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Causes of irritation on the face and neck in men. Causes of severe peeling of the skin. Pharmacy medicines for skin irritation

Allergic contact dermatitis is a form of allergy in which a person develops a local allergic reaction at the site of repeated contact between the skin and the allergen. If explained in simpler words, then contact dermatitis is an increased sensitivity of the external integument ( skin, mucous membranes) to certain substances. The appearance of contact dermatitis on the face is often associated with the use of certain cosmetics, medicinal ointments, toothpastes, food products etc. Sometimes it can appear with the bites of some insects, spiders. With allergic contact dermatitis the skin of the face immediately after repeated interaction with the allergen becomes red, swollen and itchy. Various pathological elements can appear on its surface - vesicles, papules, serous crusts, peeling, weeping ( ).

Atopic dermatitis, unlike contact dermatitis, is a chronic relapsing ( recurring) disease and occurs during the primary contact of the skin or mucous membranes with the allergen. This pathology usually appears in early childhood (15 years). In some cases, it may occur in late adulthood. Atopic dermatitis has a clear seasonal link. It, as a rule, is observed in the spring and autumn-winter seasons, and in summer its manifestations completely subside. The patient's body with atopic dermatitis becomes sensitive to various allergens ( wool, dust, food, cosmetics, detergents, medicines, mold, tobacco smoke, etc.), and, in most cases, there is a polyallergy ( hypersensitivity to several allergens).

Very often, atopic dermatitis is combined with bronchial asthma, hay fever ( seasonal, allergic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and eyes) and allergic rhinitis ( inflammation of the nasal mucosa). Skin of various parts of the body ( including persons) in patients with atopic dermatitis dry, edematous, hyperemic ( Red), flaky and itchy ( itches). On the skin with this pathology, various kinds of papules and vesicles may appear ( bubbles).

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious pathology, which is accompanied by the periodic appearance of red scaly spots on the skin ( papules). The cause of psoriasis is still not exactly clear. However, it is known that immunopathological processes lie in the development of its occurrence, that is, processes in which the immune system independently attacks the tissue structures of the surface layers of the skin. The role of the genetic factor has also been proven in the development of this disease. psoriatic rashes ( if we talk about classic, ordinary psoriasis) are most often localized on the skin of the back, lower back, extensor surfaces of the elbows, knees. Often, with it, the skin of the scalp is affected, and often the psoriatic rash goes beyond its limits and is located along its periphery in the form of a kind of crown ( psoriatic crown). Therefore, often such a rash can be easily seen on the skin of the forehead, temples.

The skin on the face with psoriasis is very rarely affected, because of this, such localization is considered an atypical form of manifestation of this pathology. Most cases of this psoriasis occur in children. Peeling of the skin in psoriasis is caused by inflammatory processes occurring in its surface layer - the epidermis. Due to such processes, excessive formation of keratinocytes is constantly observed in the skin ( main cells of the epidermis), resulting in hyperkeratosis ( thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis). Also, with psoriasis, parakeratosis is noted in the epidermis - a pathological condition in which keratinocytes lose their ability to synthesize keratin, as a result of which the processes of its keratinization are disturbed in the epidermis ( formation of scales that form the surface layer of the epidermis).

Dehydration

Water serves as a natural biological solvent for the body. Without it, the vast majority of biochemical reactions cannot occur ( synthesis, oxidation, splitting, transport, etc.) in various cells and tissues ( including the skin). Depending on the variety various factors (age, body type, gender, etc.) the content of the total amount of water in the body is on average 50 - 80% of the total body weight. Most of the fluid in an adult is inside the cells, while a smaller part is located extracellularly and is part of the intercellular fluid ( interstitial fluid, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.). In violation of the ingress of water into the human body ( water starvation, impaired patency of the esophagus, swallowing disorder, coma) or, conversely, in the event of a disorder in its correct excretion ( vomiting, blood loss, diarrhea, burns, polyuria, increased sweating, etc.) dehydration occurs ( dehydration).

In those tissues in which a significant decrease in fluid is found, all metabolic processes slow down, which leads to a violation of their anatomical structure and function. The cells of such tissues begin to multiply improperly. Between them intercellular interactions are broken. In the presence of water deficiency in the body, almost all tissues and organ systems suffer ( renal, cardiovascular, circulatory, pulmonary, nervous, etc.). Therefore, dehydration can cause various symptoms ( e.g. dizziness, headache, hallucinations, heart pain, lower back pain, low blood pressure, fever, etc.). Dryness and flaking of the skin on the face ( and other parts of the body) are the most common signs of dehydration.

Unfavorable external factors ( for example, humidity, air temperature, ionizing radiation, cosmetics, drugs, etc.) is one of the most common causes of peeling on the skin of the face. The fact is that these factors can have a direct irritating effect on it and provoke the development of the so-called simple contact dermatitis. Simple contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin resulting from the action of obligate ( unconditional) irritants.

This type of dermatitis should be distinguished from allergic contact dermatitis, which occurs as a result of skin contact with various allergens ( conditional external factors). Simple contact dermatitis occurs immediately after skin exposure to an irritant, while allergic contact dermatitis develops only after repeated skin contact with an irritant ( allergen). Simple contact dermatitis is not an allergic pathology and occurs only if the skin ( for example, faces) was affected by the aggressive factor ( to which a person is not allergic), classified as an obligate stimulus.

Simple contact dermatitis can occur anywhere - at home, at work, outdoors. The mechanism of its appearance is associated with excessive exposure of the skin to any aggressive factor ( for example, cold wind, prolonged insolation, medicine, etc.). With this exposure, damage to the surface layers of the skin of the face occurs, as a result of which it becomes inflamed, reddens and flakes. Simple contact dermatitis can be acute or chronic. In the acute form of this pathology ( which develops, for example, with burns, frostbite, electrical injuries) peeling of the skin on the face is usually not observed. It is most often found in chronic contact dermatitis, which occurs as a result of the periodic action of weak obligate irritants on the skin.

Examples of obligate irritants causing simple contact dermatitis on the skin of the face

Type of stimulus Examples
Physical stimuli
  • high or low air humidity;
  • cold or hot climate;
  • mechanical friction ( wearing sweaters and sweatshirts with a high collar, using hard scarves, etc.);
  • exposure to the skin of the face of various types of radiation ( x-ray, radioactive, infrared, ultraviolet, etc.).
Chemical irritants
  • cosmetical tools ( Foundation, face mask, scrub, serum, mascara, etc.);
  • medicines applied to the skin of the face ( in the form of ointments, creams, gels);
  • Food ( often applied to the skin in the form of masks);
  • the use of hard water;
  • use of detergents soaps, shower gels, etc.);
  • work with various dyes, solvents and paints ( at work or at home);
  • certain chemical substances used during procedures chemical peeling faces.
Biological irritants
  • contact with various plants ( families of euphorbiaceae, rue, ranunculaceae, umbrella, etc.);
  • contact with certain insects caterpillars, spiders, cockroaches, etc.).

Avitaminosis

Peeling of the skin of the face can occur with a lack of certain vitamins in the body ( a group of small molecular weight chemicals that play a key role in metabolism). So, for example, such peeling can be observed with a lack of nicotinic acid ( vitamin PP or niacin or vitamin B3), which is part of various enzymes ( predominantly dehydrogenases) regulating in tissues ( especially in the skin) nitrogen, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism ( metabolism). Severe avitaminosis ( failure) of vitamin B3 is called pellagra ( from ital. pelle agra - rough skin). With this pathology, the skin of the face becomes excessively dry, sensitive ( especially to sunlight and infection), rigid and covered with cracks.

Peeling of the skin of the face can often be observed with a deficiency of vitamin B6. This vitamin, being integral part certain enzymes ( decarboxylases, transaminases), is involved in amino acid metabolism. Vitamin B6 deficiency leads to dermatitis ( skin inflammation) on various parts of the body, which is the main reason for the development of peeling on the face. For the same reason, peeling and dry skin can also occur when a patient has a lack of vitamin B7 in the body ( biotin). This vitamin plays a key role in the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and collagen synthesis. Peeling on the skin of the face in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle ( the area between the upper lip and the nostrils), wings of the nose and eyelids is a characteristic sign of a lack of vitamin B2 in the body ( riboflavin), which is an integral part of ( cofactor) various groups of enzymes ( mainly oxidoreductases and dehydrogenases) that regulate various metabolic processes ( oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, amino acid metabolism, etc.) in tissues.

Peeling of the skin on the face can be a sign of vitamin A deficiency in the patient. This vitamin is involved in the formation of enzymes that block premature keratinization of the epidermis, therefore, due to its lack in the patient, the processes of excessive keratinization and desquamation may begin, which will be manifested by dryness and flaking skin on various parts of the body. Vitamin E deficiency ( tocopherol) can sometimes also cause flaking on the skin of the face. The fact is that this vitamin is a natural antioxidant. It inhibits ( blocks) reactions of free radical oxidation in skin cells ( during these reactions in cells in the process of oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, toxic, free oxygen radicals are formed) and thus contributes to the stabilization of their intracellular metabolism ( metabolism).

Avitaminosis of all the above vitamins ( B2, B3, B6, B7, A, E) is usually noted in alcoholism, malnutrition ( since vitamins, for the most part, must be supplied to the body from outside), abuse of various diets, taking antibiotics ( vitamins B2, B3, B6 are synthesized in sufficient quantities by normal intestinal microflora), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract), deficiency of some trace elements ( e.g. zinc). Vitamin B7 deficiency ( biotin) is a frequent occurrence when a patient consumes large amounts of raw egg white and saccharin.

Mycosis

Mycosis is an infectious disease in which body tissues are affected by various fungi. If skin infection occurs, then such mycosis is called ringworm. On the skin of the face, basically, two main types of dermatomycosis can appear - multi-colored lichen and dermatophytosis of smooth skin. Multicolored ( pityriasis) lichen is caused by fungi of the genus Malassezia. These fungi are part of the normal microflora of the skin of the face and love to live near the ducts. sebaceous glands. Under the influence of certain factors ( decreased immunity, hormonal changes, excessive sweating, the use of certain medications, etc.), they begin to multiply intensively, as a result of which a huge amount of their metabolites begins to be released onto the surface of the skin ( metabolic products), which are a strong irritant for her. Under the influence of these metabolites, the skin becomes inflamed and begins to peel off.

Dermatophytosis occurs as a result of infection of the skin of the face with fungi - dermatophytes belonging to the genera Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes. These fungi, settling on the skin, begin to secrete special enzymes - keratinases, which they need for growth and reproduction. Keratinases, getting on the epidermis of the skin of the face, begin to destroy keratin, elastin and collagen, as a result of which peeling occurs on it. Dermatophytosis, unlike versicolor, is a contagious mycotic ( fungal) infection. It can occur through contact with infected domestic or wild animals or people and household items. Also, a variety of external ( ionizing radiation, work in a humid environment, animal husbandry, non-observance of personal hygiene rules, etc.) and internal ( immunodeficiency, hormonal imbalance, severe bacterial or viral infections, taking glucocorticoids, antibiotics, genetic predisposition, etc.) factors.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a pathology that is accompanied by hypersecretion ( increased secretion) sebum, development against this background inflammatory processes on the skin of certain areas human body and her peeling. Most often, seborrheic dermatitis affects the skin of the scalp and face ( in the area of ​​eyebrows, eyelashes, nasolabial folds, mustache and beard). With diffuse forms of seborrheic dermatitis, the skin in the sternum, umbilical region, inguinal, axillary folds can also become inflamed. The main cause of seborrheic dermatitis is considered to be excessive activation of fungi of the genus Malassezia ( furfur, restricta, globosa) on the surface of the skin. IN normal conditions these fungal microorganisms are part of the microflora of the skin. They live near the mouths of the sebaceous glands, which open on the surface of the epidermis, and feed on sebum.

When certain favorable circumstances arise ( excessive secretion of sebum, stress, decreased immunity, hormonal disorders, viral and bacterial infections, excessive sweating cold weather, drinking alcohol, etc.), these fungi begin to actively multiply and grow. Their growth is accompanied by the release of toxic metabolic products that damage the epidermis and cause inflammation in it, resulting in exfoliation of its surface layers. There is also evidence that hereditary factors play a role in the development of this disease. So, for example, in people with a third blood group, seborrheic dermatitis occurs much more frequently than all the others.

Ichthyosis

Ichthyosis is a hereditary skin disease in which normal keratinization processes are disturbed in the surface layers of its epidermis, as a result of which it becomes excessively dry and flaky. There are many forms of ichthyosis ( vulgar, X-linked, epidermolytic, lamellar, etc.), which differ from each other in clinical manifestations and the reason that causes them. The most common form of ichthyosis is ichthyosis vulgaris ( ordinary) ichthyosis. The main cause of this ichthyosis is a mutation ( defect) in the gene encoding the skin protein filaggrin. Such a genetic defect leads to a violation of the stabilization and orientation of the structural components of another skin protein - keratin, which is responsible for the processes of keratinization in the epidermis.

The first symptoms of ichthyosis vulgaris, in most cases, appear at 1 year of age. Much less often, the disease occurs in 2 to 4 years. Both boys and girls get sick. The main activity of the pathology is observed during puberty. In adult patients, this disease subsides a little and becomes less pronounced. The main symptoms of ichthyosis vulgaris are dryness, peeling, roughness of the skin ( on various parts of the body, including the face) and follicular hyperkeratosis ( ).

Diagnosis of the causes of peeling of the skin on the face

To diagnose the causes of skin peeling on the face, clinical and laboratory research methods are used. Clinical Research Methods ( study of symptoms, history taking, external examination, dermatoscopy) is produced by the dermatologist himself when the patient contacts him. This group of studies is necessary for the doctor to evaluate external manifestations diseases and subjective sensations that arise in a patient with peeling of the skin of the face. In addition, these studies allow the attending physician to choose further tactics in the diagnosis ( appoint certain laboratory research methods) or immediately prescribe the required treatment ( if the pathology does not require laboratory confirmation). Laboratory research methods are used to confirm or disprove a specific disease. Most often, when the skin of the face is peeling, the patient is prescribed a general blood test, biochemical blood test, immunological blood test, mycological examination ( research on fungi) scraping from the surface of the skin of the face and its histological examination.

Diathesis

Atopic dermatitis most often begins in childhood. It has a phase character of the flow ( exacerbation of the disease, followed by normalization of the condition), a clear connection with the time of year ( as a rule, the disease manifests itself in the spring and autumn-winter seasons). In the family of relatives of such patients ( e.g. mother, father) there are almost always some allergic pathologies ( bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, etc.). The patients themselves have hypersensitivity to various allergens ( food, wool, dust, cosmetics, detergents, medicines, tobacco smoke, mold, etc.). Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis often occurs under the influence of certain provoking factors ( stress, exercise, climate change, weather, respiratory infections and etc.).

With atopic dermatitis, not only the skin of the face can be affected. This can be the neck, flexor or extensor surfaces of the limbs, torso, scalp. The morphological features of atopic dermatitis during its exacerbation are very often different, that is, the lesion of the skin in this pathology is not the same and often differs from its previous manifestations. However, in most cases, the skin of the face in patients with atopic dermatitis is dry, edematous, hyperemic ( Red), flaky and itchy ( itchy), which causes significant discomfort to the patient ( especially at night time). The skin on the face with this disease may not always ( that is, not with every exacerbation) get drawn into pathological process. Vesicles often appear on its surface ( bubbles), papules.

With allergic contact dermatitis, the skin of the face can also be dry, swollen, hyperemic ( Red), scaly and itchy, as in atopic dermatitis. The fundamental difference between these two dermatitis is that contact dermatitis appears only in the place where there has been a direct interaction between the skin and the allergen ( for example, when applying a medicinal ointment or cosmetics to the skin of the face). Allergic contact dermatitis disappears after a certain time after the allergen is removed from the skin surface and never appears again if the person makes sure that his skin does not interact with it again.

Since psoriasis is a chronic disease, it is characterized by periods of exacerbations ( relapses), which are replaced by periods of remissions ( significant improvement in the clinical course of the disease). An exacerbation of this pathology, as a rule, is observed in cases where the patient's body is faced with certain provoking factors ( drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, physical injury, infections, hypothermia, the use of certain drugs, prolonged exposure to the sun, stressful situations and etc.). In some cases, these patients undergo a biopsy ( take a piece of tissue for histological examination) skin to exclude other possible pathologies.

Dehydration

Signs of dehydration can be not only dryness and peeling of the skin of the face. It is also characterized by the patient's appearance of thirst, irritability, dizziness, headache, weakness, dry mouth, increased body temperature, decreased blood pressure, delirium, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, etc. When given state a person has a decrease in body weight, a change in the color of urine, a decrease in daily diuresis ( urination), there are circles under the eyes, apathy ( the patient's presence of pronounced indifference). When these symptoms are detected in a patient, it is quite easy to make a diagnosis of dehydration, especially if certain medical history data indicate this ( for example, the patient's past vomiting, diarrhea, burns, bleeding, increased sweating, urination, staying in hot climatic conditions, insufficient water intake, taking diuretics, etc.).

Adverse external factors

Diagnosis of simple contact dermatitis, which occurs as a result of exposure to the skin of the face of adverse external factors, consists of an assessment of symptoms and consideration of anamnestic data. Peeling of the skin of the face with this pathology, as a rule, occurs precisely with its chronic form, which appears as a result of prolonged contact between the skin and some unconditioned stimulus ( for example, cold wind, prolonged insolation, drugs, ionizing radiation, cosmetics, etc.). Often, such peeling is combined with dryness, insignificant reddening of the skin, the appearance of slight itching, burning, and soreness on it.

The area of ​​injury may also show maceration ( moist skin softening), cracks, unexpressed puffiness and lichenification ( skin thickening). Simple contact dermatitis appears precisely in those places where the skin of the face is constantly in contact with an external irritant and disappears after a while if this irritating agent is removed. The degree of peeling of the skin on the face always depends on the type, duration and intensity of exposure to the irritant on it. It should be noted that simple contact dermatitis is not accompanied by any allergic phenomena ( for example, the appearance of urticaria, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and etc.).

Avitaminosis

To make a diagnosis of vitamin deficiency, it is necessary to take into account all the symptoms that may appear in such cases in a patient, and not just the presence of peeling of the skin of the face. Based on this symptom alone, it is almost impossible to establish the very fact of the presence of beriberi in a patient. With vitamin B2 vitamin deficiency, as a rule, conjunctivitis appears ( inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes), dermatitis ( skin inflammation) nasolabial zone ( the area between the upper lip and the nostrils), eyelids, wings of the nose, angular stomatitis ( ulcers in the corners of the mouth), cheilitis ( the appearance of cracks on the lips), keratitis ( inflammation of the cornea), anemia ( decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cells), muscle weakness, clouding of the lens, photophobia, glossitis ( inflammation of the tongue), burning pains in the lower extremities.

Vitamin B3 deficiency is characterized by the appearance of dermatitis in the patient ( skin inflammation), diarrhea ( diarrhea), general weakness, malaise, dementia, hallucinations, delirium, insomnia, paresis ( incomplete paralysis) and paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, ataxia ( discoordination of movements), hair loss, glossitis ( inflammation of the tongue). With a lack of vitamin B6, seborrheic dermatitis often develops on the skin of the face ( fungal inflammation of the skin), anemia ( decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cells), there is a delay in the growth and development of the body, irritability, insomnia, general weakness, inflammation of the mucous membranes ( eye, mouth).

With vitamin B7 deficiency, a person usually develops drowsiness, malaise, muscle weakness, myalgia ( muscle pain), depression, fast fatiguability, decreased ability to work, appetite, blood pressure. The skin of such patients, as a rule, looks dry, pale, it is often flaky. Their hair falls quite often, the nails are affected, the tongue becomes smooth and acquires a pale shade. With a lack of vitamin A, in addition to peeling of the skin of the face, the patient may experience night blindness ( decreased night vision), keratitis ( inflammation of the cornea), conjunctivitis ( inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye), often recurrent bronchitis ( inflammation of the bronchi), urethritis ( inflammation of the urethra), enteritis ( inflammation of the intestinal mucosa).

With vitamin E vitamin deficiency, fatty hepatosis can be observed ( pathology, accompanied by excessive deposition of fat in the liver), hemolytic anemia ( decrease in the number of red blood cells due to their excessive destruction), muscle weakness, spontaneous abortions in women, decreased sperm fertility in men, ataxia ( discoordination of movements), immunodeficiency ( decreased immunity), dryness and peeling of the skin of various parts of the body, brittle nails, decreased visual acuity, etc. For the final diagnosis of any of the above vitamin deficiencies, it is recommended to perform a biochemical blood test to determine the concentration of vitamins in it.

Mycosis

With multi-colored ( pityriasis) lichen on the skin of the face appear flaky spots ( one spot is possible). The color of these spots varies from light yellow to brown. On white skin, these spots are always darker than the skin itself, and on tanned skin, they are always lighter. The spots can often merge with each other, forming extensive lesions with scalloped edges. Peeling of the skin with versicolor is gentle and always increases with scraping ( Besnier's sign). The skin itself against the background of peeling may have white, pink color. In very rare cases, it becomes very red and swollen, which indicates intensification ( amplification) inflammation at the site of infection. There should be no itching, burning and pain on the skin of the face with pityriasis versicolor ( of course, with the exception of those rare cases when the skin at the site of infection becomes significantly inflamed).

To confirm the diagnosis of multi-colored lichen, a Balzer test is performed, the affected areas of the skin of the face are illuminated with a Wood's lamp ( these areas should have a yellow or brown glow) and produce microscopic examination pathological material taken during scraping ( from infected skin), to detect fungi ( genus Malassezia). When performing the Balzer test, the skin of the face is lubricated with iodine, after which it is washed off and the degree of staining of the peeling foci is assessed. With pityriasis versicolor, these foci should turn darker than the skin itself.

With dermatophytosis, reddish, scaly, annular spots of various sizes appear on the skin of the face, with a tendency to peripheral growth ( i.e. increase in size). These spots always have clear boundaries, scalloped edges. They are often surrounded by an inflammatory roller. Cracks, vesicles, pustules, erosion, weeping can sometimes appear in the center of such spots ( ). At the site of the lesion on the skin of the face, the patient usually feels itching, burning and mild soreness. In order to confirm the presence of dermatophytosis, he needs to conduct a mycological study of pathological material taken from the surface of the spots. If pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes are detected in the material, then a diagnosis of dermatophytosis of the skin of the face is made.

Seborrheic dermatitis

With seborrheic dermatitis, the patient develops peeling, itching, redness of the skin of the scalp, face and body. With this pathology, it is precisely those areas of the skin that are supplied with a large number of sebaceous glands and hair that are affected. On the face, this is usually the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eyelashes, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, mustaches and beards. Basically, of course, seborrheic dermatitis affects the scalp, so dandruff on the head occurs with this pathology. However, sometimes inflammatory processes can cross the border of the scalp and be observed in the skin of the forehead, temples. There are also diffuse ( common) forms of seborrheic dermatitis, in which, along with the skin of the face and head, the skin in the sternum, paraumbilical, anogenital zone, inguinal and axillary folds can become inflamed.

Seborrheic dermatitis usually develops when certain conditions and circumstances. Most often, it occurs in a patient who does not follow the rules of personal hygiene, consumes large amounts of alcohol, has reduced immunity, severe sweating, hormonal disorders, and various viral and bacterial infections. The appearance of seborrheic dermatitis can also contribute to environmental pollution, dietary errors, stress, low level life, adverse living conditions residence. To confirm the diagnosis of this disease, it is necessary to perform dermatoscopy ( microscopic examination of the skin using a special device - a dermatoscope), trichogram ( examination of hair at a certain magnification), general analysis blood ( for rate general condition organism) and a blood test for sex hormones ( for estrogens and androgens).

Ichthyosis

Ichthyosis is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, history and results of histological examination of the skin. Main clinical signs ichthyosis are considered the presence of diffuse peeling of the skin, its dryness and follicular hyperkeratosis ( the appearance of foci of increased peeling - hyperkeratosis - on the skin). With ichthyosis, the skin becomes rough, rough and looks like fish scales. The similarity with fish scales is explained by large-lamellar peeling of the epidermis, in which large scales of various colors and shapes are split off from its surface. With ichthyosis vulgaris ( the most common form of ichthyosis), the strongest peeling is observed in the area of ​​the skin of the extensor surfaces of the upper and lower extremities ( elbow and knee joints), back, waist. The skin of the face flakes off with ichthyosis most often in early childhood and puberty. Skin on the extensor surfaces of the limbs ( for example, the groin area, armpits, elbow pits, etc.) is rarely involved in the pathological process. It should be noted that redness and swelling of the skin against the background of peeling in ichthyosis vulgaris is quite rare.

Ichthyosis suffers from an early age ( starting from 1 – 4 years). It can occur in both sexes with the same frequency. In children and adolescents, the symptoms of ichthyosis are usually always more pronounced than in adults. At histological examination skin in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris, retention hyperkeratosis can be found ( thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis with a delay in its separation from the skin surface) with thinning or complete absence of the granular layer in the epidermis.

How to get rid of peeling skin on the face of a man?

Treatment of peeling skin on the face in men and women is practically the same. It includes various groups of drugs ( sometimes cosmetic) drugs. The selection of drugs is always carried out depending on the pathology that caused peeling on the face, as well as on its severity and prevalence. Most often, in the treatment of skin peeling on the face in men, anti-inflammatory, keratolytic, antifungal, antibacterial, antihistamines and various vitamins are prescribed. Each group of drugs has its own specific effect and is necessary to eliminate specific pathological changes in the skin of the face.

Diathesis

With contact dermatitis, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, antibacterial ( in case of secondary infection) facilities. These drugs are prescribed mainly in ointments and gels. Sometimes sedatives are prescribed for contact dermatitis to calm the patient, as pruritus causes significant discomfort. An important point in the treatment and prevention of contact dermatitis is the complete avoidance by the patient of substances that cause the appearance of this disease in him.

In atopic dermatitis, the patient is prescribed immunosuppressants ( suppress the immune response), glucocorticoids ( have an anti-inflammatory effect), antihistamines, sedatives, plasmapheresis, hemosorption. The last two methods are necessary to cleanse the blood of allergens that are toxic to the body. Drugs for atopic dermatitis, unlike contact drugs, are mainly prescribed orally ( in the form of tablets) and / or in injections, including intravenously.

Sometimes in atopic dermatitis, local and systemic methods of using certain drugs are combined ( that is, they are prescribed both in the form of ointments and in the form of tablets), it all depends on the form and severity of the disease. Locally, in this pathology, anti-inflammatory agents are usually prescribed ( topical glucocorticoids), antihistamines and topical immunomodulators ( calcineurin inhibitors). All three groups of drugs are aimed at eliminating pathological allergic and inflammatory phenomena in the skin. During the period of acute inflammation and the appearance of weeping on the skin ( secretion of serous fluid from under the epidermis) and crusts, it is recommended to use disinfectants ( for example, furatsilin, rivanol, etc.) to prevent suppurative processes in the skin.

Patients with atopic dermatitis are advised to change the climate to a warmer and milder one. It is desirable that these be coastal and high-mountain geographical areas. They are also prescribed a hypoallergenic diet that excludes the use of alcoholic beverages, spices, chocolate, coffee, citrus fruits, confectionery, cheeses, smoked meats, nuts, honey, milk, etc. As with contact dermatitis, it is extremely important for such patients to avoid allergens ( food, wool, dust, cosmetics, detergents, medicines, tobacco smoke, mold, etc.), which were identified as a result of skin prick tests.

Psoriasis

For psoriasis, conservative treatment, which consists of assigning to the patient various groups drugs. First of all, such patients are prescribed various anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants and cytostatics. These drugs help reduce the intensity of inflammatory processes in the skin and reduce peeling. Secondly, with this pathology, other groups of drugs are prescribed that eliminate different kinds additional violations found in the patient. So, for example, in psoriasis, microcirculation correctors are often prescribed ( improve blood circulation), antihistamines ( reduce hypersensitivity of the body), detoxification agents ( remove toxins from the body), hepatoprotectors ( protect liver cells from damage), etc. Unfortunately, none of the presented groups of drugs has the ability to completely stop this disease, so the treatment of psoriasis is considered only symptomatic. It helps bring psoriasis into remission ( reduce or eliminate symptoms for a while), the duration of which is always different and depends on the majority of various factors ( for example, the severity of psoriasis, its form, the patient's contact with certain provoking agents, etc.).

Dehydration

For mild to moderate dehydration, oral administration is usually given ( oral administration) solutions of rehydration salts ( hydrovit, hydrovit forte, rehydron, gastrolith). These solutions contain water and some types of salts, thanks to which they can quickly normalize the water and electrolyte balance in the body. If dehydration is sufficiently pronounced, then solutions of rehydration salts are administered parenterally ( through a drip). In some cases, the patient may be prescribed the introduction of such solutions using a nasogastric tube. No less important in the treatment of dehydration is the elimination of the very cause of dehydration, for example, the treatment of intestinal infections, in which diarrhea and vomiting occur, the abolition of medicinal diuretics, leading to increased excretion of fluid from the body through the kidneys, the prohibition of work in hot climatic conditions without appropriate preventive measures. events, etc.

Adverse external factors

To get rid of contact dermatitis ( which occurs when the skin is exposed to adverse external factors), you just need to eliminate the stimulus ( for example, change cosmetics, medicines, use protective clothing when working with dyes, solvents, move to another climate zone, etc.). If the patient has a pronounced inflammation on the skin of the face, then it is recommended to apply lotions with antiseptics to these places to prevent suppuration. In case of secondary infection ( i.e. suppuration of the skin) Antibiotic ointments can be used. Preventive measures should be aimed at observing the rules of personal hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, the use of various moisturizing, protecting, regenerating face creams.

Avitaminosis

If a patient has beriberi, he is prescribed vitamin preparations. It should also be remembered that treatment with vitamin preparations can bring positive results only during the passage of vitamin therapy, if you do not get rid of the factor that contributed to the development of beriberi. Therefore, it is extremely important for such patients to eat well, consume less alcohol, do not abuse antibiotics, and various diets. Also no less important in such cases is the cure for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract ( if the patient has such), as they will always contribute to malabsorption of vitamins from the food that the patient consumes daily.

Products rich in certain vitamins

Vitamin name What foods are high in this vitamin?
Vitamin B2 Vitamin B2 is present in significant amounts in the liver, mushrooms, almonds, eggs, brewer's and baker's yeast, milk, cottage cheese, cabbage.
Vitamin B3 Vitamin B3 is rich in milk, meat ( chicken, beef), sunflower seeds, peanuts, pine nuts, mushrooms ( honey mushrooms), soybeans, peas, beans, buckwheat.
Vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 is found in high amounts in fish, eggs, meat, peas, beans, fresh green peppers, whole grains of cereals and their bran, walnuts, spinach.
Vitamin B7 A lot of this vitamin can be found in the liver, egg yolk, wheat flour, rice bran, soy, cauliflower, peanuts, walnuts.
Vitamin A Vitamin A is found in adequate amounts in fish oil, caviar, liver, butter, milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, eggs. Plant foods are rich in provitamin A ( carrots, sweet peppers, pumpkin, parsley, green onion, peaches, apricots, apples, etc.).
Vitamin E Vitamin E is present in significant amounts in vegetable oil, lettuce, cabbage, eggs, rose hips, nuts ( peanuts, almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts), sea buckthorn, fish.

Mycosis

For the treatment of mycoses of the skin of the face ( multicolored lichen, dermatophytosis) various antimycotics are used ( antifungals) - fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, miconazole, clotrimazole, etc. Most often they are used in the form of creams and ointments. If signs of severe inflammation are noted in the affected area, then anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. With suppuration of these places prescribe antibacterial drugs and antiseptics. Since mycoses are characterized high risk relapses ( disease recurrence), then the treatment of such pathologies is carried out for at least 2 to 4 weeks, so you should not prematurely stop using antimycotics, even if the scaly spots on the skin of the face have disappeared. With extensive and atypical forms of mycoses ( when, for example, not only the skin of the face is affected, but also other parts of the body) antifungal agents are often prescribed in the form systemic drugs (tablets).

Seborrheic dermatitis

Antifungal drugs for seborrheic dermatitis ketoconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, voriconazole, zinc pyrithione, etc.) and anti-inflammatory ( topical glucocorticoids) funds, vitamins ( B1, B2, B6, B12, B9, A, E) and angioprotectors ( doxychem, xanthinol nicotinate). Antifungal agents are prescribed in order to reduce the number of multiplied fungi on the affected areas of the skin. It is from these drugs that the success of the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis will depend. Anti-inflammatory drugs are then needed to remove inflammation in the skin ( redness, peeling, swelling, itching). Vitamins in this pathology are needed to accelerate the healing of damaged skin and increase immunological resistance ( sustainability) organism. Angioprotectors help restore microcirculation in problem areas skin. In some cases ( in the presence of itching and burning in the lesions) with seborrheic dermatitis, antihistamines are also prescribed.

Ichthyosis

With ichthyosis, significant doses of vitamin A or its analogues are prescribed ( acitretin, isotretinoin, etc.). For better absorption of vitamin A, as a rule, vitamin E is prescribed in parallel with it. Also, in such cases, keratolytic and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. The first group of drugs ( keratolytic agents) is needed to facilitate the fallout ( branches) scales with flaky skin. Examples of drugs included in this group are uric acid, resorcinol, lactic acid, boric petrolatum, salicylic acid. anti-inflammatory drugs ( glucocorticoids) is usually prescribed in extremely severe clinical situations when there are signs of inflammation on the skin. With the addition of a secondary infection ( that is, with suppuration of flaky skin) the patient is prescribed various antibacterial drugs. In addition to the traditional drug treatment for this pathology, physiotherapy is also prescribed ( ultraviolet irradiation, oxygen, mud, sea baths, etc.).

How to get rid of peeling skin on the face of a woman?

Women's facial skin is slightly different from men's. First of all, in women, the thickness of the epidermis is somewhat less than in men, which makes it more susceptible to adverse environmental factors ( e.g. humidity, air temperature, radiation, mechanical friction, detergents, medicines). It is because of this that their skin often looks dry and flaky. In addition, the appearance of these two symptoms is also due to the fact that women constantly use a large number of various cosmetic products for facial skin care, which may contain ingredients that are toxic to it.

Secondly, the skin of the face in women is more sensitive, since it is equipped with a large number of nerve endings than in men, as a result of which not only dryness and flaking occur on it periodically, but also a burning sensation, slight itching and slight soreness. Thirdly, the female facial skin can peel off not only against the background of dry, but also against the background of oily skin. This is due to periodic hormonal changes, in which there is an increase in the level of androgens and a decrease in progesterone and estrogens, resulting in the development of seborrhea ( a pathological condition in which there is excessive oiliness of the skin).

If a woman is sure that the peeling of the skin of her face appeared under the influence of adverse environmental factors, then in order to get rid of it, some measures must be taken. First, contact between the skin and the irritant itself should be avoided as much as possible ( for example, change cosmetics, medicines, move to a different climate zone, etc.). This event is the most important, without it it is quite difficult to completely get rid of the peeling of the skin on the face and prevent its recurrence.

Secondly, you should try to remove the top ( horny) layer of the epidermis, since it is due to it that skin scales are formed on the skin. This can be done with the help of special cosmetics ( scrubs and peels). Scrubs and peels are available for both dry and oily skin. Scrub differs from peeling in terms of mechanism and depth of action. The scrub acts on the skin more roughly and mechanically, thanks to its hard granules. It cleanses the more superficial layers of the epidermis. Peels usually contain acids or enzymes ( enzymes), which, getting on the skin, chemically loosen and remove skin scales. Peeling, as a rule, acts much deeper than scrub. Scrubs should not be used if the patient has a pustular rash on her face, rosacea ( dilated blood vessels in the face), as well as with an increased tendency of the skin of her face to form keloid scars.

Thirdly, no less an important tool elimination of peeling on the skin of the face is the mandatory use of tonics after washing. Tonic is necessary to remove the adverse effects of hard, chlorinated tap water on the skin of the face. This remedy restores the acidity of the skin after washing, cleanses the skin of the remnants of detergents ( e.g. soap) and prepares it for even distribution of the cream, which will be applied later on the face.

Since peeling of the skin of the face can occur not only under the influence of adverse factors, but also due to various pathologies ( e.g. diathesis, mycosis, beriberi, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, dehydration, ichthyosis), then you should pay attention to the nature of the peeling and assess whether the patient has other symptoms. If, in addition to peeling, various pathological elements appear on the skin of the face ( pustules, spots, rash, erosion, etc.) or it ( peeling) is associated with other symptoms ( for example, irritability, dizziness, headache, weakness, photophobia, conjunctivitis, etc.), then you should immediately seek help from a dermatologist. If a patient has one of the facial skin pathologies ( for example, diathesis, mycosis, beriberi, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.) she is given treatment similar to that given to men.

You should go to a dermatologist for a consultation in the following cases:

  • a woman has diffuse peeling of the skin of various parts of the body ( face, arms, legs, back, chest, etc.);
  • peeling of the skin of the face is accompanied by severe itching and burning;
  • the skin of the face is flaky against the background of bright red, edematous skin;
  • in places of peeling, various pathological elements appear ( spots, erosion, ulcers, cracks, abscesses, weeping, etc.);
  • there is focal, clearly delimited, itchy peeling on the skin of the face;
  • peeling of the skin is accompanied by other symptoms ( dizziness, headache, malaise, joint pain, allergic reactions, diarrhea, hallucinations, paralysis, insomnia, etc.);
  • on the skin of the face there are scaly spots that differ in color from the rest of the skin;
  • peeling is localized in the skin of the eyelashes, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, scalp.



Why does the skin on the face peel off in winter?

The appearance of peeling of the skin on the face in winter is associated with sudden changes in temperature and humidity. Such differences arise due to the fact that a person in the winter season during the day constantly mixes between warm, heated rooms ( apartment, house, workplace, shops, fixed-route taxis, car, etc.) and cold external environment ( street). Changes in temperature and humidity quickly dry out and irritate the skin of the face ( since it is one of the parts of the body that is most in contact with the external environment), resulting in simple contact dermatitis ( skin inflammation), one of the manifestations of which is precisely the appearance of peeling on it.

Which vitamin deficiency leads to flaky skin?

Vitamins are very important chemicals that play an important role in various enzymatic reactions. The human body needs new portions of vitamins every day, since, in most cases, they cannot be synthesized in the cells of its tissues. The lack of vitamins always leads to certain pathological conditions. Peeling of the skin of the face is just one example of such conditions. The skin of the face can peel off with a lack of water-soluble ( B2, B3, B6, B7, sometimes C) and/or fat-soluble ( A, E) vitamins. The most common causes of deficiency of these vitamins are the wrong diet ( untimely meals, constant consumption of fast foods, etc.), abuse of diets, alcohol, antibiotics ( vitamins B2, B3, B6 are synthesized in a significant amount by normal intestinal microflora), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract ( they interfere with absorption nutrients ).

Why does the skin on the face peel off after washing?

Rigid ( saturated with magnesium and calcium salts), chlorinated tap water has a detrimental effect on the skin of the face. Such water significantly dries out the skin and disrupts its normal acidity. Washing with such water contributes to the disruption of the normal composition of the microflora that lives on its surface. All this leads to the fact that in the surface layers of the epidermis there are violations of its keratinization, as a result of which peeling of the skin appears. Patients with thin and sensitive skin are especially affected by this. In order for the skin not to peel off, they are advised to constantly use tonics, which should be applied to the face immediately after washing. Immediately after tonics, it is necessary to use moisturizing and nourishing creams for sensitive skin.

What folk remedies can be used when the skin on the face is flaky?

Folk remedies for peeling skin on the face can be used with a fairly narrow range of pathologies ( e.g. simple contact dermatitis, beriberi, seborrheic dermatitis, certain fungal diseases). These funds are not recommended for use in psoriasis, ichthyosis, allergic diseases skin ( allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis), dehydration, serious fungal pathologies. With these diseases folk methods treatments are ineffective. It should always be remembered that before you start using folk remedies, you must always consult with your doctor.

When peeling the skin on the face, you can use the following folk remedies:
  • Carrot mask. Take one medium carrot and grate it. Then add one dry egg yolk and two tablespoons of potato flour to it. All this should then be mixed. The resulting mixture must be put on the face in the form of a mask, spreading evenly over its entire surface. A carrot mask helps well with beriberi and simple contact dermatitis, which is caused by adverse environmental factors.
  • Milk and cereal mask. Two tablespoons of oatmeal or wheat flakes should be mixed with equal ( or a little big) the amount of boiled, hot milk. After this, the mixture must be given a little time ( 5 – 15 minutes) to cool down a bit. Next, the mass should be evenly applied to the skin of the face for 10 - 15 minutes. Such a mask helps well with dry and flaky skin of the face, caused by beriberi or simple contact dermatitis.
  • Starch-tomato mask. Grind a small tomato on a grater and add an equal amount to it potato starch. Stir. Then 5-8 drops of vegetable oil should be dropped into this mass ( sunflower, olive, corn). Stir again. After that, this mixture can be applied to the face for 10 to 20 minutes. Starch tomato mask is usually used for simple contact dermatitis.
  • Tincture of garlic. You need to take a few cloves of garlic and chop them. To the resulting slurry, then you need to add an equal volume of 96% alcohol and pour a small amount of distilled water. After that, this mass must be allowed to brew for some time ( few hours). Garlic tincture should be applied to the flaky skin of the face affected by the fungus.
  • Infusion of sage leaves. In order to prepare this tincture, you need to take one tablespoon of dry sage leaves and place it in 200 ml of boiling water. The resulting mixture should be infused for 1 to 2 hours. After that, it needs to be filtered and add a little honey to it. Lotions are made from the infusion of sage leaves, which are applied to flaky skin affected by seborrheic dermatitis.

Under what pathologies does the skin on the face flake, redden and itch?

Peeling, redness, and itching of the skin are most common in atopic or allergic contact dermatitis. These two types of dermatitis appear when the skin of the face comes into contact with various allergens and are characterized by quite pronounced itching and hyperemia ( redness) skin. Peeling with them can be of varying intensity - from subtle to very pronounced. Often, peeling of the skin of the face in these diseases is combined with various pathological elements - vesicles, papules, serous crusts, weeping ( secretion of a clear fluid from the epidermis). Peeling, redness and itching on the skin of the face can also be a sign of dermatophytosis ( fungal skin disease). This disease is accompanied by the appearance on the skin of the face of clear, limited from healthy skin, red, flaky and itchy spots. The occurrence of these three symptoms ( peeling, redness and itching) on the face is very characteristic of atypical forms of psoriasis. Unfavorable external factors ( for example, air humidity, air temperature, ionizing radiation, drugs, tap water, cosmetics, etc.) can also cause redness, itching and peeling on the skin of the face.

Why does the skin on the face peel off in spots?

Peeling on the skin in the form of spots is very characteristic of mycosis ( multicolored lichen or dermatophytosis of smooth skin) or psoriasis. With multi-colored lichen, scaly spots on the face are yellow, less often Brown color. They rarely itch, the skin under them is almost never inflamed. With dermatophytosis of the skin of the face, the spots have clearly defined borders, scalloped edges. They are constantly growing in size, so each focus of peeling is visual ( every spot) looks like circles within a circle. Bubbles, cracks, erosions, pustules, weeping can often appear in the center of such spots ( secretion of serous fluid from the epidermis). The skin itself is red and slightly swollen. In the area of ​​​​spots with dermatophytosis, the patient usually feels itching, burning and mild soreness. In psoriasis, patches appear on various parts of the body ( e.g. back, limbs, scalp, etc.) and not just on the face. They usually have a red color, clear boundaries. Spots in psoriasis itch, often merge with each other, forming even larger spots.

Why does the skin on the face, hands and / or body peel off?

Peeling of the skin on various parts of the body ( face, hands, torso) can be caused various reasons. Such peeling can be observed with seborrheic dermatitis, ichthyosis, psoriasis, beriberi, dehydration, atopic dermatitis. If skin peeling occurs against the background of oily skin, then most likely it probable cause is seborrheic dermatitis. With dehydration and beriberi, the patient's skin is usually not only flaky, but also dry. In addition, with these pathologies, various symptoms are additionally observed ( for example, headache, dizziness, cracked lips, muscle weakness, low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, impaired skin sensitivity, dry mouth, increased body temperature, etc.).

Peeling of the skin in atopic dermatitis occurs immediately after the patient comes into contact with the allergen ( wool, dust, cosmetics, detergent, medicine, mold, etc.). It is always accompanied by intense redness of the skin, the appearance of spots on it and severe itching. Peeling of the skin on various parts of the body ( face, hands, torso) with ichthyosis appears from early childhood and has specific characteristics ( skin becomes like fish scales), due to which it can rarely be confused with other skin pathologies. With psoriasis, peeling on the skin looks like spotted rashes that look like paraffin drops.

The stronger sex is no less “weak” suffers from skin problems, but no one is in a hurry to admit it.

Due to the denser structure of the skin, it is easier for men to maintain its structure, but such phenomena as dryness and peeling of the skin on the face can also cause them trouble.

Why do men have flaky skin on the face and body, as well as how to get rid of such symptoms on their own, our article will tell you.

Why does the skin on the face peel off in men

Before prescribing a suitable treatment for yourself, you should understand the possible causes of such defects.

All factors can be divided according to the nature of manifestation into external and internal.

By adjusting the possible stressful situations, you can get rid of such a problem on your own. If these methods do not bring benefits, it would be best to contact a specialist.

Internal reasons:

  • Diseases endocrine system . We all depend on hormones that regulate absolutely all processes in the body. Deterioration of the skin condition caused by a lack or excess of hormones can be detected by appropriate tests. In this case, external influences will not bring the expected result, it is urgent to see a doctor for advice and treatment.
  • Lack of vitamins especially groups A and E. Wholesome nutrition and taking a complete set of vitamins can solve this problem. Concerning seasonal changes in the body, for example, spring beriberi, then with the frequent repetition of such situations, it is also necessary to consult a doctor.
  • Bad habits and stress. The abuse of alcoholic beverages can lead to liver malfunction, and this is a direct path to skin problems. Smoking also has Negative influence on the skin, and stress can manifest itself in the most inappropriate situations. Less nervous and refuse (limit) the use of harmful substances, and the skin will return to normal.
  • Other diseases. IN adolescence can often bother acne, which also contributes to changes in the structure of the skin. With age, skin changes can be triggered by vascular diseases, as well as improper functioning of the pancreas, liver and kidneys. In this case, it is better to choose a comprehensive examination, because peeling on the skin is just the tip of the iceberg, much serious changes are taking place in the body.
  • Viral and bacterial infections. It is simply impossible to list all varieties of such dermatitis, but the best option will visit a good dermatologist and undergo a laboratory examination. Such problems, as a rule, spread quickly, covering an increasing area of ​​​​the face and body, so you should not hesitate.
  • Allergic reaction on food, dust and plant pollen. This factor is the easiest to recognize, because far from the allergen, all symptoms disappear. Appropriate treatment and elimination of the provoking factor will help to avoid this scourge.

Having dealt with internal reasons the appearance of peeling of the skin on the face, it is also worth familiarizing yourself with external provoking factors. It is much easier to get rid of them, so it is better to take care in advance and collect all the necessary information.

External factors:

  • Weather. Ultraviolet radiation, cold and wind can damage even rough male skin. That is why dryness and peeling are most often seasonal. If you remove or minimize such factors, the problem will be solved with a regular cream.
  • Poor quality cosmetics. At the same time, such symptoms can appear, even if you just use the wrong type of skin care. Always try to buy cosmetics of proven quality, do not use them after the expiration date, and make sure that the products meet the needs of your skin. Eliminating this factor is quite easy, especially since now there are many suitable care products for dry and sensitive skin.
  • Frequent shaving in men, it contributes to microscopic damage to the skin, as well as, in the literal sense of the word, the removal of the upper protective barrier. It will be optimal to pre-steam the face well, use only sharp razor blades and additionally moisturize the skin after shaving with a suitable cream. For flaky skin, do not use alcohol-containing lotions and cologne.
  • bad water can also cause skin problems. First of all, it is hard and excessively chlorinated water. Household filters will help to correct this situation, as well as proper care during the cleansing. Washing should be done only with special gels, and not using ordinary soap. Such products usually contain an excessive amount of alkali, which washes well, but negatively affects the health of the skin.

How to clean your face properly for a man

External and internal factors can influence complex. These may be poor working conditions coupled with internal diseases, as well as improper skin care after shaving.

On the body

Not only on the face, unpleasant phenomena of dryness and peeling can occur. The skin of the body is also subject to many stresses and problems can arise in any area. In addition to the above reasons, there may be other specific problems.

First of all, this is wrong. temperature regime and wearing synthetic clothing. Often such diseases are considered occupational, because athletes - swimmers have contact with chlorinated water for much longer than the average person.

Skin diseases of a chronic nature, such as eczema and psoriasis most often appear on different parts of the body. They are caused not only by internal infection, but also by additional factors: stress, malnutrition and bad environment.

There can be many reasons for skin peeling in men, the main thing is to recognize the threat in time and start treatment. Basically, these are more or less harmless external influences, which are easy to get rid of on your own. To do this, it is enough to adjust your diet and choose good cosmetics.

Internal problems are much more difficult to eliminate, because you also need to get high-quality medical care.

The skin on the face of men is peeling due to the fact that some internal or external irritant is affecting.

The first group includes the following factors:

  • lack of vitamins, in particular, vitamin B, micro and macro elements in the body;
  • violation of the diet;
  • malfunctions in the work of the digestive tract, nervous and endocrine systems;
  • the presence of atherosclerosis in the blood vessels;
  • hereditary disposition (ichthyosis disease).

Infections can also cause such trouble:

  • fungal;
  • viral;
  • bacterial.

Fungal infections include mycosis and lichen, which provoke severe irritation skin:

  • peeling;
  • pigmentation;
  • inflammation;
  • rash on the head and neck.

to viral and bacterial infections include seborrhea, psoriasis and eczema. For the first disease, the following symptoms are considered characteristic signs:

  • the appearance of red pigments on the cheeks of a man;
  • seals;
  • discoloration of the face (earthy tone).

Such a phenomenon is associated with hormonal disorders and dysfunction of the sebaceous glands.

Psoriasis is characterized by a persistent hereditary factor. Disorders lead to disease nervous system. Peeling appears in the form of red spots. Eczema is one of the allergic diseases that provokes inflammation of the surface layers of the skin, weeping spots and severe itching. Main external causes peeling in men are:

  • the use of low-quality soap for washing;
  • frequent shaving;
  • the use of water with a high content of chlorine and other impurities for water procedures;
  • selection of low-quality cosmetics for face care.

Microdamages on the epidermis may also appear due to:

  • ultraviolet rays;
  • highly polluted air;
  • dust;
  • wraps.

2 Characteristic symptoms

Peeling on the face of a man may have isolated signs, which are accompanied by dry skin and tightening. Sometimes this problem is associated with the appearance of small vesicles and pustules, blisters, papules and subcutaneous spots. In this case, the skin scales have different shades:

  • white-gray;
  • matte;
  • translucent.

Sometimes the focus of peeling acquires an unusual color:

  • silver;
  • red-pink;
  • purple-bluish.

It all depends on the nature of these formations and on the state of the epidermis at their base. Stagnation causes inflammation and thickening of the dermis, which has a direct effect on the shade of pathological inflammation. There are cases when the flaky pigment has a clearly defined contour against the background of the surrounding healthy skin.

Peeling can also be diffuse. Usually such a problem is associated with hypovitaminosis, care errors, congenital failure in the activity of keratinization and regeneration.

3 Diagnosis and therapy

To determine the exact cause of such discomfort, a man needs to contact a dermatologist. The doctor will prescribe a set of medical studies:

  • analysis of blood, urine and feces for diseases of the digestive tract;
  • scraping of the affected skin on the pathogen.

Such actions will help to choose the right tactics for treating the patient. If the cause is associated with an internal pathology (disease of the digestive and endocrine systems), hormonal failure, fungal infection, the specialist may prescribe medications. For allergic symptoms, the doctor prescribes the patient treatment with special diet and antihistamine medications.

With eczema, dermatitis or psoriasis, special facial skin care products are prescribed. Patients are strongly advised to abandon ointments, creams and lotions, which contain:

  • preservatives;
  • flavors;
  • lanolin;
  • alcohol.

Of the medicines, medicines can be prescribed based on:

  • hormones;
  • dexpanthenol;
  • aquaphor and hydrocortisone.

The above products are used to moisturize the skin. Therapy with these drugs is carried out in short courses, according to the recommendations of a dermatologist. To relieve skin irritation, use special creams Bepanten or Panthenol. These drugs contribute to the rapid renewal of the epithelium, perfectly moisturize and soften the skin, and also heal cuts and small cracks.

To maintain the hydration of the epidermis, the doctor may advise you to undergo special cosmetic procedures:

  • mesotherapy with hyaluronic acid;
  • biorevitalization;
  • manipulations with the use of cosmetics based on amino acids, therapeutic mud, herbal decoctions from St. John's wort, chamomile, celandine, calendula.

Diet plays a big role in solving this problem. To avoid peeling of the skin, a man must follow a special diet. The menu should include those foods that are rich in vitamins and useful elements. To fill the lack of these substances will help:

  • fish;
  • dairy products;
  • nuts;
  • eggs;
  • chicken;
  • liver;
  • fruits and vegetables.

It is especially important to pay attention to the drinking regimen. A man should drink up to 2 liters per day. liquid, this will help improve metabolism, which means removing signs of peeling.

The diet should also include olive or linseed oil. 30 minutes before breakfast, it is recommended to consume 1 tbsp. l. unrefined oil. You can not drink the drug. The oil will help nourish the cells from the inside and prevent similar phenomena on the skin. In addition, the oil can be used as a face mask. The use of this tool helps to remove dead skin layers and cleanse the pores. The face becomes velvety because olive oil contains vitamins A and E.

5 Relapse prevention

To have healthy skin, need to:

  • stick to healthy lifestyle life;
  • rest;
  • eat well;
  • wash only with high-quality cosmetics.

Shaving is an important part of keeping the skin healthy. In order not to harm the skin of the face, you need:

  • choose a sharp razor;
  • make a preliminary preparation of the skin by taking a shower or bath;
  • gently apply shaving foam to the skin and start the procedure after a few minutes;
  • you need to perform the action in the direction of hair growth;
  • excess foam after shaving should be removed with warm water;
  • blot your face with a towel;
  • rubbing your face to avoid irritation and injury is undesirable.

Problem skin on the face of men, like the fair sex, needs constant care, since it is better to prevent cosmetic defects than to deal with them later. It is important to pay attention to external skin changes in time, as this can signal problems of internal organs.

Peeling of the skin occurs at any age in women. In men, this symptom rarely appears, only if it accompanies serious illness. How to determine when peeling is not dangerous, and when it indicates skin diseases? We will tell you about the most important criteria and help you deal with the problem. So, what are the causes and how to get rid of peeling skin?

What is skin peeling

Peeling is the appearance of scales of dead epidermis on the skin surface. This process occurs in every person, but is usually invisible. Under the influence of a variety of factors, the stratum corneum is rejected in large quantities.

When they talk about peeling, they usually mean - this is the dryness of the skin, which does not have any pathological causes. It is believed that dry skin is only a skin type, so treat in this case do not need anything. In fact, treatment is required, it is only expressed in high-quality hydration. If you ignore xerosis, then comedones may appear, early skin aging and other problems occur.

Sometimes peeling is associated with dysfunction of internal organs, sensitization of the body. In this case, not only moisturizing is required, but also other measures associated with the treatment of the underlying cause of the symptom.

Elena Malysheva will tell about what is peeling of the skin of the face in the video below:

Classification

Peeling can be divided into pathological and physiological.

  • In the second case, the process of rejection of dead cells is at a normal level.
  • With pathological peeling, this process is enhanced.

Classification is carried out according to the size of the scales:

  • lamellar (psoriasis);
  • pityriasis (rubrophytosis, lichen);
  • large-lamellar (lupus, erythroderma).

How to identify yourself

Peeling can be plentiful or small, it all depends only on the root cause of the disease. Directly with the pathology has a connection and the duration of the symptom. It is able not to pass for several years, only sometimes fading.

  • Yellow peeling color is characteristic of seborrhea,
  • white shade indicates psoriasis,
  • A dark scales speak of ichthyosis.

The skin at the site of the symptom may become saturated with exudate and form a crust.

Seek medical attention if you have the following symptoms:

  • development of pustules in the area of ​​peeling,
  • infection,
  • peeling spread to the legs,
  • bubbles appeared.

What does the peeling of the scalp, on the face, palms, fingers and toes indicate, what skin diseases can a symptom indicate?

Diseases and disorders

A number of diseases and skin problems are accompanied by peeling:

  • irritation,
  • psoriasis,
  • skin injury,
  • hypothyroidism,
  • demodicosis,
  • helminthiasis,
  • hormonal disbalance,
  • toxins,
  • ichthyosis,
  • scarlet fever,
  • xerosis,
  • lupus erythematosus,
  • gastrointestinal diseases,
  • syphilis,
  • diabetes.

This symptom does not always indicate any disease.

  • For example, the skin begins to peel off more with a lack of moisture or in winter.
  • In older people, the mechanism of the symptom is a purely physiological change, as the sebaceous glands simply cease to function normally.
  • There is peeling and frequent washing with soap, prolonged exposure to a room with low humidity and high air temperature.

We will talk about how to treat severe peeling of the skin of the face, other parts of the body with irritation, itching, dryness, redness, below.

Useful tips on how to get rid of flaky skin contains the video below:

How to deal with the problem

Traditional Solutions

If only peeling is disturbing, then you can try to cope with it yourself. If no improvement has been noted within 2-3 weeks, you need to visit a dermatologist.

Moisturizing is required to treat the symptom, as this will help prevent the appearance of new skin scales. When treating, the following recommendations should be taken into account:

  1. Wear clothes with natural ingredients.
  2. Take a course of vitamins A and E, group B.
  3. For washing, choose a soap with a moisturizing effect. Such a tool usually contains a large amount of fat.
  4. After water procedures, it is desirable to moisturize the skin.
  5. Lubricate the skin surface with any ointment containing. The medication will not only solve the problem of peeling, but also reduce inflammation and irritation.
  6. . Apply it no more than 14 days.

The doctor selects other healing compounds, based on what caused the symptom.

Correction should be subjected to the usual diet, since sometimes strong peeling is main feature beriberi. The diet should be rich in trace elements, it is unacceptable to maintain diets with severe calorie restriction.

Are there special ointments for peeling and itching of the skin available for self-production? Let's find out further.

Folk remedies

If there is no inflammation, severe itching and other unusual symptoms during peeling, indicating, for example, eczema, then you can resort to traditional medicine methods. There are a lot of recipes for moisturizing here:

  1. Boil oatmeal in milk, mix the required amount of porridge with butter and honey, and then apply on the face. It is desirable to find for the recipe olive oil, as it will not create a film on the skin. The duration of the mask is 15 minutes.
  2. After washing, take honey, add a little water to it and massage the skin with circular movements with the resulting product.
  3. Prevent peeling by rubbing watermelon, apple, cucumber juice.
  4. Flax seeds (2 tablespoons) are boiled in 2 glasses of water until gruel is obtained. It is removed, and the broth is filtered. It is he who needs to be applied for 20 minutes on the skin. Then the agent is washed off with water.
  5. Mash banana, mix with cream (2 tsp). Keep it on the skin for up to 15 minutes, and then wipe the skin with a decoction of linden.

To achieve the effect, you need to repeat the masks. In total, the course includes about 20 procedures, no more than three procedures can be done per week.

The video below tells the girl on her own example how to protect the skin from peeling in winter:

Most men are neutral about the care of the skin of their face, believing that this is the lot of only women. However, men's skin, like women's, is also prone to flaking, redness, dryness and aging. Most often, men face such a problem as dry skin of the face. It is worth noting that dryness on the face does not appear completely, but only in certain areas: on the chin, around the eyes.

Causes of dry skin on the face

At the same time, dryness of the skin of the face can be both congenital and acquired. Dryness can appear due to reasons such as:

■ improper washing;
■ incorrectly selected shaving lotion and aftershave cream;
■ long-term use of drugs for freckles;
■ constant exposure to the sun;
■ alcohol abuse, smoking, unhealthy food;
■ constant stress.

The peak of exacerbation of dry skin of the face falls in the spring and summer, when peeling, burning or itching begins, and severe spots may also appear.

How to get rid of dry skin

To avoid excessive dryness facial skin, it is important to adhere the following rules:

■ 5 minutes before shaving, apply a thin layer of moisturizer to your face. The remains of the cream, which is not absorbed, must be removed with a gauze cloth, and only then applied to the face. special cream for shaving. But it is better to refuse the use of soap, as it irritates the skin even more. After the end of the shaving procedure, the face should be rinsed with boiled water, and then a softening lotion should be applied;

■ adjust your diet by adding vitamins A, B, C;
■ lubricate the skin in winter fat cream, in summer - bold;
■ area of ​​the eyelids and around the eyes, which are highly prone to dryness, lubricate the most common lip balm;
■ special moisturizing masks or masks prepared at home. For example, a curd-honey mask, in equal proportions, with the addition of grape pulp. The mask is applied to the face for 15 minutes and washed off. warm water. A mask based on is also effective. grape juice and milk, in the proportion of 50ml x 50ml. With help cotton pad a liquid mask is applied to the face and washed off after 20 minutes. It is very useful to wipe the skin with grape ice cubes.

Surely you have seen that grapes are used in each mask. The point is that he has amazing properties recovery of dry skin. This is due to the fact that grapes are 60-90% water, and therefore it is worth giving preference to creams containing grape extract.

Taking care of your facial skin is not only useful, but also very pleasant. Treat yourself to feminine things, but only in moderation.