stains on clothes in the chest area, so use special disposable pads that fit into a bra.

From engorgement of the mammary glands can save more frequent application baby to the breast or pumping. Take Before Feeding warm shower do a light massage. From folk remedies, you can use cabbage leaf compresses. After feeding, apply a cold compress to relieve swelling.

Lactation crises do not mean that it is time to finish feeding the crumbs. There is less milk, but this situation can be overcome: drink tea with cumin and fennel, eat right, and rest. During the first year of a baby's life, you will experience crises at least 3 times.

Mothers often self-program themselves for failure. It should be understood that feeding is a natural process that is available to every woman after childbirth. Do not neglect it, even if you want to quickly restore the figure. Losing weight can be combined with feeding crumbs. Do not use diets: the diet of a nursing mother should be complete. From it it is necessary to exclude only sweets, products with chemical dyes and those that can cause allergic reaction The child has. If you are used to making a menu for yourself, keep in mind that its calorie content should slightly exceed the norm for adult women. The diet must include fruits, vegetables, meat and fish.

Every mother wants to see her child healthy and from the first days of his life begins to give him everything he needs. It is breast milk that has useful substances and trace elements necessary for growth and strengthening child's body.

However, in addition to the feeding process itself, other factors are important - proper care at the breast, ease of position, pumping, the need for supplementary feeding, etc.

Find out all the nuances from our article: how to properly feed a newborn baby, the rules for feeding with breast milk and formula, nutritional features with mixed feeding, how often and after what period of time to feed the baby (schedule and rate of food intake for the baby).

natural feeding

In the first year, breast milk is a vital food for an infant. In order for this period to bring only joy to the baby and mother, you should know about the basic rules of feeding.

What determines the amount of milk a mother has

The amount of milk can be affected by:

transferred stresses;
insufficient sleep;
mother's dietary habits;
insufficient physical activity;
fatigue
hereditary predisposition;
lack of rest.

Breast size does not affect the amount of milk. Neither the shape of the nipple nor the type of milk matters.

Read on our website! Let's talk about the manufacturer and the composition of the product, how it differs from other infant formulas.

Breastfeeding rules and breast care

When feeding, there is only one rule - feeding should be carried out in private room where there is no one but mother and baby.

It does not matter what position will be taken during feeding - sitting, lying, standing; the main thing is complete relaxation and comfort.

Separately, you need to talk about pumping and breast massage. These procedures should be carried out in the first 3-4 weeks after childbirth. Then the flow of milk is normalized.

Before expressing and massaging, hands and breasts should be washed with soap and water. Alcohol-based products should not be used.

Normal baby soap- excellent antiseptic. It is also necessary to ensure that the detergent does not remain on the chest after washing procedures.

It is not recommended to use soap before each feeding.. The tool is able to remove the fatty film that protects the mammary glands from external influences.

That's why wash your breasts only once a day. If necessary, warm running water is sufficient.

The massage itself is not difficult.. However, make sure that the glands are of the same density. When seals are detected, massage is carried out in this area more intensively.

The chest is supported by one hand from below. The second, with the help of 4 fingers, you need to massage the mammary gland in a circular motion, starting from the ribs and moving towards the nipple. The hand that supports the chest from below should not be inactive - the technique is similar.

At the site of compaction, movements do not increase, only the duration of the massage increases.

Pumping - milestone for a nursing mother. If left unattended, an excess amount of milk will lead to the development of mastitis.

So, only two fingers should be involved in pumping - index and thumb. It is important to press not on the nipple, but on the tissue of the gland. by the most effective method pumping - using a breast pump.

The many difficulties associated with breastfeeding consist in the appearance of cracks and abrasions on the nipples. These phenomena occur due to:

child's activity;
characteristics of the mother's skin;
insufficient hygiene.

Preventive measures must be followed. This includes:

the nipple after feeding should always be dry (for this, it is blotted with sterile gauze);
cleanliness of the chest;
a nursing mother should not wear underwear containing synthetics - only cotton;
the child should capture the areola (halo), and not the nipple;
if a crack is found, treatment is started immediately;
mother's nails should be short (so as not to be scratched during pumping);
do not keep the baby near the chest for more than 20 minutes;
you can not bring the baby to such a degree of hunger that he pounces on the chest;
perform massage and pumping;
Keep your chest open as much as possible.

For the treatment of abrasions and cracks, vitamin A is used on an oily basis (sold in pharmacies), Bepanten, sea buckthorn oil, special aerosols(no antibiotic content).

In case of suppuration, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Catering by the hour or on demand

After how many hours should a newborn baby be breastfed?

Two options are being considered breastfeeding – feeding by the hour and on demand. Both options are equally relevant and acceptable.

Feeding by the hour is carried out strictly in certain time every 3 hours. At night there is a break - 6 hours.

This mode lasts up to 2 months. Then the interval between feedings increases to 3.5 hours, and at night - up to 7 hours.

The advantage of the method is teaching the child to discipline from the early childhood. Otherwise, this method is a radical choice on the part of the mother, since not all children agree with the regimen.

Feeding on demand is the most popular choice among modern parents.

After birth, the child experiences severe stress, and the only effective method get rid of him - bodily contact with mom. That's why it is so important to put the baby to the breast when he wants it. After all, sucking is not only the process of getting food, but also an effective method of calming the baby.

This method is a highly effective means of maintaining lactation.

However frequent feeding won't let mom do household chores, therefore, the baby should not be applied to the chest at the first signs of anxiety, smacking lips, grunting, sniffing, but when the baby really needs food - 1 time in 2 hours with a 20-minute feeding duration.

A few words about the breastfeeding regimen and how to properly feed a newborn baby with breast milk, Dr. Komarovsky will tell:

Which option to choose

Basic rule - healthy child he knows when he needs food. You should not wake him up just because, according to his mother, it is time for him to eat. Exceptions are such cases:

if the mother needs to leave urgently;
children who are underweight.

The optimal interval between feedings in children under 1 month is 2-3 hours. Further, the baby himself will gradually increase it as he grows and develops.

An important condition is attachment to only one breast during one feeding. This rule is irrelevant if the baby has not eaten enough or the mother has cracks on the nipples.

Make sure that the baby performs swallowing movements during attachment, and not sucking. If you don’t stop his desire to “hang” on his mother’s chest in time, then in the future it will be hard enough to wean him from his favorite thing.

Bottle feeding baby

Bottle feeding a baby is different from breastfeeding maternal breast. In the latter case, he himself determines the volume of milk and the duration of the meal. Due to this, milk production adapts to the needs of the baby. and changes as it grows.

Breastfeeding a baby if the mother is not around can be done in different ways. This situation is justified due to the inability of the mother to put the baby to the breast (severe pain, urgent departure, etc.).

Then it is allowed to feed from a bottle with a nipple. Today, this method is in demand for artificial and mixed feeding or in case the mother is not around.

Nipple advantage- the safest and most natural process of eating food.

However, sucking from the bottle and from the mother's breast have significant differences. In the first case, the baby makes less effort. Therefore, after meeting with the bottle, many babies refuse their mother's breasts.

The alternative is the choice of a special nipple.

When the bottle is tilted, no milk drops should come out of the nipple.
When pressing on a wide area of the nipple, a trickle should go.

Remember to take care of your bottle. It is necessary to regularly rinse and rinse children's containers with boiling water.

Expressed breast milk can be frozen. This will save all the vitamins and useful trace elements, and the newborn will not remain hungry if the mother has left on business. Mixing milk after several pumpings is not recommended. The frozen liquid is stored no more than 2 months.

What to do if there is no lactation

What to feed a newborn baby if there is no milk? Often in medical practice there are cases when a mother does not have enough milk for good nutrition baby. Additional measures agreed with the doctor can correct the situation..

Mom should drink at least 2 liters of water per day.
Apply crumbs in the first days of his life should be as often as possible.
Do not replace mother's milk other liquids.
Night application is the main condition for good lactation.
Proper nutrition for the mother is also important.

10-15 minutes before feeding, the mother needs to drink a glass of warm sweet tea with milk or dried fruit compote.

No stress and worries: with emotional disorders in women, lactation worsens.

Why not grapes while breastfeeding? You will find answers to questions about the nutrition of nursing mothers.

Introduction of formula into the infant's diet

If, despite all the efforts of the mother, there is still enough milk, then, willy-nilly, you will have to use extra food- Go to mixed feeding. In the case of a complete transfer to milk formulas, we can talk about artificial nutrition.

What to give

The baby should receive food that is as close as possible in composition to breast milk. These products are mixtures. All mixtures are divided into 3 groups:

partially adapted (children after a year);
less adapted (after 6 months);
maximally adapted (up to 6 months).

The best will be the mixture, on the packaging of which it is indicated:"Designed to feed children from birth to 1 year."

Don't change often baby food, since the baby may develop unpleasant reactions in the form of diarrhea, frequent regurgitation, allergic rashes, etc.

It is necessary to switch to another mixture in case of:

if the baby is not gaining weight;
if he has frequent constipation.

It is unacceptable to give diluted cow's milk. This can lead to irreversible consequences.

The composition of the product does not contain those useful minerals and vitamins that are contained in adapted mixture or mother's milk.

Mixed feeding rules

Breastfeed first, then formula.
Only one feeding can be replaced with a mixture.

You need to introduce the product gradually, starting with a small amount. The temperature of the mixture should not exceed the temperature of the child's body. It is necessary to dilute the product only with boiled water.

Here's another one interesting video with the participation of Evgeny Komarovsky, from which you will learn about the feeding regimen of a newborn, whether it is necessary to feed him at night and how many times this can be done:

Feeding hours and dosage

How to properly feed a newborn baby with a mixture and do I need to do it on time?

With artificial feeding in the first months of life, 6-7 meals a day are recommended with an interval of 3-3.5 hours.

At night, a 6-hour interval should be done. It is important to take into account the required volume, which is calculated depending on age and weight.

So, for the first six months of life, an infant needs 115 kcal per 1 kg, after 6 months - 110 kcal.

The daily amount of food required for a baby with normal weight indicators, is:

from 7 days to 2 months - 1/5 of body weight;
from 2 to 4 - 1/6 of body weight;
from 6 to 12 months - 1/8.

Enter new mixture according to the following schedule:

1 day - 10 ml 1 time per day;
2 day - 10 ml 3 times a day;
Day 3 - 20 ml 3 times a day;
Day 4 - 50 ml 5 times a day;
Day 5 - 100 ml 4 times a day;
Day 6 - 150 ml 4 times a day.

Start of complementary foods

Learn to distinguish between "complementary foods" and "supplementary foods". In the first situation, the baby receives additional food to prepare for adult life and food. In the second, it is supplemented in case of a lack of milk with mixtures.

Complementary foods are introduced at 6 months of age- with breastfeeding and 5 - with artificial nutrition. Until this period, except for mother's milk, formula and water, nothing can be given.

Start slowly and with caution. The first time you need to give half a teaspoon of complementary foods, and then supplement with milk or formula. A "test" is possible before the second feeding, at 9-11 am.

Assess the child's response to New Product . If rash, irritation, anxiety, constipation (diarrhea) is not found, then the next day you can give 2 times more.

In no case should you introduce an unfamiliar product during illness or after vaccination. If any reaction occurs, the start of complementary foods is delayed for 1-2 weeks.

Don't force your child to eat. Perhaps the baby is not yet ready for a new stage in life.

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Collected reviews about the dry mix Malyutka and the composition of this product.

Where to start feeding

It's best to start with vegetables. This is a zucchini cauliflower, broccoli. Any vegetable is thoroughly washed and boiled (in a double boiler or in a regular saucepan). Then grind with a blender.

On the first day - half a teaspoon. Then the dose is increased by 2 times every day and brought to normal.

If there are no extraneous reactions to a new product, after 4 days you can try another vegetable, and then mash from the previously proposed products. After 10 days, one intake of dairy food should be completely replaced.

For 7 months you can offer porridge. This should be done at the very last reception - before a night's sleep. To begin with, the baby should be introduced to buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, then gradually expand the diet.

Use special baby cereals intended for 7 months of age. Giving semolina at this age is not recommended due to the presence of gluten in it.

At 8 months, two feedings are already being replaced. Now you can introduce your child to fermented milk products - kefir. On the 4th day, offer low-fat cottage cheese.

Fruits are introduced into complementary foods when the first tooth appears in the baby.. The first is an apple. It is not recommended to fully replace feeding with fruit. They are given in addition to the main food.

Meat is introduced at 9 months of age and fish at 10 months. You can add half the yolk and vegetable oil to the diet. From 10 months, soup is already being prepared on meat, fish broth, where bread crumb is added. Allowed introduction vegetable oil and cookies.

By one year of age, all 5 feedings should be completely replaced. Although some mothers still put the baby to the breast at night.

Water must be included in the diet. Its temperature should correspond to the body temperature of the baby.

The most important thing while breastfeeding is to eat well.. Prohibited during this period:

consume alcoholic beverages;
eat spicy, salty, spicy food.

Necessary:

exclude cow's milk, peas, beans, white cabbage from the diet;
limit the use of caffeine, chocolate;
exclude fast food and convenience foods.

During the feeding period, stress should be avoided, sleep and rest should be adhered to.

You will learn a lot from this video tutorial useful information about poses for breastfeeding a newborn, how to properly feed a baby in a sitting position and lying on your side, in which position it will be best for you and your baby:

In contact with

Women's milk is the most suitable food for a newborn, which has no analogues. Having decided to breastfeed a newborn baby, the mother gives the baby not food, but much more. The uncertainty at the first attempts to feed the baby soon passes, especially if you learn more about the intricacies of breastfeeding during pregnancy.

Preparation

It is not necessary to wash the breast before feeding with soap, as our mothers were once advised. For breast hygiene, only a daily shower is enough. It is also not recommended to treat the nipples with any antiseptics.

Choose a quiet place for feeding where you feel comfortable. It's good if no one bothers you at this time.

About 15 minutes before you start feeding your baby, drink a glass of liquid. Due to this, lactation will increase.

Proper attachment and gripping of the breast

It is proper attachment that is one of the main factors contributing to a successful breastfeeding experience. For the course of the entire period of feeding the baby with human milk, it is very important how the first application of the baby happened. In most maternity hospitals, breastfeeding is supported by ensuring that the newborn baby is attached to the mother's breast immediately after birth.

Also for proper attachment important comfortable posture. Feedings, especially at first, last quite a long time, so it is important that mom does not get tired.

The baby should grab the nipple on his own, but if he did it wrong (grabbed only the tip), the mother should slightly press on the baby's chin and release the breast.

Stages

After washing your hands, it is worth expressing a few drops of milk and wiping the nipple with them. This will make the nipple softer so that the baby can easily grasp it. Now you need to get comfortable and start feeding:

Grasping the breast with your fingers, without touching the areola, direct the nipple towards the baby's face. To help the baby find the nipple, stroke the baby on the cheek. If this does not help, you can squeeze a little milk onto the baby's lips.
Make sure your baby is latching onto the nipple correctly. His mouth should be open fairly wide, and his chin should be pressed against his mother's chest. In the mouth of the baby should be not only the nipple, but also part of the areola.
If milk begins to flow from the corner of the baby's mouth, you need to raise the baby's head and place forefinger under lower lip baby.
When the baby sucks very sluggishly, help the baby become more vigorous. To do this, you can stroke the baby on the head, pat on the cheek or ear.
When the little one begins to fall asleep at the breast or sucks more slowly, the mother can interrupt the sucking by gently inserting her index finger between the breast and the corner of the baby's mouth.
Do not rush to get dressed immediately after feeding. Let the milk on the nipple dry a little. Also, do not rush to put the baby in the crib. The baby must burp the air that has entered the stomach with milk. To do this, hold the little one in a “column”, warningly putting a napkin on his shoulder, since a small portion of milk can also come out with air.

Comfortable positions

For feeding the baby, the mother selects a lying, sitting or any other position in which it is convenient for both her and the baby. You need to feed the crumbs in a relaxed state.

If the mother is weakened after childbirth, suffered C-section or suturing in the perineal area, it will be more convenient for her to feed lying on her side. Turning to face the baby, you need to put the child so that the head of the crumbs is located in the elbow bend mother's hand. Supporting the baby under the back, you can gently stroke the baby.

The most common position for breastfeeding at night and after childbirth is in the prone position.

Also one of the most comfortable positions for feeding is sedentary. Mom can sit in an armchair or on a chair, but it is more convenient if her hand rests on the armrest or on a pillow, and one foot stands on a small bench. The child should be supported under the back so that his head is located on the crook of his mother's elbow. The baby's belly should touch the mother's belly.

Other possible poses and positions

Feeding the crumbs can be carried out in the position from behind the back. For this position, mom sits on the couch and places a regular pillow next to her. On the pillow, the mother lays the baby so that the baby's body is located along her body at hand. This position is very convenient for mothers breastfeeding twins. So mom can feed both babies at once.

Also, mom can feed while sitting on the floor and crossing her legs "in Turkish". In this position, it is convenient to feed a baby who already knows how to crawl or walk.

Popular nursing positions are listed below. Experiment and choose the most comfortable of them for both you and the baby.

How to understand that everything is going right?

If the baby grabbed the breast correctly, then:

Both the nipple and the areola (most of it) will be in the baby's mouth, and the baby's lips will be turned outward.
The baby's nose will be pressed against the chest, but will not sink into it.
Mom will not hear any other sounds other than swallowing milk.
Mom will not feel any discomfort while suckling.

During feeding, watch the position of the mouth and nose of the child and listen to your feelings.

Outside home

A breastfeeding mother gets such an important advantage as the ability to give her baby food at any time when the baby gets hungry. You can feed your baby inconspicuously in many places. To do this, mom should think over her clothes, putting on things that are easy to unfasten or lift up. You can also bring a handkerchief or shawl with you to cover yourself during feeding.

IN Lately places for feeding babies began to appear in stores. If the mother with the newborn is visiting, do not be shy to ask to retire with the baby in another room. Any adequate person will meet you halfway.

FAQ

How often and after how many minutes should I put the baby to the breast again?

How many minutes should a newborn breastfeed?

Most babies suckle for about 15 minutes in one latch, but there are babies who need more long time for sucking (up to 40 minutes). If the baby is weaned from the breast before it empties the breast, the baby may not receive enough milk from the rear sections, in which there is a large proportion of fat. Due to prolonged sucking, nipple cracks may appear, so it is recommended to feed the baby from 10-15 to 40 minutes.

How to understand that the child is full?

Is it possible to breastfeed a baby?

Indeed, at first the baby eats milk in excess, because he is not familiar with the feeling of satiety, since he was constantly fed in utero. But you don’t need to worry, all the extra crumbs will burp, and overfeeding with breast milk cannot damage his health.

Will milk have time to be digested if the child asks for breasts often?

You don’t have to worry about this, because mother’s milk is a perfectly balanced food for a newborn, digested without much effort. breast milk almost immediately enters the children's intestines and is quickly digested in it.

How to breastfeed a crying baby?

If crying baby cannot take the breast in any way, first calm the baby. Hold him to you, gently talk to the child, shake in your arms. If the baby's crying is due to the fact that he cannot take the breast, touch the nipple to the baby's cheek or lips.

Is it necessary to feed at night?

Night feedings are very important for long and successful lactation, since it is during such feedings that the production of hormones important for milk production is stimulated. In addition, the newborn has not yet established a day and night regimen, so the time of day does not affect his feeling of hunger.

Remember that by putting the baby on the breast early, feeding on demand, and emptying the breast completely, you will stimulate the production of milk in the glands. If you rarely feed the baby and limit the time of feeding, there is a high probability of a decrease in lactation.
If the mother is taking any medications, it is important to find out whether such medications pass into milk and whether they can affect the baby's health.
If the mother drank alcohol, then for three hours she should not feed the baby. Alcohol very quickly penetrates into women's milk in the same concentration in which it is contained in the blood of the mother.
You should not smoke while breastfeeding, because nicotine passes into milk very easily. Also, nursing mothers should not stay in a smoky room.
Milk in the first months of lactation often leaks from the breast between feedings, so it is convenient to use bra inserts.
Don't buy a bottle and formula "just in case" and don't give up if your first feeding experience isn't good. The art of breastfeeding needs to be learned like any other skill, but once you master it, you will gain much more. more benefits than from switching to formula feeding.

Possible problems

At the very beginning of breastfeeding, many problems often arise, but any woman can cope with them.

Irregular nipple shape

The nipples at the mother's breasts may be inverted or flat, and the baby can hardly grasp such nipples.

In this case, in the first weeks of feeding, before giving the baby a breast, the mother should pull out the nipple along with the areola (by hand or using a breast pump).

often helps and Hoffman technique: several times a day, massage with your fingers, first squeezing the nipple, and then straightening it, stretching it in opposite directions.

You can also resort to the use of special overlays.

If pulling out the nipple and pads do not help, you will have to feed the baby with expressed milk.

Cracks in the nipples

This is a common problem in the first days of feeding, causing great discomfort to the mother. Cracks are usually caused by the baby sucking too long at the breast, as well as improper latching. And therefore, to prevent the occurrence of cracks, you need to monitor the capture of the breast, as well as the duration of feeding.

If cracks have already appeared, the baby should be fed with a healthy gland or use pads. At severe pain you can express your breast and give your baby expressed milk.

Strong rush of milk

If the breast is overfilled with milk and becomes so dense that the baby cannot properly grasp the nipple and suck out milk, you should slightly strain the breast before feeding (until soft), limit fluid intake, and also attach something to the breast for 5-7 minutes cold (for example, an ice pack).

lactostasis

With such a problem, the breast becomes very dense and the mother feels painful bursting in it. No need to stop feeding the baby, on the contrary, it should be applied to the breast more often. In this case, the mother is advised to limit the liquid and gently massage the hardened areas of the breast, straining the milk until soft.

Mastitis

This inflammatory disease is common problem in the second or fourth week after birth. It is manifested by the appearance of seals that cause pain to a woman. Also, a nursing mother often has a fever. If you suspect that a woman is developing mastitis, you should immediately consult a doctor. Only he will confirm the diagnosis, prescribe treatment and be able to say whether it is worth continuing to breastfeed.

Hypogalactia

This is called the production of milk in an amount less than the baby needs. Counting wet diapers (they are normally more than 10) and monthly weighing (normally, the baby should gain at least 0.5 kg) will help make sure that there is a shortage of milk. But there is no need to rush with supplementary feeding with a mixture, because it can be a lactation crisis.

Nutrition

Update date: October 29, 2017 0

The birth of a child is the beginning of a wonderful, but also the most difficult period of life for a family. We have to solve a lot of issues, some of them appear even before birth. But perhaps the most important is nutrition. What to feed - breast or formula? Modern doctors recommend breastfeeding. But how to breastfeed a newborn and until what age to do it? Should we rely on mother nature, who, as they believe, will not make a mistake, or is it better to learn from those who understand the problem?

According to WHO experts, the ideal time to start breastfeeding is immediately after birth. Attaching to the breast of a child in the first hour of his life helps both the baby to adapt to a sudden change in the environment of "habitat", and the mother - it is easier to endure the process of childbirth. The production of oxytocin at the time of suckling helps the uterus contract faster, as a result of which atonic bleeding (the most terrible complication of early pregnancy) is prevented. postpartum period). There is a wealth of research showing the benefits of breastfeeding for the infant as well, from reducing the risk of childhood infections to preventing obesity and even increasing IQ.

Should I wash my breasts before feeding?

In the recent past, washing the mammary glands with soap before feeding was considered absolutely necessary. It was even recommended to treat them with antiseptics, which was supposed to prevent gastrointestinal infections in the baby, which he could supposedly get from the dirty skin of the chest.

In the WHO recommendations recent years it is clearly stated that frequent washing mammary glands leads to the destruction of the protective water-fat layer of the skin. This results in a decrease local immunity and an increased risk of skin infections. It only takes one or two times a day water procedures without being attached to feeding. You do not fidget on the ground with your bare chest, so why wash it all the time?

As part of food hygiene, hand washing should not be forgotten. Here everything is different - every time after visiting the toilet, changing the diaper and washing the baby, hands should be thoroughly washed with some kind of detergent(at least for dishes, although the usual is best toilet soap). Here, too, one should not fanatically strive for absolute sterility - you are not going to do an operation. Just wash your hands and just let the baby breast.

I have a small papilloma on the nipple, can I breastfeed my baby?

It all depends on the size, position and condition of the papilloma. If feeding causes pain or bleeding occurs during sucking, the growth should be removed with one of safe ways(laser, electrocoagulation, cryocoagulation). It is unlikely that a child will become infected with the papilloma virus, but if this tumor bothers you, consult a doctor and think over the treatment tactics with him. It is impossible to give a single advice here, it all depends on the specific situation.

What are the postures for breastfeeding

An important issue about breastfeeding positions is sometimes overlooked even by doctors, getting off with the on-duty “the main thing is that you feel comfortable.” This is not exactly the right approach, although there are no clear recommendations, as in sports, such as "heels together, toes apart."

Of course, for the first time, a woman exhausted by childbirth may attach the child incorrectly, but later she must be explained how to breastfeed correctly. So the rules are:

The head of the baby and his body, regardless of your posture, should be on the same line. He will not be able to suck if his head is twisted, bent or dangling left and right. Don't believe? Turn your head to the side and try to drink from a cup.
The baby is turned to face the breast so that its nose is flush with the nipple. So he will be able to capture predominantly lower part areola.
Bring the child as close to the body as possible. The breast should not be put into the child's mouth, it is better to bring him to the chest, otherwise the nipple will periodically fall out. This is fraught with excessive swallowing of air, belching, colic, and simply unpleasant for the baby.
Do not bend over while feeding - your back should be completely relaxed.
In newborns, the whole body needs to be supported, not just the head.
If you need to hold the chest, do it from below, forming a semblance of the letter C from the fingers of the hand. Do not grab the nipple with “scissors” “made” from the index and middle fingers - there is a high risk of pulling out the nipple.

How to breastfeed while lying down

It is better to breastfeed while lying down only during the day. Yes, I want to sleep at night! Yes, there are no forces, we agree! But a moment of convenience for you can turn into a tragedy if you fall asleep and "sleep" the child. So there is only one rule - feed, then lie down and sleep on. Let the baby sleep in his own bed.

When feeding lying down, all the rules described above work, there are no special features. If it’s comfortable for you, it doesn’t hurt, if the baby sucks well and falls asleep happily - you are doing everything right.

How to breastfeed twins

If you are lucky (or unlucky, by the way) and have twins, the feeding problem becomes a little more difficult. It may take more time, such a life also takes a lot of energy. But they also feed twins, and even triplets, some feed both their own and someone else's child, which means you can handle it. Milk should be enough, because the child himself stimulates its production, and the more children, the more stimulation. Help is more likely to be needed in other household issues not related to feeding (washing, ironing, cooking, etc.), but this is the second question.

Technically, there is no difference between feeding one or two children: babies should grab the entire areola with their mouths and suck so as not to choke or choke. You can feed them one at a time or at the same time - it's up to you. Most moms prefer the simultaneous option - it takes a little less time. The main rule is not to “tie” Vasya to right chest, and Petya to the left: each baby suckles differently and may require different amounts of milk. If Vasya always sucks more from one mammary gland than Petya from the other, the breasts will become asymmetrical and this will be aesthetically unpleasant even for the mother herself. Therefore, the breasts must be alternated.

There are several positions in which feeding two babies does not turn into torture:

"From under the hand." Toddlers lay their armpits on rolled up blankets or special pillows. The legs of the children are located behind the mother. Each child is given a breast: the right one - the right one, the left one - the left one.
"Across". First, one child is laid, pressing him to himself, then the second, pressing him to the first.
"Parallel". The first child lies on the arm, the second - under the armpit, the bodies are located in the same direction.

Ideal if you will feed the children at the same time. However, you should not fanatically follow this advice: one of the two wants to sleep, so let him sleep. Do not forget that the main rule is that the child is in charge of feeding, not his mother.

When I breastfeed, one breast is larger than the other. Could this be due to the fact that I breastfeed more on my right breast than on my left? Olga, 27 years old

Yes, Olga, if your mammary glands were the same before giving birth, then this is the reason for the difference. In a more "active" breast, more milk is produced, and accordingly it increases. Try to alternate, apply the baby with one feeding to the right breast, with the second - to the left, and everything will return to normal. And do not worry, usually after the cessation of lactation, both mammary glands become the same.

What is the best way to feed: with one breast or both?

Among breastfeeding mothers, especially inexperienced ones, the myth is being strongly exaggerated that if you feed a child with only one breast, then it will become larger than the other and everything will remain so. In reality, however, after the end of feeding, both mammary glands return to normal, and their size becomes exactly the same.

There is no biological difference between feeding one or both breasts - milk will be produced as much as the baby needs. Moreover, if the child prefers to eat only from one "plate" - do not interfere with him. This is the essence of feeding "on demand" - to give the baby to eat how, when and how much he wants. He, not you, controls his diet. Just don't pump unclaimed breasts: there's no point in that.

Of course, more radical situations are possible - for example, one breast was completely removed and replaced with an implant. Of course, it will no longer be possible to feed it, but the second one remains! It may well give the amount of milk necessary for the child.

Why does a baby freak out and arch when breastfeeding?

There can be many reasons: uncomfortable position, lack of milk, difficulty sucking, improper attachment, colic. Together with the doctor, medical reasons should be excluded, and attention should also be paid to violations in the feeding technique. IN last resort(for example, with hypogalactia) supplementation should be given.

Should I breastfeed after a year?

In the old days, it was believed that the child should be weaned at the age of one or a little later. Even many modern experts argue that milk after a year is no longer the same, it does not contain the necessary substances, the child is missing something, it digestive system formed so that the mother's milk is no longer absorbed properly. It is a myth!

The World Health Organization explains that breastfeeding after one year and up to two years is an important factor psycho-emotional development of the baby. Moreover, three studies conducted in Brazil and Bangladesh (1987, 1989, 1995) showed that in countries where there is a risk of food and respiratory infections where availability medical care low breastfeeding children of the second year of life significantly reduces the frequency of their diseases and facilitates the course of diseases in already sick babies. WHO insists on natural nutrition children under 6 months, strongly recommends - up to a year, and strongly advises breastfeeding and after a year - up to two years.

I have been breastfeeding for 6 months, but my period has started. Whether to wean the child from the breast in connection with this? Alena, 30 years old

No, Alena, weaning is not necessary. Usually, lactation prevents the onset of menstruation, and this reduces the chance of getting pregnant by 98%. But it happens that menstruation begins earlier. This is not a reason to refuse breastfeeding, since the taste of milk does not change, its composition also remains the same. Continue breastfeeding and use protection if new pregnancy undesirable.

Can I breastfeed and formula feed?

Sometimes situations arise when the baby begins to lack milk. There is even a special term for this - hypogalactia, which can be primary (usually with violations of the nervous and endocrine regulation of lactation) and secondary, arising from many external factors:

complications of pregnancy and childbirth;
pathology of the mammary glands;
serious violations of feeding technique;
improper breast care;
severe course of various diseases;
malnutrition or (more often) malnutrition;
overwork, stress, lack of mood for feeding;
late start of breastfeeding;
violation of the process of sucking by an infant;
taking medicines or products that change the taste of milk.

It is clear that with secondary hypogalactia there is an opportunity to correct the situation, and by eliminating the cause of the decrease in lactation, it is possible to restore normal production milk. Conditionally, one can also include here lactation crises when on short term the child begins to lack nutrition due to a jump in his growth.

Can I play sports while breastfeeding?

Yes, you can. However, you should plan your workouts in such a way that the baby's food intake does not coincide with the classes. Remember that sports can cause chronic overwork, which will affect the amount of milk produced. And certainly do not take any sports drugs during feeding, because some of them can be dangerous for the child.

Most similar cases mothers usually transfer the baby partially or completely to food artificial mixtures, making big mistake. First of all, you need to see a doctor or a breastfeeding specialist and decide together with them whether it is enough to breastfeed your baby or whether you need to introduce supplementary feeding. Remember that it may only seem to you that the child does not have enough milk (especially if he has suspicious grandmothers), but in fact the baby may gain even more than the desired weight.

If there is a need for additional feeding, then some rules should be followed. Firstly, supplementary feeding is always given after the breast, otherwise the child will stop sucking it altogether. Secondly, only high-quality mixtures should be used, but in no case whole cow or goat milk. Thirdly, when preparing the mixture, follow the instructions supplied by the manufacturer with each jar exactly. An excessively thick mixture will overload the child's body with proteins and minerals (this is dangerous!), And a formula that is too thin will simply not be enough for the baby to eat. Pay attention to the composition - in daily dose mixtures must contain all essential vitamins, micro and macronutrients in the required amount.

Everyone says that the baby should be fed naturally. But I don't want to breastfeed, I'm afraid that her shape will change. What should I do? Irina, 24 years old

Irina, for starters, you should determine what is more important for you - a healthy child or beautiful breasts. If the first, then try to set yourself up to give up your “I want or don’t want” and take care of the baby. If the latter, then remember that sooner or later the beauty of your breasts will dry up, and in adulthood it will be painful for you to watch how the child moves away from you psychologically. Are you ready to be single in your old age?

Do I need to pump my breast after feeding?

Most mothers believe that if the baby has not sucked everything out of the breast, the milk must be expressed, otherwise it will become less. This is only half the truth. There is a substance in milk called an "inhibitor" that inhibits its production. The more milk in the breast, the more inhibitor it contains, the more its secretion is suppressed. Then everything is simple: the child sucked out a lot - there was little inhibitor left - a lot of milk was produced and vice versa. Thus, if the child has not sucked everything out, the body understands that so much milk should not be produced, and reduces its “production”. This is how the prevention of mastitis and breast engorgement occurs.

It has been noticed that mastitis develops more often in those women who express milk constantly: they always have too much milk, it stagnates, becomes infected and disease occurs. Let the baby and your breasts regulate the process themselves, this is biologically correct. Pumping is necessary only in a few cases, most often associated with the inability to attach the baby to the breast.

My hair falls out a lot and I breastfeed. Is this related and what to do so as not to lose the remnants of hair? Ira, 21 years old

Irina, hair loss is a sign of a certain trouble in the body. Most sin on hormonal disruptions, although only a few percent of such situations can be explained by this reason. Most often, hair falls out due to a lack of certain vitamins and minerals in the mother's diet, as well as due to overwork. In the second case, you can shift some household issues to other family members (husband, grandmothers, older children). In the first, you need to reconsider the mode and diet. It is better to do this with a doctor, and not with a local therapist, who for the most part do not have the necessary skills, but with a breastfeeding specialist or a nutritionist.

Diet while breastfeeding

healthy mother healthy child should not follow any diet. high-grade, balanced diet This is the key to successful lactation. All stories about the dangers of certain products are just myths. If the child is not allergic to the tomatoes you ate, eat them. If he is not "embarrassed" by strawberries - Bon appetit. Honey and nuts are strong allergens, and isn't it strange that they are often advised to reduce milk production? The main thing in the nutrition of a woman is its quantitative and qualitative usefulness. And if the child gives a reaction to something - well, cancel this product. And do not drink alcohol - it is dangerous in any quantity, even 10 grams. You can not eat and fast food - it is biologically defective, and often dangerous due to low-quality ingredients that make up its composition, food.

The same rule applies to drinks - drink something that does not affect health. Ideally, you should only drink clean water. It is not recommended to take tea, coffee, especially energy drinks, as this stimulates the child's nervous system, which is not prepared for such spurring.

We have a birthday coming up and I'm not sure I can go without a drop of alcohol. Tell me, how long can you breastfeed after alcohol, such as beer? Anna, 20 years old

Hello Anna. Alcohol is the strongest neurotoxin, it is extremely dangerous for nervous system baby even in the smallest doses. We advise you to completely abandon its use during the entire period of breastfeeding. However, if this could not be avoided, one rule should be remembered - 20 ml of pure alcohol is destroyed by the body in an average of 3 hours. This is 50 grams of vodka or cognac, 150-200 ml of wine or a glass of beer. We recommend multiplying this time by two and also multiplying it by the amount of alcohol you have drunk.

Is breastfeeding allowed in public places?

Often in the shops in the yards or squares you can see women putting the baby to their chest. Sometimes this causes serious controversy, on the topic of the admissibility of breastfeeding in in public places. Leaving aside the moral side, we will consider exclusively the medical aspect.

Breastfeeding is an “on demand” process, which means that where and when the baby wants to eat - there and then he must be fed. Nobody bothers to cover the chest with a light handkerchief if the moral norms of society condemn similar situations. The child should eat when he wants. Your task is to ensure the hygiene of the procedure. However, if you take a shower once or twice a day, this is quite enough to prevent infections. Do not forget to treat your hands with antiseptic wipes just before feeding.

I had a breast augmentation 2 years ago. Now I am pregnant, and I know that the best food for a baby is breast milk. But can you breastfeed with implants? Shouldn't they be removed first? Nastya, 28 years old

Good day, Nastya. The danger of silicone silicone for a child is a myth. If this substance were toxic, it would first kill the woman herself. Moreover, silicone is insoluble in water, which means that it cannot penetrate into milk, even if the implant is damaged. Another proof of its safety is that millions of nipples for children are made from it and not a single one has yet been poisoned.

However, after feeding, the shape of the breast may change and the implant will become noticeable. No one is immune from this, it may be necessary to re-plastic. Remember that the shape of the breast could change even without implants. And isn't the health of the child more important than the beauty of the breast, which, moreover, only one husband sees?

Gennady Bozbey, Emergency Medical Doctor

Ask a doctor a free question

The question of how to feed properly is the basis of good nutrition for the crumbs, communication and communication with the mother, as well as his physical and mental health. Therefore, a woman must take into account such factors as correctly organized attachment, her own and many other things.

How right baby. Attachment

How to Emotional condition mothers

IN modern world It is no secret to anyone that water has unique property respond to external stimuli. On this occasion, many studies have been carried out that prove the changes and its effect in the case of charging a positive or negative energy. This factor must be taken into account when breastfeeding. After all, milk is almost 90% water. Therefore, wondering how to properly feed baby, and if you are going to attach it to your chest, you need to calm down, if before that you were negatively excited, get rid of all kinds of " bad thoughts". It is best if breastfeeding takes place in privacy so that the mother can focus on her love for the child and communication with him. It is also favored Fresh air, being in nature, calm classical music, no TV and other annoying factors. If these recommendations are taken into account as much as possible, then you will create a solid foundation. trusting relationship with your child in the future, ensure the development of an emotionally stable and confident personality, as well as give a complete, tasty and healthy diet baby.

How much should a baby breastfeed?

Each woman must answer this question for herself. Up to 6 months, the baby has enough mother's milk, and then complementary foods can be introduced. Some for many reasons already at this age stop feeding. Most give breasts up to a year, and a few - up to two or three. However, science has proven that with constant stimulation, lactation can last almost a lifetime.