Toxicosis in pregnant women and how to deal with it. Late toxicosis of pregnancy. How to get rid of toxicosis in early pregnancy without the use of drugs

Despite numerous studies, the causes of toxicosis are still unknown. Vomiting of pregnant women is associated with poisoning of the body with toxic metabolic products. It is also believed that it may be associated with the effect on the maternal organism of "alien" (daddy's) particles of the fetus. It is possible that psychogenic factors (negative emotions, fear of pregnancy and childbirth) have a significant impact on the appearance of early toxicosis. Important role in the development of the disease play disturbances in the relationship of the central nervous system and internal organs.

Who is more likely to develop early toxicosis? In women with chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract, liver, asthenic syndrome.

What is early toxicosis? As a rule, it is nausea, vomiting, salivation (ptyalism), less often - dermatosis, jaundice of pregnant women (hepatopathy).

At normal course pregnancy, nausea and vomiting can be no more than 2-3 times a day in the morning, more often on an empty stomach. Wherein general state women are not getting worse. As a rule, by 12-13 weeks, nausea and vomiting stop.

If vomiting occurs more than three times a day, if appetite decreases, taste and smell sensations change, if salivation reaches a liter per day, if body weight decreases, then this is early toxicosis. There are mild, moderate and severe toxicosis. The degree of its severity is determined by the combination of vomiting with disorders metabolic processes, changes in the function of the most important organs and systems.

What to do? In this situation, you should consult with your doctor, who will definitely refer you for a clinical examination ( general analysis blood and urine, biochemical tests) and prescribe treatment.

Treatment of pregnant women with toxicosis mild degree can be performed on an outpatient basis, in more severe forms - in a hospital. Considering short term pregnancy to rule out harmful influence non-drug methods of treatment are often used on the fetus: physiotherapy, herbal and aromatherapy, acupuncture, hypnosis.

Immunocytotherapy is considered an effective method of treating early toxicosis. It consists in the fact that a pregnant woman is injected into the skin of her forearm with lymphocytes (blood cells) of her husband. Before conducting immunocytotherapy, it is necessary to examine a man for infections (hepatitis B and C, HIV, Wasserman reaction). Improving the well-being of a pregnant woman occurs, as a rule, after 24 hours.

What can you do? Stubbornness and faith that everything will be fine will help you deal with all the difficulties of pregnancy. You can also offer some useful tips.

During this period, eat whatever you want. It is recommended to diversify the food at will. However, it should be easily digestible and contain a large number of vitamins.
Eat small meals every 2-3 hours. Frequent chewing (salty crackers, nuts, dried fruits, lemon) helps a lot with nausea.
Food should be chilled or slightly warmed up.
You need to eat ... lying down.
Dry eating: food separately, drinks by themselves. The diet must contain alkaline mineral water.
When drooling, it is good to rinse your mouth with infusion of chamomile, sage, mint.

Drug treatment for early toxicosis should be comprehensive. Drugs are used that regulate the function of the central nervous system and block the gag reflex, intravenous agents that replenish the loss of fluid, minerals and replace normal nutrition. Complex therapy diseases continue until the general condition is completely normalized.

How dangerous is early toxicosis? With mild and moderate The prognosis is usually favorable. Treatment is required. Excessive vomiting of pregnant women raises the question of the advisability of maintaining pregnancy, since such a condition threatens the health of a woman.

A few words about the rarer forms of toxicosis.

Dermatoses (pruritus, eczema) occur at various stages of pregnancy and disappear with it. Itching may be limited to small area skin or spread throughout the body, causing insomnia, irritability. In this case, it is always necessary to exclude other diseases accompanied by skin itching. Your doctor will help you with this.

Benign jaundice in pregnancy(cholestatic hepatosis) in the vast majority develops in the second half of pregnancy, rarely in the early stages. It is believed that an excess of sex hormones during pregnancy causes increased bile production. At the same time, bile secretion is inhibited. This is a benign disease. The prognosis is favorable. But, since under the mask of benign jaundice, more serious disease, dynamic medical supervision is necessary.

In the vast majority of cases, modern therapeutic methods and means help a woman overcome all the troubles associated with early toxicosis. The main thing is not to doubt that all this is temporary difficulties, and the day will come when your baby will “behave” well.

Toxicosis of pregnant women is a concept that unites a group of gestational complications associated with development gestational sac and disappearing after childbirth or termination of pregnancy. Doctors associate the development of toxicosis of pregnant women with a violation of adaptive processes in a woman's body for pregnancy. Toxicosis is expressed by impaired functioning various systems and organs.

In medicine, early toxicosis, late toxicosis (preeclampsia) and rare forms of the considered complications are distinguished.

Table of contents:

Early toxicosis of pregnant women

This concept refers to gestational complications that develop in the first trimester (up to 12-13 weeks). It is early toxicosis that is most often diagnosed in pregnant women, but, as a rule, all uncomfortable / unpleasant sensations with such a complication disappear without a trace and do not pose a threat to the fetus or the woman herself.

Reasons for the development of early toxicosis

In the course of studies of the complication under consideration, it was concluded that several factors can become the reasons for its development:

All these factors can be in every pregnant woman, and which of them will play a major role does not matter. Doctors noted that early toxicosis is severe in women with aggravated somatic status, that is, they have a history of nephritis, and / duodenal ulcer. With almost 100% certainty, doctors predict the appearance of early toxicosis in pregnant women who have had abortions, have a history of chronic diseases female reproductive system (,).

Symptoms of early toxicosis of pregnant women

by the most characteristic features early toxicosis, which appear at 5-6 weeks of gestation, are considered to be a sudden change in taste and olfactory perceptions, drowsiness, lethargy and loss of appetite. The doctor can objectively determine weight loss, lowering blood pressure, an increase in azotemia in the blood, the appearance of acetone in the urine and electrolyte disturbances. . Depending on how pronounced vomiting is, doctors distinguish several degrees of early toxicosis:

Note:a severe degree of early toxicosis leads to hemorrhages in the conjunctiva, increased heart rate up to 120 beats per minute, and hypotension, the general condition of the pregnant woman worsens. In this case, the gynecologist will insist on hospitalization of the pregnant woman.

Diagnosis of early toxicosis of pregnant women

The considered type of gestational complication of pregnant women is revealed by analyzing the woman's complaints, based on objective data and the results of additional examinations. A gynecologist examines a woman on a chair and conducts, which helps to make sure that there is a fetal egg in the uterus, determine the gestational age and make sure normal development fetus.

If a pregnant woman makes complaints characteristic of early toxicosis, then she must be carried out, and.

Treatment of early toxicosis of pregnant women

A mild degree of early toxicosis of pregnant women does not require hospitalization, but some methods for improving a woman's well-being still need to be applied. Usually everything is limited to taking (or motherwort infusion), vitamins and antiemetics (cerucal). If the type of gestational complication under consideration is accompanied by profuse salivation, then the doctor may recommend rinsing oral cavity infusions of chamomile, and (these plants have tanning properties). To reduce the intensity of nausea and vomiting, it is necessary to correct the nutrition of a pregnant woman - it should be fractional, food should be easily digestible, and food should be taken in small portions.

Note: any drugs and infusions of sedative herbs are prescribed to a pregnant woman only by a gynecologist. An independent choice of treatment for early toxicosis is fraught with complications of pregnancy.

At moderate degree early toxicosis, the treatment of a pregnant woman is carried out in a hospital, where she is prescribed infusion therapy - intravenous administration of Disol / Acesol / Trisol ( saline solutions), glucose, hepatoprotectors, vitamins and protein preparations. To stop the attacks of vomiting, the woman is shown the use of neuroleptic drugs, great effect observed during physiotherapy - for example, electrophoresis, electrosleep, acupuncture.

A severe degree of early toxicosis of pregnant women is a critical condition, therefore, the treatment of such patients is carried out in intensive care units under constant monitoring of hemodynamic and laboratory parameters. Treatment is reduced to infusions of solutions in a volume of at least three liters, the introduction of neuroleptics, hepatoprotectors, antiemetics.

Note:a severe degree of early toxicosis can result in a coma and death of a woman, therefore, most often in this case, doctors carry out artificial termination of pregnancy by medical indicators. Often happens and spontaneous interruption pregnancy.

Early toxicosis, in most cases, is considered normal if it proceeds in mild to moderate severity. More often unpleasant symptoms of the phenomenon under consideration disappear after 12-13 weeks of pregnancy, and if this does not happen, then the gynecologist will conduct a full examination of the patient in order to exclude hepatitis, pancreatitis, hepatosis and cystic mole.

Late toxicosis of pregnant women (gestosis)

Late toxicosis, or gestosis, of pregnant women is called a complication of pregnancy in the third trimester, which is characterized by the development of deep disturbances in the vital important organs and systems. Late toxicosis begins its development after 18-20 weeks of pregnancy, but it is diagnosed only at 26-28 weeks of pregnancy.

Causes of late toxicosis

Modern gynecology has several theories about the causes of the development of this type of gestational complication of pregnancy, so this condition is often called the “disease of theories”. Let's highlight the most popular opinions:

Hormonal disorders. There is a violation of the regulation of vital functions, which leads to an immunological conflict between the fetus and the mother.
Corticovisceral theory. During pregnancy, failures in the relationship between the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain can occur, and this provokes reflex changes in the vessels and the circulatory system.
Generalized vasospasm. This leads to a violation of the blood supply to organs and tissues, increases arterial pressure, the total volume of blood that circulates in the vascular bed decreases.
Damage to the inner lining of blood vessels. This violation leads to oxygen starvation brain, kidney and liver cells.

Symptoms of preeclampsia (late toxicosis)

The very first manifestation of this type of gestational complication is dropsy, which is characterized by fluid retention in the body and the appearance of persistent edema. At first, they may be hidden and they can be detected only after studying the graph of an increase in the body weight of a pregnant woman, but after the swelling becomes obvious, pronounced, the doctor classifies the stages of dropsy:

1 stage- edema applies only to the lower limbs, and specifically - covers the shins and feet;
2 stage- edema is present both on the lower extremities and on the anterior abdominal wall of the abdomen;
3 stages of dropsy- edema is present on the lower and upper limbs, face and abdomen;
4 herd ia - edema acquires a universal, generalized character.

Note:with dropsy, the general well-being of a pregnant woman, as a rule, is not disturbed. But if the edema is pronounced, then the patient will complain of increased fatigue, thirst and a feeling of heaviness in the legs.

After a pregnant woman has developed, nephropathy may occur, which will be characterized by a combination of three symptoms - edema, hypertension and proteinuria (the appearance of protein in the urine). Even if only two of the listed symptoms are present, the doctor will make a diagnosis of pregnancy nephropathy. It is worth noting that in pregnant women in the third trimester it will not be stable, but undulating. To track these jumps, you need to compare the pressure indicators of the first months of pregnancy and the current period of bearing a child.

Note:development dangerous complications with gestosis (for example, premature detachment placenta, bleeding or fetal death) is often provoked not by high blood pressure, but by its fluctuations.

The prognosis of pregnancy with nephropathy is very variable. Combined forms of late toxicosis significantly worsen the prognosis - for example, if a woman develops nephropathy against the background of previously diagnosed nephritis. A long course of nephropathy can go into the next stage of development of late toxicosis - preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia characterized by circulatory disorders of the central nervous system. Symptoms of preeclampsia will be not only manifestations of nephropathy, but also nausea and vomiting. There are memory impairments, lethargy, indifference to the outside world and close people, visual impairment, pain in the epigastric region.

There are a number of indicators that will indicate the development of preeclampsia of late toxicosis of pregnant women:

blood pressure - 160/110 and above;
diuresis - less than 400 ml;
nausea and vomiting;
the amount of protein in the urine - 5 grams or more per day;
disorders of brain activity;
visual disturbances;
decrease in platelets in the blood;
disruption of the liver;
decrease in blood clotting.

The development of a seizure in eclampsia can be triggered by any external stimulus - for example, sharp pain, bright light, stress, or loud sound. The duration of an attack of convulsions is 1-2 minutes, it begins with twitching of the muscles of the eyelids, face, and then spreads to the muscles of the upper / lower extremities and the whole body. The gaze of a pregnant woman at the time of a convulsive seizure freezes, the pupils roll back, the corners of the mouth drop, and the fingers are clenched into fists.

After 30 seconds from the onset of an attack of eclamptic convulsions, a woman begins tonic convulsions - the pregnant woman's body tenses and stretches, the spine arches, the head throws back, the jaws are tightly compressed, the skin becomes bluish. Since the respiratory organs are involved during an attack, this activity is disturbed and consciousness is lost.

Note:just at the moment of loss of consciousness in a pregnant woman who is in a convulsive seizure against the background of eclampsia, hemorrhage in the brain and rapid death can occur.

10-20 seconds after tonic convulsions, clonic convulsions begin to develop - the woman literally convulses, continuously moving her arms and legs, as if bouncing in bed. Such convulsions last a maximum of one and a half minutes, and then hoarse breathing appears, with the release of foam from the mouth.

Important:after the seizure ends, the pregnant woman remembers nothing about it, feels severe weakness and headache. Any irritant, including injections medicines, can provoke the onset of a new attack.

Non-convulsive eclampsia is considered a very dangerous condition - a coma develops suddenly against the background of high blood pressure. similar view Eclampsia is characterized by extensive cerebral hemorrhage and death of the woman.

Diagnostic measures

When diagnosing the type of gestational complication under consideration, the gynecologist takes into account the complaints of the woman, draws attention to her appearance(it is just possible to identify edema) and is guided by the results of examinations. To determine the degree of late toxicosis, a pregnant woman is sent for blood and urine tests, she is also examined by an ophthalmologist.

If there are suspicions of the development of preeclampsia (late toxicosis), then be sure to carry out ultrasonography and dopplerography - this will help assess the condition of the fetus and placental blood flow.

Treatment of late toxicosis (gestosis)

Treatment of gestosis in the conditions of outpatient management of a pregnant woman is allowed only with its mild course, in all other cases the woman is hospitalized in institutions where there is an intensive care unit and everything necessary for urgent delivery.

The goal of the treatment of preeclampsia is to normalize the functioning of the central nervous system, stabilize metabolic processes, and normalize blood pressure indicators. The duration of therapy for late toxicosis depends only on the intensity of its manifestation.

Note: independent childbirth at severe toxicosis pregnant women are allowed only if the condition of the woman in labor is satisfactory, the therapy has been effective, there are no violations prenatal development fetus. Even a slight negative trend is an indication for operative delivery.

Rare toxicosis of pregnant women

If speak about rare forms toxicosis of pregnant women, it is worth highlighting a few of the most pronounced.

Dermatoses of pregnant women

Arise in the background hormonal disorders, "failures" of metabolic processes and an imbalance between the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain. Similar toxicoses appear almost immediately after conception, disappear after childbirth.

Dermatoses of pregnant women are manifested by erythema, and herpetic eruptions. They do not pose any danger to the life of the mother and fetus, but treatment is necessary, as this will alleviate the condition of the woman.

As part of measures aimed at getting rid of this form of a rare gestational complication, a diet with restriction of proteins and fats is prescribed. Of the drugs, those that are able to normalize metabolism will be effective.

Jaundice in pregnancy

Most often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, but it can also accompany early toxicosis, which is difficult. When it appears in pregnant women, the doctor must necessarily conduct an examination of the woman in order to differentiate the condition under consideration from pathological lesions of the liver and / or biliary tract.

Treatment of jaundice in pregnancy consists in the appointment of a balanced diet and the use of certain medications - for example, cholestyramine or nerabol. It is allowed to use antihistamines and phenobarbital in the treatment of jaundice of pregnant women, and if clinical manifestations considered form of gestational complications are increasing, and even accompanied by a severe course of early or late toxicosis, then the woman will be shown termination of pregnancy.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Extremely dangerous state, which develops at 33-40 weeks of gestation. It always begins acutely, in almost all cases it ends with the death of the fetus or the woman herself.

Treatment of acute fatty hepatosis of pregnant women involves immediate termination of pregnancy, detoxification therapy and the introduction of protein / lipotropic agents.

Chorea pregnant

This form is associated with a violation of calcium metabolism, which occurs due to hypofunction of the parathyroid glands. The chorea of pregnant women is manifested by convulsive twitching of the muscles of the upper / lower extremities. Most often this form rare toxicosis occurs in women with a history of rheumatic fever.

Chorea of pregnant women is treated in a hospital, a woman is prescribed sedative drugs and drugs that can normalize calcium metabolism (vitamins D, E and calcium gluconate).

Osteomalacia

This is an extremely rare form of toxicosis of pregnant women, due to its development by decalcification of bones and their softening. Most often, the pelvic bones and spine are affected, this process is accompanied by severe pain and deformity of the affected bones.

Treatment of osteomalacia in pregnant women consists in conducting therapy aimed at normalizing phosphorus-calcium metabolism.

Toxicosis of pregnant women is a violation in the body that is associated with the onset of conception. Doctors aim not only to alleviate the condition of the woman, but also to preserve the normal intrauterine development of the fetus. Regardless of what type of toxicosis develops in a pregnant woman and how severe it is, the woman should be under the supervision of a gynecologist, and in most cases - in hospital treatment.

Tsygankova Yana Alexandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

State budget educational institution

Secondary vocational education

Medical College No. 4

Moscow Department of Health

Abstract on the topic:

"Early toxicosis of pregnant women"

Performed:

Student 302 group

Mammadova Aishan

Early toxicosis of pregnant women (toxicosis in early pregnancy)

Early toxicosis of pregnant women (synonym - early gestosis)- this is a common pathology that develops in the first trimester of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks) due to neuroendocrine disorders in the body of a pregnant woman.

To date, there are many theories explaining the causes of toxicosis on early dates pregnancy. The essence of all these theories boils down to the fact that with the onset of pregnancy, physiological changes occur in the body of a woman, which are regulated by nervous system and hormones. Hormones are produced by the placenta and endocrine glands (pituitary gland, thyroid gland, gonads, etc.). Early toxicosis occurs mainly due to failures in the regulation of the neuroendocrine system. Because of this, the body of a pregnant woman cannot normally adapt to the pregnancy that has arisen and toxicosis develops. That is why gynecologists call toxicosis “adaptation disease”.

Causes of early toxicosis of pregnant women

The provoking factors leading to the development of early toxicosis during pregnancy include:

Chronic diseases of the digestive system, kidney disease;

Stress, increased nervous irritability, depression;

hereditary predisposition;

High blood pressure

Obesity.

Symptoms of early toxicosis of pregnant women

Symptoms of early toxicosis of pregnant women often appear after a woman finds out about her pregnancy, at about 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. The most persistent symptoms are nausea, vomiting, and excessive salivation. According to various estimates, about 60% of pregnant women have similar symptoms in early pregnancy.

Depending on the severity of the vomiting symptom, 3 degrees of severity of toxicosis are distinguished:

mild degree of early toxicosis of pregnant women - vomiting up to 5 times a day,

early toxicosis of pregnant women of moderate severity - vomiting up to 10 times a day,

severe early toxicosis of pregnant women - indomitable vomiting up to 25 times a day.

With any degree of early toxicosis of pregnant women, a decrease in the weight of the pregnant woman is observed, with moderate and severe degrees, blood pressure decreases, the pulse rises, drowsiness, weakness, and irritability occur. Most pregnant women with toxicosis complain of reduced appetite, even the smell of food causes a gag reflex. Excessive salivation leads to dehydration, the skin becomes flabby and dry.

At the first signs of toxicosis, it is urgent to contact an obstetrician-gynecologist. A severe form of toxicosis poses a threat to the life of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

Diagnosis of early toxicosis of pregnant women

The diagnosis does not present certain difficulties and is based on the complaints of the pregnant woman. In order for the doctor to be able to assess the severity of toxicosis and prescribe adequate treatment, it is necessary to pass tests:

Clinical and biochemical analysis of blood;

General urine analysis.

With a mild degree of early toxicosis, all tests should be within the normal range.

With moderate toxicosis, the level of hemoglobin, leukocytes and hematocrit slightly increases. Due to the disturbed water and electrolyte balance, hyperkalemia and hyponatremia are observed. Acetone is determined in the urine, the relative density of urine increases.

In severe early toxicosis of pregnant women, laboratory tests show significant deviations from the norm. In the blood test, in addition to increasing hemoglobin, hematocrit and leukocytes, the amount of total protein, glucose and ESR decreases; the content of urea, creatinine, ALT and AST increases. In urine, protein, acetone and ketone bodies.

Treatment of early toxicosis of pregnant women

With a mild form of early toxicosis of pregnant women, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, with a moderate and severe degree of the disease, hospitalization of the pregnant woman is indicated. Accordingly, the treatment of toxicosis will vary depending on the severity.

With a mild degree of toxicosis, a pregnant woman first of all needs psychological and physical rest. Sedatives are prescribed - tincture of motherwort or valerian (25 drops 3 times a day), vitamins, hepatoprotectors (Hofitol, Essentiale) and antiemetic therapy (Cerukal). In most cases drug treatment this is limited and the woman's well-being improves significantly.

With moderate toxicosis in a hospital, a pregnant woman is given infusion therapy with a glucose solution in combination with antiemetics, hepatoprotectors, vitamins and sedative treatment.

Treatment of severe forms of toxicosis is carried out in the intensive care unit under strict control of hemodynamic parameters and laboratory tests. Antiemetics, infusion therapy in a volume of up to 3 liters, hepatoprotectors and vitamins are administered intravenously. If, despite the ongoing treatment, the condition of the pregnant woman does not improve, then termination of pregnancy is indicated due to increasing multiple organ failure.

How to get rid of toxicosis during pregnancy

Features of nutrition and lifestyle of a pregnant woman with toxicosis is a whole science! With strict adherence to all recommendations, you can successfully get rid of toxicosis or prevent its occurrence without taking any drugs.

Nutrition, diet for early toxicosis of pregnant women

A pregnant woman is recommended to stick to a diet - eat often and little by little - 5-6 times a day. Food should be warm, not cold and not too hot. It is recommended to temporarily exclude from the diet spicy, sour, fried food, as well as carbonated drinks, as this can cause nausea and vomiting. This is especially true for pregnant women with chronic diseases of the digestive system.

If nausea and vomiting are still bothering, a dry diet is recommended - a hard-boiled egg, a baked potato with butter, a sandwich with butter, and so on. Try to consume more dairy products, vegetables, fruits, fish dishes and boiled meat.

You can relieve nausea in the morning by sucking on a rye cracker, and only then get out of bed. Drink mineral water in small sips throughout the day.

In addition to nutrition, daily walks are recommended. fresh air at least an hour. Night sleep should be at least 8 hours a day. If during the day you want to sleep - it is better to lie down, relax. And, as already mentioned, it is recommended, if possible, to limit the psychological and physical stress on the body.

Physiotherapy for early toxicosis of pregnant women

Regardless of the severity of toxicosis, in the active stage of the disease and during the rehabilitation period, physiotherapeutic procedures are useful - endonasal electrophoresis with B vitamins, galvanization of the brain with a course of 8-10 procedures.

Non-traditional means of treatment of early toxicosis of pregnant women

Of the non-traditional methods of treatment for toxicosis, acupuncture and Chinese medicine are used. acupressure. Particularly good unconventional methods acts on pregnant women in whom toxicosis is due to psychological causes.

Folk remedies for the treatment of early toxicosis of pregnant women

Folk remedies are very effective for toxicosis of pregnant women, especially with mild manifestations of the disease. The most effective for toxicosis are infusions of chamomile, mint and lemon balm. 2 tablespoons of pharmaceutical chamomile are poured with boiling water (about half a liter) and left overnight in a thermos. In the morning, filter and take 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Melissa and mint are also brewed and used in the same way. You can add a spoonful of honey and lemon to the infusion. In the summer, when there is fresh mint or lemon balm, you can carry a few leaves with you and chew them to relieve nausea.

If the attacks of toxicosis are very pronounced, you should not experiment with folk remedies, it is more advisable to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist. In addition, prolonged and excessive “leaning” on herbs can lower blood pressure.

Complications of early toxicosis:

Multiple organ failure, which in case of untimely termination of pregnancy can lead to death;

Untimely treatment of early toxicosis can provoke the development of late gestosis at the end of pregnancy and placental abruption.

Prevention of early toxicosis of pregnant women

Prevention of toxicosis should be carried out before pregnancy, it includes:

Timely treatment of chronic diseases that provoke toxicosis;

Rejection of abortion;

Healthy lifestyle;

Psychophysical preparation for the upcoming pregnancy.

Early toxicosis during pregnancy is a woman's health disorder associated with the adaptation of her body to bearing a fetus.

Toxicosis in the early stages is experienced by 6 out of 10 women, but gynecologists do not always consider this condition to be a disease that necessarily requires treatment. Early toxicosis of pregnant women still does not have a clear established causes and there is no way to prevent it. The absence of early toxicosis also does not indicate any pathology, some women do not experience it at all.

Causes of early toxicosis

The causes of early toxicosis during pregnancy have not yet been fully studied, they are trying to explain it with several theories, but all researchers agree on only one thing, it is the presence of a fetus in the uterus that causes pregnancy symptoms in the early stages. Removal of the fetal egg leads to an instant cessation of complaints.

Most likely, the causes of early toxicosis of pregnant women are due to neuro-reflex shifts at the level of the diencephalic region of the brain, the discoordination of the processes of excitation and inhibition in which occurs due to a violation of neuro-reflex impulses due to the embryo developing in the uterus and rapidly progressive ingrowth of chorionic villi into the endometrium.

It is known that after the end of the formation of the placenta by 11-13 weeks, the unpleasant first symptoms during pregnancy subside, and the condition of the pregnant woman returns to normal.

Signs of early toxicosis

Toxicosis in early pregnancy, the treatment of which requires medical intervention must pose a threat to the woman's health.

Signs of pregnancy in the early stages due to gastroenterological discomfort must be distinguished from the present early toxicosis of pregnancy, which is a serious functional disorder nervous system that occurs in response to the presence of a fetal egg.

How does early toxicosis manifest itself?

Early toxicosis pregnant women can have a wide variety of symptoms, but nausea, heartburn are the leading manifestations in the vast majority of women. In the early stages, vomiting, dizziness and nausea during pregnancy are the most common forms of toxicosis, salivation is quite common, and other, rare signs of early toxicosis, such as dermatosis, pruritus, osteomalacia or bronchial asthma, are much less common.

Pregnancy vomiting occurs in 6 out of 10 women, but only 10% of them are treated. Heartburn and nausea are considered by doctors only as natural symptoms during pregnancy, and pregnant women are given only recommendations on the regimen and nutrition.

Vomiting is graded according to severity, there are three of them in total. The timing is important when nausea during pregnancy, vomiting, and other signs of early toxicosis appear, the earlier, the more severe course vomit takes.

1 severity
Vomiting and nausea occur after meals, up to 5 times a day, a pregnant woman can lose up to 3 kg of body weight. Despite the general disturbance of health, loss of appetite, her condition remains relatively satisfactory. The skin remains moist, pulse and blood pressure are within normal limits. How to deal with early toxicosis during pregnancy with such manifestations - of course, without drugs. Obstetricians do not treat this, you need to try to survive the troubles of the first trimester, using only folk remedies for early toxicosis.

2 severity
Severe nausea during pregnancy occurs already in the first days and quickly develops into vomiting, which occurs regardless of food intake, up to 10 times a day. May be slight temperature, acetone is found in the urine of half of the pregnant women, the pressure decreases, the pulse accelerates to 100 per minute, the general condition of the woman is severely impaired, many have thoughts about terminating the pregnancy, it is so hard to endure. Starting from the second degree of severity, toxicosis on early stage pregnancy is subject to medical treatment.

3 severity
This is already a life-threatening condition for a pregnant woman, excessive vomiting. It repeats up to 25 times a day, and can be triggered even by movement. The pregnant woman does not want to move, lies all the time, cannot sleep, food and water are not retained, vomiting immediately occurs, and a loss of up to 10 kg of body weight is possible. The skin and tongue become dry, the temperature rises, the pulse rises to 120 per minute, and the blood pressure is low. Acetone is found in the urine in all women, there is often protein, hemoglobin is increased, there are changes in biochemical analysis blood.

When does early toxicosis begin and end?

Early toxicosis begins in most cases already from 5-6 weeks of pregnancy, some are not particularly happy women may feel the first symptoms even before the delay of menstruation. This earliest toxicosis is associated with a woman's high sensitivity to pregnancy hormones and proceeds very hard in the future.

The timing when early toxicosis ends depends on the severity of its course and what kind of pregnancy you have, singleton or multiple. With a singleton pregnancy, early toxicosis lasts up to 11-12 weeks, and with a multiple pregnancy, it disappears by the 14-16th week of pregnancy.

Treatment of early toxicosis

With a mild degree of nausea and vomiting, treatment of early toxicosis of pregnancy is carried out on an outpatient basis, with a moderate and even more severe degree, hospitalization may be required. It often happens that the very fact of excluding a pregnant woman from a stressful situation at home and at work already leads to an improvement in her condition.

Nutrition in the treatment of early toxemia of pregnant women is of great importance, the correct use of food in itself can reduce nausea during pregnancy. You need to eat in small portions, every 2 hours, lying down, food should be chilled, mineral water is shown, alkaline and not carbonated.

Toxicosis in the early stages, treatment

The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by the fact that the fetus is vulnerable, and many drugs can adversely affect its development, this limits the range of drugs used. Of course, you can’t prescribe anything yourself without consulting a doctor, how to alleviate early toxicosis should be decided only with his help.

The most commonly prescribed drugs:

Cerucal (metoclopromide) refers to anemetics, it is prescribed in extreme cases, with indomitable vomiting of pregnant women due to the ability to increase the tone of the uterus and thereby provoke miscarriages. In general, this drug is prohibited in the first trimester, and only in exceptional cases can you be prescribed it.

Torekan, has a similar effect to cerucal and is also prescribed for health reasons.

Hofitol, this herbal remedy, which is an artichoke extract. The drug has an antioxidant effect and improves liver function, which can significantly remove nausea during pregnancy.

B vitamins. During pregnancy, the need for B vitamins increases by 40%, they are an active participant in many metabolic processes in the mother's body and are needed developing fetus. With their shortage, nausea in early pregnancy is more pronounced, and their appointment reduces the unpleasant symptoms of toxicosis. However, the use of injectable forms increases the risk of developing an allergy to these drugs.

Droperidol, a drug that acts directly on the nervous system of the mother, can be used only when absolutely necessary. Although no teratogenic effect on the fetus has been identified, this medicine is still considered to be prescribed only when the benefit to the mother outweighs the risks to the fetus.

Diphenhydramine, pipolfen. These drugs are usually prescribed for allergic reactions, however, due to their sedative, calming effect and normalization of work immune system they help with nausea during pregnancy. It must be warned that these drugs should also not be prescribed to everyone in a row, and are indicated in the first trimester only with an obvious benefit to the mother that outweighs the risk to the fetus.

Herbal teas and herbal infusions. Herbs for early toxicosis help to safely relieve nausea during pregnancy, and can be used independently by the expectant mother, even if she is just worried about nausea and heartburn during pregnancy. However, what to do with early toxicosis specifically, which herbs to drink, also needs to be agreed with the doctor, since many of them are dangerous during pregnancy, we wrote about this.

Splenin, is a drug that is made from the spleens of cattle. Nausea during pregnancy in the treatment of splenin is reduced by normalizing nitrogen metabolism and improving liver function.

Polyphepan, it is an adsorbent that collects toxins in the stomach and intestines. Everything would be fine, but at the same time, the necessary, useful substances are also removed.

As you can see, any drug treatment, all pills for nausea during pregnancy, injections have negative side and carry some risk. So, you need to try to do without them. Only herbs are relatively safe and help fight early toxicosis without risk.

Often, all treatment in a hospital is limited to infusions of glucose and ascorbic acid, and this is correct, although it does not allow you to completely get rid of early toxicosis.

And most importantly, don't forget early nausea during pregnancy, it’s more of an indicator that everything is fine with you and going according to plan. Your pregnancy is progressing and soon you will become a mother. Already by 11-13 weeks you will enjoy your condition, and what is happening now, you just need to try to survive.

The waiting time for a baby is joyful, however, it does not always bring only positive emotions. Early toxicosis during pregnancy is observed in many women . It is manifested by bouts of nausea, in some cases vomiting and increased secretion of the salivary glands.

The most significant period of pregnancy is considered to be the first trimester. At this time, the embryo is strengthened in the uterus, it develops, and the internal organs of the baby are also formed. The well-being of the expectant mother depends on how long early toxicosis lasts, which is important for the intrauterine development of the child.

Most women are trying to discover the fact of conception in themselves on the basis of signs that accompany the period when early toxicosis begins. They believe that the development or absence of certain symptoms indicates the presence of pregnancy. However, not every future mom feels early toxicosis.

Doctors have established next dates this condition accompanying gestation:

initial signs occur in the first days after fertilization or at 5-6 weeks;
early toxicosis often ends by the end of the first trimester, when milestone bookmarks of all organ systems of the unborn baby, but it can last up to 13-15 weeks, which depends on individual features course of pregnancy.

Causes of early toxicosis

Unequivocal explanations why some women develop toxicosis on early stages, obstetrician-gynecologists do not exist. It can only be stated with accuracy that intoxication at the beginning of pregnancy indicates a pathological response of the maternal organism to developing embryo that is perceived by the body as a foreign substance.

Scientists and physicians have formulated several theories that suggest possible reasons the occurrence of toxicosis:

Nervous reflex- the hypothesis says that an imbalance occurs between the nervous system and internal organs. In the subcortical structure, the olfactory and vomiting centers are located, which intensify their work to preserve the embryo. This is a subconscious reaction of the body, originating from ancient times.
immune- from the first days intrauterine life the child produces its own antibodies, which can be perceived by the protective systems of the pregnant woman as foreign.
Hormonal- V female body develops new organ- the placenta, which synthesizes hormones, among which chorionic gonadotropin(CG) and placental lactogen (PL). The ongoing changes are not always positively perceived by the body, which is why various reactions occur.
Psychogenic- the assumption that initial toxicosis develops due to fear of future childbirth, worries about the health of the baby, or with a negative perception of pregnancy.

Some women from the first days after conception feel nausea, drowsiness and fatigue, while others do not feel worse. There are prerequisites that increase the likelihood of developing toxicosis.

Some of the risk factors include:

Smoking.
Insufficient amount of sleep.
Fatigue.
Inadequate diet.
Alcohol consumption.

Signs by severity

Depending on the severity of the symptoms, early toxicosis of pregnant women is classified into several groups:

First degree- rare vomiting that occurs after a morning meal, the frequency of which does not exceed five times a day. The loss of body weight is no more than 3 kg, the general well-being of the woman is not disturbed.
Second degree- nausea occurs about ten times a day, while its occurrence is not associated with the use of food. Over a two-week period, a pregnant woman loses about 3-4 kg in weight. A woman indicates a deterioration in well-being: there is arterial hypotension, the pulse grows, fatigue appears.
Third degree- Vomiting attacks are frequent and prolonged. They exhaust a woman, because she is sick up to 20-25 times within 24 hours. Weight loss reaches 10 or more kg due to loss of water, as well as the inability to eat. This negatively affects the health of the expectant mother. She may experience hyperthermia, an increase in heart rate, and inhibition of the reaction is observed.

Since the fertilization of the egg female body begins to respond to the changes that have occurred, changes the rhythm of work and tunes in to maintain a new life. Symptoms of early toxicosis worsen a woman's well-being, while she complains of weakness, drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, which can even occur from the look or memories of certain food products, she has no appetite, hypersalivation is observed. Sometimes the weight loss of a pregnant woman depends on how long early toxicosis lasts.

The most unpleasant manifestations of the body's reaction to bearing a child include vomiting, however, in addition to it, there are other symptoms:

Dermatosis- a pregnant woman is worried about diffuse pruritus, sometimes even in the genital area. If it is detected, the possibility of the presence of diabetes should be excluded, allergic reaction or .
Tetany and osteomalacia- muscle spasms and softening of the bones occurs due to a violation of calcium and magnesium metabolism. If you experience these symptoms, be sure to tell your obstetrician-gynecologist about them.
hypersalivation- increased secretion of saliva occurs due to changes in the secretion of glands. In especially severe cases, about one and a half liters are released. This symptom often accompanies vomiting.
Bronchial asthma- appears extremely rarely, while the expectant mother experiences asthma attacks and a dry cough. A feature of the disease is that it was not there until the moment of pregnancy.

Diagnostics

Early toxicosis of pregnant women is easily determined based on the woman's complaints. But in severe cases, when there are serious changes in the functioning of internal organs, clinical research methods will be required.

Diagnosis and treatment of early toxicosis during pregnancy is carried out by the presence of symptoms such as nausea, regurgitation, increased salivation. But even when determining standard signs, it is necessary to perform additional medical tests that make it possible to exclude other diseases that have a similar clinical picture.

First of all, it is necessary to pass a general urine test for ketone bodies, as well as blood for biochemistry and its main indicators, after which, if deviations from the norm are found, additional diagnostics are prescribed.

What to do with early toxicosis?

When a woman is tormented by early toxicosis, then how to deal with this disease can only be determined empirically, because all expectant mothers are saved different ways. The main manifestations of intoxication usually occur in morning time when blood sugar levels are low.

By following certain tips, you can choose your own method treatment of early toxicosis:

before getting out of bed, chew a cracker or any dried fruit, which will help to cope with the feeling of nausea and increase the glucose content in the body;
ask loved ones to brew mint tea, which will soothe the receptors of the oral cavity and prevent vomiting;
in the evening, place slices of lemon or orange on the bedside table, because after chewing citrus fruits, you can overcome the developing feeling of nausea;
chew mint chewing gum, this will increase the production of saliva and muffle unpleasant vomiting;
Drink only those drinks that you enjoy: herbal infusions, juices, tea or just water;
eat a spoonful of honey as soon as you feel the first symptoms of toxicosis;
do not take a horizontal position immediately after eating - give the food time to digest;
eat often, but in small quantities, this will prevent distension of the stomach and eliminate the likelihood of overeating.

In what cases it is necessary to see a doctor?

When early toxicosis during pregnancy is manifested not only by digestive disorders or drowsiness, but more severe symptoms occur, you should immediately inform the doctor about this, because some signs indicate the development of a serious pathology or even.

Early toxicosis of pregnant women complicates its course, and when it begins sharp deterioration well-being, while laboratory tests show a deviation from the variants of the norm, then to eliminate such manifestations, you will have to undergo inpatient treatment. The primary task of doctors is to replenish the electrolyte balance in the body, as well as restore protein and salts.

You should immediately visit a doctor when a pregnant woman:

severe vomiting, repeated many times during the day;
the amount of urine excreted is reduced, while its color and smell have changed;
concerned about pain in the abdomen;
any food eaten comes out with vomiting, and the woman cannot eat for half a day;
weight loss in 14 days is more than 3 kg.

Relief of a woman's condition is observed when early toxicosis passes, which usually happens at the end of the first trimester.

Prevention

In order to prevent early toxicosis of pregnant women and not to wonder how to deal with it in the future, it is necessary to monitor your nutrition and health from the first days of bearing a child.

It is a big misconception that the less there is, the less pronounced the symptoms of early toxicosis will be. It is in the first trimester that the developing fetus needs a full range of vitamins and minerals for the full formation of systems and organs. In addition, regular consumption of the same products can provoke an allergic reaction in mother and baby. Therefore, it is important to review your eating habits and create a balanced diet.

Eliminate such food, the appearance and smell of which causes bouts of regurgitation. This most often includes meat and dairy products.
Moderate consumption of salty foods in the early stages will make up for the loss of minerals due to increased excretion of fluid from the body, so pickles or fish in reasonable quantities will be beneficial.
IN last trimester, on the contrary, it is not recommended to use salt because of the likelihood of developing and.

Avoid increased psycho-emotional stress, stress, and negative impact environment. This will allow you to live happily long months expectations.

Toxicosis, especially early, during pregnancy should not be considered something mandatory and normal, and therefore be inattentive to the altered reactions of the body. Behind the seeming harmlessness of various symptoms of intoxication, serious pathological conditions so be sure to tell your doctor if you have any bothersome symptoms. Will be carried out if necessary diagnostic study and prescribed appropriate treatment for toxicosis.

Useful video about early toxicosis during pregnancy

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