Toxicosis of moderate severity treatment. The main criteria for severity. Causes and risk factors for early toxicosis of pregnant women

Early toxicosis of pregnant women is a common pathological condition that is associated with pregnancy, develops in the first trimester and is characterized by various multiple disorders. The most permanent of them are disorders of the functions of the central nervous system, impaired functioning vascular system and metabolic processes. How to alleviate the course of toxicosis and is it possible to cope with it?

Causes of toxicosis

There is no consensus on the causes and pathogenesis of pathology among scientists. No one doubts only one etiological factor- the presence and development of the fetal egg and its individual components. This is also confirmed by the fact that in cases of their removal for some reason, there is a sharp cessation of toxicosis in the early stages.

As regards the development mechanisms early toxicosis various theories have been proposed - neurogenic, neuroendocrine, reflex, allergic, immune, corticovisceral. The most popular is the idea of ​​toxicosis as a syndrome of maladjustment of the body, which arose as a result of rapidly changing conditions for its functioning. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of the syndrome, which, if possible, are taken into account when deciding what to do with the development of pathology.

At least a general correct understanding of the mechanisms of the development of the disease allows us to understand how to deal with it. In the development of early toxicosis, an important role is played by the functional state of the central nervous system and disturbances in its relationship with the functioning internal organs especially the digestive tract. These disorders are expressed in the predominance of excitatory processes in the subcortical structures of the central nervous system over the processes of inhibition.

Most authors associate the predominance of excitation processes with a violation of the functioning of the receptor apparatus of the internal genital organs of a woman, due to various surgical interventions, previous intoxications and inflammatory diseases, previous abortions, miscarriages, etc.

It is also possible that in the early stages of gestation there is a violation of the physiological connection between the woman's body and the trophoblast, the functions of which are the implantation of the ovum, the provision of embryonic nutrition, the binding of maternal antibodies and the prevention of their entry into the fetal circulation.

In the subcortical structures of the brain, in the reticular formation, the medulla oblongata, there are closely interconnected centers of smell, salivation, vomiting, respiratory and vasomotor centers.

Due to changes in the receptor apparatus of the uterus or in the conduction nerve pathways, the impulses coming from the peripheral parts of the nervous system to the brain (against the background of the predominance of excitation processes) can be perverse, which causes an inadequate response from other centers of the brain.

In this regard, the vomiting act is usually preceded by such signs as a feeling of nausea, increased salivation, as well as autonomic disorders in the form of spasm of peripheral vessels, manifested by pallor of the skin, an increase in heart rate and deepening of breathing.

Defining links in the pathogenesis of the disease are violations of neuroendocrine regulation of all types of metabolism, as well as partial or complete starvation and dehydration.

In the case of progression of vomiting or salivation, a disorder of the water-salt balance occurs with a predominant deficiency of potassium ions, dehydration gradually increases. Against this background, protein, carbohydrate and fat types of metabolism are also violated, glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are consumed, catabolism (decay) processes are activated, and body weight decreases.

Under these conditions, the physiological oxidation of fatty acids is impossible, resulting in the accumulation of incompletely oxidized products of fat metabolism, which leads to an increase in ketone bodies in the blood, the acid-base composition of the blood is disturbed with a shift to the acid side, and blood oxygen saturation decreases.

These general changes are initially functional. But as they increase, the functions of the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and central nervous system are disrupted.

Vegetative disorders in early pregnancy may be due to hormonal imbalance in the body of a woman, in particular, due to an increase in the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This fact is supported by more frequent and also more severe toxicosis in early pregnancy with and cystic drift, in which the levels of hCG in the blood are especially high.

Provoke the development of early toxicosis mainly:

• previous inflammatory diseases of the endometrium and uterine appendages;
• chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, pancreas;
• other chronic diseases (kidney, liver, endocrinopathy, etc.);
• helminthic invasions;
• absence psychological preparation to pregnancy, neuropsychic instability, irritability, stressful situations And depressive states(even slightly pronounced), previous brain injuries (concussion, bruise);
• hereditary predisposition;
• unstable blood pressure;
• acute infectious diseases;
• overweight.

How toxicosis manifests itself in the early stages

Early toxicosis during pregnancy can manifest itself various forms. The most common of them are vomiting of pregnant women and ptyalism (excessive salivation), less common dermatoses, mainly in the form of itching of pregnant women. Other forms of early gestosis, such as dermatoses in the form of eczema, impetigo herpetiformis, etc., osteomalacia (softening of bones), bronchial asthma in pregnant women, polyneuritis, convulsive syndrome, acute fatty degeneration of the liver are extremely rare.

When does toxicosis begin in early pregnancy?

Its most frequent manifestations in the form of vomiting and ptyalism accompany pregnancy from the 5th to 6th week. They occur in 50-60% of pregnant women, but in most cases they are easily tolerated and do not pose any threat to the body. Of these, only 8-10% of women need medical care for toxicosis in early pregnancy.

How long does early toxicosis of pregnant women last?

It depends on the accompanying adverse factors and the individual characteristics of the woman's body. The earlier this pathological condition develops, the more severe it is and the longer it lasts. As a rule, nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation stop on their own by the 12th - 13th week of pregnancy, when the placenta formation processes end. In rare cases, the period of adaptation of the body to pregnancy lasts a little longer - up to 14-15 weeks.

Vomiting pregnant

In the normal course of pregnancy, nausea and vomiting may occur 2-3 times during the day, but usually in the morning. Such phenomena do not lead to violation general condition. Some women note the so-called "evening toxicosis", which is no different from nausea, vomiting, or excessive salivation in the morning.

This term is not a characteristic of a separate form of pathology and has only everyday meaning. Symptoms in the evening occur as a result of psychological overwork by the end of the working day, eating disorders, excessive food intake in the evening, lack of walks on fresh air.

Many doctors consider these symptoms as physiological and do not require special medical attention. Some authors directly consider preeclampsia a condition in which nausea and vomiting are not associated with food intake, appear several times a day and are often accompanied by hypersalivation, a change in general well-being, a decrease in appetite and body weight, a perversion of taste and smell.

The severity of the pathological condition makes it possible to distinguish various degrees of severity, depending on which the main remedy for toxicosis is chosen in the early stages. There are 3 degrees of severity of vomiting of pregnant women:

• I degree - easy;
• II degree - moderate;
• III degree - severe (excessive vomiting).

Light degree

Violations are predominantly functional in nature. The frequency of vomiting during the day does not exceed 5 times, but there is almost always a feeling of nausea. Nausea and vomiting are usually associated with an unpleasant odor or food intake, less often they occur on an empty stomach. This condition leads to a decrease in appetite and depressed mood, apathy, decreased ability to work.

Weight loss averages less than 3 kg over 1 week (up to 5% of baseline body weight). Sometimes very slight dryness of the skin and mucous membranes is possible. At the same time, the general condition of the pregnant woman is not disturbed, the data of an objective examination and clinical studies of blood and urine remain mostly within the acceptable range.

Vomiting of the I degree of severity often resolves on its own or is easily treatable, but in 10-15% of women this pathology becomes more severe.

Average degree

At this stage, dysfunction of the central nervous system intensifies, vegetative and metabolic disorders are more pronounced, expressed in a shift in the acid-base state of the blood towards acidosis.

Vomiting is no longer associated with food intake and is repeated up to 6-10 times or more in 1 day. Body weight for 10-14 days on average decreases by 2-3 kg (from 6 to 10% of the initial body weight). The general condition suffers - apathy and weakness appear, sometimes (in rare cases) the body temperature rises to 37.5 °. Moderate dryness of the skin and visible mucous membranes develops. In 5-7% of cases, there is a slight yellowness of the sclera and skin, the tongue is covered with a white coating, constipation occurs, the volume of urine excreted decreases to 700-800 ml.

In addition, instability of the heart rate appears, the pulse rate increases to 90-100 beats per 1 minute, systolic blood pressure moderately decreases (up to 110-100 mm Hg). In clinical analyzes, a slight decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, a decrease in the content of chlorides, moderate ketonuria (acetone in the urine) are possible. Adequate therapy in a hospital setting is almost always effective.

If toxicosis at this stage is not reduced in early pregnancy, dysfunction of the central nervous and endocrine systems(function corpus luteum, adrenal glands, pituitary gland), disturbances in the water and electrolyte composition of the blood and all metabolic processes, etc. further exacerbate metabolic disorders and lead to a more severe course of the disease.

excessive vomiting

Severe early toxicosis is rare. It is characterized by symptoms of severe intoxication and disorders of all types of metabolism, dysfunction of all systems and organs, up to dystrophic changes in the latter.

Vomiting occurs with any movement of the body, food or liquid intake, is repeated up to 20 or more times a day, accompanied by constant nausea and profuse salivation. Body weight is rapidly decreasing (by 8 kg on average in 1.5 weeks). The condition is very serious - there is an aversion to food, pronounced weakness, dizziness and headaches, weakness, sometimes unmotivated euphoria appear.

Severe dryness and low turgor of the skin are noted, almost 30% have their icterus. Dryness and yellowness of the mucous membranes are also noted, which indicates intoxication of the liver, a sharp decrease and even disappearance of the subcutaneous fat layer, a thick coating on the tongue, and an acetone smell is felt when examining the oral cavity.

The pulse rate is more than 100 beats per 1 minute, blood pressure (systolic) - decreases to 100 and below, the daily volume of urine excreted is less than 700 ml, prolonged constipation is noted. Body temperature remains at subfebrile levels (in 40-80%), but sometimes rises to 38 °. In a clinical blood test - elevated hemoglobin(due to blood clotting), bilirubin and creatinine, a decrease in total protein and a violation of the ratio of their fractions. In urine tests, an increased number of leukocytes, cylinders and acetone are determined.

In severe cases, without adequate medical care, acute hepatic kidney failure, confusion, coma, followed by death.

Ptyalism

The occurrence of profuse salivation is explained by the same mechanisms and irritation of the center of salivation. In addition, local disturbances in the salivary glands and their ducts associated with the processes of hormonal changes in the body also play a certain role. In particular, estrogens have a stimulating effect on the epithelium of the salivary glands.

Salivation as an independent form of early preeclampsia is relatively rare. More often it accompanies vomiting, leads to maceration of the mucous membrane and skin of the lips, has a negative effect on the mental state, disrupts sleep. The loss of saliva can reach 1 liter or more during the day, resulting in moderate dehydration of the body, a decrease in total protein and body weight. This manifestation of early toxicosis is relatively easy to treat.

What helps with toxicosis in the early stages?

Principles of treatment

Treatment of toxicosis in early pregnancy (with mild degree) is carried out on an outpatient basis. It is accompanied by mandatory constant monitoring by a gynecologist of the general condition of the patient, control of body weight, as well as laboratory clinical and biochemical studies of blood and urine. A woman is recommended frequent changes in her surroundings (walks in the fresh air, communication with friends, etc.).

Proper nutrition is of great importance for toxicosis in early pregnancy. It consists in frequent and fractional (small portions) meals, which should be only at will. The food must be room temperature, well processed and crushed.

It is desirable to take it in a horizontal position with a raised head end, especially in the morning, and with “evening” toxicosis, respectively, in the evening. Even if the smell of cooked dishes causes nausea, salivation and vomiting, it is advisable to observe hunger for about 3 days, but with the intake of alkaline non-carbonated mineral liquids (Essentuki, Borjomi).

The diet for toxicosis in early pregnancy should consist of a variety of easily digestible foods rich in proteins and trace elements and with the exception of spices. Liquids in the form of mineral water without gas must also be consumed in limited volumes 6 times a day. Reducing the feeling of nausea is facilitated by foods rich in vitamin B 6 - avocados, chicken breasts, beans, fish, nuts.

From medications vitamin-mineral complexes, light sedatives of plant origin are used - tincture of hawthorn, motherwort, as well as antihistamines such as Diphenhydramine and Tavegil. In addition, pills for nausea and vomiting are recommended - Torekan, Cerucal, Thiethylperazine, Metoclopramide, Ondansetron, and in the hospital - the same drugs intramuscularly or intravenously (stream or drip), as well as the antipsychotics Droperidol or Haloperidol. At profuse salivation a solution of atropine in drops is recommended.

Tablets for nausea and vomiting with toxicosis

Sessions of psychotherapy, acupuncture, physiotherapy courses in the form of iontophoresis with calcium ions, central electroanalgesia, iontophoresis with novocaine or bromine ions can also be prescribed. collar area and etc.

For home treatment, folk remedies are also used for toxicosis in the early stages, which include a chilled decoction of ginger root, chewing pieces of ginger or fennel seeds, which are quite effective antiemetics, or infusions of lemon balm leaves, mint, dill seed, chamomile flowers.

Herbal preparations are also recommended, consisting, for example, of lemon leaves with herbs of lemon balm, thyme, oregano leaves and lavender flowers. To reduce the severity of nausea and salivation contribute to rinsing the mouth with infusions of sage, chamomile, decoction of oak bark, menthol solution.

Cases of moderate and severe severity, persistent subfebrile body temperature, the presence of acetone in the urine are an indication for hospital treatment. In the first days of inpatient treatment, rest, a starvation diet, only intravenous and intramuscular administration of vitamins and antiemetics and other drugs are prescribed, due to the impossibility of their use inside with frequent vomiting. The treatment program also includes glucocorticoid steroids (with severe early toxicosis) intravenously or intramuscularly.

The most important link in inpatient treatment in eliminating intoxication is the restoration of fluid volume and the correction of the acid-base state of the blood through intravenous drip (if necessary, jet-drip) infusion therapy using crystalloid (saline and glucose-containing) solutions and protein substitutes.

A severe degree of the pathological condition is an indication for treatment in intensive care units, and the lack of effect or insufficient effectiveness of the therapy for three days is a direct indication for artificial termination of pregnancy.

The waiting time for a baby is joyful, however, it does not always bring only positive emotions. Early toxicosis during pregnancy is observed in many women . It is manifested by bouts of nausea, in some cases vomiting and increased secretion of the salivary glands.

The most significant period of pregnancy is considered to be the first trimester. At this time, the embryo is strengthened in the uterus, it develops, and the internal organs of the baby are also formed. The well-being of the expectant mother depends on how long early toxicosis lasts, which is important for prenatal development child.

Most women are trying to discover the fact of conception in themselves on the basis of signs that accompany the period when early toxicosis begins. They believe that the development or absence of certain symptoms indicates the presence of pregnancy. However, not every expectant mother feels early toxicosis.

Doctors have established the following terms for this condition accompanying gestation:

• initial signs occur in the first days after fertilization or at 5-6 weeks;
• early toxicosis often ends by the end of the first trimester, when an important stage of laying all the organ systems of the unborn baby passes, but it can last up to 13-15 weeks, which depends on the individual characteristics of the course of pregnancy.

Causes of early toxicosis

Obstetrician-gynecologists do not have unequivocal explanations why some women develop toxicosis in the early stages. It can only be stated with certainty that intoxication at the beginning of pregnancy indicates a pathological reaction of the maternal organism to the developing embryo, which is perceived by the body as a foreign substance.

Scientists and doctors have formulated several theories that suggest possible causes of toxicosis:

• Nervous reflex- the hypothesis says that an imbalance occurs between the nervous system and internal organs. In the subcortical structure, the olfactory and vomiting centers are located, which intensify their work to preserve the embryo. This is a subconscious reaction of the body, originating from ancient times.
• immune- from the first days intrauterine life the child produces its own antibodies, which can be perceived by the protective systems of the pregnant woman as foreign.
• Hormonal- a new organ develops in the female body - the placenta, which synthesizes hormones, including chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and placental lactogen (PL). The ongoing changes are not always positively perceived by the body, which is why various reactions occur.
• Psychogenic- the assumption that initial toxicosis develops due to fear of future childbirth, worries about the health of the baby, or with a negative perception of pregnancy.

Some women from the first days after conception feel nausea, drowsiness and fatigue, while others do not feel worse. There are prerequisites that increase the likelihood of developing toxicosis.

Some of the risk factors include:

1. Smoking.
2. Insufficient amount of sleep.
3. Fatigue.
4. Inadequate diet.
5. Alcohol consumption.

Signs by severity

Depending on the severity of the symptoms, early toxicosis of pregnant women is classified into several groups:

1. First degree- rare vomiting that occurs after a morning meal, the frequency of which does not exceed five times a day. The loss of body weight is no more than 3 kg, the general well-being of the woman is not disturbed.
2. Second degree- nausea occurs about ten times a day, while its occurrence is not associated with the use of food. Over a two-week period, a pregnant woman loses about 3-4 kg in weight. The woman points to a deterioration in well-being: arterial hypotension occurs, the pulse grows, fatigue appears.
3. Third degree- Vomiting attacks are frequent and prolonged. They exhaust a woman, because she is sick up to 20-25 times within 24 hours. Weight loss reaches 10 or more kg due to loss of water, as well as the inability to eat. This negatively affects the health of the expectant mother. She may experience hyperthermia, an increase in heart rate, and inhibition of the reaction is observed.

Since the fertilization of the egg female body begins to respond to the changes that have occurred, changes the rhythm of work and tunes in to maintain a new life. Symptoms of early toxicosis worsen the woman's well-being, while she complains of weakness, drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, which can occur even from the look or memories of certain foods, she has no appetite, hypersalivation is observed. Sometimes the weight loss of a pregnant woman depends on how long early toxicosis lasts.

The most unpleasant manifestations of the body's reaction to bearing a child include vomiting, however, in addition to it, there are other symptoms:

1. Dermatosis- the pregnant woman is worried about absent-minded pruritus, sometimes occurring even in the genital area. If it is detected, the possibility of the presence of diabetes, an allergic reaction, or should be excluded.
2. Tetany and osteomalacia- muscle spasms and softening of the bones occurs due to a violation of calcium and magnesium metabolism. If you experience these symptoms, be sure to tell your obstetrician-gynecologist about them.
3. hypersalivation- increased secretion of saliva occurs due to changes in the secretion of glands. In especially severe cases, about one and a half liters are released. This symptom often accompanies vomiting.
4. Bronchial asthma- appears extremely rarely, while the expectant mother experiences asthma attacks and a dry cough. A feature of the disease is that it was not there until the moment of pregnancy.

Diagnostics

Early toxicosis of pregnant women is easily determined based on the woman's complaints. But in severe cases, when there are serious changes in the functioning of internal organs, clinical research methods will be required.

Diagnosis and treatment of early toxicosis during pregnancy is carried out by the presence of symptoms such as nausea, regurgitation, increased salivation. But even when determining standard signs, it is necessary to perform additional medical tests that make it possible to exclude other diseases that have a similar clinical picture.

First of all, you have to submit general analysis urine on ketone bodies, as well as blood for biochemistry and its main indicators, after which, if deviations from the norm are detected, additional diagnostics are prescribed.

What to do with early toxicosis?

When a woman is tormented by early toxicosis, then how to deal with this disease can only be determined empirically, because all expectant mothers are saved different ways. The main manifestations of intoxication usually occur in the morning when blood sugar levels are low.

By following certain tips, you can choose your own method treatment of early toxicosis:

• before getting out of bed, chew a cracker or any dried fruit, which will help to cope with the feeling of nausea and increase the glucose content in the body;
• ask loved ones to brew mint tea, which will soothe the receptors of the oral cavity and prevent vomiting;
• in the evening, place slices of lemon or orange on the bedside table, because after chewing citrus fruits, you can overcome the developing feeling of nausea;
• chew mint gum, this will increase saliva production and muffle unpleasant vomiting;
• Drink only those drinks that you enjoy: herbal infusions, juices, tea or just water;
• eat a spoonful of honey as soon as you feel the first symptoms of toxicosis;
• do not take a horizontal position immediately after eating - give the food time to digest;
• eat often, but in small quantities, this will prevent distension of the stomach and eliminate the likelihood of overeating.

In what cases it is necessary to see a doctor?

When early toxicosis during pregnancy is manifested not only by digestive disorders or drowsiness, but more severe symptoms occur, you should immediately inform the doctor about this, because some signs indicate the development of a serious pathology or even.

Early toxicosis of pregnant women complicates its course, and when a sharp deterioration in well-being begins, while laboratory tests show a deviation from the normal options, then in order to eliminate such manifestations, you will have to undergo inpatient treatment. The primary task of doctors is to replenish the electrolyte balance in the body, as well as restore protein and salts.

You should immediately visit a doctor when a pregnant woman:

• severe vomiting, repeated many times during the day;
• the amount of urine excreted is reduced, while its color and smell have changed;
• concerned about pain in the abdomen;
• any food eaten comes out with vomiting, and the woman cannot eat for half a day;
• weight loss in 14 days is more than 3 kg.

Relief of a woman's condition is observed when early toxicosis passes, which usually happens at the end of the first trimester.

Prevention

In order to prevent early toxicosis of pregnant women and not to wonder how to deal with it in the future, it is necessary to monitor your nutrition and health from the first days of bearing a child.

It is a big misconception that the less there is, the less pronounced the symptoms of early toxicosis will be. It is in the first trimester developing fetus a full range of vitamins and minerals is needed for the full formation of systems and organs. In addition, regular consumption of the same products can provoke an allergic reaction in mother and baby. Therefore, it is important to review your eating habits and create a balanced diet.

1. Eliminate such food, the appearance and smell of which causes bouts of regurgitation. This most often includes meat and dairy products.
2. Moderate consumption of salty foods in the early stages will make up for the loss of minerals due to increased excretion of fluid from the body, so pickles or fish in reasonable quantities will be beneficial.
3. In the last trimester, on the contrary, it is not recommended to use salt because of the likelihood of developing and.

Avoid increased psycho-emotional stress, stress, as well as the negative impact of the environment. This will allow you to happily live through the long months of waiting.

Toxicosis, especially early, during pregnancy should not be considered something mandatory and normal, and therefore be inattentive to the altered reactions of the body. Behind the seeming harmlessness of various symptoms of intoxication, serious pathological conditions can be hidden, so be sure to tell your doctor about the disturbing symptoms. Will be carried out if necessary diagnostic study and prescribed appropriate treatment for toxicosis.

Useful video about early toxicosis during pregnancy

Answers

Toxicosis(gestoses) are the conditions of pregnant women that occur in connection with the development of the entire fetal egg or its individual elements, characterized by a multiplicity of symptoms, of which the most constant and pronounced are dysfunction of the central nervous system, vascular disorders and metabolic disorders. When the fetal egg or its elements are removed, the disease, as a rule, stops. These states Pregnant women are classified according to their age of occurrence. Distinguish between early toxicosis and late gestosis. They differ in their clinical course. Early toxicosis is usually observed in the first trimester, and it disappears at the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy. Gestosis occurs in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy.

PATHOGENESIS

There were many theories trying to explain the mechanism for the development of early toxicosis: reflex, neurogenic, hormonal, allergic, immune, cortico-visceral. In the pathogenesis of early toxicosis, the leading role is occupied by a violation functional state central nervous system. In the early stages of pregnancy, the symptoms of early toxicosis (neurosis) are manifested by a dysfunction gastrointestinal tract. Food reflexes are associated with the autonomic centers of the diencephalic region. The afferent signals coming here from the periphery can be perverse (either due to changes in the uterus receptors or in the pathways), changes are possible in the centers of the diencephalic region themselves, which can change the nature of the response efferent impulses. When the sensitivity of the system is disturbed, a change in reflex reactions quickly occurs, a violation of nutritional functions: loss of appetite, nausea, salivation (salivation), vomiting. a huge role in the occurrence of early toxicosis, neuroendocrine and metabolic disorders play, in connection with this, with the progression of the disease, changes in water-salt, carbohydrate and fat, and then protein metabolism gradually develop against the background of increasing exhaustion and weight loss. Violation of the hormonal state can cause pathological reflex reactions. With vomiting of pregnant women, a temporary coincidence of the onset of vomiting with a peak in the content of chorionic gonadotropin is noted, and a decrease in corticosteroid function of the adrenal glands is often noted.

CLINICAL COURSE

Common (vomiting of pregnant women, salivation) and rare forms of early toxicosis (dermatoses of pregnant women, tetany, osteomalacia, acute yellow liver atrophy, bronchial asthma of pregnant women) are distinguished.

Vomiting pregnant(emesis gravidarum) occurs in about 50-60% of pregnant women, but no more than 8-10% of them need treatment. The earlier vomiting occurs during pregnancy, the more severe it is. Depending on the severity of vomiting, three degrees of severity are distinguished: mild, moderate and severe.

With mild (I degree) vomiting of pregnant women the general condition of the patient remains satisfactory. Vomiting is observed 5 times a day more often after meals, sometimes on an empty stomach. This reduces appetite and depresses the mood of a pregnant woman. The patient loses no more than 3 kg in weight, body temperature remains within the normal range. Humidity of the skin and mucous membranes remains normal, the pulse rate does not exceed 80 beats / min. Arterial pressure does not change. Clinical analyzes of urine and blood without pathological changes.

II degree - vomiting medium degree gravity .The general condition of the woman is noticeably disturbed: vomiting is observed from 6 to 10 times a day and is no longer associated with food intake, weight loss is from 2 to 3 kg in 1.5-2 weeks. Subfebrile temperature is possible. The moisture content of the skin and mucous membranes remains normal. Tachycardia up to 90-100 beats / min. Blood pressure may be slightly reduced. Acetonuria in 20-50% of patients.

III degree - severe (excessive) vomiting of pregnant women. The general condition of the woman is deteriorating sharply. Vomiting occurs up to 20-25 times a day, sometimes with any movement of the patient. Sleep disturbance, adynamia. Loss of body weight up to 8-10 kg. The skin and mucous membranes become dry, the tongue is lined. The body temperature rises (37.2-37.5° ). Tachycardia up to 110-120 beats / min, blood pressure decreases. Pregnant women retain neither food nor water, which leads to dehydration and metabolic disorders. All types of metabolism are disturbed. Daily diuresis is reduced, acetonuria, often protein and casts in the urine. Sometimes the content of hemoglobin in the blood increases, associated with dehydration. In blood tests, hypo- and dysproteinemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased creatinine. Shift of acid-base balance towards acidosis. In the study of electrolytes, a decrease in potassium, sodium and calcium is found.

SCHEME FOR ESTABLISHING THE SEVERITY OF PREGNANT VOMITING

Toxicosis is a pathological condition of the body that occurs as a result of exposure to exogenous toxins or harmful substances of endogenous origin. The state of toxicosis is characterized by the manifestation of neurological disorders, peripheral blood flow disorders, tachycardia, changes in skin color, and a decrease in blood pressure.

Due to the presence of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, toxicosis is manifested by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia. With toxicosis, permanent damage to the kidneys and liver occurs. Water-electrolyte metabolism is disturbed, a number of deviations in the acid-base state are observed.

Toxicosis during pregnancy can also be called preeclampsia, while the two concepts are equivalent to each other and are synonymous. Toxicosis during pregnancy occurs as a result of a violation of the processes of adaptation of the female body in connection with the development of the fetal egg. With early detection and proper treatment toxicosis of pregnancy usually proceeds without negative consequences for woman and fetus.

However, in cases where the symptoms go unnoticed - without appropriate treatment - it can become life-threatening both for the pregnant woman herself and for her not yet born child. There are early and late toxicosis, which develops, as a rule, in the last third of pregnancy, starting from the 28th week. In the name itself - pregnancy toxicosis with edema, proteinuria, hypertension - there is already a description of its symptoms: edema - accumulation of fluid in the tissues; proteinuria - protein excretions in the urine; hypertension - high blood pressure.

Early toxicosis during pregnancy

Early toxicosis usually disturbs a pregnant woman in the first 12 weeks after conception. A woman complains of weakness, increased salivation, loss of appetite, change taste sensations. She vomits and vomits. In especially severe cases, vomiting can occur up to 20 times a day, not only during the day, but also at night. As a result, water and drink do not stay in the body, dehydration begins, a pregnant woman loses weight dramatically. Her skin becomes dry and flabby, her temperature rises, her pulse quickens, and her blood pressure drops.

Late toxicosis during pregnancy

Late toxicosis occurs 20 weeks after conception and stops after childbirth. The woman almost does not feel sick, but she has swelling: first on her legs, then on her arms, and later her face swells. If left untreated, the whole body may swell. In addition, with toxicosis, the pressure rises greatly: 140/90 (and even higher), and it does not decrease even from shock doses medicines. Further more. Late toxicosis without medical assistance can lead to damage to vital organs: kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, brain.

Against this background, a pregnant woman develops headache and dizziness, impaired vision (flies flash before the eyes), noise in the ears, nausea, vomiting and pain in the epigastric region. The extreme manifestation of toxicosis of the second half of pregnancy is eclampsia. Its main manifestations are convulsions with loss of consciousness. Such convulsions can provoke a loud sound, bright light, pain. Eclampsia indicates severe disorders in the body of a pregnant woman, which can lead to death. most common cause death is cerebral hemorrhage; acute respiratory, cardiac, renal failure also occurs. Placental abruption may occur.

Causes of toxicosis during pregnancy

The causes of toxicosis are still unclear. Some experts believe that the disease occurs, in particular, as a result of malnutrition or malnutrition. Others talk about the reaction of the woman's immune system to foreign tissue: a child that arose from maternal and paternal cells is rejected by the mother's body. A genetic predisposition is being investigated: if a woman who is expecting her first child has a mother who suffered from pregnancy toxemia, then in 20-25 percent of cases she runs the risk of getting sick.

Symptoms of toxicosis of pregnancy

Although the causes of toxicosis are unclear, the course of the disease is well understood. During pregnancy, a woman's blood mass increases by one and a half to two liters. This is necessary to supply the placenta and through it - the fetus. Usually, the body can easily cope with the task of producing and transporting an increased volume of fluid. However, with toxicosis of pregnancy, the inner walls blood vessels are damaged (discussing the causes is not the task of this article). Water, which is part of the blood, seeps into the tissues of the body, forming edema (and the face). Edema may be the first symptom of toxicosis of pregnancy, they should be distinguished from the usual "harmless" edema that disappears if the legs are raised higher.

The body reacts to edema by raising blood pressure - the second symptom of toxicosis during pregnancy. As the water from the blood goes into the tissues, the blood thickens (much like apple juice turns into honey). Thickened blood does not flow as well (like honey). Now the supply of the fetus with blood-borne nutrients and oxygen is insufficient - a situation of deficiency that is dangerous for the baby arises. The mother's body reacts by releasing vasoconstrictor hormones, which are designed to raise blood pressure and improve blood flow.

Sudden high blood pressure (not to be confused with chronically high blood pressure before pregnancy) is characteristic symptom and can occur without the preliminary formation of edema. Constantly elevated pressure can have a negative effect on the kidneys: they will begin to pass more protein molecules that are excreted in the urine. Minor protein secretions during pregnancy - normal phenomenon, however, protein secretions that go beyond the norm are the third serious symptom of toxicosis.

Sometimes toxicosis of pregnancy can occur without an increase in pressure. If a woman for a short time has gained a lot of weight (more than two kilograms of fluid has been deposited in a week), and an increased protein content is found in her urine, a risk of eclampsia (convulsions) is possible. In this case, the doctor should immediately take the pregnant woman to the hospital. Women who have been diagnosed with pregnancy toxicosis by a doctor should know what to do.

First of all, a sparing regimen is required - for body and soul. A pregnant woman should be protected from stress at work and at home. She must eat well. Then the metabolism can stabilize and the blood pressure can decrease. This alone makes it possible to practically cure many mild forms of toxicosis of pregnancy. It either disappears completely or proceeds quite smoothly.

Treatment of toxicosis during pregnancy

Previously, to combat swelling, doctors advised to arrange rice days (to remove water from the body), drink nettle tea and limit salt intake. This is not recommended today. Due to dehydration, the blood thickens even more - therefore, toxicosis is aggravated. Now women suffering from toxicosis are advised to drink more, which helps to thin the blood.

In order to retain water in the blood, the body primarily requires protein, vitamin B6 and sodium. Therefore, pregnant women should eat well and salt their food well. Experience shows that in this case the edema disappears and the blood pressure goes down. If this is not enough, hospitalization may be required to gently lower the blood pressure of the pregnant woman under medical supervision.

The goal of any treatment for toxemia (through dietary adjustment, medication, or hospitalization) is to prolong the pregnancy to prevent preterm labor. High blood pressure that persists for a long time can damage the placenta - the baby will not get enough nutrients and will lag behind in growth. In women suffering from toxicosis, the child is examined in the womb.

With the help of ultrasound, the size of the fetus is measured, the blood flow velocity in the arteries of the uterus, in the placenta and umbilical cord is examined, that is, it is checked whether the child is sufficiently supplied with nutrients. With the help of a cardiotocograph, his heart tone is measured. At the same time, doctors lower the pregnant woman's blood pressure.

As a result, there are good chances that the child will continue to grow, and the woman will not have dangerous complications. Of course, pregnancy toxemia justifies its bad reputation, but thanks to timely treatment, a balanced diet and a calm lifestyle, women suffering from it get a real opportunity to give birth to a completely healthy child.

Diet for toxicosis during pregnancy

To relieve symptoms, pregnant women should make an individual diet. A common and very erroneous opinion is a strong restriction of a woman in food - the less you eat, the less nausea and vomiting will be. It is at the first stages of fetal development that he needs all the useful elements obtained from food, and strict food restrictions can cause allergies in a child or mother.

Basic principles of proper nutrition for pregnant women:

• Moderate consumption of foods and the mandatory presence of protein foods in the diet - fish, meat, cottage cheese, cheese.
• For symptoms in the later stages, reduce the consumption of salty foods to a minimum to prevent stagnation of fluid in the body and the appearance of puffiness.
• Enrich your diet necessary elements salts to replenish useful minerals (sodium and chlorine) - salted fish, pickled cucumbers, but taking into account chronic kidney disease in a pregnant woman.
• In nutrition, give preference to light plant foods, lean meats (chicken fillet is especially useful), buckwheat porridge, lentils, vegetables and fruits.
• Foods that cause nausea and vomiting (especially dairy products) should be excluded from the diet: pickles, smoked meats, marinades, chocolate.

Prevention of toxicosis during pregnancy

• In the evening, put a plate with a few crackers, crackers, or a handful of nuts on your bedside table. Eat them slowly before you get out of bed in the morning. Do not get up abruptly from the bed, lie down in a relaxed state for a few more minutes.
• Watch your diet, it should be healthy and balanced. You need to eat often in small portions. It is desirable that meals are every 2-3 hours.
• Always carry snacks in the form of nuts, dried fruits, tangerines. Eat them when you feel sick.
• Ginger has a beneficial effect in order to prevent toxicosis. Add it to teas, salads and other dishes, bake healthy gingerbread cookies for snacks.
• Keep an eye on the body's water balance (this is especially important with frequent vomiting to prevent dehydration). Drink weak tea, chamomile decoction, rosehip infusion, non-carbonated mineral water with the addition of a slice of lemon.
• Ventilate your home frequently to get rid of cooking odors that can trigger nausea.

Questions and answers on the topic "Toxicosis during pregnancy"

Question:What is preeclampsia during pregnancy, what does it threaten and how to treat it (is it necessary to go to the hospital)?

Answer: Preeclampsia (former names: late toxicosis of pregnant women, nephropathy) is a complication of pregnancy, which is always accompanied by impaired function of the placenta and the condition of the fetus due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients, and also represents serious threat for the health of women and children. It is necessary to start treating preeclampsia only in a hospital setting. If the treatment is effective, then after 2.5 - 3 weeks, an attempt can be made to continue treatment on an outpatient basis.

Question:Good afternoon. I am 28 years old, the second pregnancy, the first child is 3.5 years old. Now there is the eighth week of pregnancy, tormented by toxicosis. In the mornings I can’t come to my senses for a long time (nausea, vomiting), and during the day it also happened that I felt sick and my stomach hurt, complete apathy, I eat little, I mostly drink Borjomi, tea with chamomile and mint and still take Nux-Vomic 10 drops 3 times a day. But a few days ago the vomiting became more frequent. Is the condition getting worse? Do I need to go to the local gynecologist? She immediately wants to put me in a hospital in order to relieve herself of responsibility, because. My first pregnancy was also difficult. But maybe this time toxicosis will pass by 12-14 weeks? My first child is still small, and if they put me in custody, then there is no one to leave it to. I don't want to go to the hospital. But, maybe there are some methods of dealing with toxicosis? Maybe outpatient? Thanks a lot.

Answer: Unfortunately, toxicosis is a condition that threatens your health and life, and this condition can also lead to spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Therefore, the local gynecologist can send you to a hospital not only to "relieve himself of responsibility." There are strict indications for hospitalization with toxicosis: persistent vomiting leading to a violation of the water and electrolyte balance, the threat of miscarriage, signs placental insufficiency, functional indicators of the work of the kidneys, the level of blood pressure and indicators of a biochemical blood test. Treatment of toxicosis involves daily monitoring of the dynamics of the process, which is possible only in a hospital setting.

Question:I have a period of 12 weeks, still toxicosis. I eat and do not feel the taste of food. I eat very often, every 1.5-2 hours. Is it normal? There is also nausea and vomiting, vomiting is very rare - once a day. And you get nausea when you're hungry!

Answer: You need to be observed by a gynecologist and pass a general and biochemical blood test, as well as a urine test. In principle, this condition in the absence of vomiting is the norm, however, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of a specialist doctor in order to exclude the occurrence of late preeclampsia.

Question:Please tell me, I have a second pregnancy (almost 7 weeks), very severe toxicosis (vomiting bile, bitterness in the mouth). History of chronic cholecystitis (1 stone). I can't eat anything, and I can't drink either. Is it possible to do i/m cerucal? And how can you stop vomiting bile? Can droppers do with glucose and vitamin C?

Answer: IN this case It is recommended to consult with a gastrologist as soon as possible. Only after the examination and examination, the doctor will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, taking into account your status. Self-medication is contraindicated, because. there may be a threat of termination of pregnancy.

Question:Hello. I am 24 years old, I am 11 weeks pregnant. I have had 3 or more concussions in the past. Now I either have such severe toxicosis with hellish headaches, or these are the consequences of concussions. The head can hurt all day and night without ceasing, so that it is impossible to get up. Tell me, can there be such toskikoz?

Answer: In the presence of severe symptoms of toxicosis, you need to personally visit the attending gynecologist to prescribe adequate treatment. In severe cases, treatment is carried out in a hospital. As a rule, therapeutic measures include: valerian preparations, no-shpu, a complex of trace elements and vitamins, as well as proper organization nutrition (you need to eat in small portions, often, drink more fluids, do not lie down immediately after eating).

Toxicosis is a fairly common condition of pregnant women, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. It occurs due to poisoning with toxins and other harmful substances that are formed in a pregnant woman during the development of the fetus.

It can also lead to the manifestation of many symptoms, the most permanent being disorders of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and metabolism. How long toxicosis lasts during pregnancy, so much the manifestation of symptoms continues.

• The first - the urge to vomit is observed infrequently, up to 5 times. Weight loss is insignificant up to 3 kg;
• The second is vomiting up to 10 times and weight loss can be 3-4 kg over a two-week period, which can lead to a decrease in blood pressure;
• The third is prolonged and frequent bouts of vomiting, reaching up to 25 times a day, there is a significant weight loss - more than 10 kg, the temperature rises and the pulse quickens.

At what time does toxicosis appear?

Many women try to determine the absence or vice versa the presence of pregnancy, and begin to listen to their body, and to every change in it. Not every woman knows exactly when toxicosis can begin during pregnancy. Doctors set the following time frames:

• Early toxicosis can begin in the first days of delay or at 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. And toxicosis ends early by 13-14 weeks, but everything can end earlier, each case is individual.
• Manifestations of late toxicosis begin in the very last trimester of pregnancy, and sometimes in the middle of the second trimester, which is much more dangerous for the fetus and mother.

Signs of toxicosis in pregnant women

Once a child is conceived, the body future mother begins to adjust the rhythm of work for two: the mother herself and the baby. From which, at first, a woman begins to experience discomfort called toxicosis. How to deal with it, you can find out on the forum, where every mom shares her secret.

First of all, a woman shows irritability, increased salivation, loss of appetite, nausea, weakness, drowsiness, changes in taste buds, vomiting, and weight loss. Very rarely, with early toxicosis, one can observe the development of dermatosis, asthma, osteomalacia - softening of the bone substance, tetany - spasmodic manifestations of skeletal muscles. Signs of severe toxicosis appear regardless of who mommy is waiting for: a boy or a girl. Symptoms of toxicosis can also be observed during a frozen pregnancy, which can be distinguished by the absence of fetal movement and heartbeat.

The most dangerous and unpleasant signs of toxicosis, both in the first trimester and in the third.

Gag reflex in pregnancy.

Vomiting is one of the most striking manifestations of toxicosis in late and early pregnancy. Most often, vomiting is active for 20 weeks, and the earlier it starts, the more severe it is. There are several degrees of severity of the gag reflex in a pregnant woman:

1. Mild nausea and a small amount of vomiting, which occurs no more than 5 times a day, usually after meals. The woman's condition is unchanged, weight loss is about 3 kg, but no more.
2. Gagging increases up to 10 times a day, regardless of food intake, and weight loss in 2 weeks can already reach 3 kg or more. The well-being of a pregnant woman worsens significantly: weakness occurs, the pulse rate increases, and blood pressure decreases.
3. There is excessive vomiting, which can reach up to 25 times a day. Such a transient process leads to dehydration of the body and a sharp weight loss (more than 10 kg.). The temperature rises, bad breath appears, the pulse quickens, blood pressure drops and the woman becomes inhibited. In some cases, there may be a violation of the kidneys and with prolonged vomiting, which is already becoming life-threatening for the mother, doctors recommend artificial termination of pregnancy.

Dermatous eruptions.

This is the most unpleasant manifestation of toxicosis at the 13th week of pregnancy, in the form of diffuse itching. skin, it can reach the genitals. This leads to irritability, sleep disturbance and depression.

Dangerous development of tetany and osteomalacia.

Progressive development occurs due to the violations of the exchange of phosphorus and calcium in the body of the expectant mother. Osteomalacia causes softening of the bone tissue, which threatens with bone fractures. Tetany is dangerous with cramps in the muscles of the upper extremities, very rarely observed in the lower extremities and on the face.

Why is there no toxicosis

Women are so accustomed to the idea that toxicosis is a normal course of pregnancy, and its absence began to evoke fear and apprehension. Do not worry, such suspicions are completely unfounded and not dangerous. On the contrary, it means that the expectant mother is absolutely healthy. If there is no toxicosis, this is normal. The body easily adapted to the new rhythm of work, coping well with the loads, it adapted to the new state without the manifestation of nausea, vomiting and violations of its general systems.

The advantageous aspects of "non-toxic" pregnancy are obvious:

• there is no threat of miscarriage, subsequently severe toxicosis;
• timely replenishment of vitamins developing the fetus, which improves its development, without any pathologies;
• excellent mood and well-being, allows you to enjoy the unique state of the body.

Types of toxicosis

• Staphylococcal toxicosis- is activated by enterotoxigenic strains, which, during reproduction, can release heat-resistant exotoxin into food products. An urgent consultation with a doctor, examination and further treatment is necessary.
• Evening toxicosis- after an exhausting and stressful day and without taking enough food, the body becomes exhausted and succumbs to the attack of toxicosis. Toxicosis in the evenings makes it difficult to fall asleep and rest in peace. Have a beneficial effect on the body evening walks, freshly made juice or fruit drink from fresh sour berries.
• Toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy- This is approximately the period from 1 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. Doctors recommend calmly experiencing the symptoms of toxicosis in the first trimester. In the event that the signs intensify, then specialists can prescribe safe soft herbal remedies, which will greatly alleviate the condition of the pregnant woman and reduce intoxication. But it is worth noting that while mommy uses prescribed drugs, she feels great, but when you stop taking these drugs, the signs of toxicosis immediately resume. To reduce toxicosis during pregnancy, you can resort to folk remedies, which will be safer for the baby.
• Late toxicosis during pregnancy- at normal development pregnancy, the re-emergence of toxicosis in the second trimester is excluded. But there are times when late toxicosis causes bouts of vomiting and nausea, if the symptoms increase, then a complication occurs called preeclampsia. It is manifested by swelling, the presence of protein in the urine, high blood pressure and weight gain up to 400 grams per week. The more toxicosis progresses in late pregnancy, the more difficult and dangerous it is for the health of a pregnant woman. But mom, who regularly visits the doctor, will be notified of preeclampsia in time, and hospitalized in time. Treatment is prescribed individually, it all depends on the specific situation and the degree of symptoms.
• Toxicosis before delay- Did you feel nausea immediately after conception? This is not a sign that you are already pregnant. Toxicosis can begin 7-10 days after the development of the fetal egg. But nausea and vomiting may not always occur, on the contrary, many women begin to experience a brutal appetite.

Causes of toxicosis

Why toxicosis occurs during pregnancy is still a mystery and an unexplored phenomenon. In absolute accuracy, it is impossible to say what causes the symptoms of toxicosis in the early and late stages.

But the likelihood of some causes, doctors still distinguish:

1. Changes in the hormonal system. From the first hours of fertilization of an egg in the uterine cavity, a woman experiences cardinal hormonal changes. The composition of hormones changes dramatically, which is reflected in the behavior and health and well-being of a pregnant woman. Against the background of these changes, she becomes irritable, touchy and whiny, nausea is provoked, and her sense of smell is aggravated. In the first months, the fetus for the mother's body is considered a foreign body, which he would like to get rid of, which also affects the well-being of the future mother. But when does toxicosis in pregnant women end? After some time, the level of hormones stabilizes, and the mother's body calmly accepts the embryo, and the fight against toxicosis will stop by the second trimester.
2. Development of the placenta. The likelihood of this theory is quite logical. It was found that toxicosis exhausts the female body in the first trimester, up to about 13-14 weeks. The sharp disappearance of toxicosis is associated with the fact that the placenta is already completing its formation. And now the performance of many functions passes into her duties, this number includes the retention of toxic substances. In the meantime, the process of placental development is not completed, the body of a pregnant woman itself protects itself from possible intoxication by vomiting.
3. Defensive reaction. The refusal of the expectant mother from many products and late toxicosis during pregnancy is nothing more than a natural act of protection. Mommy develops nausea primarily on cigarette smoke, coffee-containing drinks, on fish, meat and eggs. They can be hazardous to health due to the pathogens they contain. The gag reflex and nausea protect the fetus and the mother's body from the ingress of substances harmful and dangerous to them, in which case toxicosis in pregnant women is biologically necessary. In addition to the toxins and poison contained in the food consumed, the development and growth of the embryo is negatively affected by insulin produced after each meal.
4. Chronic infections and diseases. Infections and illnesses that have not been fully cured lead to a weakening of the immune system of a pregnant mother. This can provoke toxicosis in the first trimester, and then what to do? It is necessary to connect the full complex of vitamins at the planning stage, as well as contact a specialist and go through full examination. Then undergo a course of treatment, especially for infections.
5. Psychological changes. Severe toxicosis in the 3rd trimester may begin due to the psychological and emotional state of the mother. Nervous experiences, stress, lack of sleep, emotional upheaval and irritability are the causes of severe toxicosis, leading to nausea and vomiting. According to doctors, late toxicosis develops in women who become pregnant unexpectedly and unplanned. Moreover, many women set themselves up in advance for the fact that all pregnant women have severe toxicosis in the first trimester or in the later stages. And the principle of self-hypnosis is known to all. According to scientists with the onset of pregnancy nervous system undergoes great changes, and the centers of the brain, which are responsible for the work of the sense of smell and the gastrointestinal tract, are currently activated.
6. Age Criteria. Pregnancy that occurs after 30-35 years is considered dangerous, especially if this is the first conception or there have been multiple abortions before. The development of toxicosis can manifest itself much stronger and more risky. Experts say that the younger the expectant mother, the easier it is to endure possible symptoms toxicosis. But this is not in all cases, there are exceptions.
7. Genetic background. The occurrence of toxicosis in the second trimester due to heredity has a greater chance of developing it. In the event that one of previous generation suffered from toxicosis at week 16 or any other period, there is a 70% chance that this problem will not bypass you. The risk of an increase in symptoms increases if a woman has previous pregnancy was toxic.
8. Multiple pregnancy. There is certainly more joy from such news, but there will also be more difficulties in bearing. For example, toxicosis in the second half of pregnancy in a mother with twins manifests itself much more often and more progressively than in a woman with a singleton pregnancy. But for pregnant women who have undergone early toxicosis, the threat of miscarriage is practically not threatened, which is important.

It can also be said with confidence that a healthy woman is less prone to the manifestation of toxicosis during pregnancy than a mother with chronic diseases, infections and leading an unhealthy lifestyle.

What week does toxicosis go away?

All cases associated with toxicosis of the first half of pregnancy and subsequent trimesters are individual, therefore, to accurately answer the question: “When will toxicosis end?”, No one can answer absolutely exactly. Some mothers experience a slight sign of nausea, while others are forced to spend weeks in the hospital in order to overcome toxicosis. The same factor applies to duration, because in pregnant women, toxicosis is observed on different trimesters, but in most cases, toxicosis at week 14 goes away on its own.

Signs of toxicosis can continue until the placenta is formed, and this process ends at about 12 or 14 weeks. After that, the calm course of pregnancy of the second trimester begins. Toxicosis in the third trimester may resume again, then it already has a completely different term - preeclampsia.

There are times when a future mother's toxicosis begins in the last trimester, which is much more dangerous than toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy. With signs of late toxicosis, you should immediately contact a specialist.

How to reduce toxicosis during pregnancy? Folk remedies for toxicosis

What exactly helps with toxicosis and how to alleviate its symptoms can only be determined by the pregnant woman herself, each has its own method of dealing with toxicosis. The main symptoms of toxicosis during pregnancy appear in the morning, because the level of glucose in the blood, in given period time is lowered. If you follow the tips below, then the activity of toxicosis may subside.

How to avoid toxicosis during pregnancy:

• Before you get out of bed, you should eat a small piece of bread, biscuits, or preferably dried fruit. Make mint tea, add a slice of lemon to it and a large number of sugar, which normalizes blood glucose levels. All of these methods will help relieve the symptoms of toxicosis in the early period or in the last trimester, there is no difference.
• You can dissolve a slice of lemon or orange, sour fruits usually smooth out the manifestations of nausea. But for many, on the contrary, toxicosis increases, so you need to listen to your body and check all methods gradually.
• You need to drink only those drinks and juices that are right for you: herbal teas, iced drinks, plain water, vegetable broth.
• Instead of drinks containing a large amount of dyes, you can eat fruits with a high liquid content - melon, watermelon, grapes and ginger, with toxicosis will be the best option. Sometimes you can treat yourself to a serving of ice cream.
• Heavy, spicy and fried foods should be replaced with steamed dishes. Also, light foods in the form of dairy foods, fruits and raw vegetables are less taxing on the stomach and are much healthier.
• It is necessary to divide the meal into several servings and eat smaller amounts of food, but more often. During the day, you can connect crackers, a banana or an apple so that the stomach is not empty. The fight against toxicosis will not be in vain if you do not allow vomiting and nausea to become a habitual manifestation of your body.
• It is not recommended to go to bed immediately after eating. It is worth waiting a few hours before falling asleep or just lying down.
• A proven grandmother's recipe for toxicosis during pregnancy is a spoonful of honey at the beginning of the first symptoms of toxicosis.

Nutrition for toxicosis of pregnant women

So how to make up the diet of the expectant mother, with toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy? The erroneous opinion of many is to limit oneself in food, the less we eat, the less nausea and vomiting. First, it is in the initial months that the embryo needs various trace elements and vitamins. Secondly, even the shortest diet, which is aimed at eating only one product, can soon cause an allergic reaction, both in mommy and in the fetus.

Therefore, it is important to draw up a balanced diet during this period ^

• From the very beginning of toxicosis, it is necessary to exclude exactly those products that cause nausea. These are mostly dairy products.
• And what foods are needed, despite the progression of nausea and vomiting? To replenish minerals - sodium and chlorine - table salt is recommended, but in moderation. Therefore, salted fish and cucumbers will even be useful during this period, but do not forget about the measure, especially for women with chronic kidney diseases.
• The menu for toxicosis in late pregnancy is significantly different. First of all, it is important to remember the enemy of the last trimester of pregnancy - salt. Therefore, refrain from taking herring and cucumbers, this can provoke fluid retention in the body. And less salt in all dishes.

The best prevention for late toxicosis is moderate food intake. The most unloved products for the body in this period are smoked meats, pickles and marinades. Therefore, it is very important to follow a healthy and healthy diet before late toxicosis begins.

Protein plays important role with late toxicosis, and a lack of protein leads to its decrease in the blood. In this connection, it is recommended to add to the diet healthy eating boiled fish, cottage cheese and boiled lean meat.

Treatment of toxicosis

There are many remedies for toxemia, and some only reduce the symptoms, while others fight it. But it is worth taking into account that not all drugs for toxicosis are safe and effective.

• Treatment of toxicosis with medical method . In the fight against toxicosis, among a wide range of drugs used, only valerian, nosh-pa and trace elements are among the harmless means. But in some situations, the use of more serious drugs is simply necessary for the health of the mother and child, if inactive, a miscarriage may occur. Drug treatment of early and late toxicosis should be comprehensive and include various drugs: enterosgel, Essentiale, cerucal and many others.
• Immunocytotherapy is a modern invasive method of treatment. The principle of its action is as follows: the husband's lymphocytes are injected into the skin of the forearm of a pregnant woman. Relief of symptoms of toxicosis occurs after 24 hours. This method of treatment requires a thorough examination of the father for infections. It is important to know that immunocytotherapy can be dangerous, as it increases the risk of contracting hepatitis and other infections.
• Homeopathic method of treatment. This type the fight against toxicosis is considered the safest and most effective. Homeopathy allows you to select individual preparations that can treat not only the female body, but also the children. Side effects and overdose are excluded, and addiction does not occur from the drugs used.
• aromatherapy has been used since ancient times and has a beneficial effect on the well-being of a pregnant woman. So, for example, during the morning exacerbation of toxicosis, you can drip a couple of drops essential oil peppermint on a handkerchief and put next to you. If you do this procedure for several nights in a row, the result will not be long in coming.

You can carry ginger oil with you and at the moment when an attack of nausea worsens, you need to drop ginger oil on your palms, rub well and bring your palms to your nose, and make deep breath. You can also carry out steam inhalation, they reduce the urge to vomit.

For preventive purposes, every morning it is necessary to rub the oil solution into the umbilical region: one drop of ginger is added to a dessert spoon of vegetable oil.

In addition to the above methods of treating toxicosis, phytotherapy is also used, and someone prefers unusual methods: acupuncture, hypnosis, electrosleep, and others.

You should not set yourself up for the fact that the manifestations of toxicosis during pregnancy will not let you through. Tell yourself more often: “Everything will be fine, both with me and with the child!”

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