Early miscarriage symptoms. Signs of an early miscarriage

According to sad medical statistics, 15-20 percent of all pregnancies end in miscarriages. And approximately 80% of them occur before the 12th week of gestation. Obstetrician-gynecologists assure that sometimes neither about the abortion that occurred, nor about the fact that there was new life The woman doesn't even know. A significant part of pregnancies ends before the onset of menstruation or with its slight delay of three to four days. Allocations in this condition are unusually plentiful and prolonged.

The essence of the problem

Miscarriage in gynecological practice is spontaneous interruption pregnancy up to 22 weeks. According to medical standards, doctors begin to nurse a fetus born with an extremely low body weight, but with a weight of half a kilogram or more. According to the law, he is subject to registration in the registry offices with the issuance of a birth certificate for him. The chances of survival of fetuses born before this date are zero. They are also considered miscarriages and are not subject to resuscitation.

Table: fetal weight by week of gestation

Typical situation

According to the types of spontaneous abortions are divided into biochemical pregnancy when it is determined only by the results of a blood or urine test for the presence of hCG, but has no extensive symptoms. Spontaneous miscarriage - interruption clinical pregnancy within 18 weeks of fertilization. If the fetus dies before 28 weeks without leaving the uterus, then this condition is classified as a missed abortion. With an increase in the term, the likelihood of premature termination of pregnancy decreases.

Because of

Two-thirds or three-quarters of miscarriages, according to various sources, occur in the first trimester due to chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo. Pregnancies with such problems will terminate in 95% of cases. The cause of genetic damage most often cannot be established. As a rule, they do not repeat in the future. However, in a small percentage of couples abnormal pregnancies with subsequent miscarriages happen from time to time. In this case, it is worth getting a consultation with a geneticist with a series of laboratory tests. A more common cause of early miscarriage is luteal phase insufficiency, provoked by low level progesterone. However, at present, the relationship between natural abortion and hormone deficiency is disputed by gynecologists. Since drug support for first trimester pregnancy, for example, Duphaston does not reduce the risk of miscarriage.
overwhelming number abnormal pregnancies interrupted in the first trimester

Other reasons:

• malformations and neoplasms of the uterus;
• premature aging of the placenta;
• uncompensated diabetes mellitus;
• infectious diseases and some STDs;
• severe hypothyroidism;
• smoking of both mother and father;
• drug addiction in the past and present;
• a history of polycystic ovary syndrome;
• autoimmune causes;
• persistent uncontrolled increase in blood pressure;
• physical injury;
• poor environmental conditions;
• therapy during gestation with antidepressants.

Tragedy in four acts

Miscarriage like any other pathological condition has stages, which are characterized by a set of features. The process can take from two hours to several days. During the period of threat, the first symptoms of a catastrophe appear, although if treatment is started right now, then the pregnancy can be saved. The second stage (started abortion) involves the use of "heavy artillery" in terms of therapy. But there are still chances for prolongation of gestation. It is worth noting that now Russian doctors, like Western ones, prefer not to use conservation therapy, especially for extremely short periods, guided by the opinion of natural selection. The third stage, or miscarriage in progress. The fetal egg died, the pregnancy was interrupted, its expulsion from the uterus began. The fourth stage, or completed abortion: the organ cavity is cleaned and returned to normal physiological norm. As a rule, in the early stages, complete or incomplete miscarriages. At the first, the uterus expels the fetus completely along with the waters and bladder. With incomplete possible different scenarios. With one, only the embryo can come out, and the amniotic membranes remain. With another, the fertilized egg itself lingers in the uterus, leaving it only partially.

Threatened abortion worldwide (excluding countries in the vast former USSR) - this is the starting point of any pregnancy, which will end either with the progress of the pregnancy, or with its completion, however, there will be nothing but observation on the part of doctors and midwives. The only thing that can be advised to a woman is to limit physical activity (but this does not mean bed rest) and sexual life. “Beginning abortion” and “abortion in progress” are two diagnoses when a woman can receive treatment, and even then not always - it all depends on her condition. In 60-70% of cases, such an abortion will proceed like menstruation, sometimes with a little pain syndrome, and after the release of the fetal egg, the discharge will stop on its own. For the rest, the amount of discharge and pain may be more pronounced, so you will need the help of a doctor - removal of the fetal egg medically (using oxytocin or prostaglandins) or instrumentally (using a curette). And in extremely rare cases, when there is heavy bleeding, hemostatic agents and other therapy are required, and such women are referred to a hospital.

Elena Berezovskaya

Video: pediatrician Komarovsky and obstetrician-gynecologist Berezovskaya on maintaining a short pregnancy

anxiety symptoms

With an early miscarriage, it is important that the woman is aware of her situation, otherwise all the symptoms can be attributed to her on atypical critical days, even if the menstruation came very late. It is worth knowing that at a gestational age of two weeks there are practically no symptoms of a natural abortion.

It hurts me

Begin discomfort lower abdomen, then they spread to the lower back. The pain may be at first pulling, dull, non-intense. Then it intensifies, turning into regular spasms, characteristic of an abortion in progress.

In purple tones

A miscarriage is always accompanied by vaginal discharge. Their nature and intensity vary depending on the duration of pregnancy. In early spontaneous abortion begins with moderate brown daub. This is already a significant reason for contacting a gynecologist. In addition, an ultrasound examination will distinguish the threat from abruption of the emerging placenta. If measures are not taken, the daub is quickly replaced by red liquid secretions. Their intensity is growing. Clots, elements of tissues speak of an accomplished miscarriage.

And that is not all

If a woman is aware of her pregnancy, and she has already begun to have toxicosis, which in some cases occurs from the first days of a delay in menstruation, then it is worth analyzing its signs. A poor prognostic sign for prolongation of gestation is the cessation or reduction of morning sickness, frequent urination, engorgement and pain in the mammary glands. When tracking basal temperature, there is a sharp drop from above 37 degrees to normal numbers.

Video: gynecologist-obstetrician about the symptoms of a short-term miscarriage

Period or miscarriage

At short periods, it is extremely difficult to distinguish one from the other, especially if a woman did not make sure at the beginning of pregnancy by passing hCG or doing home tests. If there is no certainty, then atypical periods for her can lead her to the idea of ​​a spontaneous abortion: with spasms, clots, copious discharge, weakness, cold sweat, diarrhea, vomiting. On rare occasions, she may consider a small bubble. gray color. In the presence of these signs of trouble, you need to seek help from a medical institution.

What to do after

The main advice: to conduct an ultrasound study after a miscarriage. From the point of view of physiology, re-conception is possible already in a new menstrual cycle. However, doctors recommend not to rush, because the body may not be ready for successful gestation. Optimal break time next planning- from three months up to a year. It is selected individually for each patient. During this period, oral or other reliable contraceptives should be taken. As a rule, a single spontaneous abortion does not entail complex examinations, as it is recognized as a variant of the norm. One should be wary of the so-called habitual miscarriage when two or more pregnancies in a row end in miscarriages at about the same time.

When examinations are needed

Examination in the case of persistent miscarriages should begin with a visit to a geneticist. He will offer to take tests for karyotyping (the study of a set of human chromosomes) of both parents. It is also important, although not always possible, to collect the remains of the ovum after an abortion and donate them to histological examination. This will help identify true reason miscarriage. Tests for sex hormones may be needed, especially the balance of progesterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, as well as hormones thyroid gland. Shown total gynecological examination expectant mother: ultrasound, test for sexually transmitted diseases, endometrial biopsy to detect endometriosis, inflammation.
This is what a normal karyotype of a healthy man looks like

Male question

Pregnancy planning is a matter for both parents. The future father also needs to pass some tests. The most important is the study of the ejaculate. The spermogram will show the viability of spermatozoa, their structure, and the total number. The MAR test will determine the partner's immunological infertility.
Semen analysis is the gold standard in preparing for any pregnancy

Pregnant women are wonderful. However, it happens that the body spontaneously decides to reject the nascent life, and a miscarriage develops for early term. Most of these cases occur during pregnancy, that is, they are possible during the first 12 weeks from the moment of conception.

According to medical statistics, 20% of women prematurely part with their unborn baby, never knowing that they are pregnant. Gynecologists describe miscarriage as occurring on their own without influence external causes for up to 22 weeks. The crumbs that are prematurely born at 23 weeks and later with a body weight of 0.5 kg can be saved by modern doctors. But if the fetus has a mass of less than 0.5 kg, then medicine is powerless.

Most often, a girl does not even know about the pregnancy that has begun, since there are no anxiety symptoms. She waits for the next menstruation, and notes that the bleeding is delayed. After a few days, they arise, but this time they are more intense and are accompanied by severe discomfort and pain.

In some cases, signs of an early miscarriage include only nagging pain in the lower abdomen and profuse hemorrhage. Women visit a gynecologist, if only a large amount of discharge persists after 3-4 days from the onset of menstruation, and the bleeding does not stop on its own.

Sometimes such menstruation, which begins after a delay, is extremely painful. After a few days, a blood clot may come out. In this case, there is no doubt that it was a spontaneous abortion on early stage, because all the symptoms up to 2 weeks with a miscarriage look exactly like this. Women describe appearance clot as a membrane of the bladder containing blood. If a girl is faced with such a situation for the first time, she experiences severe stress. If you find a clot, then as soon as possible sign up for a consultation with a gynecologist. Only a doctor will be able to fully examine you, establish the causes of what is happening and determine whether you need cleaning.

Miscarriages negatively affect the body and psyche of a woman. Many girls are aware that such an event is possible during the development of pregnancy, but not everyone knows hazards, which cause it and precautionary measures, observing which can save the life of the embryo.

Doctors are of the opinion that a miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy is alarm signal, which reports problems in the body of a woman or her partner. He shows that the girl is not yet able to endure healthy child, and it is necessary to look for and treat pathologies that prevent this. If the embryo has any defects in the future, it can happen again.

• Genetic defects in the fetus. In the first trimester of pregnancy in the embryonic organism, primary differentiation and laying of all important organs and systems. This process is controlled by double-stranded DNA, which is present in every cell of the unborn baby. If the sperm or egg turned out to be carriers of DNA containing errors (mutations and aberrations - changes in the number of chromosomes and their structure), then after conception, the development of the embryo is disturbed and ends in spontaneous abortion.
• Mutations during gametogenesis (the formation and maturation of germ cells) in men and women occur under the influence of harmful chemical substances, some viral infections, unhealthy image life, harmful working conditions. To reduce the impact of these factors on the body, it is recommended to regularly relax in the fresh air, engage in physical activity and eat regularly. If the fetus had genetic defects incompatible with life, then an early miscarriage is a vivid example of the forces of natural selection that exist in nature.
• Hormonal imbalance. Women Health largely controlled proper work endocrine glands and maintaining the desired concentration of certain hormones in the blood. An increase or decrease in the levels of certain hormones sometimes causes an abortion in the first trimester. If too little progesterone is produced in the girl's body or androgens are synthesized excessively actively, then the consequence of this will be early spontaneous abortions. If a doctor detects such a condition in a woman, then to prevent negative reactions before she becomes pregnant, he will prescribe hormonal treatment for her.
• Rhesus conflict between mother and fetus. All couples planning pregnancy without fail donate blood to determine the group and Rh factor of the blood. This is especially important if the potential mother is Rh-negative. If the father is Rh-positive, and the embryo has the same Rh factor value, then between immune system mother and unborn baby war breaks out. A Rhesus conflict develops, during which the woman's body perceives the tissues of the fetus as something hostile that must be destroyed. The outcome of this process is early termination pregnancy. If future dad Rh-negative, everything will be fine. If the problem is detected on time and the correct diagnosis is made, then the expectant mother is prescribed progesterone preparations, which protect the fetus and reduce the risk of spontaneous abortions.

Infectious diseases of a bacterial, viral or fungal nature. Any infection negatively affects the development of the fetus. Therefore, if a sexually transmitted infection is diagnosed in you or your partner, it is necessary to treat it before the pregnancy planning period. Without treatment, the embryo will become infected at an early stage of development and will not be viable.

Inflammatory processes in the body of a woman, generalized. Due to fever (exceeds 38-38.5 degrees), with inflammation of any localization, early miscarriages are possible. The fever is accompanied by an intoxication syndrome, which negatively affects the embryo - it is not able to develop in such conditions and leaves the uterus. To prevent such situations before conceiving a child, it is important to achieve remission of all chronic diseases and, if you were not vaccinated as a child, be sure to get vaccinated.

History of abortion. An incorrectly performed abortion can cause chronic infertility or multiple spontaneous miscarriages in the first trimester. Therefore, it is very important, if necessary, to carry out this procedure with a qualified doctor.

Uncontrolled medication. In the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, any pharmacological agents can be drunk only with the permission of a doctor. Self-medication during this period can cause severe developmental disorders in the embryo. In the first three months of pregnancy, in no case drink infusions and decoctions of parsley, St. John's wort, cornflower, tansy and nettle.

chronic stress. Stressful situation, negative experiences, an unfavorable psycho-emotional environment, an acute sense of loss and depressive episodes negatively affect the growth and formation of the body of the future crumbs. For stabilization mental state the doctor may prescribe a mild sedative to the woman.

Unhealthy Lifestyle. If your family plans to have a child, then before this it is necessary to reconsider the way you live and eat. You need to stop smoking and drinking alcohol, eat regularly and rationally. This provides proper development fetus and helps to avoid miscarriages.

Intense physical activity injury. If you have fallen sharply, tried to lift a very heavy object, or subjected yourself to significant physical exertion, then there is a high probability of spontaneous abortion. The influence of such factors is especially dangerous for weakened women with health problems.

How to recognize the symptoms of a miscarriage in the first trimester? You should be alerted by the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen and sudden hemorrhage (bleeding). Pain can periodically arise and subside, as well as radiate from the lower abdomen to the lumbar region. Discharge from the vagina is of varying abundance, they are characterized by a red or brown color. If you have these signs to save the pregnancy, consult a gynecologist.

With light discharge, the probability of preservation is higher than with intense hemorrhage. If particles of tissue are released along with the blood, then this is direct evidence of a miscarriage that has occurred.

Another danger sign an impending miscarriage is an increase if, in addition to it, a woman has pain and other discomfort due to this condition. With asymptomatic increased tone doctors advise the expectant mother to limit physical activity and avoid being in a stressful environment.

Signs of spontaneous abortion are similar to different terms. But with an increase in the duration of pregnancy, the woman's pain intensifies, and the discharge may be more intense.

• Fluid is released from the vagina - this indicates a violation of the integrity of the bag with amniotic fluid(contact your doctor immediately!);
• Vaginal hemorrhage is a symptom of a miscarriage, regardless of the trimester;
• The appearance of blood clots and pain during the act of urination;
• Abdominal bleeding - general weakness, abdominal pain.

With a planned pregnancy, the expectant mother is examined in advance, all detected pathologies are diagnosed and treated. In such a situation, the risk of miscarriage is minimal. If a woman has any disorders that contribute to early spontaneous abortion, therapy will be prescribed in advance, and the patient will be under special medical supervision.

With a spontaneous pregnancy, if the expectant mother did not prepare for such a development of events, the likelihood of developing pathologies is higher. Each obstetrician-gynecologist can detect a miscarriage during a consultation if a woman goes to a medical facility due to a delay in menstruation.

According to the expected gestational age, the doctor:

• checks whether the actual size of the uterus matches the estimated one, according to the delay period;
• sees if there is uterine tone;
• looks for an opening of the cervix;
• determines the characteristics of vaginal discharge (consistency, color, quantity, smell).

In the second trimester and beyond, ultrasound diagnostics is used to diagnose miscarriage or preterm birth, which is performed transvaginally. In this study, the length of the cervix and the condition of the internal os are determined.

Most important recommendation, which the doctor gives, if diagnosed at any time, is strict bed rest. Sometimes, especially in a hospital, in order to preserve the pregnancy, the expectant mother is strictly forbidden to leave the bed. Second important advice- complete restriction of physical activity.

It is desirable to minimize negative emotions, do not succumb to despondency and fear, avoid bad news and disturbing thoughts. future baby from the moment of conception feels and reacts to emotional condition mother. Negative experiences sometimes lead to spontaneous miscarriage. Pregnant women are shown sedative preparations of plant origin - tinctures of valerian and motherwort.

After consulting with your doctor, you can use relaxation techniques for pregnant women. To do this, you need to sit on a sofa or chair, close your eyes and start breathing deeply and evenly. You need to watch your breath, directing your thoughts to something good. It can be a mental communication with a future daughter or son, you can dream up what your baby will look like, what his smile and first word will be.

With a serious threat of miscarriage, the obstetrician-gynecologist first of all prescribes medications, depending on etiological factor that caused such a condition in a pregnant woman. After the diagnosis, the woman in the first trimester is prescribed hormonal drugs, under the influence of which the normal course of pregnancy should resume.

Among the pharmacological agents used are progesterone (included in the preparations of utrozhestan and duphaston), drugs that reduce the level of androgens, and those that are used in case of a possible Rh conflict.

If necessary, a medical specialist performs an intrauterine ultrasound examination. If a failure is detected, in order to keep the fetus in the uterine cavity, under the conditions of the operating room, surgeons apply special sutures to the uterine cervix. Such an intervention is performed under general anesthesia, while drugs are injected into the uterus, which reduce its tone.

With the threat of miscarriage, many women spend the first trimester of pregnancy in specialized gynecological departments, where they are under round-the-clock supervision of medical staff. Sometimes the expectant mother has to stay in the hospital until the very beginning of childbirth. With stabilization of the condition and positive dynamics, the woman can be discharged home, where she must continue to follow all the doctor's recommendations (mandatory bed rest!). With effective therapy, the diagnosis of "threatened miscarriage" will not worry the pregnant woman for more later dates gestation.

The best way to prevent miscarriage is to responsibly plan ahead for the birth of a child. Before that, both partners must be fully examined and cured of the diseases found, change their lifestyle and prepare all the conditions for a favorable pregnancy. Therapy of infectious and hormonal diseases should be carried out, which in the future can cause spontaneous abortion.

Six months before the proposed conception, a young family needs to take care of the elimination of bad habits, establish a work and rest schedule, and eat a balanced and rational diet.

If a woman has not yet given birth, then by not using abortion, she has a lower chance of developing a miscarriage in the future.

Determined that miscarriage at an early stage of pregnancy practically does not cause dangerous consequences. A life-threatening condition can only develop if a woman deliberately causes an abortion herself with the help of drugs or traditional medicine.

Another source of danger arises if a miscarriage occurs later - then particles of fetal tissues may remain inside the uterine cavity, causing further intoxication female body.

To avoid such situations in the first trimester, doctors consider necessary implementation prophylactic cleaning of the uterus, if the patient has recently had a miscarriage. When contacting a doctor, he necessarily performs an ultrasound examination in order to monitor the condition of the woman.

There is an opinion that spontaneous abortion leads to miscarriages with all next pregnancies. This is a false statement. In the future, repeated miscarriages are possible only if the cause that caused them has not been found and cured.

With a miscarriage in the first trimester, a woman can avoid the danger to her life only if she goes to a doctor's consultation on time. Otherwise, there is a high probability of developing bleeding from the uterus and death from blood loss, or the occurrence of sepsis, which can also be fatal.

If you notice that after a delay, the menstruation that has arisen differs from the previous ones (increased soreness, more copious discharge), it is imperative to meet with a gynecologist and discuss these symptoms with him.

When a strong vaginal bleeding, which does not stop, and the deterioration of the general condition (weakness, "flies" before the eyes, dizziness, tinnitus), dial an ambulance as soon as possible and wait for the doctors to arrive.

Unfortunately, quite often modern world an early miscarriage occurs (symptoms up to 2 weeks with a photo will be lower). The most common and unpleasant phenomenon is spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. It is extremely important, before planning a pregnancy, to bypass the factors that can cause such a bitter outcome of such a short pregnancy.

What causes a miscarriage?

Before studying the symptoms, you should find out why the baby’s development process was interrupted. In fact, there are many reasons that provoke the interruption of fetal development at an early stage.

1. Basically, an unpleasant phenomenon occurs due to certain abnormalities in the development of the fetus. This situation is caused by viruses penetrating the body, bad habits, bad ecology and reception medicines. Many in the early stages try to go closer to the sea to breathe. fresh air. It is impossible to prevent an early miscarriage (symptoms up to 2 weeks with a photo) caused by a genetic disorder in the fetus.
2. Another reason could be hormonal disbalance. In other words, the lack, or excessive production of hormones, leads to wrong development baby. Mostly in the body of a pregnant woman there is a lack of progesterone. If you take action in time, you can prevent unwanted interrupt embryo development. Render strong influence on the formation of the embryo hormones of the adrenal and thyroid glands.
3. Few people know, but abortion can occur due to a mismatch between the Rh factors of both partners. In this case, experts appoint necessary therapy to protect the fetus.
4. Another reason may be infectious diseases sexually transmitted. Bacteria infect the embryo and fetal membranes, which leads to spontaneous rejection of the embryo. This can be prevented if treated before conception.
5. Abortion also contributes to the interruption of fetal development. It is better not to practice such intervention, because the consequences can be the most deplorable. You can read onforum about early miscarriages, about symptoms up to 2 weeks and see photos.
6. Reception of some medicines It can also cause abrupt termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, it is better to refuse any medication.
7. A pregnant woman is strictly forbidden to be nervous. This can cause abnormalities in the development of the fetus.
8. You also need to give up bad habits. If there is a risk of termination of pregnancy, then it is better to refrain from sexual intercourse at the initial stage.

As a result of the death of the fetus, placental abruption occurs, which provokes an interruption in the development of the embryo.

Early miscarriage symptoms

What are the symptoms of fetal rejection before 2 weeks? Sometimes a pregnant woman confuses this process with the onset of PMS, as bloody issues. This happens in the early stages, when she does not yet know that the embryo has already been born. But a little later, fetal rejection can be recognized by various factors.

• Spontaneous abortion may be blood secretions. They can be long and plentiful. If too much blood has flowed out, then it will not be possible to save the child. At the first sign of such a phenomenon, you should immediately consult a doctor!
• A woman can feel sharp pain lower abdomen. But not everyone has a pain sensation, so you might not even understand that there was an early miscarriage (symptoms up to 2 weeks with a photo).
• You can feel how the uterus has become "stone", and the stomach has become hard. All this can be accompanied by pain.

Some people have a high pain threshold while others have a low one. For this reason, they may not recognize the termination of pregnancy. Often, bloody discharge with impurities is a signal for this unpleasant process.

What to do?

Knowing everything symptoms up to 2 weeks, failed to preventearly miscarriagethen some remedial action should be taken.

1. If there was a complete rejection of the embryo, then the victim will not need any treatment. In a month, her body will recover on its own.
2. After the rejection of the fetus, the doctor may prescribe medications that complete the process of hatching the remaining parts of the embryo.
3. If complications occur after the interruption of the development of the embryo, then surgical intervention will be required.

In some cases, abortion can be carried out with the help of drugs. A day later, you can feel the contractions of the uterus, after which there will be a complete rejection of the embryo. At the end of the procedure, an ultrasound is done. Through the screen it will be seen how the uterus was cleansed.

If for some reason there was a partial rejection of the fetus, then cleaning will be required. This is a very serious procedure, leading to the development of inflammation in many women. After cleaning, there is a risk of not getting pregnant in the future.

At the beginning of the procedure, the woman's hair is removed from intimate place and do an enema. Then picked up desired type anesthesia. Painkiller is selected by the doctor depending on individual features injured. The doctor takes speculums and dilators and pushes back the cervix, and with the help of a hook he takes out the contents. To recover, a woman will need to follow all the doctor's instructions. After this procedure sexual relations should be out for a couple of months. Treatment must also be carried out psychologically. For this, a course of psychotherapy is prescribed by a specialist. A woman is prescribed special drugs.

After full recovery a married couple may again think about conception. Usually, steps begin to be taken a year after unsuccessful gestation. But this doesn't happen to everyone. Many are still afraid to repeat fertilization attempts.

An early miscarriage (symptoms up to 2 weeks with the photo, see above) is an extremely unpleasant event for both mother and father. It is necessary to carry out preventive measures at an early stage of embryonic development. They should be based on anti-inflammatory therapy, the elimination of physiological and mental trauma, and the fight against toxicosis is also being carried out. Your doctor may prescribe a vitamin complex. In such serious matter It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate, it is better to seek qualified help.

In anticipation of the baby, any negative manifestations of the ongoing pregnancy cause fear of losing the baby. The threat of miscarriage, along with the fear of giving birth to an unhealthy baby, are the most common causes of concern for expectant mothers. The first two weeks are not yet considered pregnancy in obstetric practice. At this time, the follicle is still maturing. Only with a favorable course of ovulation and successful fertilization does the actual pregnancy occur. So, even a pregnancy test at week 2 may turn out to be negative, since the egg has not yet fixed in the uterus. However, a miscarriage may already occur at a period of 2 weeks.

How does pregnancy proceed in the first two weeks?

Already now the baby begins to develop in the womb, there is a union of the egg and sperm. In the second week of pregnancy, it is too early to talk about changes in sensations. They are especially weakly felt by girls who do not plan pregnancy, most often they do not even notice changes in the body. At first, the fetus is especially sensitive to the mother's diseases, her bad habits, harmful conditions labor. At negative impact one of the external stimuli, the development of the embryo may be disrupted and a miscarriage will occur for a period of 2 weeks or later. Outwardly, the female body has not yet changed during this period of pregnancy, but inside there is an active production of substances that contribute to the development of the fetus. But now a woman should change her daily routine in order to reduce the threat of miscarriage to a minimum.

In fact, it’s too early to talk about a miscarriage as such in the second week, since one can only state failed attempt get pregnant. From the first days of pregnancy, there is a threat of miscarriage; the timing of spontaneous abortion remains critical until 22 weeks of fetal development. The fetus born from 22 to 37 weeks is already considered premature baby. If several pregnancies in a row end tragically, a woman can be diagnosed with miscarriage.

How to understand that there is a threat of miscarriage?

Every expectant mother needs to know the signs of a miscarriage, because when early research and timely medical intervention, abortion can be prevented. The threat of miscarriage may appear at different times, most dangerous time– 3-6 weeks of pregnancy. In the first weeks after conception, if a miscarriage occurs, a woman may not know that she was pregnant. Perhaps the girl will simply refer to a hormonal failure. All changes in the body associated with pregnancy have not yet manifested themselves clearly, so a failed mother may not even guess about conception, especially if menstruation occurs at the usual time or with a slight delay. And the symptoms of a miscarriage at 2 weeks completely coincide with the usual premenstrual syndrome. Every girl knows that during pregnancy, menstruation is impossible. Therefore, if spotting appears, even if it is small, these are signs of a miscarriage. Even if there are no bloody marks left on the gasket, but only a mild “daub”, it is recommended to urgently consult a doctor for advice.

Why does a miscarriage occur?

Spontaneous abortion, like any other pathology, cannot occur without reason. The main causes of miscarriage:

Most often, the symptoms of a miscarriage appear at a period of 2 to 12 weeks. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the embryo reacts sensitively to external stimuli - whether it be excessive physical activity, taking illegal drugs by the mother, stress and bad habits.

But sometimes this happens due to abnormalities in the chromosomes, which may be incompatible with life. So, about 73% of the sad outcomes of pregnancy occur precisely for this reason.

Sometimes there may be a lack of progesterone levels in the mother, but this is not an indication for termination of pregnancy. In our country, hormonal treatment is carried out during pregnancy, while in some other countries in similar situation do not want to keep the pregnancy. Healthy children are not always born, but in the most difficult situations pregnancy may end early.

In some cases, a Rh conflict occurs when the body rejects foreign tissues of the embryo. Sexual infections can also cause a miscarriage at 2 weeks or later.

Previous abortions can cause miscarriages in the future, as they are stressful for the woman's body. All this can cause a miscarriage as early as the second week, which can be accompanied not only by discharge, but also by pain, as well as nausea and vomiting. According to experts, 15-20% of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortions, but in the early stages a woman may not even know that she has conceived a child.

survive a miscarriage

Women endure the loss of a child hard, regardless of whether the miscarriage occurred at 2 weeks or much later. If a woman strives to become a mother, then even in the first weeks she will perceive a miscarriage as an unborn, but already beloved child. As a rule, a woman needs some time to recover, sometimes even resorting to the help of specialists.

How to stop spontaneous abortion?

If a woman managed to diagnose pregnancy or measured basal body temperature, menstruation with strong and painful discharge, along with a sharp drop in temperature to normal in the first weeks, can be clear signs of a miscarriage. If the pregnancy is 2-3 weeks, you can consult a doctor. If there is profuse bleeding and sharp pain, should immediately call ambulance or go to the hospital on your own. Every moment can cost the life of an unborn baby, as well as his mother, if this is an ectopic pregnancy. With the threat of a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy, a woman experiences the same sensations as during ectopic pregnancy. All these signs accompany a miscarriage in the second week; symptoms are more pronounced if spontaneous abortion occurs at a later date.

If a woman feels signs of a miscarriage in the form of pulling pains in the lower abdomen for periods, but there is no discharge, and the pregnancy test shows positive result, do not rush to the doctor. Every woman feels such symptoms while expecting a baby. However, if spotting appears, you should not self-medicate.

Medical statistics indicate that in Lately there are often cases of threatened abortion in the early stages, so every expectant mother needs to know her symptoms, as well as what are her reasons that can provoke a miscarriage. A miscarriage is a spontaneous abortion that occurs during the first 22 weeks of gestation. If the interruption occurred after this critical period, then doctors do not diagnose miscarriage, but childbirth that occurred before the appointed time (in the fifth month and later).

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage in the early stages

According to doctors, in 20% of conceptions, an involuntary abortion occurs, which sometimes many women do not even notice, believing that the appearance of bleeding signals that menstruation has begun.

In accordance with these data, several types of abortion are distinguished.:

• Incomplete / complete abortion;
• Threatened abortion;
• Non-developing pregnancy;
• Initiated abortion.

These processes differ in their dynamics, although such a division can be called superficial, conditional. Complete miscarriage suggests that the uterus rejects not only the fetus, but also amniotic sac, and water. Incomplete abortion is characterized by complete or partial rejection of the fetus, while the amniotic membrane remains in the uterus, which requires special surgical intervention.

The abortion that has begun accompanies severe bleeding and pain, over a long period of time.

During this period, the pregnant woman may begin contractions and dilatation of the cervix, that is, one can state a peculiar onset of childbirth. Threatened abortion manifests itself in weak uterine contractions and little bleeding, but in most cases this quickly passes and the pregnancy remains intact. The release of the uterus from a fertilized egg is considered defense mechanism. If this process occurs before the 12th week of the term, then an early miscarriage is diagnosed, if after the 12th week, then late miscarriage. In the case when the pregnancy stops after 22 weeks, we can talk about premature birth.

The main causes of miscarriage in early pregnancy

It is quite difficult to determine the reasons why self-abortion occurred at the beginning of the term, since there is a need comprehensive survey with the subsequent delivery of all required tests. Basically, the causes of involuntary abortion are divided into two large groups: medical and socio-biological.

The first group of reasons includes the following factors:

• Heavy physical activity;
• Age;
• Wrong lifestyle;
• Severe stress, anxiety, nervous breakdown;
• Unfavorable living conditions;
• Accidents.

Thus, a miscarriage is provoked as a result of strong stressful experiences of the mother, her smoking, alcoholism or drug addiction, as well as as a result of injury. In addition, the mother's age also has a serious influence on the pregnancy process - the older the woman, the greater the likelihood of abortion, as well as her living conditions (financial situation, ecology, etc.).

TO medical reasons miscarriage can be attributed to a woman's health problems, as well as:

• Serious hormonal disorders;
• Viral and infectious diseases;
• Pathology of the body's immunity;
• Anomalies in the development of the fetus or genetic disorders in a woman.

In addition, one of the reasons for termination of pregnancy can be an arbitrary abortion performed earlier, which can provoke a variety of complications, as well as cause secondary infertility. May lead to miscarriage drug treatment, independent use medicinal plants or drugs. The threat of interruption can also occur in a situation of Rhesus conflict, in such cases the probability of miscarriage is very high.

How does a miscarriage happen?

In the early stages of pregnancy, it is very difficult to differentiate what causes a miscarriage, so most experts believe that it is caused by genetic factors.

The interruption process itself takes place in several stages.:

• Threat of interruption;
• Started miscarriage;
• incomplete abortion;
• Complete abortion.

With threatened abortion, placental abruption begins, which is accompanied by the appearance of primary symptoms of interruption: spotting and severe pain lower abdomen. If a woman manages to notice these signs in time, then the likelihood of maintaining a pregnancy is much higher.

However, if the pregnant woman failed to understand the signals of her body, the placenta exfoliates, which leads to the death of the fetus, that is, the phase of an inevitable abortion begins, which cannot be prevented.

As a result incomplete abortion the placenta completely exfoliates, and the embryo dies, after which the body begins to reject it. And there comes the stage of complete abortion, during which the elimination of the place and the fetus from the uterus and genital tract occurs. Thus, the pregnancy is finally terminated.

Recommendations: how to recognize the signs of a miscarriage in early pregnancy

The whole process of pregnancy, especially in the first or second month, includes several critical periods.

It is during these periods that there is a threat of interruption:

1. Fetal implantation begins at 2-3 weeks of gestation, but if there are scars, injuries or abnormalities in the structure of the uterus, this process is disrupted, resulting in a threat.
2. The most vulnerable embryo becomes at 4-6 weeks, when developmental anomalies can begin to form, preventing it from living and developing further.
3. At 8-12 weeks, the placenta is actively developing, so there is a high risk of pathologies in its structure. And a miscarriage at this stage may be associated with a lack of progesterone in the body of a woman.

Information: what does an early miscarriage look like

It is quite difficult to independently determine that a miscarriage has occurred, since it can only be accurately distinguished as a result of a comprehensive medical examination.

At the same time, you can recognize the signs of a miscarriage in a short time:

• Brownish discharge or bleeding with varying intensity;
• The embryo comes out through the genital tract;
• Pain in the lower abdomen;
• The amniotic fluid has broken;
• Strong convulsive contractions begin;
• The temperature rises sharply and worsens general state health of the pregnant woman.

On early stages The symptoms of a miscarriage may appear as a period that appears after a slight delay. If a woman underwent a rapid pregnancy test after her period disappeared and was able to get a positive result, then with a sudden onset menstrual cycle miscarriage can be diagnosed.

The first signs of a miscarriage: treatment and consequences

Conception can occur quite safely, however, soon the fetus may attach to the uterine wall and freeze in development, in which case it can be argued that the pregnancy process is false. To avoid the threat of termination of pregnancy, every woman must do everything necessary procedures(for example, ultrasound), pass all the tests and undergo the required examinations.

As soon as a woman managed to get pregnant, a miscarriage may be suspected, in which case experts give the following recommendations:

• Bed rest and maximum reduction physical activity on the female body;
• Complete removal of the possibility of experiences, worries, stresses, emotional upheavals, etc.;
• Taking hormonal drugs (as prescribed by a doctor);
• Rejection of bad habits;
• Diet correction.

It is necessary to consult a doctor at the first appearance of negative symptoms, as in the case of threatened miscarriage pregnancy can be saved, but for this you need to accurately determine what the main cause of the threat is. A woman should not make hasty conclusions, since any emotional shock or experience can only aggravate the situation.

At the same time, you need to understand that the absence of any action can lead to negative consequences:

1. The introduction of infection into the female body, in the presence of blood clots and the remains of a dead fetus.
2. The retention of particles of the fetal egg in the uterus, which leads to increased uterine contractions, and, consequently, bleeding, through which the uterus tries to remove a foreign body from the body.
3. Dysfunction of the hormonal background, due to a sharp interruption of the pregnancy process.

Therefore, it is very important to go through the “cleansing” process, during which the remnants of the fetus, particles of the unformed placenta and blood clots will be removed from the female body. When determining the cause of a miscarriage, a pregnant woman undergoes a course of prevention of subsequent pregnancies.

Signs of an early miscarriage (video)

In most cases, the pregnancy process proceeds safely, but sometimes certain difficulties occur in the form of a threat of termination of pregnancy and miscarriage. It is impossible to determine exactly why this happens to certain woman, in a certain situation. Therefore, it is very important for the expectant mother to go through everything necessary examinations to prevent any deviation from normal flow pregnancy process.